This patch does the following:
- comments out some authors - tightens up some headings - some word-smithing - changes examples to more modern sound cards Approved by: bcr (mentor)
This commit is contained in:
Dru Lavigne
parent
deabc6ee4c
commit
1d2fcefcf3
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=42949
1 changed files with 90 additions and 100 deletions
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@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Playback DVDs, <filename>.mpg</filename>, and
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<para>Play DVDs, <filename>.mpg</filename>, and
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<filename>.avi</filename> files.</para>
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</listitem>
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@ -80,52 +80,38 @@
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<listitem>
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<para>Configure an image scanner.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to configure an image scanner.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Know how to configure and install a new kernel
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(<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>).</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<warning>
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<para>Audio CDs have specialized encodings which differ from the
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usual ISO-filesystem. This means that they should not be
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mounted using &man.mount.8;.</para>
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</warning>
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<listitem><para>Know how to install applications as described in
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<xref linkend="ports"/>.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="sound-setup">
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<!--
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<sect1info>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Moses</firstname>
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<surname>Moore</surname>
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<contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
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<!-- 20 November 2000 -->
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<contrib>Contributed by in November 2000</contrib>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Marc</firstname>
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<surname>Fonvieille</surname>
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<contrib>Enhanced by </contrib>
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<!-- 13 September 2004 -->
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<contrib>Enhanced by in September 2004</contrib>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</sect1info>
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-->
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<title>Setting Up the Sound Card</title>
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<sect2 id="sound-device">
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<title>Configuring the System</title>
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<indexterm><primary>PCI</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>sound cards</primary></indexterm>
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<para>Before beginning the configuration, determine the model of
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@ -140,19 +126,19 @@
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<secondary>configuration</secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>In order to use the sound device, the proper device driver
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must be loaded. This may be accomplished in one of two ways.
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<para>In order to use the sound device, its device driver
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must be loaded.
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The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the sound card
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with &man.kldload.8;. This example loads the driver for a
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Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card:</para>
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built-in audio chipset based on the Intel specification:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload snd_emu10k1</userinput></screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload snd_hda</userinput></screen>
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<para>To automate the loading of this driver at boot time, add the
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driver to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. The line for
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this driver is:</para>
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<programlisting>snd_emu10k1_load="YES"</programlisting>
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<programlisting>snd_hda_load="YES"</programlisting>
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<para>Other available sound modules are listed in
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<filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename>. When unsure
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@ -171,32 +157,28 @@
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after loading the <filename>snd_driver</filename> metadriver,
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type <command>cat /dev/sndstat</command>.</para>
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<para>Users who prefer to statically compile in support for the
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sound card in a custom kernel should refer to the instructions
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in the next section. For more information about recompiling a
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kernel, refer to <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para>
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<sect3>
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<sect2>
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<title>Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support</title>
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<para>This section is for users who prefer to statically compile in support for the
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sound card in a custom kernel. For more information about recompiling a
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kernel, refer to <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para>
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<para>When using a custom kernel to provide sound support, make
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sure that the audio framework driver exists in the custom kernel
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configuration file:</para>
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<programlisting>device sound</programlisting>
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<para>Next, add support for the sound card. Therefore, you need
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to know which driver supports the card. To continue the example
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of the Creative &soundblaster; Live! sound card from the
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<para>Next, add support for the sound card. To continue the example
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of the built-in audio chipset based on the Intel specification from the
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previous section, use the following line in the custom kernel
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configuration file:</para>
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<programlisting>device snd_emu10k1</programlisting>
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<programlisting>device snd_hda</programlisting>
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<para>Be sure to read the manual page of the driver for the
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syntax to use. The explicit syntax for the kernel
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configuration of every supported sound driver can also be
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found in <filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES</filename>.</para>
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device name to use for the driver.</para>
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<para>Non-PnP ISA sound cards may require the IRQ and I/O port
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settings of the card to be added to
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@ -233,57 +215,62 @@ hint.sbc.0.flags="0x15"</programlisting>
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cases, the IRQ or other settings may need to be changed to
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match the card. Refer to &man.snd.sbc.4; for more information
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about this card.</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="sound-testing">
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<title>Testing the Sound Card</title>
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<title>Testing Sound</title>
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<para>After rebooting into the custom kernel, or after loading
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the required module, the sound card should appear in the system
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message buffer. Run &man.dmesg.8; and look for a message
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like:</para>
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<para>After loading
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the required module or rebooting into the custom kernel,
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the sound card should be detected.
