Cleanup a couple of igor warnings.

This file had a lot of long lines in it as well as redundant markup with
words. A few capitalizations were also fixed, except a few where it would
obscure the original meaning like groff.
This commit is contained in:
Benedict Reuschling 2019-03-23 04:50:01 +00:00
parent 54e3ba2ec7
commit 06e7dd44a0
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=52891

View file

@ -23,14 +23,21 @@
updated to reflect changes in FreeBSD system configuration
files by Mark Ovens <mark@ukug.uk.FreeBSD.org> 27/5/00
-->
<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="en">
<info><title>Fonts and FreeBSD</title><subtitle>A Tutorial</subtitle>
<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"
xml:lang="en">
<info>
<title>Fonts and FreeBSD</title>
<subtitle>A Tutorial</subtitle>
<authorgroup>
<author><personname><firstname>Dave</firstname><surname>Bodenstab</surname></personname><affiliation>
<author>
<personname>
<firstname>Dave</firstname>
<surname>Bodenstab</surname>
</personname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>imdave@synet.net</email>
</address>
@ -54,10 +61,12 @@
<abstract>
<para>This document contains a description of the various font
files that may be used with FreeBSD and the syscons driver,
<application>X11</application>, <application>Ghostscript</application>
and <application>Groff</application>. Cookbook examples are provided
for switching the syscons display to 80x60 mode, and for using
type 1 fonts with the above application programs.</para>
<application>X11</application>,
<application>Ghostscript</application> and
<application>Groff</application>. Cookbook examples are
provided for switching the syscons display to 80x60 mode, and
for using type 1 fonts with the above application
programs.</para>
</abstract>
</info>
@ -73,14 +82,15 @@
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="terminology">
<title>Basic terminology</title>
<title>Basic Terminology</title>
<para>There are many different font formats and associated font
file suffixes. A few that will be addressed here are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>.pfa</filename>, <filename>.pfb</filename></term>
<term>
<filename>.pfa</filename>, <filename>.pfb</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>&postscript; type 1 fonts. The
@ -126,7 +136,10 @@
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>.fon</filename>, <filename>.fnt</filename></term>
<term>
<filename>.fon</filename>,
<filename>.fnt</filename>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>Bitmapped screen fonts</para>
@ -134,7 +147,7 @@
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>The <filename>.fot</filename> file is used by &windows; as
<para>The <filename>.fot</filename> is used by &windows; as
sort of a symbolic link to the actual &truetype; font
(<filename>.ttf</filename>) file. The <filename>.fon</filename>
font files are also used by Windows. I know of no way to use
@ -142,7 +155,7 @@
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="font-formats">
<title>What font formats can I use?</title>
<title>What Font Formats Can I Use?</title>
<para>Which font file format is useful depends on the application
being used. FreeBSD by itself uses no fonts. Application
@ -225,16 +238,16 @@
they chose this suffix. Therefore, it is likely that files with
this suffix are not all the same format; specifically, the
<filename>.fnt</filename> files used by syscons under FreeBSD
may not be the same format as a <filename>.fnt</filename> file
one encounters in the &ms-dos;/&windows; environment. I have not
may not be the same format as a <filename>.fnt</filename> one
encounters in the &ms-dos;/&windows; environment. I have not
made any attempt at using other <filename>.fnt</filename> files
other than those provided with FreeBSD.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="virtual-console">
<title>Setting a virtual console to 80x60 line mode</title>
<title>Setting a Virtual Console to 80x60 Line Mode</title>
<para>First, an 8x8 font must be loaded. To do this,
<para>First, an 8x8 font must be loaded. To do this,
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> should contain the
line (change the font name to an appropriate one for
your locale):</para>
@ -252,40 +265,43 @@
<para>Various screen-oriented programs, such as &man.vi.1;, must
be able to determine the current screen dimensions. As this is
achieved this through <command>ioctl</command> calls to the console
driver (such as &man.syscons.4;) they will correctly determine the new
screen dimensions.</para>
achieved this through <command>ioctl</command> calls to the
console driver (such as &man.syscons.4;) they will correctly
determine the new screen dimensions.</para>
<para>To make this more seamless, one can embed these commands in
the startup scripts so it takes place when the system boots.
