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@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ def(emdash)(0)(\
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whentxt(--))\
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SUBST(_LPAR_)(CHAR(40))\
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SUBST(_RPAR_)(CHAR(41))
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COMMENT(-- preserve the indent of the 1st line of paragraph --)\
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IFDEF(txt)(\
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DEFINESYMBOL(XXparagraph)()\
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PUSHMACRO(PARAGRAPH)(0)(SYMBOLVALUE(XXparagraph))\
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)()
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myreport(Z-Shell Frequently-Asked Questions)(Peter Stephenson)(2010/02/15)
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COMMENT(-- the following are for Usenet and must appear first)\
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description(\
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@ -163,7 +168,7 @@ Acknowledgments
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Copyright
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--- End of Contents ---
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)
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)\
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chapter(Introducing zsh and how to install it)
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@ -222,7 +227,6 @@ email(mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu)
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For any more eclectic information, you should contact the mailing
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list: see question link(6.2)(62).
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sect(What is it?)
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Zsh is a UNIX command interpreter (shell) which of the standard
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@ -242,7 +246,6 @@ sect(What is it?)
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included with the source distribution are highly recommended. A list
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of features is given in FEATURES, also with the source.
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sect(What is it good at?)
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Here are some things that zsh is particularly good at. No claim of
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@ -284,7 +287,6 @@ sect(What is it good at?)
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it() Spelling correction.
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)
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sect(On what machines will it run?)
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From version 3.0, zsh uses GNU autoconf as the installation
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@ -313,7 +315,6 @@ sect(On what machines will it run?)
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signames.h file. This makes the signals code unusable. This often happens
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on Ultrix, HP-UX, IRIX (?). Install gawk if you experience such problems.
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sect(What's the latest version?)
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Zsh 5.9 is the latest production version. For details of all the
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@ -335,7 +336,6 @@ sect(What's the latest version?)
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users), or to enhance compatibility with other Bourne shell
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derivatives, or (mostly in the 3.0 series) to provide POSIX compliance.
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sect(Where do I get it?)
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label(16)
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@ -435,7 +435,6 @@ sect(I don't have root access: how do I make zsh my login shell?)
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/etc/shells on all appropriate machines, including NIS clients, or you
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may have problems with FTP to that machine.
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chapter(How does zsh differ from...?)
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As has already been mentioned, zsh is most similar to ksh, while many
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@ -639,7 +638,6 @@ link(2.3)(23).
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)
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)
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sect(Similarities with csh)
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Although certain features aim to ease the withdrawal symptoms of csh
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@ -673,7 +671,6 @@ sect(Similarities with csh)
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it() Arrays have csh-like features (see under link(2.1)(21)).
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)
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sect(Why do my csh aliases not work? (Plus other alias pitfalls.))
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label(23)
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@ -863,7 +860,6 @@ mytt(compctl)
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)
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and can now bind tt(run-fg-editor) just like any other editor function.
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sect(Similarities with bash)
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label(25)
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@ -889,7 +885,6 @@ label(25)
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and `tt((#e))' to match the end. These require the option
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tt(EXTENDED_GLOB) to be set.
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sect(Shouldn't zsh be more/less like ksh/(t)csh?)
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People often ask why zsh has all these `unnecessary' csh-like features,
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@ -916,7 +911,6 @@ sect(Shouldn't zsh be more/less like ksh/(t)csh?)
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want. The introduction of loadable in modules in version 3.1 should
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help.
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sect(What is zsh's support for Unicode/UTF-8?)
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`Unicode', or UCS for Universal Character Set, is the modern way
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@ -935,7 +929,6 @@ sect(What is zsh's support for Unicode/UTF-8?)
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this becomes a production release.) This is discussed more
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fully below, see `Multibyte input and output'.
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sect(Why does my bash script report an error when I run it under zsh?)
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label(28)
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@ -996,7 +989,6 @@ label(28)
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languages and adjusting it accordingly, just like you would
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when translating a book from American English to British English.
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chapter(How to get various things to work)
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sect(Why does mytt($var) where mytt(var="foo bar") not do what I expect?)
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@ -1166,7 +1158,6 @@ sect(In which startup file do I put...?)
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put in tt(.zshrc)
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to save your history.
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sect(What is the difference between `export' and the tt(ALL_EXPORT) option?)
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Normally, you would put a variable into the environment by using
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@ -1192,7 +1183,6 @@ sect(What is the difference between `export' and the tt(ALL_EXPORT) option?)
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it immediately afterwards. Only those variables will be automatically
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exported.
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sect(How do I turn off spelling correction/globbing for a single command?)
