From 09772d9161b1ef3767774cf63069eb49de1d280d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nik Clayton Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 23:42:44 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add in a reference to disk-layout.eps, replacing the ASCII art for non-text users. Add much more information about the process of labelling a slice to create partitions. --- .../books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml | 405 +++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 301 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml index 19d4f8e850..65d968d7ec 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ @@ -1493,7 +1493,13 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c hierarchy, and f for the /usr directory hierarchy. - .-----------------. --. --. + + + + + + + .-----------------. --. --. | | | | | DOS / Windows | | | Partition c, no : : > First slice, ad0s1 > filesystem, all @@ -1519,6 +1525,12 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c | | | | | | | --' | | `-----------------' --' --' + + + + Conceptual model of a disk + + @@ -1738,7 +1750,178 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c - Initial Disklabel Screen + Creating Partitions using + <application>Disklabel</application> + + You must now create some partitions inside each slice that you + have just created. Remember that each partition is lettered, from + a through to h, and that + partitions b, c, and + d have conventional meanings that you should adhere + to. + + Certain applications can benefit from particular partition + schemes, especially if you are laying out partitions across more than + one disk. However, for this, your first FreeBSD installation, you do + not need to give too much thought to how you partition the disk. It + is more important that you install FreeBSD and start learning how to + use it. You can always re-install FreeBSD to change your partition + scheme when you are more familiar with the operating system. + + This scheme features four partitions—one for swap space, and + three for filesystems. + + + Partition Layout for First Disk + + + + + Partition + + Filesystem + + Size + + Description + + + + + + a + + / + + 64MB + + This is the root file system. Every other filesystem + will be mounted somewhere under this one. 64MB is a + reasonable size for this filesystem. You will not be storing + too much data on it, as a regular FreeBSD install will put + about 40MB of data here. The remaining space is for temporary + data, and also leaves expansion space if future versions of + FreeBSD need more space in / + + + + b + + N/A + + 2-3 x RAM + + The system's swap space is kept on this partition. + Choosing the right amount of swap space can be a bit of an + art. A good rule of thumb is that you should have two or + three times the amount of RAM as swap space. So if you have + 64MB of RAM then you should between 128MB and 196MB of swap. + You should also have at least 64MB of swap, so if you have + less than 32MB of RAM in your computer then set the swap + amount to 64MB.If you have more than one disk then you can put swap + space on each disk. FreeBSD will then use each disk for + swap, which effectively speeds up the act of swapping. In + this case, calculate the total amount of swap you need + (e.g., 128MB), and then divide this by the number of disks + you have (e.g., two disks) to give the amount of swap you + should put on each disk, in this example, 64MB of swap per + disk. + + + + e + + /var + + 50MB + + The /var directory contains variable + length files; log files, and other administrative files. Many + of these files are read-from or written-to extensively during + FreeBSD's day-to-day running. Putting these files on another + filesystem allows FreeBSD to optimise the access of these + files without affecting other files in other directories that + do not have the same access pattern. + + + + f + + /usr + + Rest of disk + + All your other files will typically be stored in + /usr, and its subdirectories. + + + +
+ + If you will be installing FreeBSD on to more than one disk then + you must also create partitions in the other slices that you + configured. The easiest way to do this is to create two partitions on + each disk, one for the swap space, and one for a filesystem. + + + Partition Layout for Subsequent Disks + + + + + Partition + + Filesystem + + Size + + Description + + + + + + b + + N/A + + See description + + As already discussed, you can split swap space across + each disk. Even though the a partition is + free, convention dictates that swap space stays on the + b partition. + + + + e + + /diskn + + Rest of disk + + The rest of the disk is taken up with one big partition. + This could easily be put on the a + partition, instead of the e partition. + However, convention says that the a + partition on a slice is reserved for the filesystem that will + be the root (/) filesystem. You do not + have to follow this convention, but + Sysinstall does, so following it + yourself makes the installation slightly cleaner. You can + choose to mount this filesystem anywhere; this example + suggests that you mount them as directories + /diskn, where + n is a number that changes for each + disk. But you can use another scheme if you prefer. + + + +
+ + Having chosen your partition layout you can now create it using + Sysinstall. You will see this + message. Message Now, you need to create BSD partitions inside of the fdisk @@ -1748,12 +1931,30 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c more specific needs or just don't care for the layout chosen by (A)uto, press F1 for more information on manual layout. - [ OK ] + [ OK ] - [ Press enter to continue ] + Press Enter to start the FreeBSD partition + editor, called Disklabel. - There are no partitions shown when you first enter the - editor. + shows the display when you first + start Disklabel. The display is divided in + to three sections. + + The first few lines show the name of the disk you are currently + working on, and the slice that contains the partitions you are + creating (at this point Disklabel calls + this the Partition name rather than slice name). + This display also shows the amount of free space within the slice; + that is, space that was set aside in the slice, but that has not yet + been assigned to a partition. + + The middle of the display shows the partitions that have been + created, the name of the filesystem that each partition contains, + their size, and some options pertaining to the creation of the + filesystem. + + The bottom third of the screen shows the keystrokes that are valid + in Disklabel.
