Whitespace cleanup.
This can safely be ignonred by translators. . Indent <screen> and <programlisting>. . Add spacing to <listitems>. . Wrap lines longer than 80 chars . Remove eol whitespace.
This commit is contained in:
Giorgos Keramidas
parent
51f361fa4e
commit
105d40844f
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=14016
1 changed files with 810 additions and 743 deletions
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@ -10,24 +10,41 @@
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<sect1>
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<title>Synopsis</title>
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<para>FreeBSD uses <application>XFree86</application> to provide users with a powerful
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graphical user interface. <application>XFree86</application> is an open-source
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implementation of the X Window System. This chapter
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will cover installation and configuration of <application>XFree86</application> on a
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FreeBSD system. For more information on <application>XFree86</application> and
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video hardware that it supports, check the <ulink
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<para>FreeBSD uses <application>XFree86</application> to provide users with
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a powerful graphical user interface. <application>XFree86</application>
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is an open-source implementation of the X Window System. This chapter
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will cover installation and configuration of
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<application>XFree86</application> on a FreeBSD system. For more
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information on <application>XFree86</application> and video hardware that
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it supports, check the <ulink
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url="http://www.XFree86.org/">XFree86</ulink> web site.</para>
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<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The various components of the X Window System, and how they
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interoperate.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>How to install and configure <application>XFree86</application>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>How to install and use different window managers.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>How to use TrueType fonts in <application>XFree86</application>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>How to setup your system for graphical logins (<application>XDM</application>).</para></listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to install and configure
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<application>XFree86</application>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to install and use different window managers.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to use TrueType fonts in
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<application>XFree86</application>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to setup your system for graphical logins
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(<application>XDM</application>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para>
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@ -144,8 +161,9 @@
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window managers, and many more, are available in the
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<filename>x11-wm</filename> category of the Ports Collection.</para>
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<para>In addition, the <application>KDE</application> and <application>GNOME</application> desktop environments both have
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their own window managers which integrate with the desktop.</para>
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<para>In addition, the <application>KDE</application> and
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<application>GNOME</application> desktop environments both have their
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own window managers which integrate with the desktop.</para>
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<para>Each window manager also has a different configuration mechanism;
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some expect configuration file written by hand, others feature
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@ -256,36 +274,34 @@
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<sect1 id="x-install">
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<title>Installing XFree86</title>
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<para>Before installing <application>XFree86</application>, decide on which version to
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run. <application>XFree86 3.X</application> is a maintenance
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branch of <application>XFree86</application> development. It is very stable, and it
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supports a huge number of graphics cards. However, no new
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<para>Before installing <application>XFree86</application>, decide on which
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version to run. <application>XFree86 3.X</application> is a maintenance
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branch of <application>XFree86</application> development. It is very
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stable, and it supports a huge number of graphics cards. However, no new
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development is being done on the software. <application>XFree86
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4.X</application> is a complete redesign of the system with many
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new features such as better support for fonts and
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anti-aliasing. Unfortunately this new architecture requires
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that the video drivers be rewritten, and some of the older
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cards that were supported in 3.X are not yet supported in 4.X. As all
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new developments and support for new graphics cards are done on that
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branch, <application>XFree86 4.X</application> is now the default
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version of the X Window System on FreeBSD.</para>
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4.X</application> is a complete redesign of the system with many new
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features such as better support for fonts and anti-aliasing.