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In the first case, you presumably have mytt(setopt correctall) in an
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@ -1217,7 +1207,6 @@ sect(How do I turn off spelling correction/globbing for a single command?)
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Note also that a shell function won't work: the no... directives must
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be expanded before the rest of the command line is parsed.
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sect(How do I get the Meta key to work on my xterm?)
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label(35)
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@ -1255,7 +1244,6 @@ label(35)
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each byte is used to indicate a part of a multibyte character. See
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link(chapter 5)(c5).
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sect(How do I automatically display the directory in my xterm title bar?)
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You should use the special function mytt(chpwd), which is called when
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@ -1283,7 +1271,6 @@ sect(How do I automatically display the directory in my xterm title bar?)
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directly: just put mytt(chpwd) in tt(.zshrc) after it is defined or \
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autoloaded.
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sect(How do I make the completion list use eight bit characters?)
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If you are sure your terminal handles this, the easiest way from versions
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@ -1297,7 +1284,6 @@ sect(How do I make the completion list use eight bit characters?)
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possibility may be to set tt(LC_ALL=en_US). For older versions of the
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shell, there is no easy way out.
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sect(Why do the cursor (arrow) keys not work? (And other terminal oddities.))
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The cursor keys send different codes depending on the terminal; zsh
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@ -1365,7 +1351,6 @@ sect(Why do the cursor (arrow) keys not work? (And other terminal oddities.))
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what we used to get the cursor keys above), replace mytt(echoti smkx)
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with mytt(echotc ks) and replace mytt(echoti rmkx) with mytt(echotc ke).
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sect(Why does my terminal act funny in some way?)
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If you are using an OpenWindows cmdtool as your terminal, any
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@ -1408,7 +1393,6 @@ sect(Why does my terminal act funny in some way?)
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afterwards: just the modes it uses itself and a number of special
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processing characters (see the tt(stty(1)) manual page).
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sect(Why does zsh not work in an Emacs shell mode any more?)
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(This information comes from Bart Schaefer and other zsh-workers.)
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@ -1438,7 +1422,6 @@ sect(Why does zsh not work in an Emacs shell mode any more?)
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)
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to ~/.emacs.
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sect(Why do my autoloaded functions not autoload [the first time]?)
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The problem is that there are two possible ways of autoloading a
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@ -1484,7 +1467,6 @@ sect(Why do my autoloaded functions not autoload [the first time]?)
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parentheses removes the directory part of the filenames, leaving
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just the function names.)
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sect(How does base arithmetic work?)
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The ksh syntax is now understood, i.e.
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@ -1528,7 +1510,6 @@ sect(How does base arithmetic work?)
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print $(( [#16] 255 ))
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)
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sect(How do I get a newline in my prompt?)
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label(313)
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@ -1551,7 +1532,6 @@ label(313)
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is a neat way of doing what you want. Note that it is the quotes, not
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the prompt expansion, which turns the `tt(\n)' into a newline.
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sect(Why does mytt(bindkey ^a command-name) or mytt(stty intr ^-) do something funny?)
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You probably have the extendedglob option set in which case tt(^) and tt(#)
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@ -1561,7 +1541,6 @@ sect(Why does mytt(bindkey ^a command-name) or mytt(stty intr ^-) do something f
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See link(3.27)(327) if you want to know more about the pattern
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character mytt(^).
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sect(Why can't I bind tt(\C-s) and tt(\C-q) any more?)
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The control-s and control-q keys now do flow control by default,
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@ -1575,7 +1554,6 @@ sect(Why can't I bind tt(\C-s) and tt(\C-q) any more?)
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control and hence restoring the use of the keys: put mytt(setopt
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noflowcontrol) in your tt(.zshrc) file.
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sect(How do I execute command mytt(foo) within function mytt(foo)?)
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The command mytt(command foo) does just that. You don't need this with
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@ -1587,7 +1565,6 @@ sect(How do I execute command mytt(foo) within function mytt(foo)?)
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using `command'. If mytt(foo) is a builtin rather than an external
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command, use mytt(builtin foo) instead.
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sect(Why do history substitutions with single bangs do something funny?)
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If you have a command like "tt(echo !-2:$ !$)", the first history
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@ -1596,7 +1573,6 @@ sect(Why do history substitutions with single bangs do something funny?)
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tt(!-2:$). The option tt(CSH_JUNKIE_HISTORY) makes all single bangs refer
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to the last command.
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sect(Why does zsh kill off all my background jobs when I logout?)