Sysinstall Disklabel Editor @@ -1765,16 +1966,13 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
- Pressing F1 will give instructions for using - the DiskLabel Editor. Press Q to continue. - - - - Auto Defaults for Partitions - - Pressing A displayed the suggested disklabels - for this particular disk size. If a small hard disk is being used, - the default values may be appropriate. + Disklabel can automatically create + partitions for you, and assign them default sizes. Try this now, by + Pressing A. You will see a display similar to that + shown in . Depending on the size of + the disk you are using the defaults may or may not be appropriate. + This does not matter, as you do not have to accept the + defaults.
Sysinstall Disklabel Editor With Auto Defaults @@ -1785,106 +1983,105 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
- - - Creating Custom Partitions + To delete the suggested partitions, and replace them with your + own, use the arrow keys to select the first partition, and press + D to delete it. Repeat this to delete all the + suggested partitions. - Write down the auto defaults for all the file systems (/, - swap, /var, /usr). Using the arrow keys, select the first - partition ( / ) and press D to delete the - partition. Delete all the partitions in the same manner. + To create the first partition (a, mounted as + /), make sure the disk information at the top of + the screen is selected, and press C. A dialog box + will appear prompting you for the size of the new partition (as shown + in ). You can enter the size as + the number of disk blocks you want to use, or, more usefully, as a + number followed by either M for megabytes, + G for gigabytes, or C for + cylinders. - It is easiest to create the partitions in the same order - shown by the auto default. +
+ Free Space For Root Partition - - Example Custom Partition + + + + + +
- To create the root partition, first press C - and a dialog box will appear showing the total - space available in blocks : + The default size shown will create a partition that takes up the + rest of the slice. If you are using the partition sizes described + earlier then delete the existing figure using + Backspace, and then type in + 64M, as shown in + . Then press + OK. + +
+ Edit Root Partition Size -
- Free Space For Root Partition + + + + + +
- - - - - -
+ Having chosen the partition's size you will then asked whether + this partition will contain a filesystem or swap space. The dialog + box is shown in . This first + partition will contain a filesystem, so check that + FS is selected and then press + Enter. - This example will set the root partition to 100M. First, delete - the entry using the BACKSPACE and enter the desired - value : +
+ Choose The Root Partition Type + + + + + + +
+ + Finally, because you are creating a filesystem, you must tell + Disklabel where the filesystem is to be + mounted. The dialog box is shown in + . The root filesystem's mount + point is /, so type /, and + then press Enter. -
- Edit Root Partition Size +
+ Choose The Root Mount Point - - - - - -
+ + + + + +
- With [OK] highlighted, then press Enter. The - following dialog box will display : + The display will then update to show you the newly created + partition. You should repeat this procedure for the other + partitions. When you create the swap partition you will not be + prompted for the filesystem mount point, as swap partitions are never + mounted. When you create the final partition, + /usr, you can leave the suggested size as is, to + use the rest of the slice. -
- Choose The Root Partition Type + Your final FreeBSD DiskLabel Editor screen will appear similar to + , although your values chosen may + be different. Press Q to finish. - - - - - -
- - The root partition needs to be a file system. With "FS" - and [OK] highlighted, press Enter. - - The next dialog box to appear is to enter the mount - point for the root partition. Enter "/" for the root partition - mount point. With the [OK] highlighted, press - Enter. - -
- Choose The Root Mount Point - - - - - - -
- - The swap, /var and /usr partitions are created in the - same way. Be sure to choose "swap" as the filesystem type - for the swap partition. - - Generally the swap - value is twice the amount of RAM in the system. For this - system, the "swap" partition will be set to 516M. - - The "/var" partition will be set to 100M and the "/usr" - partition will get the remaining amount of disk space. - - Your final FreeBSD DiskLabel Editor screen will appear similar - although your values chosen may be different. Press - Q to finish. - -
- Sysinstall Disklabel Editor - - - - - - -
- +
+ Sysinstall Disklabel Editor + + + + + + +