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Unfortunately this new architecture requires that the video drivers be
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rewritten, and some of the older cards that were supported in 3.X are not
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yet supported in 4.X. As all new developments and support for new
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graphics cards are done on that branch, <application>XFree86
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4.X</application> is now the default version of the X Window System on
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FreeBSD.</para>
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<para>The FreeBSD setup program offers users the opportunity to install
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and configure <application>XFree86 4.X</application> during installation (covered in
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<xref linkend="x-server">). To install and run
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and configure <application>XFree86 4.X</application> during installation
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(covered in <xref linkend="x-server">). To install and run
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<application>XFree86 3.X</application>, wait until after the base
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FreeBSD system is installed, and then install <application>XFree86</application>. For example,
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to build and install <application>XFree86 3.X</application> from the
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ports collection:</para>
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FreeBSD system is installed, and then install
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<application>XFree86</application>. For example, to build and install
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<application>XFree86 3.X</application> from the ports collection:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/XFree86</userinput>
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&prompt.root; <userinput>make all install clean</userinput></screen>
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<para>Alternatively, either version of <application>XFree86</application> can be
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installed
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directly from the FreeBSD
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binaries provided on the <ulink
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url="http://www.XFree86.org/">XFree86 web site</ulink>. A binary
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<para>Alternatively, either version of <application>XFree86</application>
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can be installed directly from the FreeBSD binaries provided on the
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<ulink url="http://www.XFree86.org/">XFree86 web site</ulink>. A binary
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package to use with &man.pkg.add.1; tool is also available for
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<application>XFree86 4.X</application>. When the remote fetching
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feature of &man.pkg.add.1; is used, the version number of the
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@ -303,7 +319,8 @@
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&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
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<para>The rest of this chapter will explain how to configure
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<application>XFree86</application>, and how to setup a productive desktop environment.</para>
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<application>XFree86</application>, and how to setup a productive desktop
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environment.</para>
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<!-- Easiest way is from sysinstall for XFree86 4.X -->
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@ -469,10 +486,10 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
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seven hundred sixty-eight pixels at twenty-four bits per pixel,
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add the <varname>DefaultDepth</varname> keyword with the
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value of twenty-four, and add to the <literal>"Display"</literal>
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subsection with the desired <varname>Depth</varname> the <varname>Modes</varname> keyword with the
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resolution the user wishes to run at. Note that only VESA
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standard modes are supported as defined by the target system's
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graphics hardware.</para>
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subsection with the desired <varname>Depth</varname> the
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<varname>Modes</varname> keyword with the resolution the user wishes to
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run at. Note that only VESA standard modes are supported as defined by
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the target system's graphics hardware.</para>
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<para>Finally, write the configuration file and test it using
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the test mode given above. If all is well, the configuration
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@ -524,8 +541,8 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
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<para>This will allow configuration of the hardware as any other
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graphics board.</para>
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<para>If you are using <application>XFree86 4.1.0</application> (or later) and messages
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about unresolved symbols like
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<para>If you are using <application>XFree86 4.1.0</application> (or
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later) and messages about unresolved symbols like
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<literal>fbPictureInit</literal> appear, try adding the
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following line after <literal>Driver "i810"</literal> in the
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<application>XFree86</application> configuration file:</para>
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@ -551,10 +568,10 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
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<para>The default fonts that ship with
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<application>XFree86</application> are less than ideal for typical
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desktop publishing applications. Large presentation fonts show up
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jagged and unprofessional looking, and small fonts in <application>Netscape</application> are
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almost completely unintelligible. However, there are several
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free, high quality Type1 (PostScript) fonts available which
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can be readily used
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jagged and unprofessional looking, and small fonts in
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<application>Netscape</application> are almost completely unintelligible.
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However, there are several free, high quality Type1 (PostScript) fonts
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available which can be readily used
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with <application>XFree86</application>, either version 3.X or
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version 4.X. For instance, the URW font collection
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(<filename role="package">x11-fonts/urwfonts</filename>) includes
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@ -562,8 +579,8 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
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Helvetica, Palatino and others). The Freefont collection
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(<filename role="package">x11-fonts/freefont</filename>) includes
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many more fonts, but most of them are intended for use in
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graphics software such as the <application>Gimp</application>, and are not complete
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enough to serve as screen fonts. In addition,
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graphics software such as the <application>Gimp</application>, and are not
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complete enough to serve as screen fonts. In addition,
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<application>XFree86</application> can be configured to use
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TrueType fonts with a minimum of effort: see the
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<link linkend="truetype">section on TrueType fonts</link> later.</para>
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@ -574,12 +591,11 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts</userinput>
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&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
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<para>And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To tell the X server
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that these fonts exist, add an appropriate line to the
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<filename>XF86Config</filename> file (in
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<filename>/etc/</filename> for <application>XFree86</application>
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version 3, or in <filename>/etc/X11/</filename> for version 4),
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which reads:</para>
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<para>And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To tell the X
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server that these fonts exist, add an appropriate line to the
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<filename>XF86Config</filename> file (in <filename>/etc/</filename> for
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<application>XFree86</application> version 3, or in
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<filename>/etc/X11/</filename> for version 4), which reads:</para>
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<programlisting>FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/URW/"</programlisting>
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@ -617,7 +633,8 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
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TrueType font server is needed.