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Simple answer: you haven't asked it not to. Zsh (unlike [t]csh) gives
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@ -1614,13 +1590,11 @@ sect(Why does zsh kill off all my background jobs when I logout?)
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Likewise, you can start a background job with mytt(&!) instead of just
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mytt(&) at the end, which will automatically disown the job.
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sect(How do I list all my history entries?)
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Tell zsh to start from entry 1: mytt(history 1). Those entries at the
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start which are no longer in memory will be silently omitted.
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sect(How does the alternative loop syntax, e.g. mytt(while {...} {...}) \
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work?)
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@ -1678,7 +1652,6 @@ work?)
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manual), which you are in any case encouraged even more strongly not
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to use in programs as it can be very confusing.
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sect(Why is my history not being saved?)
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label(321)
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@ -1696,7 +1669,6 @@ label(321)
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above. There are also various options affecting history; see the
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manual.
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sect(How do I get a variable's value to be evaluated as another variable?)
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The problem is that you have a variable tt($E) containing the string
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@ -1733,7 +1705,6 @@ sect(How do I get a variable's value to be evaluated as another variable?)
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it, this works). So in mytt(${${E}}), the internal mytt(${...})
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actually does nothing.
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sect(How do I prevent the prompt overwriting output when there is no newline?)
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The problem is normally limited to zsh versions prior to 4.3.0 due to the
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@ -1776,7 +1747,6 @@ sect(How do I prevent the prompt overwriting output when there is no newline?)
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One final alternative is to put a newline in your prompt -- see question
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link(3.13)(313) for that.
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sect(What's wrong with cut and paste on my xterm?)
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On the majority of modern UNIX systems, cutting text from one window and
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@ -1815,7 +1785,6 @@ sect(What's wrong with cut and paste on my xterm?)
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in the tt(zshparam) manual page for details.
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)
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sect(How do I get coloured prompts on my colour xterm?)
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(Or `color xterm', if you're reading this in black and white.)
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@ -1859,7 +1828,6 @@ sect(How do I get coloured prompts on my colour xterm?)
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`mytt(<ESC>[0m)' puts printing back to normal so that the rest of the line
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is unchanged.
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sect(Why is my output duplicated with `tt(foo 2>&1 >foo.out | bar)'?)
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This is a slightly unexpected effect of the option tt(MULTIOS), which is
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@ -1903,7 +1871,6 @@ sect(Why is my output duplicated with `tt(foo 2>&1 >foo.out | bar)'?)
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(to the pipe) and start anew with tt(>foo.out) instead of adding it as a
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redirection target to stdout.
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sect(What are these `^' and `~' pattern characters, anyway?)
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label(327)
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@ -2030,7 +1997,6 @@ label(327)
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in the current directory or any parent.)
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)
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sect(How do I edit the input buffer in $EDITOR?)
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label(328)
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@ -2046,7 +2012,6 @@ label(328)
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command-line for editing. The command will not be automatically executed;
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quitting the editor will only return to zsh's command-line editing mode.
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sect(Why does `which' output for missing commands go to stdout?)
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The issue is that if you run:
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@ -2076,7 +2041,6 @@ sect(Why does `which' output for missing commands go to stdout?)
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other Bourne-style shells it is in fact self-consistent. Note that
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the exit status does reflect the fact the command can't be found.
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sect(Why doesn't the expansion mytt(*.{tex,aux,pdf}) do what I expect?)
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Based on the behaviour of some other shells, you might guess that the
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@ -2114,10 +2078,8 @@ sect(Why doesn't the expansion mytt(*.{tex,aux,pdf}) do what I expect?)
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This is harder for the user to remember but easier for the shell to
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parse!
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chapter(The mysteries of completion)
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sect(What is completion?)
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`Completion' is where you hit a particular command key (TAB is the
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@ -2147,7 +2109,6 @@ sect(What is completion?)
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compinit; compinit)' in your tt(.zshrc) should be enough if the system is
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installed properly.
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sect(What sorts of things can be completed?)
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label(42)
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@ -2171,7 +2132,6 @@ label(42)
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`anything where an automated guess is possible'. Just hit TAB
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and see if the shell manages to guess correctly.
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sect(How does zsh deal with ambiguous completions?)
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Often there will be more than one possible completion: two files
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@ -2209,7 +2169,6 @@ sect(How does zsh deal with ambiguous completions?)
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from version 3.1 tt(LIST_AMBIGUOUS) is set by default; if you use
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autolist, you may well want to `unsetopt listambiguous'.
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sect(How do I complete in the middle of words / just what's before the cursor?)
