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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Installation Instructions</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="This article gives some brief instructions on installing FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and upgrading the systems running earlier releases." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp60376400"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Installation Instructions</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2014 The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
the FreeBSD Foundation.</p><p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386,
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Installation Instructions</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="This article gives some brief instructions on installing FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and upgrading the systems running earlier releases." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61517488"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Installation Instructions</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2014 The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
the FreeBSD Foundation. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386,
i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United
States and other countries.</p><p>SPARC, SPARC64, and
States and other countries. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">SPARC, SPARC64, and
UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc in the United
States and other countries. SPARC International, Inc owns all of the
SPARC trademarks and under licensing agreements allows the proper use
of these trademarks by its members.</p><p>Many of the designations used by
of these trademarks by its members. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Many of the designations used by
manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed
as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document,
and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the
designations have been followed by the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">&#8482;</span>&#8221;</span> or the
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">®</span>&#8221;</span> symbol.</p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-13 by gjb.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p>This article gives some brief instructions on installing
designations have been followed by the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">&#8482;</span>&#8221;</span> or the
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">®</span>&#8221;</span> symbol. </p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-13 by gjb.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This article gives some brief instructions on installing
FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and upgrading the systems running earlier
releases.</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#install">1. Installing FreeBSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#upgrade">2. Upgrading FreeBSD</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="install"></a>1. Installing FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p>The <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html" target="_top">Installing
releases. </p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#install">1. Installing FreeBSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#upgrade">2. Upgrading FreeBSD</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="install"></a>1. Installing FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html" target="_top">Installing
FreeBSD</a></code>
chapter of the <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
chapter of the <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a></code> provides more in-depth information about the
installation program itself, including a guided walk-through with
screenshots.</p></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="upgrade"></a>2. Upgrading FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p>If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, please
read <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html#upgrade" target="_top">upgrading
screenshots. </p></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="upgrade"></a>2. Upgrading FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, please
read <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html#upgrade" target="_top">upgrading
section in the Release Notes</a></code> for notable
incompatibilities carefully.</p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61776720"></a>2.1. Upgrading from Source</h3></div></div></div><p>The procedure for doing a source code based update is
incompatibilities carefully. </p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61921200"></a>2.1. Upgrading from Source</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The procedure for doing a source code based update is
described in
<code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/synching.html" target="_top"></a></code> and
<code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html" target="_top"></a></code>.</p><p>For SVN use the <code class="filename">releng/10.0</code> branch
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/synching.html" target="_top"></a></code> and
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html" target="_top"></a></code>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">For SVN use the <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">releng/10.0</code> branch
which will be where any upcoming Security Advisories or Errata
Notices will be applied.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61791568"></a>2.2. Upgrading Using <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">FreeBSD Update</span>&#8221;</span></h3></div></div></div><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility supports binary
Notices will be applied. </p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61927984"></a>2.2. Upgrading Using <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">FreeBSD Update</span>&#8221;</span></h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility supports binary
upgrades of i386 and amd64 systems running
earlier FreeBSD releases. Systems running
<code class="literal">7.[34]-RELEASE</code>,
<code class="literal">8.[1234]-RELEASE</code>,
<code class="literal">9.[012]-RELEASE</code>,
<code class="literal">10.0-RC[123]</code> can upgrade as follows:</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update fetch
<code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update install</pre><p>Now the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility can fetch bits
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">7.[34]-RELEASE</code>,
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">8.[1234]-RELEASE</code>,
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">9.[012]-RELEASE</code>,
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">10.0-RC[123]</code> can upgrade as follows: </p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update fetch
<code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update install</pre><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Now the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility can fetch bits
belonging to 10.0-RELEASE. During this process
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> will ask for help in merging
configuration files.</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update upgrade -r 10.0-RELEASE</pre><p>Due to changes in the way that FreeBSD is packaged on the
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> will ask for help in merging
configuration files. </p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update upgrade -r 10.0-RELEASE</pre><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Due to changes in the way that FreeBSD is packaged on the
release media, two complications may arise in this process if
upgrading from FreeBSD 8.x or 9.x:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>The FreeBSD, which previously could appear in either
<code class="filename">/boot/kernel</code> or
<code class="filename">/boot/GENERIC</code>, now only appears as
<code class="filename">/boot/kernel</code>. As a result, any
kernel appearing in <code class="filename">/boot/GENERIC</code>
upgrading from FreeBSD 8.x or 9.x: </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The FreeBSD, which previously could appear in either
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/boot/kernel</code> or
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/boot/GENERIC</code>, now only appears as
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/boot/kernel</code>. As a result, any
kernel appearing in <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/boot/GENERIC</code>
will be deleted. Please carefully read the output printed
by <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> and confirm that an updated
by <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> and confirm that an updated
kernel will be placed into
<code class="filename">/boot/kernel</code> before proceeding beyond
this point.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The FreeBSD source tree in <code class="filename">/usr/src</code>
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/boot/kernel</code> before proceeding beyond
this point. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The FreeBSD source tree in <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/usr/src</code>
(if present) will be deleted. (Normally the
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility will update a source tree,
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility will update a source tree,
but in this case the changes in release packaging result
in the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility not recognizing that
in the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility not recognizing that
the source tree from the old release and the source tree
from the new release correspond to the same part of
FreeBSD.)</p></li></ol></div><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update install</pre><p>The system must now be rebooted with the newly installed
kernel before the non-kernel components are updated.</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> shutdown -r now</pre><p>After rebooting, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> needs to be run
again to install the new userland components:</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update install</pre><p>At this point, users of systems being upgraded from FreeBSD
FreeBSD.) </p></li></ol></div><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update install</pre><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The system must now be rebooted with the newly installed
kernel before the non-kernel components are updated. </p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> shutdown -r now</pre><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">After rebooting, <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> needs to be run
again to install the new userland components: </p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update install</pre><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">At this point, users of systems being upgraded from FreeBSD
9.2-RELEASE or earlier will be prompted by
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> to rebuild all third-party applications
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> to rebuild all third-party applications
(e.g., ports installed from the ports tree) due to updates in
system libraries.</p><p>After updating installed third-party applications (and
again, only if <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> printed a message
system libraries. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">After updating installed third-party applications (and
again, only if <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> printed a message
indicating that this was necessary), run
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> again so that it can delete the old (no
longer used) system libraries:</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update install</pre><p>Finally, reboot into 10.0-RELEASE</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> shutdown -r now</pre></div></div></div></body></html>
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> again so that it can delete the old (no
longer used) system libraries: </p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> freebsd-update install</pre><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Finally, reboot into 10.0-RELEASE </p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">#</code> shutdown -r now</pre></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents,
can be downloaded from <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a>.</small></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before
contacting &lt;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</small></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>All users of FreeBSD release should
subscribe to the &lt;<a href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;
mailing list.</small></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation,
e-mail &lt;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</small></p></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE README</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. It includes some information on how to obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the FreeBSD Project, and pointers to some other sources of information." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp60676304"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE README</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2000-2014 The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
the FreeBSD Foundation.</p><p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386,
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE README</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. It includes some information on how to obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the FreeBSD Project, and pointers to some other sources of information." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61447856"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE README</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2014 The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
the FreeBSD Foundation. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386,
i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United
States and other countries.</p><p>Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are
States and other countries. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are
registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group are
trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other
countries.</p><p>SPARC, SPARC64, and
countries. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">SPARC, SPARC64, and
UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc in the United
States and other countries. SPARC International, Inc owns all of the
SPARC trademarks and under licensing agreements allows the proper use
of these trademarks by its members.</p><p>Many of the designations used by
of these trademarks by its members. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Many of the designations used by
manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed
as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document,
and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the
designations have been followed by the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">&#8482;</span>&#8221;</span> or the
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">®</span>&#8221;</span> symbol.</p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-13 by gjb.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p>This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD
designations have been followed by the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">&#8482;</span>&#8221;</span> or the
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">®</span>&#8221;</span> symbol. </p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-14 by hrs.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE. It includes some information on how to
obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the FreeBSD
Project, and pointers to some other sources of
information.</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#obtain">2. Obtaining FreeBSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#contacting">3. Contacting the FreeBSD Project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#seealso">4. Further Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#acknowledgements">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>This distribution is a snapshot of FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE, the
latest point along the 10.0-STABLE branch.</p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61837648"></a>1.1. About FreeBSD</h3></div></div></div><p>FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite for
information. </p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#obtain">2. Obtaining FreeBSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#contacting">3. Contacting the FreeBSD Project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#seealso">4. Further Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#acknowledgements">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This distribution is a release of FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE, the
latest point along the 10.0-STABLE branch. </p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61833520"></a>1.1. About FreeBSD</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite for
AMD64 and Intel EM64T based PC hardware (amd64),
Intel, AMD, Cyrix or NexGen <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">x86</span>&#8221;</span> based PC hardware (i386),
Intel, AMD, Cyrix or NexGen <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">x86</span>&#8221;</span> based PC hardware (i386),
Intel Itanium Processor based computers (ia64),
NEC PC-9801/9821 series PCs and compatibles (pc98),
and <span class="trademark">UltraSPARC</span>® machines (sparc64). Versions
for the <span class="trademark">ARM</span>® (arm), <span class="trademark">MIPS</span>® (mips), and
<span class="trademark">PowerPC</span>® (powerpc) architectures are currently under
and <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="trademark">UltraSPARC</span>® machines (sparc64). Versions
for the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="trademark">ARM</span>® (arm), <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="trademark">MIPS</span>® (mips), and
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="trademark">PowerPC</span>® (powerpc) architectures are currently under
development as well. FreeBSD works with a wide variety of
peripherals and configurations and can be used for everything
from software development to games to Internet Service
Provision.</p><p>This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need to run
Provision. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need to run
such a system, including full source code for the kernel and
all utilities in the base distribution. With the source
distribution installed, you can literally recompile the entire
system from scratch with one command, making it ideal for
students, researchers, or users who simply want to see how it
all works.</p><p>A large collection of third-party ported software (the
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Ports Collection</span>&#8221;</span>) is also provided to make it
easy to obtain and install all your favorite traditional <span class="trademark">UNIX</span>®
utilities for FreeBSD. Each <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">port</span>&#8221;</span> consists of a
all works. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A large collection of third-party ported software (the
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Ports Collection</span>&#8221;</span>) is also provided to make it
easy to obtain and install all your favorite traditional <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="trademark">UNIX</span>®
utilities for FreeBSD. Each <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">port</span>&#8221;</span> consists of a
set of scripts to retrieve, configure, build, and install a
piece of software, with a single command. Over 24,000
ports, from editors to programming languages to graphical
applications, make FreeBSD a powerful and comprehensive operating
environment that extends far beyond what's provided by many
commercial versions of <span class="trademark">UNIX</span>®. Most ports are also available as
pre-compiled <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">packages</span>&#8221;</span>, which can be quickly
installed from the installation program.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61854032"></a>1.2. Target Audience</h3></div></div></div><p>This snapshot is aimed primarily at early adopters
and various other users who want to get involved with the
ongoing development of FreeBSD. While the FreeBSD development team
tries its best to ensure that each snapshot works as
advertised, 10.0-STABLE is very much a
work-in-progress.</p><p>The basic requirements for using this snapshot are
technical proficiency with FreeBSD and an understanding of the
ongoing development process of FreeBSD 10.0-STABLE (as
discussed on the <a class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-stable" target="_top">FreeBSD-STABLE mailing list</a>).</p><p>For those more interested in doing business with FreeBSD than
in experimenting with new FreeBSD technology, formal releases
(such as 9.2-RELEASE) are frequently more appropriate.
Releases undergo a period of testing and quality assurance
checking to ensure high reliability and dependability.</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="obtain"></a>2. Obtaining FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p>FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This section
commercial versions of <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="trademark">UNIX</span>®. Most ports are also available as
pre-compiled <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">packages</span>&#8221;</span>, which can be quickly
installed from the installation program. </p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61858096"></a>1.2. Target Audience</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This release of FreeBSD is suitable for all users. It
has undergone a period of testing and quality assurance
checking to ensure the highest reliability and
dependability. </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="obtain"></a>2. Obtaining FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This section
focuses on those ways that are primarily useful for obtaining a
complete FreeBSD distribution, rather than updating an existing
installation.</p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61866192"></a>2.1. CDROM and DVD</h3></div></div></div><p>FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM or DVD
installation. </p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61869488"></a>2.1. CDROM and DVD</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM or DVD
from several publishers. This is frequently the most
convenient way to obtain FreeBSD for new installations, as it
provides a convenient way to quickly reinstall the system if
necessary. Some distributions include some of the optional,
precompiled <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">packages</span>&#8221;</span> from the FreeBSD Ports
Collection, or other extra material.</p><p>A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the
project are listed in the <a class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html" target="_top"><span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Obtaining
FreeBSD</span>&#8221;</span></a> appendix to the Handbook.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61882832"></a>2.2. FTP</h3></div></div></div><p>You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of its
optional packages from <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a></code>, which is the official
precompiled <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">packages</span>&#8221;</span> from the FreeBSD Ports
Collection, or other extra material. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the
project are listed in the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html" target="_top"><span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Obtaining
FreeBSD</span>&#8221;</span></a> appendix to the Handbook. </p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61878960"></a>2.2. FTP</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of its
optional packages from <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a></code>, which is the official
FreeBSD release site, or any of its
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">mirrors</span>&#8221;</span>.</p><p>Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in the
<a class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html" target="_top">FTP
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">mirrors</span>&#8221;</span>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in the
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html" target="_top">FTP
Sites</a> section of the Handbook.
Finding a close (in networking terms) mirror from which to
download the distribution is highly recommended.</p><p>Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact
<code class="email">&lt;<a xmlns="" class="email" href="mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</code> for more details on
download the distribution is highly recommended. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="email">&lt;<a xmlns="" class="email" href="mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</code> for more details on
becoming an official mirror site. You can also find useful
information for mirror sites at the <a class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/hubs/" target="_top">Mirroring
FreeBSD</a> article.</p><p>Mirrors generally contain the ISO images generally used to
information for mirror sites at the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/hubs/" target="_top">Mirroring
FreeBSD</a> article. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Mirrors generally contain the ISO images generally used to
create a CDROM of a FreeBSD release. They usually also contain
floppy disk images (for applicable platforms), as well as the
files necessary to do an installation over the network.
Finally mirrors sites usually contain a set of packages for
the most current release.</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="contacting"></a>3. Contacting the FreeBSD Project</h2></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61896400"></a>3.1. Email and Mailing Lists</h3></div></div></div><p>For any questions or general technical support issues,
please send mail to the <a class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions" target="_top">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</a>.</p><p>If you're tracking the 10.0-STABLE development efforts, you
<span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> join the <a class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-stable" target="_top">FreeBSD-STABLE mailing list</a>, in order to
the most current release. </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="contacting"></a>3. Contacting the FreeBSD Project</h2></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61901232"></a>3.1. Email and Mailing Lists</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">For any questions or general technical support issues,
please send mail to the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions" target="_top">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">If you're tracking the 10.0-STABLE development efforts, you
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> join the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-stable" target="_top">FreeBSD-STABLE mailing list</a>, in order to
keep abreast of recent developments and changes that may
affect the way you use and maintain the system.</p><p>Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD
affect the way you use and maintain the system. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD
Project is always happy to have extra hands willing to help&#8212;there are already far more desired enhancements than
there is time to implement them. To contact the developers on
technical matters, or with offers of help, please send mail to
the <a class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers" target="_top">FreeBSD technical discussions mailing list</a>.</p><p>Please note that these mailing lists can experience
<span class="emphasis"><em>significant</em></span> amounts of traffic. If you
the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers" target="_top">FreeBSD technical discussions mailing list</a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Please note that these mailing lists can experience
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="emphasis"><em>significant</em></span> amounts of traffic. If you
have slow or expensive mail access, or are only interested in
keeping up with major FreeBSD events, you may find it
preferable to subscribe instead to the <a class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce" target="_top">FreeBSD announcements mailing list</a>.</p><p>All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by anyone
wishing to do so. Visit the <a class="link" href="../../../../mailman/listinfo" target="_top">
preferable to subscribe instead to the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce" target="_top">FreeBSD announcements mailing list</a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by anyone
wishing to do so. Visit the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../mailman/listinfo" target="_top">
FreeBSD Mailman Info Page</a>. This will give you more
information on joining the various lists, accessing archives,
etc. There are a number of mailing lists targeted at special
interest groups not mentioned here; more information can be
obtained either from the Mailman pages or the <a class="link" href="../../../../support.html#mailing-list" target="_top">mailing
lists section</a> of the FreeBSD Web site.</p><div xmlns="" class="important"><h3 class="admontitle">Important: </h3><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> send email to the lists
obtained either from the Mailman pages or the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../support.html#mailing-list" target="_top">mailing
lists section</a> of the FreeBSD Web site. </p><div xmlns="" class="important"><h3 class="admontitle">Important: </h3><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Do <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> send email to the lists
asking to be subscribed. Use the Mailman interface
instead.</p></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61923792"></a>3.2. Submitting Problem Reports</h3></div></div></div><p>Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are
instead. </p></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61920176"></a>3.2. Submitting Problem Reports</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are
always valued&#8212;please do not hesitate to report any
problems you may find. Bug reports with attached fixes are of
course even more welcome.</p><p>The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine
with Internet mail connectivity is to use the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>
course even more welcome. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine
with Internet mail connectivity is to use the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>
command.