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To confirm, run <command>dmesg | grep pcm</command>. This
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example is from a system with a built-in Conexant CX20590 chipset:</para>
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<screen>pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> port 0xdc80-0xdcbf,0xd800-0xd8ff irq 5 at device 31.5 on pci0
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pcm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
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pcm0: <Cirrus Logic CS4205 AC97 Codec></screen>
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<screen>pcm0: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> at nid 5 on hdaa0
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pcm1: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> at nid 6 on hdaa0
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pcm2: <Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)> at nid 31,25 and 35,27 on hdaa1</screen>
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<para>The status of the sound card may also be checked using this
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command:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat /dev/sndstat</userinput>
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FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm)
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FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm: 64bit 2009061500/amd64)
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Installed devices:
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pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> at io 0xd800, 0xdc80 irq 5 bufsz 16384
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kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen>
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pcm0: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
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pcm1: <NVIDIA (0x001c) (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
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pcm2: <Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)> (play/rec) default</screen>
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<para>The output may vary between systems. If no
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<devicename>pcm</devicename> devices are listed, go back and
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review the kernel configuration file and make sure the correct
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device driver was chosen. Common problems are listed in <xref
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linkend="troubleshooting"/>.</para>
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<para>The output will vary depending upon the sound card. If no
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<devicename>pcm</devicename> devices are listed, double-check that the correct
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device driver was loaded or compiled into the kernel. The
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next section lists some common problems and their solutions.</para>
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<para>If all goes well, the sound card should now work in os;. If
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the CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive's audio-out pins are properly
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the <acronym>CD</acronym> or <acronym>DVD</acronym> drive is properly
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connected to the sound card, one can insert an audio CD in the
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drive and play it with &man.cdcontrol.1;:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1</userinput></screen>
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<warning>
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<para>Audio CDs have specialized encodings which means that they should not be
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mounted using &man.mount.8;.</para>
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</warning>
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<para>Various applications, such as <filename
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role="package">audio/workman</filename> provide a friendlier
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role="package">audio/workman</filename>, provide a friendlier
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interface. The <filename role="package">audio/mpg123</filename>
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port can be installed to listen to MP3 audio files.</para>
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<para>Another quick way to test the card is to send data to
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<filename>/dev/dsp</filename>:</para>
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<devicename>/dev/dsp</devicename>:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cat <replaceable>filename</replaceable> > /dev/dsp</userinput></screen>
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<para>where
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<filename><replaceable>filename</replaceable></filename> can
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be any file. This command should produce some noise, confirming
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that the sound card is actually working.</para>
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be any type of file. This command should produce some noise, confirming
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that the sound card is working.</para>
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<note>
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<para>The <devicename>/dev/dsp*</devicename> device nodes will
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@ -291,19 +278,21 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen>
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do not exist and will not appear in the output of
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&man.ls.1;.</para>
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</note>
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</sect2>
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<para>Sound card mixer levels can be changed using &man.mixer.8;.
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More details can be found in &man.mixer.8;.</para>
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<sect3 id="troubleshooting">
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<title>Common Problems</title>
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<sect2 id="troubleshooting">
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<title>Troubleshooting Sound</title>
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<indexterm><primary>device nodes</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>I/O port</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>IRQ</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>DSP</primary></indexterm>
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<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
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<para>Table 8.1 lists some common error messages and their
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solutions:</para>
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<table frame="none" pgwide="1">
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<title>Common Error Messages</title>
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row>
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@ -337,8 +326,8 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen>
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<row>
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<entry><errorname>xxx: can't open
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/dev/dsp!</errorname></entry>
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<entry><para>Check with <command>fstat | grep
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dsp</command> if another application is holding the
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<entry><para>Type <command>fstat | grep
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dsp</command> to check if another application is holding the
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device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are
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<application>esound</application> and
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<application>KDE</application>'s sound
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@ -346,13 +335,13 @@ kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)</screen>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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</table>
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<para>Another issue is that modern graphics cards often come
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with their own sound driver, for use with
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<acronym>HDMI</acronym> and similar. This sound device will
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sometimes be enumerated before the sound card and the sound
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card will subsequently not be used as the default playback
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<para>Modern graphics cards often come
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with their own sound driver for use with
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<acronym>HDMI</acronym>. This sound device is
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sometimes enumerated before the sound card meaning that the sound
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card will not be used as the default playback
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device. To check if this is the case, run
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<application>dmesg</application> and look for
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<literal>pcm</literal>. The output looks something like
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@ -376,7 +365,7 @@ pcm6: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #2 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
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pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
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...</programlisting>
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<para>Here the graphics card (<literal>NVidia</literal>) has
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<para>In this example, the graphics card (<literal>NVidia</literal>) has
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been enumerated before the sound card (<literal>Realtek
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ALC889</literal>). To use the sound card as the default
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playback device, change <varname>hw.snd.default_unit</varname>
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@ -384,17 +373,17 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>n</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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<para>Here, <literal>n</literal> is the number of the sound
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<para>where <literal>n</literal> is the number of the sound
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device to use. In this example, it should be
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<literal>4</literal>. Make this change permanent by adding
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the following line to
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<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>hw.snd.default_unit=<replaceable>4</replaceable></programlisting>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="sound-multiple-sources">
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<!--
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<sect2info>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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@ -404,34 +393,32 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</sect2info>
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-->
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<title>Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources</title>
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<para>It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that
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are able to play simultaneously. &os; uses <emphasis>Virtual
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Sound Channels</emphasis>, which can be enabled using
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&man.sysctl.8;. Virtual channels allow one to multiplex the
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are able to play simultaneously. &os; uses <quote>Virtual
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Sound Channels</quote> to multiplex the
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sound card's playback by mixing sound in the kernel.</para>
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<para>To set the number of virtual channels, three
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&man.sysctl.8; knobs are available:</para>
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<para>Three
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&man.sysctl.8; knobs are available for configuring virtual channels:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4</userinput>
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&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</userinput>
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&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4</userinput></screen>
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<para>The above example allocates four virtual channels, which
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<para>This example allocates four virtual channels, which
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is a practical number for everyday use. Both
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<varname>dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4</varname> and
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<varname>dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</varname> are the number of
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<varname>dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4</varname> are configurable after a device has been
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attached and represent the number of
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virtual channels <devicename>pcm0</devicename> has for playback
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and recording, and are configurable after a device has been
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attached. <literal>hw.snd.maxautovchans</literal> is the number
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of virtual channels a new audio device is given when it is
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attached using &man.kldload.8;. Since the
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and recording. Since the
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<devicename>pcm</devicename> module can be loaded independently
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of the hardware drivers, <varname>hw.snd.maxautovchans</varname>
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indicates how many virtual channels will be given to devices
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when they are attached. Refer to &man.pcm.4; for more
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indicates how many virtual channels will be given to an audio device
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when it is attached. Refer to &man.pcm.4; for more
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information.</para>
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<note>
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@ -447,6 +434,7 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<!--
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<sect2info>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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|
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@ -456,16 +444,17 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</sect2info>
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-->
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<title>Setting Default Values for Mixer Channels</title>
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<para>The default values for the different mixer channels are
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hardcoded in the source code of the &man.pcm.4; driver. There
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are many different applications and daemons that allow values to
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be set for the mixer that are remembered between invocations,
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but this is not a clean solution. It is possible to set default
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mixer values at the driver level. This is accomplished by
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defining the appropriate values in
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hardcoded in the source code of the &man.pcm.4; driver. While
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sound card mixer levels can be changed using &man.mixer.8; or
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third-party applications and daemons, this is not a permanent solution.
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To instead set default
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mixer values at the driver level,
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define the appropriate values in
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<filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>, as seen in this
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example:</para>
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|
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|
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@ -478,16 +467,17 @@ pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="sound-mp3">
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<!--
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<sect1info>
|
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<authorgroup>
|
||||
<author>
|
||||
<firstname>Chern</firstname>
|
||||
<surname>Lee</surname>
|
||||
<contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
|
||||
<contrib>Contributed by in Sept 2001</contrib>
|
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
|
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<!-- 11 Sept 2001 -->
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</sect1info>
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-->
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|
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<title>MP3 Audio</title>
|
||||
|
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|
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Reference in a new issue