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Sometimes you have a word on the command-line which is incomplete in the
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@ -2238,7 +2197,6 @@ sect(How do I complete in the middle of words / just what's before the cursor?)
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can expand to tt(/usr/local/bin) or anything else that matches. This
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saves you having to expand the middle part of the path separately.
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sect(How do I get started with programmable completion?)
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label(45)
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@ -2251,7 +2209,6 @@ label(45)
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tells you how to configure the completion system and chapter 15 how
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to write your own completion functions.
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sect(Suppose I want to complete all files during a special completion?)
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If you're using the completion system the shell will decide what
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@ -2283,7 +2240,6 @@ sect(Suppose I want to complete all files during a special completion?)
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completion. Your actual completer style may include other actions,
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such as expansion or approximate completion.
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chapter(Multibyte input and output)
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label(c5)
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@ -2334,7 +2290,6 @@ sect(What is multibyte input?)
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way, for example on Windows, but the shell can't deal directly with text
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in those formats.)
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sect(How does zsh handle multibyte input and output?)
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Until version 4.3, zsh didn't handle multibyte input properly at all.
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@ -2379,7 +2334,6 @@ sect(How does zsh handle multibyte input and output?)
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in inverse video. Highlighting of such special characters can
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be modified using the new array parameter tt(zle_highlight).
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sect(How do I ensure multibyte input and output work on my system?)
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Once you have a version of zsh with multibyte support, you need to
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@ -2451,7 +2405,6 @@ sect(How do I ensure multibyte input and output work on my system?)
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to compile with the tt(MULTIBYTE) option enabled, but the system
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didn't provide full support for it.
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sect(How can I input characters that aren't on my keyboard?)
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Two functions are provided with zsh that help you input characters.
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@ -2495,7 +2448,6 @@ url(http://www.unicode.org/charts/)(http://www.unicode.org/charts/).
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See also url(http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#input)(http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#input)
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for general information on entering Unicode characters from a keyboard.
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chapter(The future of zsh)
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sect(What bugs are currently known and unfixed? (Plus recent \
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@ -2512,7 +2464,6 @@ label(61)
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most important changes, and in particular draws attention to
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incompatibilities you might notice.
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sect(Where do I report bugs, get more info / who's working on zsh?)
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label(62)
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@ -2577,7 +2528,6 @@ label(62)
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Of course, you can also post zsh queries to the Usenet group
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comp.unix.shell; if all else fails, you could even e-mail me.
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sect(What's on the wish-list?)
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The code bears the marks of the ages and many things could be done much
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@ -2601,7 +2551,6 @@ sect(What's on the wish-list?)
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it() Option for glob qualifiers to follow perl syntax (a traditional item).
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)
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sect(Did zsh have problems in the year 2000?)
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Not that I heard of; it's up to you to be careful with two-digit dates,
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@ -2609,7 +2558,6 @@ sect(Did zsh have problems in the year 2000?)
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and also by the command `tt(print -P)'. Earlier versions of zsh may
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show problems here.
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sect(When reporting a bug, how do I reduce my mytt(.zshrc) into a minimal reproduction recipe?)
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When reporting a bug, the gold standard is to include with the bug
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@ -2623,9 +2571,8 @@ sect(When reporting a bug, how do I reduce my mytt(.zshrc) into a minimal reprod
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and then, within that instance of the shell, run a minimal short
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sequence of commands that reproduces the bug. A good way to devise
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such recipes is the following:
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COMMENT(For reference, here's Vim's write-up of a similar process:
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https://github.com/chrisbra/vim_faq/blob/de424bd8e08bcf0e6b1e0563ee49514dfed926ae/vim_faq.txt#L1153-L1228)
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https://github.com/chrisbra/vim_faq/blob/de424bd8e08bcf0e6b1e0563ee49514dfed926ae/vim_faq.txt#L1153-L1228)\
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enumeration(
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myeit() First, ensure the bug is reproducible. To do this, start
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@ -2701,7 +2648,6 @@ https://github.com/chrisbra/vim_faq/blob/de424bd8e08bcf0e6b1e0563ee49514dfed926a
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Bug reports should be emailed to the mytt(zsh-workers@zsh.org) public
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mailing list; see link(6.2)(62) for details.
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nsect(Acknowledgments:)
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Thanks to zsh-list, in particular Bart Schaefer, for suggestions
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@ -2713,7 +2659,6 @@ thanks. The world is eternally in the debt of Paul Falstad for inventing
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zsh in the first place (though the wizzo extended completion is by Sven
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Wischnowsky).
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nsect(Copyright Information:)
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This document is copyright (C) P.W. Stephenson, 1995, 1996, 1997,
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