To do this is add this line to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
</para>
To do this is add this line to
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>allscreens_flags="VGA_80x60" # Set this vidcontrol mode for all virtual screens
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>allscreens_flags="VGA_80x60" # Set this vidcontrol mode for all virtual screens</programlisting>
</informalexample>
<para>References: &man.rc.conf.5;, &man.vidcontrol.1;.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="type1-fonts-x11">
<title>Using type 1 fonts with <application>X11</application></title>
<title>Using Type 1 Fonts with
<application>X11</application></title>
<para><application>X11</application> can use either the <filename>.pfa</filename> or the
<filename>.pfb</filename> format fonts. The <application>X11</application> fonts are
located in various subdirectories under
<para><application>X11</application> can use either the
<filename>.pfa</filename> or the
<filename>.pfb</filename> format fonts. The
<application>X11</application> fonts are located in various
subdirectories under
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</filename>. Each font file
is cross referenced to its <application>X11</application> name by the contents of the
<filename>fonts.dir</filename> file in each directory.</para>
is cross referenced to its <application>X11</application> name
by the contents of <filename>fonts.dir</filename> in each
directory.</para>
<para>There is already a directory named <filename>Type1</filename>. The
most straight forward way to add a new font is to put it into
this directory. A better way is to keep all new fonts in a
separate directory and use a symbolic link to the additional
font. This allows one to more easily keep track of ones fonts
without confusing them with the fonts that were originally
provided. For example:</para>
<para>There is already a directory named
<filename>Type1</filename>. The most straight forward way to
add a new font is to put it into this directory. A better way
is to keep all new fonts in a separate directory and use a
symbolic link to the additional font. This allows one to more
easily keep track of ones fonts without confusing them with the
fonts that were originally provided. For example:</para>
<informalexample>
<screen><lineannotation>Create a directory to contain the font files</lineannotation>
@ -302,9 +318,10 @@
&prompt.user; <userinput>echo showboat - InfoMagic CICA, Dec 1994, /fonts/atm/showboat &gt;&gt;INDEX</userinput></screen>
</informalexample>
<para>Now, to use a new font with <application>X11</application>, one must make the font file
available and update the font name files. The <application>X11</application> font names
look like:</para>
<para>Now, to use a new font with <application>X11</application>,
one must make the font file available and update the font name
files. The <application>X11</application> font names look
like:</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>-bitstream-charter-medium-r-normal-xxx-0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
@ -395,7 +412,9 @@ end readonly def
<term>Slant</term>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis remap="bf">r</emphasis>oman, <emphasis remap="bf">i</emphasis>talic, <emphasis remap="bf">o</emphasis>blique, etc. Since the
<para><emphasis remap="bf">r</emphasis>oman, <emphasis
remap="bf">i</emphasis>talic, <emphasis
remap="bf">o</emphasis>blique, etc. Since the
<emphasis>ItalicAngle</emphasis> is zero,
<emphasis>roman</emphasis> will be used.</para>
</listitem>
@ -433,9 +452,9 @@ end readonly def
<para>All of these names are arbitrary, but one should strive to
be compatible with the existing conventions. A font is
referenced by name with possible wild cards by an <application>X11</application> program,
so the name chosen should make some sense. One might begin by
simply using
referenced by name with possible wild cards by an
<application>X11</application> program, so the name chosen
should make some sense. One might begin by simply using
<informalexample>
<screen>&hellip;-normal-r-normal-&hellip;-p-&hellip;</screen>
@ -477,19 +496,23 @@ showboat.pfb -type1-showboat-medium-r-normal-decorative-0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
</informalexample>
<para>References: &man.xfontsel.1;, &man.xset.1;, <citetitle>The X
Windows System in a Nutshell</citetitle>, <link xlink:href="http://www.ora.com/">O'Reilly &amp;
Windows System in a Nutshell</citetitle>, <link
xlink:href="http://www.ora.com/">O'Reilly &amp;
Associates</link>.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="type1-fonts-ghostscript">
<title>Using type 1 fonts with Ghostscript</title>
<title>Using Type 1 Fonts with Ghostscript</title>
<para><application>Ghostscript</application> references a font via its <filename>Fontmap</filename>
file. This must be modified in a similar way to the <application>X11</application>
<filename>fonts.dir</filename> file. <application>Ghostscript</application> can use either
the <filename>.pfa</filename> or the <filename>.pfb</filename>
<para><application>Ghostscript</application> references a font via
its <filename>Fontmap</filename>. This must be modified in
a similar way to the <application>X11</application>
<filename>fonts.dir</filename>.
<application>Ghostscript</application> can use either the
<filename>.pfa</filename> or the <filename>.pfb</filename>
format fonts. Using the font from the previous example, here is
how to use it with <application>Ghostscript</application>:</para>
how to use it with
<application>Ghostscript</application>:</para>
<informalexample>
<screen><lineannotation>Put the font in Ghostscript's font directory</lineannotation>
@ -526,19 +549,23 @@ GS&gt;<userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="type1-fonts-groff">
<title>Using type 1 fonts with Groff</title>
<title>Using Type 1 Fonts with Groff</title>
<para>Now that the new font can be used by both <application>X11</application> and
<application>Ghostscript</application>, how can one use the new font
with <application>groff</application>? First of
<para>Now that the new font can be used by both
<application>X11</application> and
<application>Ghostscript</application>, how can one use the new
font with <application>groff</application>? First of
all, since we are dealing with type 1 &postscript; fonts, the
<application>groff</application> device that is applicable is the <emphasis>ps</emphasis>
device. A font file must be created for each font that <application>groff</application>
can use. A <application>groff</application> font name is just a file in
<application>groff</application> device that is applicable is
the <emphasis>ps</emphasis>
device. A font file must be created for each font that
<application>groff</application> can use. A
<application>groff</application> font name is just a file in
<filename>/usr/share/groff_font/devps</filename>. With our
example, the font file could be
<filename>/usr/share/groff_font/devps/SHOWBOAT</filename>. The
file must be created using tools provided by <application>groff</application>.</para>
file must be created using tools provided by
<application>groff</application>.</para>
<para>The first tool is <command>afmtodit</command>. This is not
normally installed, so it must be retrieved from the source
@ -554,9 +581,9 @@ GS&gt;<userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
:wq</userinput></screen>
</informalexample>
<para>This tool will create the <application>groff</application> font file from the metrics
file (<filename>.afm</filename> suffix.) Continuing with our
example:</para>
<para>This tool will create the <application>groff</application>
font file from the metrics file (<filename>.afm</filename>
suffix.) Continuing with our example:</para>
<informalexample>
<screen><lineannotation>Many .afm files are in Mac format&hellip; ^M delimited lines
@ -573,25 +600,25 @@ We need to convert them to &unix; style ^J delimited lines</lineannotation>
<para>The font can now be referenced with the name
SHOWBOAT.</para>
<para>If <application>Ghostscript</application> is used to drive the printers on the system,
then nothing more needs to be done. However, if true &postscript;
printers are used, then the font must be downloaded to the
printer in order for the font to be used (unless the printer
happens to have the showboat font built in or on an accessible
font disk.) The final step is to create a downloadable font.
The <command>pfbtops</command> tool is used to create the
<filename>.pfa</filename> format of the font, and the
<filename>download</filename> file is modified to reference the new
font. The <filename>download</filename> file must reference the
internal name of the font. This can easily be determined from
the groff font file as illustrated:</para>
<para>If <application>Ghostscript</application> is used to drive
the printers on the system, then nothing more needs to be done.
However, if true &postscript; printers are used, then the font
must be downloaded to the printer in order for the font to be
used (unless the printer happens to have the showboat font built
in or on an accessible font disk.) The final step is to create
a downloadable font. The <command>pfbtops</command> tool is
used to create the <filename>.pfa</filename> format of the font,
and <filename>download</filename> is modified to
reference the new font. The <filename>download</filename>
must reference the internal name of the font. This can easily
be determined from the groff font file as illustrated:</para>
<informalexample>
<screen><lineannotation>Create the .pfa font file</lineannotation>
&prompt.user; <userinput>pfbtops /usr/local/share/fonts/type1/showboat.pfb &gt;showboat.pfa</userinput></screen>
</informalexample>
<para>Of course, if the <filename>.pfa</filename> file is already
<para>Of course, if <filename>.pfa</filename> is already
available, just use a symbolic link to reference it.</para>
<informalexample>
@ -652,7 +679,7 @@ EOF</userinput>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="convert-truetype">
<title>Converting TrueType fonts to a groff/PostScript format for
<title>Converting TrueType Fonts to a groff/PostScript Format For
groff</title>
<para>This potentially requires a bit of work, simply because it
@ -668,12 +695,13 @@ EOF</userinput>
allows conversion of a TrueType font to an ascii font
metric (<filename>.afm</filename>) file.</para>
<para>Currently available at <uri xlink:href="http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/GUST/contrib/BachoTeX98/ttf2pf/">http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/GUST/contrib/BachoTeX98/ttf2pf/</uri>.
<para>Currently available at <uri
xlink:href="http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/GUST/contrib/BachoTeX98/ttf2pf/">http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/GUST/contrib/BachoTeX98/ttf2pf/</uri>.
Note: These files are PostScript programs and must be
downloaded to disk by holding down the
<keycap>Shift</keycap> key when clicking on the link.
Otherwise, your browser may try to launch
<application>ghostview</application> to view them.</para>
downloaded to disk by holding down <keycap>Shift</keycap>
when clicking on the link. Otherwise, your browser may
try to launch <application>ghostview</application> to view
them.</para>
<para>The files of interest are:</para>
@ -697,10 +725,10 @@ EOF</userinput>
upper case, so any renaming must be consistent with this.
(Actually, <filename>GS_TTF.PS</filename> and
<filename>PFS2AFM.PS</filename> are supposedly part of the
<application>Ghostscript</application> distribution, but it is just as easy to use
these as an isolated utility. FreeBSD does not seem to
include the latter.) You also may want to have these
installed to
<application>Ghostscript</application> distribution, but
it is just as easy to use these as an isolated utility.
FreeBSD does not seem to include the latter.) You also may
want to have these installed to
<filename>/usr/local/share/groff_font/devps</filename>(?).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@ -709,13 +737,14 @@ EOF</userinput>
<term><command>afmtodit</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates font files for use with <application>groff</application> from ascii font
metrics file. This usually resides in the directory,
<para>Creates font files for use with
<application>groff</application> from ascii font metrics
file. This usually resides in the directory,
<filename>/usr/src/contrib/groff/afmtodit</filename>, and
requires some work to get going.</para>
<note>
<para> If you are paranoid about working in the
<para>If you are paranoid about working in the
<filename>/usr/src</filename> tree, simply copy the
contents of the above directory to a work
location.</para>
@ -740,21 +769,20 @@ EOF</userinput>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Create the <filename>.afm</filename> file by
typing:</para>
<para>Create <filename>.afm</filename> by typing:</para>
<screen><prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>gs -dNODISPLAY -q -- ttf2pf.ps <replaceable>TTF_name</replaceable> <replaceable>PS_font_name</replaceable> <replaceable>AFM_name</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Where, <replaceable>TTF_name</replaceable> is your
TrueType font file, <replaceable>PS_font_name</replaceable>
is the file name for the <filename>.pfa</filename> file,
is the file name for <filename>.pfa</filename>,
<replaceable>AFM_name</replaceable> is the name you wish for
the <filename>.afm</filename> file. If you do not specify
<filename>.afm</filename>. If you do not specify
output file names for the <filename>.pfa</filename> or
<filename>.afm</filename> files, then default names will be
generated from the TrueType font file name.</para>
<para>This also produces a <filename>.pfa</filename> file, the
<para>This also produces a <filename>.pfa</filename>, the
ascii PostScript font metrics file
(<filename>.pfb</filename> is for the binary form). This
will not be needed, but could (I think) be useful for a
@ -781,7 +809,8 @@ Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.</screen>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Create the <application>groff</application> PostScript file:</para>
<para>Create the <application>groff</application> PostScript
file:</para>
<para>Change directories to
<filename>/usr/share/groff_font/devps</filename> so as to
@ -802,11 +831,11 @@ Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.</screen>
used from that command, as well as the name that
&man.groff.1; will use for references to this font. For
example, assuming you used the first
<command>tiff2pf.ps</command> command above, then the 3of9
<command>tiff2pf.ps</command> above, then the 3of9
Barcode font can be created using the command:</para>
<screen><prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>afmtodit -d DESC -e text.enc 3of9.afm generate/textmap 3of9</userinput></screen>
<para>Ensure that the resulting
<replaceable>PS_font_name</replaceable> file (e.g.,
<filename>3of9</filename> in the example above) is located
@ -817,7 +846,7 @@ Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.</screen>
<para>Note that if <filename>ttf2pf.ps</filename> assigns a
font name using the one it finds in the TrueType font file
and you want to use a different name, you must edit the
<filename>.afm</filename> file prior to running
<filename>.afm</filename> prior to running
<command>afmtodit</command>. This name must also match the
one used in the Fontmap file if you wish to pipe
&man.groff.1; into &man.gs.1;.</para>
@ -826,7 +855,7 @@ Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="truetype-for-other-programs">
<title>Can TrueType fonts be used with other programs?</title>
<title>Can TrueType Fonts be Used with Other Programs?</title>
<para>The TrueType font format is used by Windows, Windows 95, and
Mac's. It is quite popular and there are a great number of
@ -834,38 +863,43 @@ Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.</screen>
<para>Unfortunately, there are few applications that I am aware of
that can use this format: <application>Ghostscript</application>
and <application>Povray</application> come to mind.