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<application>Xfstt</application> is commonly used for
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this purpose. To install <application>Xfstt</application>,
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simply install the port <filename role="package">x11-servers/Xfstt</filename>.</para>
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simply install the port
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<filename role="package">x11-servers/Xfstt</filename>.</para>
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<para>Now make a directory for the TrueType fonts (for example,
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<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</filename>)
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@ -630,7 +647,8 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
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<filename>fonts.dir</filename> file, so that the X font renderer
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knows that these new files have been installed.
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<command>ttmkfdir</command> is available from the FreeBSD
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Ports Collection as <filename role="package">x11-fonts/ttmkfdir</filename>.</para>
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Ports Collection as
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<filename role="package">x11-fonts/ttmkfdir</filename>.</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</userinput>
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&prompt.root; <userinput>ttmkfdir > fonts.dir</userinput></screen>
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@ -708,8 +726,8 @@ edit
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<programlisting>match any family == "fixed" edit family =+ "mono";
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match any family == "console" edit family =+ "mono";</programlisting>
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<para>(this aliases the other common names for fixed fonts as <literal>"mono"</literal>),
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and then add:</para>
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<para>(this aliases the other common names for fixed fonts as
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<literal>"mono"</literal>), and then add:</para>
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<programlisting>match any family == "mono" edit spacing = 100;</programlisting>
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@ -740,9 +758,9 @@ match any family == "LuciduxMono" edit family =+ "Lucidux Mono";</programl
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<programlisting>match edit rgba=rgb;</programlisting>
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<para>(depending on the sort of display, the last word may need to
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be changed from <quote>rgb</quote> to <quote>bgr</quote>, <quote>vrgb</quote>
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or <quote>vbgr</quote>: experiment and see which works best.)</para>
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be changed from <quote>rgb</quote> to <quote>bgr</quote>,
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<quote>vrgb</quote> or <quote>vbgr</quote>: experiment and see which
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works best.)</para>
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<para>Anti-aliasing should be enabled the next time the X server is
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started. However, note that programs must know how to take
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@ -754,8 +772,8 @@ match any family == "LuciduxMono" edit family =+ "Lucidux Mono";</programl
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details); there are patches for GTK+ to do the same,
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so if compiled against such a patched GTK+, the GNOME environment
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and Mozilla can also use anti-aliased fonts. In fact, there
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is now a port called <filename role="package">x11/gdkxft</filename> which allows one
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to use antialiased fonts without recompiling: see
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is now a port called <filename role="package">x11/gdkxft</filename>
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which allows one to use antialiased fonts without recompiling: see
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<xref linkend="x11-wm-gnome-antialias"> for details.</para>
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<para>Anti-aliasing is still new to FreeBSD and
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@ -977,6 +995,7 @@ match any family == "LuciduxMono" edit family =+ "Lucidux Mono";</programl
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<sect2>
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<title>Running a Network Display Server</title>
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<para>In order for other clients to connect to the display
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server, edit the access control rules, and enable the connection
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listener. By default these are set to conservative values.