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Problem Reports</span>&#8221;</span> (PRs) submitted in this way
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Problem Reports</span>&#8221;</span> (PRs) submitted in this way
will be filed and their progress tracked; the FreeBSD developers
will do their best to respond to all reported bugs as soon as
possible. <a class="link" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" target="_top">A list
possible. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" target="_top">A list
of all active PRs</a> is available on the FreeBSD Web site;
this list is useful to see what potential problems other users
have encountered.</p><p>Note that <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> itself is a shell script that
have encountered. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Note that <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> itself is a shell script that
should be easy to move even onto a non-FreeBSD system. Using
this interface is highly preferred. If, for some reason, you
are unable to use <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> to submit a bug report, you
can try to send it to the <a class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-bugs" target="_top">FreeBSD problem reports mailing list</a>.</p><p>For more information, <a class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/" target="_top"><span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Writing
are unable to use <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> to submit a bug report, you
can try to send it to the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-bugs" target="_top">FreeBSD problem reports mailing list</a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">For more information, <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/" target="_top"><span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Writing
FreeBSD Problem Reports</span>&#8221;</span></a>, available on the FreeBSD Web
site, has a number of helpful hints on writing and submitting
effective problem reports.</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="seealso"></a>4. Further Reading</h2></div></div></div><p>There are many sources of information about FreeBSD; some are
effective problem reports. </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="seealso"></a>4. Further Reading</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">There are many sources of information about FreeBSD; some are
included with this distribution, while others are available
on-line or in print versions.</p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="release-docs"></a>4.1. Release Documentation</h3></div></div></div><p>A number of other files provide more specific information
about this snapshot distribution. These files are
on-line or in print versions. </p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="release-docs"></a>4.1. Release Documentation</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A number of other files provide more specific information
about this release distribution. These files are
provided in various formats. Most distributions will include
both ASCII text (<code class="filename">.TXT</code>) and HTML
(<code class="filename">.HTM</code>) renditions. Some distributions
both ASCII text (<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">.TXT</code>) and HTML
(<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">.HTM</code>) renditions. Some distributions
may also include other formats such as Portable Document Format
(<code class="filename">.PDF</code>).
(<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">.PDF</code>).
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">README.TXT</code>: This file, which
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">README.TXT</code>: This file, which
gives some general information about FreeBSD as well as
some cursory notes about obtaining a
distribution.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">RELNOTES.TXT</code>: The release
distribution. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">RELNOTES.TXT</code>: The release
notes, showing what's new and different in FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE compared to the previous release (FreeBSD
10.0-CURRENT).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">HARDWARE.TXT</code>: The hardware
9.2-RELEASE). </p></li><li class="listitem"><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">HARDWARE.TXT</code>: The hardware
compatibility list, showing devices with which FreeBSD has
been tested and is known to work.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">ERRATA.TXT</code>: Release errata.
been tested and is known to work. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">ERRATA.TXT</code>: Release errata.
Late-breaking, post-release information can be found in
this file, which is principally applicable to releases
(as opposed to snapshots). It is important to consult
this file before installing a release of FreeBSD, as it
contains the latest information on problems which have
been found and fixed since the release was
created.</p></li></ul></div><p>
</p><p>On platforms that support <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> (currently
created. </p></li></ul></div>
</p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">On platforms that support <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> (currently
amd64, i386, ia64, pc98, and sparc64), these documents are generally available via the
Documentation menu during installation. Once the system is
installed, you can revisit this menu by re-running the
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> utility.</p><div xmlns="" class="note"><h3 class="admontitle">Note: </h3><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">It is extremely important to read the errata for any
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> utility. </p><div xmlns="" class="note"><h3 class="admontitle">Note: </h3><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">It is extremely important to read the errata for any
given release before installing it, to learn about any
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late-breaking news</span>&#8221;</span> or post-release problems.
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late-breaking news</span>&#8221;</span> or post-release problems.
The errata file accompanying each release (most likely right
next to this file) is already out of date by definition, but
other copies are kept updated on the Internet and should be
consulted as the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">current errata</span>&#8221;</span> for this
consulted as the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">current errata</span>&#8221;</span> for this
release. These other copies of the errata are located at
<code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../releases/" target="_top">../../../../releases/</a></code> (as
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="../../../../releases/" target="_top">../../../../releases/</a></code> (as
well as any sites which keep up-to-date mirrors of this
location).</p></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61998288"></a>4.2. Manual Pages</h3></div></div></div><p>As with almost all <span class="trademark">UNIX</span>® like operating systems, FreeBSD comes
location). </p></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61994288"></a>4.2. Manual Pages</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">As with almost all <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="trademark">UNIX</span>® like operating systems, FreeBSD comes
with a set of on-line manual pages, accessed through the
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">man</span>(1)</span></a> command or through the <a class="link" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" target="_top">hypertext manual
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">man</span>(1)</span></a> command or through the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" target="_top">hypertext manual
pages gateway</a> on the FreeBSD Web site. In general, the
manual pages provide information on the different commands and
APIs available to the FreeBSD user.</p><p>In some cases, manual pages are written to give
APIs available to the FreeBSD user. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">In some cases, manual pages are written to give
information on particular topics. Notable examples of such
manual pages are <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tuning</span>(7)</span></a> (a guide to performance tuning),
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">security</span>(7)</span></a> (an introduction to FreeBSD security), and
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&amp;sektion=9"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">style</span>(9)</span></a> (a style guide to kernel coding).</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp62012880"></a>4.3. Books and Articles</h3></div></div></div><p>Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related information,
manual pages are <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tuning</span>(7)</span></a> (a guide to performance tuning),
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">security</span>(7)</span></a> (an introduction to FreeBSD security), and
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&amp;sektion=9"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">style</span>(9)</span></a> (a style guide to kernel coding). </p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp62017072"></a>4.3. Books and Articles</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related information,
maintained by the FreeBSD Project,
are the FreeBSD Handbook and FreeBSD FAQ (Frequently Asked
Questions document). On-line versions of the <a class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">Handbook</a>
and <a class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a>
are always available from the <a class="link" href="../../../../docs.html" target="_top">FreeBSD Documentation
Questions document). On-line versions of the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">Handbook</a>
and <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a>
are always available from the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../docs.html" target="_top">FreeBSD Documentation
page</a> or its mirrors. If you install the
<code class="filename">doc</code> distribution set, you can use a Web
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">doc</code> distribution set, you can use a Web
browser to read the Handbook and FAQ locally. In particular,
note that the Handbook contains a step-by-step guide to
installing FreeBSD.</p><p>A number of on-line books and articles, also maintained by
installing FreeBSD. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A number of on-line books and articles, also maintained by
the FreeBSD Project, cover more-specialized, FreeBSD-related topics.
This material spans a wide range of topics, from effective use
of the mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other
operating systems, to guidelines for new committers. Like the
Handbook and FAQ, these documents are available from the FreeBSD
Documentation Page or in the <code class="filename">doc</code>
distribution set.</p><p>A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD can be
found in the <a class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html" target="_top">bibliography</a>
of the FreeBSD Handbook. Because of FreeBSD's strong <span class="trademark">UNIX</span>® heritage,
many other articles and books written for <span class="trademark">UNIX</span>® systems are
Documentation Page or in the <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">doc</code>
distribution set. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD can be
found in the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html" target="_top">bibliography</a>
of the FreeBSD Handbook. Because of FreeBSD's strong <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="trademark">UNIX</span>® heritage,
many other articles and books written for <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="trademark">UNIX</span>® systems are
applicable as well, some of which are also listed in the
bibliography.</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="acknowledgements"></a>5. Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div><p>FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds, if not
bibliography. </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="acknowledgements"></a>5. Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds, if not
thousands, of individuals from around the world who have worked
countless hours to bring about this snapshot. For a
countless hours to bring about this release. For a
complete list of FreeBSD developers and contributors, please see
<a class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/" target="_top"><span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Contributors
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/" target="_top"><span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Contributors
to FreeBSD</span>&#8221;</span></a> on the FreeBSD Web site or any of its
mirrors.</p><p>Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD users
and testers all over the world, without whom this snapshot
simply would not have been possible.</p></div></div></body></html>
mirrors. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD users
and testers all over the world, without whom this release
simply would not have been possible. </p></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents,
can be downloaded from <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a>.</small></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before
contacting &lt;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</small></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>All users of FreeBSD release should
subscribe to the &lt;<a href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;
mailing list.</small></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation,
e-mail &lt;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</small></p></body></html>

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@ -1,243 +1,241 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the 10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp60654928"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2000-2014 The FreeBSD Documentation
Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
the FreeBSD Foundation.</p><p>IBM, AIX, OS/2,
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the 10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61497008"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2013-2014 The FreeBSD Documentation
Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
the FreeBSD Foundation. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">IBM, AIX, OS/2,
PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are
trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the
United States, other countries, or both.</p><p>IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered
United States, other countries, or both. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered
trademarks of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc. in the United States.</p><p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386,
Inc. in the United States. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386,
i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United
States and other countries.</p><p>SPARC, SPARC64, and
States and other countries. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">SPARC, SPARC64, and
UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc in the United
States and other countries. SPARC International, Inc owns all of the
SPARC trademarks and under licensing agreements allows the proper use
of these trademarks by its members.</p><p>Many of the designations used by
of these trademarks by its members. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Many of the designations used by
manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed
as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document,
and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the
designations have been followed by the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">&#8482;</span>&#8221;</span> or the
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">®</span>&#8221;</span> symbol.</p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-14 by delphij.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p>The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain
designations have been followed by the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">&#8482;</span>&#8221;</span> or the
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">®</span>&#8221;</span> symbol. </p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-14 by hrs.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain
a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the
10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists
applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and
userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
presented.</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#new">2. What's New</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#upgrade">3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
presented. </p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#new">2. What's New</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#upgrade">3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE. It describes recently added, changed, or
deleted features of FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on
upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p><p>The latest, up-to-date version of the release notes are
available online at <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html</a></code>.</p><p>The snapshot distribution to
which these release notes apply represents a point along the
10.0-STABLE development branch between 10.0-CURRENT and the
future 10.1-RELEASE. Information regarding pre-built, binary
snapshot distributions along this branch can be found at
<code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a></code>.</p><p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The latest, up-to-date version of the release notes are
available online at <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html</a></code>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This distribution of FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be
found at <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a></code> or
any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other)
release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html" target="_top"><span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Obtaining
FreeBSD</span>&#8221;</span> appendix</a> to the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
installing FreeBSD. The errata document is updated with
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late-breaking</span>&#8221;</span> information discovered late in the
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late-breaking</span>&#8221;</span> information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="new"></a>2. What's New</h2></div></div></div><p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed
features in FreeBSD since 10.0-CURRENT. In general, changes
described here are unique to the 10.0-STABLE branch unless
specifically marked as MERGED features.</p><p>Typical release note items document recent security advisories
issued after 10.0-CURRENT, new drivers or hardware support, new
10.0-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site. </p></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="new"></a>2. What's New</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This section describes the most user-visible new or changed
features in FreeBSD since 9.2-RELEASE. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Typical release note items document recent security advisories
issued after 9.2-RELEASE, new drivers or hardware support, new
commands or options, major bug fixes, or contributed software
upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot
list every single change made to FreeBSD between releases; this
document focuses primarily on security advisories, user-visible
changes, and major architectural improvements.</p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="security"></a>2.1. Security Advisories</h3></div></div></div><p>Problems described in the following security advisories have
changes, and major architectural improvements. </p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="security"></a>2.1. Security Advisories</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Problems described in the following security advisories have
been fixed. For more information, consult the individual
advisories available from
<a class="link" href="http://security.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Security Information</a>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Advisory</th><th>Date</th><th>Topic</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-13:14.openssh.asc" target="_top">SA-13:14.openssh</a></td><td>19 November 2013</td><td><p>OpenSSH AES-GCM memory corruption
vulnerability</p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:01.bsnmpd.asc" target="_top">SA-14:01.bsnmpd</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p>bsnmpd remote denial of service vulnerability</p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:02.ntpd.asc" target="_top">SA-14:02.ntpd</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p>ntpd distributed reflection Denial of Service vulnerability</p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:03.openssl.asc" target="_top">SA-14:03.openssl</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p>OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities</p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:04.bind.asc" target="_top">SA-14:04.bind</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p>BIND remote denial of service vulnerability</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel"></a>2.2. Kernel Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>The use of unmapped VMIO buffers
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://security.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Security Information</a>. </p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Advisory</th><th>Date</th><th>Topic</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-13:14.openssh.asc" target="_top">SA-13:14.openssh</a></td><td>19 November 2013</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">OpenSSH AES-GCM memory corruption
vulnerability </p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:01.bsnmpd.asc" target="_top">SA-14:01.bsnmpd</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">bsnmpd remote denial of service vulnerability </p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:02.ntpd.asc" target="_top">SA-14:02.ntpd</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">ntpd distributed reflection Denial of Service vulnerability </p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:03.openssl.asc" target="_top">SA-14:03.openssl</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities </p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:04.bind.asc" target="_top">SA-14:04.bind</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">BIND remote denial of service vulnerability </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel"></a>2.2. Kernel Changes</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The use of unmapped VMIO buffers
eliminates the need to perform TLB shootdown for mapping on
buffer creation and reuse, greatly reducing the amount of IPIs
for shootdown on big-SMP machines and eliminating up to 25-30%
of the system time on i/o intensive workloads.</p><p>The maximum amount of memory
of the system time on i/o intensive workloads. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=248508">[r248508]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64] The maximum amount of memory
the FreeBSD kernel can address has been increased from 1TB to
4TB.</p><p>A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&amp;sektion=2"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(2)</span></a> API has been added for thread to CPU
4TB. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=254466">[r254466]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A new <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&amp;sektion=2"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(2)</span></a> API has been added for thread to CPU
binding and CPU resource grouping and assignment. The
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(1)</span></a> userland utility has been added to allow
manipulation of processor sets.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> kernel debugger now has an
output capture facility. Input and output from <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> can
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(1)</span></a> userland utility has been added to allow
manipulation of processor sets. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> kernel debugger now has an
output capture facility. Input and output from <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> can
now be captured to a memory buffer for later inspection using
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> or a textdump. The new
<code class="command">capture</code> command controls this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> debugger now supports a simple
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> or a textdump. The new
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="command">capture</code> command controls this feature. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> debugger now supports a simple
scripting facility, which supports a set of named scripts
consisting of a set of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands. These commands can
be managed from within <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> or with the use of the new
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(8)</span></a> utility. More details can be found in the
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> manual page.</p><p class="merged">The kernel now supports a new textdump format
consisting of a set of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands. These commands can
be managed from within <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> or with the use of the new
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(8)</span></a> utility. More details can be found in the
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> manual page. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The kernel now supports a new textdump format
of kernel dumps. A textdump provides higher-level information
via mechanically generated/extracted debugging output, rather
than a simple memory dump. This facility can be used to
generate brief kernel bug reports that are rich in debugging
information, but are not dependent on kernel symbol tables or
precisely synchronized source code. More information can be
found in the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=textdump&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">textdump</span>(4)</span></a> manual page.</p><p>Kernel support for M:N threading has been removed. While
found in the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=textdump&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">textdump</span>(4)</span></a> manual page. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Kernel support for M:N threading has been removed. While
the KSE (Kernel Scheduled Entities) project was quite successful
in bringing threading to FreeBSD, the M:N approach taken by the
KSE library was never developed to its full potential.
Backwards compatibility for applications using KSE threading
will be provided via <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&amp;sektion=5"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a> for dynamically linked
will be provided via <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libmap.conf&amp;sektion=5"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libmap.conf</span>(5)</span></a> for dynamically linked
binaries. The FreeBSD Project greatly appreciates the work of
Julian Elischer, Daniel Eischen, and David Xu on KSE support.</p><p>The FreeBSD kernel now exports information about certain kernel
features via the <code class="varname">kern.features</code> sysctl tree.
The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=feature_present&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">feature_present</span>(3)</span></a> library call provides a convenient
Julian Elischer, Daniel Eischen, and David Xu on KSE support. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The FreeBSD kernel now exports information about certain kernel
features via the <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="varname">kern.features</code> sysctl tree.
The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=feature_present&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">feature_present</span>(3)</span></a> library call provides a convenient
interface for user applications to test the presence of
features.</p><p>The FreeBSD kernel now has support for large
memory page mappings (<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">superpages</span>&#8221;</span>).</p><p class="merged">The ULE
features. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64] The FreeBSD kernel now has support for large
memory page mappings (<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">superpages</span>&#8221;</span>). </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386,ia64,powerpc] The ULE
scheduler is now the default process scheduler
in <code class="filename">GENERIC</code> kernels.</p><p>Support was added for
in <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">GENERIC</code> kernels. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] Support was added for
the new Intel on-CPU Bull Mountain random number
generator, found on IvyBridge and supposedly later CPUs,
accessible with the RDRAND instruction.</p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-virtualization"></a>2.2.1. Virtualization support</h4></div></div></div><p>The BSD Hypervisor,
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> is included with FreeBSD. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> requires
accessible with the RDRAND instruction. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=240135">[r240135]</a></p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-virtualization"></a>2.2.1. Virtualization support</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64] The BSD Hypervisor,
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> is included with FreeBSD. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> requires
Intel CPUs with VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT) support.
These features are on all Nehalem models and beyond (e.g.
Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> support has been added.
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> is the name for the paravirtualization
Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=245652">[r245652]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> support has been added.
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> is the name for the paravirtualization
interface developed for the Linux KVM, but since adopted to
other virtual machine hypervisors (with the notable exception
of Xen). This work brings in a BSD-licensed clean-room
implementation of the virtio kernel drivers for disk IO
(<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_blk&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_blk</span>(4)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_scsi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_scsi</span>(4)</span></a>), network IO
(<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vtnet&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vtnet</span>(4)</span></a>), memory ballooning (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_balloon&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_balloon</span>(4)</span></a>),
(<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_blk&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_blk</span>(4)</span></a> and <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_scsi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_scsi</span>(4)</span></a>), network IO
(<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vtnet&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vtnet</span>(4)</span></a>), memory ballooning (<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_balloon&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_balloon</span>(4)</span></a>),
and PCI. Tested with on Qemu/KVM, VirtualBox, and
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(4)</span></a>.</p><p>Paravirtualized
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(4)</span></a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=227652">[r227652]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] Paravirtualized
drivers which support Microsoft Hyper-V have been imported and
made part of the amd64 GENERIC kernel. For i386, these
drivers are not part of GENERIC, so the following lines must
be added to <code class="filename">/boot/loader.conf</code> to load
these drivers:</p><pre class="programlisting">hv_ata_pci_disengage_load="YES"
be added to <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/boot/loader.conf</code> to load
these drivers: <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255524">[r255524]</a></p><pre class="programlisting">hv_ata_pci_disengage_load="YES"
hv_netsvc_load="YES"
hv_utils_load="YES"
hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p>Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to the
i386 kernel by adding <code class="literal">device hyperv</code> to the
hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to the
i386 kernel by adding <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">device hyperv</code> to the
kernel config, and then recompiling the kernel. Please refer
to <a class="link" href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/HyperV" target="_top">FreeBSD
to <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/HyperV" target="_top">FreeBSD
and Microsoft Windows Server Hyper-V support</a> for full
instructions on how to set up Hyper-V support under
FreeBSD.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added.
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> is a VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver ported from
OpenBSD.</p><p>Xen PVHVM
virtualization is now part of the GENERIC kernel.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-arm"></a>2.2.2. ARM support</h4></div></div></div><p>Raspberry PI support has been added.
Refer to these <a class="link" href="http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=164" target="_top">setup
instructions</a> and this <a class="link" href="http://www.raspberrypi.org/quick-start-guide" target="_top">quick
start guide</a>.</p><p>The default ABI on ARM is now the ARM
FreeBSD. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added.
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> is a VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver ported from
OpenBSD. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=254738">[r254738]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] Xen PVHVM
virtualization is now part of the GENERIC kernel. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255744">[r255744]</a></p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-arm"></a>2.2.2. ARM support</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Raspberry PI support has been added.
Refer to these <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=164" target="_top">setup
instructions</a> and this <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://www.raspberrypi.org/quick-start-guide" target="_top">quick
start guide</a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=239922">[r239922]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The default ABI on ARM is now the ARM
EABI. This brings a number of improvements and allows future
support for VFP and Thumb-2.</p><p>ARM support has been greatly improved,
support for VFP and Thumb-2. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=253396">[r253396]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">ARM support has been greatly improved,
including support for ARMv6 and ARMv7, SMP and thread-local
storage (TLS). Additionally support for some newer SoC like
the MV78x60 and OMAP4 was added. See the <a class="link" href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arm/2012-August/003757.html" target="_top">announcement</a>
for further details.</p><p>Superpages support on ARM has been
the MV78x60 and OMAP4 was added. See the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arm/2012-August/003757.html" target="_top">announcement</a>
for further details. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=239268">[r239268]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Superpages support on ARM has been
added. Superpages support provides improved performance and
scalability by allowing TLB translations to dynamically cover
large physical memory regions. All ARMv6 and ARMv7-based
platforms can take advantage of this feature. See the <a class="link" href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ARMSuperpages" target="_top">ARM
Superpages status</a> page for further details.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="boot"></a>2.2.3. Boot Loader Changes</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The BTX kernel used by the
platforms can take advantage of this feature. See the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ARMSuperpages" target="_top">ARM
Superpages status</a> page for further details. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=254918">[r254918]</a></p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="boot"></a>2.2.3. Boot Loader Changes</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] The BTX kernel used by the
boot loader has been changed to invoke BIOS routines from real
mode. This change makes it possible to boot FreeBSD from USB
devices.</p><p class="merged">A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gptboot&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gptboot</span>(8)</span></a> boot
devices. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] A new <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gptboot&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gptboot</span>(8)</span></a> boot
loader has been added to support booting from a GPT labeled
disk. A new <code class="command">boot</code> command has been added to
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpart&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gpart</span>(8)</span></a>, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the
disk. A new <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="command">boot</code> command has been added to
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpart&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gpart</span>(8)</span></a>, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the
required bits of the boot loader, creating a new boot
partition if required.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="proc"></a>2.2.4. Hardware Support</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for Omnikey
CardMan 4040 PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports the Colemak
keyboard layout.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uslcom&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">uslcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for
partition if required. </p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="proc"></a>2.2.4. Hardware Support</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for Omnikey
CardMan 4040 PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports the Colemak
keyboard layout. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uslcom&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">uslcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for
Silicon Laboratories CP2101/CP2102-based USB serial adapters,
has been imported from OpenBSD.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="mm"></a>2.2.4.1. Multimedia Support</h5></div></div></div><p>Support for version 2.0 of the USB
has been imported from OpenBSD. </p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="mm"></a>2.2.4.1. Multimedia Support</h5></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for version 2.0 of the USB
Audio reference design has been added. New devices should
support higher bandwidth, increased sampling frequency and
wider dynamic range.</p></div><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-if"></a>2.2.4.2. Network Interface Support</h5></div></div></div><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ale&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ale</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide support
wider dynamic range. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=240609">[r240609]</a></p></div><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-if"></a>2.2.4.2. Network Interface Support</h5></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ale&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ale</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide support
for Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit/Fast Ethernet
controllers.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been split into two drivers
with some common parts. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver will continue
controllers. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been split into two drivers
with some common parts. The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver will continue
to support adapters up to the 82575, as well as new
client/desktop adapters. A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=igb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">igb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
will support new server adapters.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jme&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">jme</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide support
client/desktop adapters. A new <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=igb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">igb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
will support new server adapters. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jme&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">jme</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide support
for PCIe network adapters based on JMicron JMC250 Gigabit
Ethernet and JMC260 Fast Ethernet controllers.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malo&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">malo</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide
Ethernet and JMC260 Fast Ethernet controllers. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=malo&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">malo</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide
support for Marvell Libertas 88W8335 based PCI network
adapters.</p><p>The firmware for the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mxge&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">mxge</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
updated from 1.4.25 to 1.4.29.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to improve its
adapters. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The firmware for the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mxge&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">mxge</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
updated from 1.4.25 to 1.4.29. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to improve its
performance and to add support for checksum offloading. It
should also work on all architectures.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to fix a
should also work on all architectures. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to fix a
number of issues. This driver now has Wake On LAN (WOL)
support.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to fix a
support. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to fix a
number of outstanding issues. It also now works on all
architectures.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">wpi</span>(4)</span></a> driver has
been updated to include a number of stability fixes.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cxgbe&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
architectures. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">wpi</span>(4)</span></a> driver has
been updated to include a number of stability fixes. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cxgbe&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
updated to support 40G/10G Ethernet NICs based on Chelsio's
Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC.</p><p>The iw_cxgbe driver has been
Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=248925">[r248925]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The iw_cxgbe driver has been
added. This is an experimental iWARP/RDMA driver (kernel
verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards.</p><p>The Open Fabrics Enterprise
verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=256694">[r256694]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The Open Fabrics Enterprise
Distribution (OFED) and OFED Infiniband core has been
updated to the same version as supplied by Linux version
3.7</p><p>The Mellanox Infiniband driver has
3.7 <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255932">[r255932]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The Mellanox Infiniband driver has
been updated to firmware version 2.30.3200 for ConnectX3
NICs. Support has been added for ConnectX3 VPI NICs, where
each port can be used as Infiniband 56 GB/s or Ethernet 40
GB/s. Support has been added for dynamically loading kernel
modules for Infiniband core (ibcore) and IP over Infiniband
(ipoib).</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> has been added.
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> is a framework for high-performance
(ipoib). <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255932">[r255932]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> has been added.
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> is a framework for high-performance
direct-to-hardware packet IO, offering low latency and high
PPS rates to userland applications while bypassing any
kernel-side packet processing. With <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> it is
kernel-side packet processing. With <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> it is
trivially possible to fully saturate a 10 Gbps network
interface with minimal packet sizes. For more information,
see: <a class="link" href="http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/" target="_top">Netmap
Project</a>.</p></div></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-proto"></a>2.2.5. Network Protocols</h4></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> has been rewritten to make
see: <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/" target="_top">Netmap
Project</a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=227614">[r227614]</a></p></div></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-proto"></a>2.2.5. Network Protocols</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> has been rewritten to make
addresses more sane from the viewpoint of routing daemons such
as quagga/zebra. It also brings support for a single redundant
address on the subnet (carpdev), switching state with
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, better locking and using modern kernel
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, better locking and using modern kernel
interfaces to allocate multicast memberships. Configuration
of the CARP protocol via <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has changed, as well
as the format of CARP events submitted to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">devd</span>(8)</span></a>. See
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> for more information. The arpbalance feature of
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> is currently not supported anymore.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pf</span>(4)</span></a> firewall now supports
of the CARP protocol via <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has changed, as well
as the format of CARP events submitted to <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">devd</span>(8)</span></a>. See
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> for more information. The arpbalance feature of
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> is currently not supported anymore. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=228571">[r228571]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pf</span>(4)</span></a> firewall now supports
fine-grain locking and better utilization on multi-CPU
machines, resulting in significant improvements in
performance.</p><p>Support for up to 65536 routing tables
has been introduced.</p><p>Support for setting/matching
performance. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=240233">[r240233]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for up to 65536 routing tables
has been introduced. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=250700">[r250700]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for setting/matching
differentiated services codepoints (DSCP) in IP header has
been added to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="disks"></a>2.2.6. Disks and Storage</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports volumes
larger than 2TB in size.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports a spindown command for
been added to <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=248552">[r248552]</a></p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="disks"></a>2.2.6. Disks and Storage</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports volumes
larger than 2TB in size. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports a spindown command for
disks; after a configurable amount of time, if no requests
have been received for a disk, the disk will be spun down
until the next request. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a> utility now
supports a <code class="command">spindown</code> command to configure
this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptrr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">hptrr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been updated to
version 1.2 from Highpoint.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvme&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvme</span>(4)</span></a> has been added and provides
until the next request. The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a> utility now
supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="command">spindown</code> command to configure
this feature. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptrr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">hptrr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been updated to
version 1.2 from Highpoint. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvme&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvme</span>(4)</span></a> has been added and provides
NVM Express support. NVM Express is an optimized register
interface, command set and feature set of PCI Express
(PCIe)-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs). For more information,
see <a class="link" href="http://www.nvmexpress.org/" target="_top">nvmexpress.org</a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs"></a>2.2.7. File Systems</h4></div></div></div><p>A new kernel-based iSCSI target and
initiator has been added.</p><p>UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">growfs</span>(8)</span></a> while mounted read-write. This is especially
see <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://www.nvmexpress.org/" target="_top">nvmexpress.org</a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=240616">[r240616]</a></p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs"></a>2.2.7. File Systems</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A new kernel-based iSCSI target and
initiator has been added. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255570">[r255570]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">growfs</span>(8)</span></a> while mounted read-write. This is especially
useful for virtual machines, allowing the addition of more
harddrive space without interruption of service.</p><p>A state of the art FUSE implementation
harddrive space without interruption of service. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=243246">[r243246]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A state of the art FUSE implementation
is now part of the base system. It allows the use of nearly
all fusefs file systems.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs-zfs"></a>2.2.7.1. ZFS</h5></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now supports installing
all fusefs file systems. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=241519">[r241519]</a></p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs-zfs"></a>2.2.7.1. ZFS</h5></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now supports installing
ZFS on the root file system. It includes a single
configuration menu that allows you to select all of the
required details, including which drives to use, what ZFS
RAID level to use (taking into consideration the selected
number of drives), GPT or MBR, GELI encryption, forcing 4K
sectors, pool name, etc.</p><p>TRIM support has been added for
ZFS.</p><p>Support for the high-performance LZ4
sectors, pool name, etc. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=">[r]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">TRIM support has been added for
ZFS. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=240868">[r240868]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for the high-performance LZ4
compression algorithm has been added to ZFS. LZ4 is usually
faster and can achieve a higher compression ratio than LZJB,
the default compression algorithm.</p><p>Support for L2ARC compression has been
added to ZFS.</p><p>The zio nop-write improvement from
the default compression algorithm. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=246586">[r246586]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for L2ARC compression has been
added to ZFS. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=252140">[r252140]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The zio nop-write improvement from
Illumos was imported into FreeBSD. To reduce I/O, nop-write
skips overwriting data if the (cryptographically secure)
checksum of new data matches the checksum of existing data.
@ -249,152 +247,171 @@ hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p>Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to t
for data that has not changed. This will reduce I/O as well
as space usage because if the old block is referenced by
a snapshot, both copies of the block are kept even though
both contain the same data.</p></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="userland"></a>2.3. Userland Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>On platforms where <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> is the default
both contain the same data. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=243524">[r243524]</a></p></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="userland"></a>2.3. Userland Changes</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">On platforms where <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> is the default
system compiler (such as i386, amd64, arm), GCC and GNU libstdc++ are no
longer built by default. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and libc++ from LLVM are used on
longer built by default. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and libc++ from LLVM are used on
these platforms by instead. GCC 4.2.1 and libstdc++ are still built
and used by default on pc98 and all other platforms where <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a>
is not the default system compiler.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and llvm have been updated to
version 3.3 release. Please refer to <a class="link" href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html" target="_top">
Clang 3.3 Release Notes</a>.</p><p class="merged">BIND has been replaced by
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unbound&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">unbound</span>(8)</span></a> for local DNS resolution in the base system.
and used by default on pc98 and all other platforms where <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a>
is not the default system compiler. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255321">[r255321]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and llvm have been updated to
version 3.3 release. Please refer to <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html" target="_top">
Clang 3.3 Release Notes</a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=251662">[r251662]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">BIND</span> has been
removed from the base system. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unbound&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">unbound</span>(8)</span></a>, which is
maintained by NLnet Labs, has been imported to support local DNS
resolution functionality with DNSSEC. Note that it is not a
replacement of <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">BIND</span> and the latest
versions of <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">BIND</span> is still available
in the Ports Collection.
With this change, nslookup and dig are no longer a part of the
base system. Users should instead use <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=host&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=drill&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">drill</span>(1)</span></a> Alternatively, nslookup and dig can be obtained by
installing the dns/bind-tools port.</p><p>sysinstall has been removed from the base
base system. Users should instead use <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=host&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=drill&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">drill</span>(1)</span></a> Alternatively, nslookup and dig can be obtained by
installing <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">dns/bind-tools</code> port. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255949">[r255949]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">sysinstall has been removed from the base
system. Auxiliary libraries and tools used by sysinstall such
as libdisk, libftpio, and sade have also been removed.
sysinstall has been replaced by <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> and
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-version&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-version</span>(1)</span></a> has been added.
sysinstall has been replaced by <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> and
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=225937">[r225937]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-version&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-version</span>(1)</span></a> has been added.
This tool makes a best effort to determine the version and patch
level of the installed kernel and userland.</p><p>GNU patch has been removed from the base
system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">patch</span>(1)</span></a>
program.</p><p>GNU sort has been removed from the base
system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sort</span>(1)</span></a>
program.</p><p>Berkely yacc (byacc) has been imported
from <a class="link" href="http://invisible-island.net/byacc/" target="_top">invisible
level of the installed kernel and userland. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=256106">[r256106]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">GNU patch has been removed from the base
system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">patch</span>(1)</span></a>
program. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255191">[r255191]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">GNU sort has been removed from the base
system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sort</span>(1)</span></a>
program. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=241511">[r241511]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Berkely yacc (byacc) has been imported
from <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://invisible-island.net/byacc/" target="_top">invisible
island</a>. This brings bison compatibilities to
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a> while preserving full backwards compatibility with
previous version of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lex&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lex</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced by flex
2.5.37.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced with the
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Portable</span>&#8221;</span> BSD make tool (bmake) from
NetBSD.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code class="option">-M</code> option to set the mode of a new user's
home directory.</p><p>BSD-licensed versions of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ar</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ranlib&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ranlib</span>(1)</span></a>,
based on <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, have replaced the GNU Binutils
versions of these utilities.</p><p>BSD-licensed versions of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bc</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dc</span>(1)</span></a> have
replaced their GNU counterparts.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> now supports
a <code class="option">-v</code> flag for verbose output and
a <code class="option">-f</code> flag to ignore errors with the same
semantics as (for example) <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chmod</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p>For compatibility with other implementations, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code class="option">-a</code> flag, which is equivalent to
specifying the <code class="option">-RrP</code> flags.</p><p>BSD-licensed version of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> based on
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, has replaced the GNU cpio. Note that the
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a> while preserving full backwards compatibility with
previous version of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=235723">[r235723]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lex&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lex</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced by flex
2.5.37. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=250881">[r250881]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced with the
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Portable</span>&#8221;</span> BSD make tool (bmake) from
NetBSD. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=250699">[r250699]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-M</code> option to set the mode of a new user's
home directory. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">BSD-licensed versions of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ar</span>(1)</span></a> and <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ranlib&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ranlib</span>(1)</span></a>,
based on <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, have replaced the GNU Binutils
versions of these utilities. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">BSD-licensed versions of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bc</span>(1)</span></a> and <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dc</span>(1)</span></a> have
replaced their GNU counterparts. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> now supports
a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-v</code> flag for verbose output and
a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-f</code> flag to ignore errors with the same
semantics as (for example) <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chmod</span>(1)</span></a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">For compatibility with other implementations, <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-a</code> flag, which is equivalent to
specifying the <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-RrP</code> flags. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">BSD-licensed version of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> based on
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, has replaced the GNU cpio. Note that the
GNU cpio is still installed as
<code class="filename">gcpio</code>.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=env&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">env</span>(1)</span></a> program now supports <code class="option">-u
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">gcpio</code>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=env&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">env</span>(1)</span></a> program now supports <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-u
<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code> which will completely
unset the given variable <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> by
unset the given variable <em xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> by
removing it from the environment, instead of just setting it to
a null value.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdopendir&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fdopendir</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been
added.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> library now supports HTTP
1.1 If-Modified-Since behavior. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(1)</span></a> program now
supports <code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>
a null value. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdopendir&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fdopendir</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been
added. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> library now supports HTTP
1.1 If-Modified-Since behavior. The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(1)</span></a> program now
supports <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>
which will only download the specified HTTP URL if the content
is newer than <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">find</span>(1)</span></a> has been enhanced by the addition of a number
is newer than <em xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">find</span>(1)</span></a> has been enhanced by the addition of a number
of primaries that were present in GNU find but not FreeBSD
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">find</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a new <code class="command">add-kld</code>
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">find</span>(1)</span></a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a new <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="command">add-kld</code>
command to make it easier to debug crash dumps with kernel
modules.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ls</span>(1)</span></a> program now supports a <code class="option">-D</code>
modules. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ls</span>(1)</span></a> program now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-D</code>
option to specify a date format string to be used with the long
format (<code class="option">-l</code>) output.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nc</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-O</code> switch to
disable the use of TCP options.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nc</span>(1)</span></a>'s <code class="option">-o</code> switch has been deprecated.
It will be removed in a future release.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping6&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ping6</span>(8)</span></a> utility now returns <code class="literal">2</code>
format (<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-l</code>) output. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nc</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-O</code> switch to
disable the use of TCP options. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nc</span>(1)</span></a>'s <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-o</code> switch has been deprecated.
It will be removed in a future release. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping6&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ping6</span>(8)</span></a> utility now returns <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">2</code>
when the packet transmission was successful but no responses
were received (this is the same behavior as <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ping</span>(8)</span></a>).
It returned a non-zero value before this change.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procstat&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">procstat</span>(1)</span></a> utility has been added to display
detailed information about processes.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">realpath</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code class="option">-q</code> flag to suppress warnings; it now also
accepts multiple paths on its command line.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sh</span>(1)</span></a> has many bug fixes, some new features, and will
were received (this is the same behavior as <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ping</span>(8)</span></a>).
It returned a non-zero value before this change. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procstat&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">procstat</span>(1)</span></a> utility has been added to display
detailed information about processes. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">realpath</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-q</code> flag to suppress warnings; it now also
accepts multiple paths on its command line. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sh</span>(1)</span></a> has many bug fixes, some new features, and will
now refuse to parse some invalid scripts. Additionally, it now
has filename completion and defaults to the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">emacs</span>&#8221;</span>
editing mode.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">split</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-n</code>
flag to split a file into a certain number of chunks.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-Z</code>
flag to enable <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">compress</span>(1)</span></a>-style
compression/decompression.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a
<code class="option">--numeric-owner</code> flag to ignore user/group names
on create and extract.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports the
<code class="option">-S</code> flag to sparsify files on extraction.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-s</code>
has filename completion and defaults to the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">emacs</span>&#8221;</span>
editing mode. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">split</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-n</code>
flag to split a file into a certain number of chunks. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-Z</code>
flag to enable <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">compress</span>(1)</span></a>-style
compression/decompression. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">--numeric-owner</code> flag to ignore user/group names
on create and extract. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports the
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-S</code> flag to sparsify files on extraction. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-s</code>
flag to substitute filenames based on the specified regular
expression.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcgetsid&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tcgetsid</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been added to
expression. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcgetsid&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tcgetsid</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been added to
return the process group ID for the session leader for the
controlling terminal. It is defined in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
(POSIX).</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">top</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-P</code> flag to
provide per-CPU usage statistics.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> is now working properly on 64-bit
architectures.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now has the ability to print the AS
number for each hop with the new <code class="option">-a</code> switch; a
new <code class="option">-A</code> option allows selecting a particular
WHOIS server.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute6&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute6</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-U</code> flag
(POSIX). </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">top</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-P</code> flag to
provide per-CPU usage statistics. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> is now working properly on 64-bit
architectures. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now has the ability to print the AS
number for each hop with the new <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-a</code> switch; a
new <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-A</code> option allows selecting a particular
WHOIS server. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute6&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute6</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-U</code> flag
to send probe packets with no upper-layer protocol, rather than
the usual UDP probe packets.</p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="rc-scripts"></a>2.3.1. <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d</code> Scripts</h4></div></div></div><p>The followoing <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> scripts have been added:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> Script</th><th>Function</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="filename">ctld</code></td><td><p>iSCSI target daemon startup
script</p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">iscsictl</code></td><td><p>iSCSI initiator management utility
startup script</p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">iscsid</code></td><td><p>iSCSI initiatior daemon startup
script</p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">kfd</code></td><td><p>Kerberos ticket forwarding daemon
startup script</p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">local_unbound</code></td><td><p>Unbound startup script for the local
caching resolver</p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">postrandom</code></td><td><p>Generates a new entropy file at system
boot</p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swap</code></td><td><p>Replaces <code class="filename">swap1</code>;
enable swap at system boot</p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swaplate</code></td><td><p>Enables swap with <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late</span>&#8221;</span>
set at system boot</p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">utx</code></td><td><p>User accounting database startup and
shutdown script</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The following <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> scripts have been removed:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> Script</th><th><p>Reason</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="filename">encswap</code></td><td><p>Replaced by <code class="filename">swap</code> and
<code class="filename">swaplate</code></p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">named</code></td><td><p>Removed with
<span class="application">BIND</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swap1</code></td><td><p>Replaced by <code class="filename">swap</code> and
<code class="filename">swaplate</code></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="contrib"></a>2.4. Contributed Software</h3></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jemalloc&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">jemalloc</span>(3)</span></a> has been updated to
3.4.0. See <a class="link" href="http://www.facebook.com/jemalloc/" target="_top">this
link</a> for more details.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">AMD</span> has been
updated from 6.0.10 to 6.1.5.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">awk</span> has been
the usual UDP probe packets. </p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="rc-scripts"></a>2.3.1. <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d</code> Scripts</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">rc.d/sendmail</code> now
generates and uses an SSL certificate by default when
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">sendmail_enable="YES"</code>. This will allow
remote MTA to use STARTTLS to encrypt incoming email. The
certification is signed with a key that is thrown away and is
not a substitute for generating your own properly if you need
to use STARTTLS authentication. Options to control the
certificate generation is documented in
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">rc.d/sendmail</code>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=256773">[r256773]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The followoing <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> scripts have been added: </p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> Script</th><th>Function</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="filename">ctld</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">iSCSI target daemon startup
script </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">iscsictl</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">iSCSI initiator management utility
startup script </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">iscsid</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">iSCSI initiatior daemon startup
script </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">kfd</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Kerberos ticket forwarding daemon
startup script </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">local_unbound</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Unbound startup script for the local
caching resolver </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">postrandom</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Generates a new entropy file at system
boot </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swap</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Replaces <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swap1</code>;
enable swap at system boot </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swaplate</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Enables swap with <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late</span>&#8221;</span>
set at system boot </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">utx</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">User accounting database startup and
shutdown script </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The following <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> scripts have been removed: </p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> Script</th><th><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Reason </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="filename">encswap</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Replaced by <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swap</code> and
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swaplate</code> </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">named</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Removed with
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">BIND</span> </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swap1</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Replaced by <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swap</code> and
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swaplate</code> </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="contrib"></a>2.4. Contributed Software</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jemalloc&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">jemalloc</span>(3)</span></a> has been updated to
3.4.0. See <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://www.facebook.com/jemalloc/" target="_top">this
link</a> for more details. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=251300">[r251300]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">AMD</span> has been
updated from 6.0.10 to 6.1.5. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">awk</span> has been
updated from the 1 May
2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">bzip2</span> has been
updated from 1.0.4 to 1.0.5.</p><p><span class="application">CVS</span> has been
2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">bzip2</span> has been
updated from 1.0.4 to 1.0.5. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">CVS</span> has been
removed from the base system, but is still available from Ports
Collection.</p><p>Subversion has been imported into the base
system and is installed as <span class="application">svnlite</span>.
<span class="application">svnlite</span> should only be used for
Collection. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=251794">[r251794]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Subversion has been imported into the base
system and is installed as <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">svnlite</span>.
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">svnlite</span> should only be used for
checking out the FreeBSD source trees and committing, and does not
replace the full Subversion port.</p><p><span class="application">file</span> has been
updated to 5.11.</p><p><span class="application">hostapd</span> has
been updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10.</p><p><span class="application">IPFilter</span> has been updated to
5.1.2.</p><p><span class="application">less</span> has been
updated to v458.</p><p><span class="application">ncurses</span> has been updated to
5.7-20081102.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">OpenSSH</span> has been
updated to 6.4.</p><p><span class="application">OpenPAM</span> has
been updated to the Micrampelis release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">sendmail</span> has been
updated from 8.14.1 to 8.14.7.</p><p class="merged">The timezone database has been updated from
the <span class="application">tzdata2008h</span> release to
the <span class="application">tzdata2009m</span> release.</p><p>The stdtime part of libc, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zic&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zic</span>(8)</span></a> have
been updated from the <span class="application">tzcode2004a</span>
release to the <span class="application">tzcode2009h</span> release.
replace the full Subversion port. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=251886">[r251886]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">file</span> has been
updated to 5.11. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=234449">[r234449]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">hostapd</span> has
been updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=252726">[r252726]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">IPFilter</span> has been updated to
5.1.2. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">less</span> has been
updated to v458. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=250592">[r250592]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">ncurses</span> has been updated to
5.7-20081102. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">OpenSSH</span> has been
updated to 6.4. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">OpenPAM</span> has
been updated to the Micrampelis release. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=236109">[r236109]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">sendmail</span> has been
updated from 8.14.1 to 8.14.7. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The timezone database has been updated from
the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">tzdata2008h</span> release to
the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">tzdata2009m</span> release. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The stdtime part of libc, <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> and <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zic&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zic</span>(8)</span></a> have
been updated from the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">tzcode2004a</span>
release to the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">tzcode2009h</span> release.
If you have upgraded from source or via the
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>, then please run <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tzsetup&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tzsetup</span>(8)</span></a> to
install a new <code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code>.</p><p><span class="application">WPA Supplicant</span>
has been updated to 2.0.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">xz</span> has been updated
from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated
to 2.1.2.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> supports wide-character
locales.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="ports"></a>2.5. Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</h3></div></div></div><p>The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete,
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>, then please run <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tzsetup&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tzsetup</span>(8)</span></a> to
install a new <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/etc/localtime</code>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">WPA Supplicant</span>
has been updated to 2.0. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=252726">[r252726]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">xz</span> has been updated
from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated
to 2.1.2. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=258231">[r258231]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> supports wide-character
locales. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=254225">[r254225]</a></p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="ports"></a>2.5. Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete,
pkg_info, pkg_updating, and pkg_version utilities have been
removed. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> must now be used to install binary
packages. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> is the next generation FreeBSD package
manager, also referred to as <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">pkgng</span>&#8221;</span>.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="releng"></a>2.6. Release Engineering and Integration</h3></div></div></div><p class="merged">The supported version of
the <span class="application">GNOME</span> desktop environment
(<span class="package">x11/gnome2</span>) has been
updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22.</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="upgrade"></a>3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p>Beginning with FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE, binary
removed. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> must now be used to install binary
packages. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> is the next generation FreeBSD package
manager, also referred to as <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">pkgng</span>&#8221;</span>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=257444">[r257444]</a></p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="releng"></a>2.6. Release Engineering and Integration</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The supported version of
the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">GNOME</span> desktop environment
(<a xmlns="" class="package" href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr">x11/gnome2</a>) has been
updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22. </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="upgrade"></a>3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] Beginning with FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE, binary
upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the various
security branches) are supported using the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>
security branches) are supported using the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>
utility. The binary upgrade procedure will update unmodified
userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC or SMP kernels
distributed as a part of an official FreeBSD release. The
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility requires that the host being
upgraded have Internet connectivity.</p><p>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the FreeBSD
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility requires that the host being
upgraded have Internet connectivity. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the FreeBSD
base system from source code) from previous versions are
supported, according to the instructions in
<code class="filename">/usr/src/UPDATING</code>.</p><div xmlns="" class="important"><h3 class="admontitle">Important: </h3><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after
backing up <span class="emphasis"><em>all</em></span> data and configuration
files.</p></div></div></div></body></html>
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/usr/src/UPDATING</code>. </p><div xmlns="" class="important"><h3 class="admontitle">Important: </h3><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after
backing up <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="emphasis"><em>all</em></span> data and configuration
files. </p></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents,
can be downloaded from <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a>.</small></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before
contacting &lt;<a href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</small></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>All users of FreeBSD release should
subscribe to the &lt;<a href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;
mailing list.</small></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation,
e-mail &lt;<a href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</small></p></body></html>