<application>Ghostscript's</application> support, according to the documentation, is
rudimentary and the results are likely to be inferior to type 1
fonts. <application>Povray</application> version 3 also has the ability to use TrueType
fonts, but I rather doubt many people will be creating documents
as a series of raytraced pages :-).</para>
and <application>Povray</application> come to mind.
<application>Ghostscript's</application> support, according to
the documentation, is rudimentary and the results are likely to
be inferior to type 1 fonts. <application>Povray</application>
version 3 also has the ability to use TrueType fonts, but I
rather doubt many people will be creating documents as a series
of raytraced pages :-).</para>
<para>This rather dismal situation may soon change. The <link xlink:href="http://www.freetype.org/">FreeType Project</link> is
currently developing a useful set of FreeType tools:</para>
<para>This rather dismal situation may soon change. The <link
xlink:href="http://www.freetype.org/">FreeType Project</link>
is currently developing a useful set of FreeType tools:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The <command>xfsft</command> font server for <application>X11</application> can
serve TrueType fonts in addition to regular fonts. Though
currently in beta, it is said to be quite usable. See
<link xlink:href="http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/programs/xfsft/">Juliusz
Chroboczek's page</link> for further information.
Porting instructions for FreeBSD can be found at <link xlink:href="http://math.missouri.edu/~stephen/software/">Stephen
<para>The <command>xfsft</command> font server for
<application>X11</application> can serve TrueType fonts in
addition to regular fonts. Though currently in beta, it is
said to be quite usable. See <link
xlink:href="http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/programs/xfsft/">Juliusz
Chroboczek's page</link> for further information. Porting
instructions for FreeBSD can be found at <link
xlink:href="http://math.missouri.edu/~stephen/software/">Stephen
Montgomery's software page</link>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><application>xfstt</application> is another font server for
<application>X11</application>,
available under <uri xlink:href=" ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/"> ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/</uri>.</para>
<para><application>xfstt</application> is another font server
for <application>X11</application>, available under <uri
xlink:href="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/">ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/</uri>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A program called <command>ttf2bdf</command> can produce
BDF files suitable for use in an X environment from TrueType
files. Linux binaries are said to be available from <uri xlink:href="ftp://crl.nmsu.edu/CLR/multiling/General/">ftp://crl.nmsu.edu/CLR/multiling/General/</uri>.</para>
files. Linux binaries are said to be available from <uri
xlink:href="ftp://crl.nmsu.edu/CLR/multiling/General/">ftp://crl.nmsu.edu/CLR/multiling/General/</uri>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -875,7 +909,7 @@ Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="obtaining-additional-fonts">
<title>Where can additional fonts be obtained?</title>
<title>Where Can Additional Fonts be Obtained?</title>
<para>Many fonts are available on the Internet. They are either
entirely free, or are share-ware. In addition many fonts are
@ -884,7 +918,7 @@ Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="additional-questions">
<title>Additional questions</title>
<title>Additional Questions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
@ -892,14 +926,15 @@ Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.</screen>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Can one generate the <filename>.afm</filename> file from
<para>Can one generate the <filename>.afm</filename> from
a <filename>.pfa</filename> or
<filename>.pfb</filename>?</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to generate the <application>groff</application> character mapping files for
PostScript fonts with non-standard character names?</para>
<para>How to generate the <application>groff</application>
character mapping files for PostScript fonts with
non-standard character names?</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -909,7 +944,8 @@ Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.</screen>
<listitem>
<para>It would be good to have examples of using TrueType
fonts with <application>Povray</application> and <application>Ghostscript</application>.</para>
fonts with <application>Povray</application> and
<application>Ghostscript</application>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>