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@ -1056,7 +1075,8 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
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<para>The easiest way to install
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<application>GNOME</application> is through the
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<quote>Desktop Configuration</quote> menu during the FreeBSD
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installation process as described in <xref linkend="default-desktop"> of Chapter 2. It can also
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installation process as described in <xref
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linkend="default-desktop"> of Chapter 2. It can also
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be easily installed from a package or the ports
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collection:</para>
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@ -1110,13 +1130,14 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
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<title>Anti-aliased fonts with GNOME</title>
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<para>While anti-aliased fonts made their first appearance on
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<application>XFree86</application> desktops in the <application>KDE</application> environment and are supported
|
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there in the standard installation, it is also possible to
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use them with GTK applications such as the <application>GNOME</application>
|
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<application>XFree86</application> desktops in the
|
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<application>KDE</application> environment and are supported there
|
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in the standard installation, it is also possible to use them with
|
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GTK applications such as the <application>GNOME</application>
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environment. The most straightforward way is probably by
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using the <application>libgdkxft</application> library, in
|
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the <filename role="package">x11/gdkxft</filename> port. After installing this
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port, read the
|
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the <filename role="package">x11/gdkxft</filename> port. After
|
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installing this port, read the
|
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<filename>/usr/X11R6/share/doc/gdkxft/README</filename> file
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carefully.</para>
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@ -1134,17 +1155,13 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
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<para>and with csh and similar shells, type</para>
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<screen>
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&prompt.user; <userinput>setenv LD_PRELOAD /usr/X11R6/lib/libgdkxft.so</userinput>
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&prompt.user; <userinput>gimp</userinput>
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</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>setenv LD_PRELOAD /usr/X11R6/lib/libgdkxft.so</userinput>
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&prompt.user; <userinput>gimp</userinput></screen>
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|
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<para>Or, the commands</para>
|
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|
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<programlisting>
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LD_PRELOAD=/usr/X11R6/lib/libgdkxft.so
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export LD_PRELOAD
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</programlisting>
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<programlisting>LD_PRELOAD=/usr/X11R6/lib/libgdkxft.so
|
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export LD_PRELOAD</programlisting>
|
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|
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<para>can be put into <filename>.xinitrc</filename>,
|
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<filename>.xsession</filename> or in the appropriate
|
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|
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@ -1167,20 +1184,45 @@ export LD_PRELOAD
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<application>KDE</application> brings to the user are:</para>
|
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|
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<itemizedlist>
|
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<listitem><para>A beautiful contemporary desktop</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>A desktop exhibiting complete network transparency</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>An integrated help system allowing for convenient,
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A beautiful contemporary desktop</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A desktop exhibiting complete network transparency</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>An integrated help system allowing for convenient,
|
||||
consistent access to help on the use of the
|
||||
<application>KDE</application> desktop and its
|
||||
applications</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Consistent look and feel of all
|
||||
<application>KDE</application> applications</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Standardized menu and toolbars, keybindings, color-schemes, etc.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Internationalization: <application>KDE</application>
|
||||
is available in more than 40 languages</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Centralized consisted dialog driven desktop configuration</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>A great number of useful
|
||||
<application>KDE</application> applications</para></listitem>
|
||||
applications</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Consistent look and feel of all
|
||||
<application>KDE</application> applications</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Standardized menu and toolbars, keybindings, color-schemes,
|
||||
etc.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Internationalization: <application>KDE</application>
|
||||
is available in more than 40 languages</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Centralized consisted dialog driven desktop
|
||||
configuration</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A great number of useful
|
||||
<application>KDE</application> applications</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><application>KDE</application> has an office application
|
||||
|
|
@ -1203,9 +1245,9 @@ export LD_PRELOAD
|
|||
other desktop environment, the easiest way to install
|
||||
<application>KDE</application> is through the <quote>Desktop
|
||||
Configuration</quote> menu during the FreeBSD installation
|
||||
process as described in <xref linkend="default-desktop"> of Chapter 2. Once again, the software
|
||||
can be easily installed from a package or from the ports
|
||||
collection:</para>
|
||||
process as described in <xref linkend="default-desktop"> of Chapter
|
||||
2. Once again, the software can be easily installed from a package
|
||||
or from the ports collection:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To install the <application>KDE</application> package
|
||||
from the network, simply type:</para>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1225,7 +1267,8 @@ export LD_PRELOAD
|
|||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "exec startkde" > ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Now, whenever the X Window System is invoked with <command>startx</command>,
|
||||
<para>Now, whenever the X Window System is invoked with
|
||||
<command>startx</command>,
|
||||
<application>KDE</application> will be the desktop.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If a display manager such as
|
||||
|
|
@ -1281,8 +1324,9 @@ export LD_PRELOAD
|
|||
group in <filename>/etc/group</filename> for this), and then
|
||||
type <userinput>kcontrol</userinput>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para> Click on the icon on the left marked <guibutton>System</guibutton>, then on
|
||||
<guibutton>Login manager</guibutton>. On the right there are
|
||||
<para>Click on the icon on the left marked
|
||||
<guibutton>System</guibutton>, then on <guibutton>Login
|
||||
manager</guibutton>. On the right there are
|
||||
various configurable options, which the
|
||||
<application>KDE</application> manual will explain in greater
|
||||
detail. Click on <guibutton>sessions</guibutton> on the right.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1321,10 +1365,12 @@ export LD_PRELOAD
|
|||
;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
esac</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A few lines need to be added to this section.
|
||||
Assuming the labels from used were <quote>KDE</quote> and
|
||||
<quote>GNOME</quote>,
|
||||
use the following:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>case $# in
|
||||
1)
|
||||
case $1 in
|
||||
|
|
@ -1344,6 +1390,7 @@ esac</screen>
|
|||
login-time desktop background to be honored,
|
||||
the following line needs to be added to
|
||||
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>/usr/local/bin/kdmdesktop</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Now, make sure <application>kdm</application> is listed in
|
||||
|
|
@ -1359,18 +1406,20 @@ esac</screen>
|
|||
|
||||
<para>Starting with version 4.0.2,
|
||||
<application>XFree86</application> supports anti-aliasing via
|
||||
its <quote>RENDER</quote> extension, and starting with version 2.3, Qt (the
|
||||
toolkit used by <application>KDE</application>) supports this
|
||||
extension. Configuring this is described in <xref
|
||||
its <quote>RENDER</quote> extension, and starting with version 2.3,
|
||||
Qt (the toolkit used by <application>KDE</application>) supports
|
||||
this extension. Configuring this is described in <xref
|
||||
linkend="antialias"> on antialiasing X11 fonts. So, with
|
||||
up-to-date software, anti-aliasing is possible on a
|
||||
<application>KDE</application> desktop. Just go to the KDE
|
||||
menu, go to <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> -> <guimenuitem>Look and Feel</guimenuitem> -> <guimenuitem>Fonts</guimenuitem>, and click
|
||||
on the check box
|
||||
menu, go to <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> ->
|
||||
<guimenuitem>Look and Feel</guimenuitem> ->
|
||||
<guimenuitem>Fonts</guimenuitem>, and click on the check box
|
||||
<guibutton>Use Anti-Aliasing for Fonts and Icons</guibutton>.
|
||||
For a Qt application which is not part of
|
||||
<application>KDE</application>, the environment variable <varname>QT_XFT</varname>
|
||||
needs to be set to <literal>true</literal> before starting the program.</para>
|
||||
<application>KDE</application>, the environment variable
|
||||
<varname>QT_XFT</varname> needs to be set to <literal>true</literal>
|
||||
before starting the program.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1391,22 +1440,41 @@ esac</screen>
|
|||
are:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para>A simple, easy-to-handle desktop</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Fully configurable via mouse, with drag and
|
||||
drop, etc </para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Main panel similar to <application>CDE</application>, with menus, applets and
|
||||
app launchers</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Integrated window manager, file manager,
|
||||
sound manager, <application>GNOME</application> compliance module, and other things</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para> Themeable (since it uses GTK) </para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para> Fast, light and efficient: ideal for
|
||||
older/slower machines or machines with memory limitations</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A simple, easy-to-handle desktop</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Fully configurable via mouse, with drag and
|
||||
drop, etc </para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Main panel similar to <application>CDE</application>, with
|
||||
menus, applets and app launchers</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Integrated window manager, file manager, sound manager,
|
||||
<application>GNOME</application> compliance module, and other
|
||||
things</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Themeable (since it uses GTK)</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Fast, light and efficient: ideal for older/slower machines
|
||||
or machines with memory limitations</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>More information on <application>XFce</application>
|
||||
can be found on the <ulink url="http://www.xfce.org/">XFce
|
||||
website</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="x11-wm-xfce-install">
|
||||
<title>Installing XFce</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1437,7 +1505,6 @@ esac</screen>
|
|||
command; or, configure the display manager to allow
|
||||
choosing a desktop at login time, as explained in
|
||||
the section on <link linkend="x11-wm-kde-kdm">kdm</link>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue