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Peter Pentchev 2003-01-12 18:20:55 +00:00
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14
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/boot/chapter.sgml
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ $FreeBSD$
</chapterinfo> </chapterinfo>
<title>Bootstrapping and kernel initialization</title> <title>Bootstrapping and kernel initialization</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This chapter is an overview of the boot and system <para>This chapter is an overview of the boot and system
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ $FreeBSD$
architecture is used as an example.</para> architecture is used as an example.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-overview">
<title>Overview</title> <title>Overview</title>
<para>A computer running FreeBSD can boot by several methods, <para>A computer running FreeBSD can boot by several methods,
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz</screen></para></entry>
</informaltable> </informaltable>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-bios">
<title>BIOS POST</title> <title>BIOS POST</title>
<para>When the PC powers on, the processor's registers are set <para>When the PC powers on, the processor's registers are set
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz</screen></para></entry>
sector.</para></footnote>.</para> sector.</para></footnote>.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-boot0">
<title><literal>boot0</literal> stage</title> <title><literal>boot0</literal> stage</title>
<para>Take a look at the file <filename>/boot/boot0</filename>. <para>Take a look at the file <filename>/boot/boot0</filename>.
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz</screen></para></entry>
<filename>boot2</filename>.</para> <filename>boot2</filename>.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-boot2">
<title><literal>boot2</literal> stage</title> <title><literal>boot2</literal> stage</title>
<para>You might wonder, why <literal>boot2</literal> comes after <para>You might wonder, why <literal>boot2</literal> comes after
@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ struct bootinfo {
0, 0, 0, VTOP(&amp;bootinfo));</programlisting> 0, 0, 0, VTOP(&amp;bootinfo));</programlisting>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-loader">
<title><application>loader</application> stage</title> <title><application>loader</application> stage</title>
<para><application>loader</application> is a BTX client as well. <para><application>loader</application> is a BTX client as well.
@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ struct bootinfo {
module_formats[km->m_loader]->l_exec(km);</programlisting> module_formats[km->m_loader]->l_exec(km);</programlisting>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-kernel">
<title>Kernel initialization</title> <title>Kernel initialization</title>
<para>To where exactly is the execution passed by the loader, <para>To where exactly is the execution passed by the loader,

10
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/driverbasics/chapter.sgml
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
variety of sources including the intro(4) manual page by variety of sources including the intro(4) manual page by
&a.joerg;.</para> &a.joerg;.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-intro">
<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<para>This chapter provides a brief introduction to writing device <para>This chapter provides a brief introduction to writing device
drivers for FreeBSD. A device in this context is a term used drivers for FreeBSD. A device in this context is a term used
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-kld">
<title>Dynamic Kernel Linker Facility - KLD</title> <title>Dynamic Kernel Linker Facility - KLD</title>
<para>The kld interface allows system administrators to <para>The kld interface allows system administrators to
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ KMOD=skeleton
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-access">
<title>Accessing a device driver</title> <title>Accessing a device driver</title>
<para>Unix provides a common set of system calls for user <para>Unix provides a common set of system calls for user
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ KMOD=skeleton
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-char">
<title>Character Devices</title> <title>Character Devices</title>
<para>A character device driver is one that transfers data <para>A character device driver is one that transfers data
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ Test Data</screen>
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-net">
<title>Network Drivers</title> <title>Network Drivers</title>
<para>Drivers for network devices do not use device nodes in order <para>Drivers for network devices do not use device nodes in order

24
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/isa/chapter.sgml
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
</emphasis> </emphasis>
</para> </para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This chapter introduces the issues relevant to writing a <para>This chapter introduces the issues relevant to writing a
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<literal>ep</literal> and <literal>aha</literal> are good sources of information.</para> <literal>ep</literal> and <literal>aha</literal> are good sources of information.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-basics">
<title>Basic information</title> <title>Basic information</title>
<para>A typical ISA driver would need the following include <para>A typical ISA driver would need the following include
@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-device-t">
<title>Device_t pointer</title> <title>Device_t pointer</title>
<para><structname>Device_t</structname> is the pointer type for <para><structname>Device_t</structname> is the pointer type for
@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-config">
<title>Configuration file and the order of identifying and probing <title>Configuration file and the order of identifying and probing
during auto-configuration</title> during auto-configuration</title>
@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-resources">
<title>Resources</title> <title>Resources</title>
<para>The information that a user enters into the kernel <para>The information that a user enters into the kernel
@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-busmem">
<title>Bus memory mapping</title> <title>Bus memory mapping</title>
<para>In many cases data is exchanged between the driver and the <para>In many cases data is exchanged between the driver and the
@ -1469,7 +1469,7 @@
<!--_________________________________________________________________________--> <!--_________________________________________________________________________-->
<!--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~END OF SECTION~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--> <!--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~END OF SECTION~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-->
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-dma">
<title>DMA</title> <title>DMA</title>
<!-- Section Marked up by Wylie --> <!-- Section Marked up by Wylie -->
<para> <para>
@ -1703,7 +1703,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-probe">
<title>xxx_isa_probe</title> <title>xxx_isa_probe</title>
<!-- Section marked up by Wylie --> <!-- Section marked up by Wylie -->
@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-attach">
<title>xxx_isa_attach</title> <title>xxx_isa_attach</title>
<!-- Section Marked up by Wylie --> <!-- Section Marked up by Wylie -->
@ -2341,7 +2341,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-detach">
<title>xxx_isa_detach</title> <title>xxx_isa_detach</title>
<para> <para>
@ -2404,7 +2404,7 @@
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-shutdown">
<title>xxx_isa_shutdown</title> <title>xxx_isa_shutdown</title>
<para> <para>
@ -2424,7 +2424,7 @@
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-intr">
<title>xxx_intr</title> <title>xxx_intr</title>
<para> <para>

6
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@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
article in Sys Admin Magazine, May 2001, entitled "Securing article in Sys Admin Magazine, May 2001, entitled "Securing
FreeBSD using <application>Jail</application>."</para> FreeBSD using <application>Jail</application>."</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="jail-arch">
<title>Architecture</title> <title>Architecture</title>
<para> <para>
@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ if (p2->p_prison) {
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="jail-restrictions">
<title>Restrictions</title> <title>Restrictions</title>
<para>Throughout the kernel there are access restrictions relating <para>Throughout the kernel there are access restrictions relating
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ int ufs.setattr(ap)
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="jail-jailng">
<title>Jail NG</title> <title>Jail NG</title>
<para>Jail NG is a "from-scratch re-implementation of Jail" by <para>Jail NG is a "from-scratch re-implementation of Jail" by

6
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/kobj/chapter.sgml
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
interface at run time and without breaking binary interface at run time and without breaking binary
compatibility.</para> compatibility.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kernel-objects-term">
<title>Terminology</title> <title>Terminology</title>
<variablelist> <variablelist>
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kernel-objects-operation">
<title>Kobj Operation</title> <title>Kobj Operation</title>
<para>Kobj works by generating descriptions of methods. Each <para>Kobj works by generating descriptions of methods. Each
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kernel-objects-using">
<title>Using Kobj</title> <title>Using Kobj</title>
<sect2> <sect2>

6
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/locking/chapter.sgml
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
are protected simply by always using atomic operations to access are protected simply by always using atomic operations to access
them.</para> them.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="locking-mutexes">
<title>Mutexes</title> <title>Mutexes</title>
<para>A mutex is simply a lock used to guarantee mutual exclusion. <para>A mutex is simply a lock used to guarantee mutual exclusion.
@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
</table> </table>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="locking-lockmgr">
<title>Lock Manager Locks</title> <title>Lock Manager Locks</title>
<para>Locks that are provided via the &man.lockmgr.9; interface <para>Locks that are provided via the &man.lockmgr.9; interface
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
</table> </table>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="locking-atomic">
<title>Atomically Protected Variables</title> <title>Atomically Protected Variables</title>
<para>An atomically protected variable is a special variable that <para>An atomically protected variable is a special variable that

4
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/pci/chapter.sgml
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<para>This chapter will talk about the FreeBSD mechanisms for <para>This chapter will talk about the FreeBSD mechanisms for
writing a device driver for a device on a PCI bus.</para> writing a device driver for a device on a PCI bus.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="pci-probe">
<title>Probe and Attach</title> <title>Probe and Attach</title>
<para>Information here about how the PCI bus code iterates through <para>Information here about how the PCI bus code iterates through
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ DRIVER_MODULE(mypci, pci, mypci_driver, mypci_devclass, 0, 0);</programlisting>
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="pci-bus">
<title>Bus Resources</title> <title>Bus Resources</title>
<para>FreeBSD provides an object-oriented mechanism for requesting <para>FreeBSD provides an object-oriented mechanism for requesting

14
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/scsi/chapter.sgml
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
Modifications for the handbook made by Modifications for the handbook made by
&a.murray;.</emphasis></para> &a.murray;.</emphasis></para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This document assumes that the reader has a general <para>This document assumes that the reader has a general
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-general">
<title>General architecture</title> <title>General architecture</title>
<para>CAM stands for Common Access Method. It is a generic way to <para>CAM stands for Common Access Method. It is a generic way to
@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ CCB as done.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-polling">
<title>Polling</title> <title>Polling</title>
<funcSynopsis><funcPrototype> <funcSynopsis><funcPrototype>
@ -1440,7 +1440,7 @@ xxx_poll(struct cam_sim *sim)
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-async">
<title>Asynchronous Events</title> <title>Asynchronous Events</title>
<para>If an asynchronous event callback has been set up then the <para>If an asynchronous event callback has been set up then the
@ -1490,7 +1490,7 @@ ahc_async(void *callback_arg, u_int32_t code, struct cam_path *path, void *arg)<
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-interrupts">
<title>Interrupts</title> <title>Interrupts</title>
<para>The exact type of the interrupt routine depends on the type <para>The exact type of the interrupt routine depends on the type
@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ ahc_async(void *callback_arg, u_int32_t code, struct cam_path *path, void *arg)<
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-errors">
<title>Errors Summary</title> <title>Errors Summary</title>
<para>When executing an I/O request many things may go wrong. The <para>When executing an I/O request many things may go wrong. The
@ -1936,7 +1936,7 @@ ahc_async(void *callback_arg, u_int32_t code, struct cam_path *path, void *arg)<
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-timeout">
<title>Timeout Handling</title> <title>Timeout Handling</title>
<para>When the timeout for an HCB expires that request should be <para>When the timeout for an HCB expires that request should be

6
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/sound/chapter.sgml
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<title>Sound subsystem</title> <title>Sound subsystem</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="oss-intro">
<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<para>The FreeBSD sound subsystem cleanly separates generic sound <para>The FreeBSD sound subsystem cleanly separates generic sound
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="oss-files">
<title>Files</title> <title>Files</title>
<para>All the relevant code currently (FreeBSD 4.4) lives in <para>All the relevant code currently (FreeBSD 4.4) lives in
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="oss-interfaces">
<title>Interfaces</title> <title>Interfaces</title>
<para>The interface between the <devicename>pcm</devicename> core <para>The interface between the <devicename>pcm</devicename> core

6
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/sysinit/chapter.sgml
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
using the <quote>kernel linker</quote> and <quote>linker using the <quote>kernel linker</quote> and <quote>linker
sets</quote>.</para> sets</quote>.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sysinit-term">
<title>Terminology</title> <title>Terminology</title>
<variablelist> <variablelist>
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sysinit-operation">
<title>Sysinit Operation</title> <title>Sysinit Operation</title>
<para>Sysinit relies on the ability of the linker to take static <para>Sysinit relies on the ability of the linker to take static
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sysinit-using">
<title>Using Sysinit</title> <title>Using Sysinit</title>
<sect2> <sect2>

2
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<para><emphasis>This chapter was written by &a.nhibma;. Modifications made for <para><emphasis>This chapter was written by &a.nhibma;. Modifications made for
the handbook by &a.murray;.</emphasis></para> the handbook by &a.murray;.</emphasis></para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="usb-intro">
<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<para>The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a new way of attaching <para>The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a new way of attaching

12
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/arch-handbook/vm/chapter.sgml
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<title>Virtual Memory System</title> <title>Virtual Memory System</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-physmem">
<title>Management of physical <title>Management of physical
memory&mdash;<literal>vm_page_t</literal></title> memory&mdash;<literal>vm_page_t</literal></title>
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
launder or swap-out a page.</para> launder or swap-out a page.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-cache">
<title>The unified buffer <title>The unified buffer
cache&mdash;<literal>vm_object_t</literal></title> cache&mdash;<literal>vm_object_t</literal></title>
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
instances.</para> instances.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-fileio">
<title>Filesystem I/O&mdash;<literal>struct buf</literal></title> <title>Filesystem I/O&mdash;<literal>struct buf</literal></title>
<para>vnode-backed VM objects, such as file-backed objects, generally <para>vnode-backed VM objects, such as file-backed objects, generally
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
problem.</para> problem.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-pagetables">
<title>Mapping Page Tables&mdash;<literal>vm_map_t, vm_entry_t</literal></title> <title>Mapping Page Tables&mdash;<literal>vm_map_t, vm_entry_t</literal></title>
<para>FreeBSD separates the physical page table topology from the VM <para>FreeBSD separates the physical page table topology from the VM
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
across the board.</para> across the board.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-kvm">
<title>KVM Memory Mapping</title> <title>KVM Memory Mapping</title>
<para>FreeBSD uses KVM to hold various kernel structures. The single <para>FreeBSD uses KVM to hold various kernel structures. The single
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
overview of current KVM utilization broken down by zone.</para> overview of current KVM utilization broken down by zone.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-tuning">
<title>Tuning the FreeBSD VM system</title> <title>Tuning the FreeBSD VM system</title>
<para>A concerted effort has been made to make the FreeBSD kernel <para>A concerted effort has been made to make the FreeBSD kernel

14
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/boot/chapter.sgml
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ $FreeBSD$
</chapterinfo> </chapterinfo>
<title>Bootstrapping and kernel initialization</title> <title>Bootstrapping and kernel initialization</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This chapter is an overview of the boot and system <para>This chapter is an overview of the boot and system
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ $FreeBSD$
architecture is used as an example.</para> architecture is used as an example.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-overview">
<title>Overview</title> <title>Overview</title>
<para>A computer running FreeBSD can boot by several methods, <para>A computer running FreeBSD can boot by several methods,
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz</screen></para></entry>
</informaltable> </informaltable>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-bios">
<title>BIOS POST</title> <title>BIOS POST</title>
<para>When the PC powers on, the processor's registers are set <para>When the PC powers on, the processor's registers are set
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz</screen></para></entry>
sector.</para></footnote>.</para> sector.</para></footnote>.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-boot0">
<title><literal>boot0</literal> stage</title> <title><literal>boot0</literal> stage</title>
<para>Take a look at the file <filename>/boot/boot0</filename>. <para>Take a look at the file <filename>/boot/boot0</filename>.
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz</screen></para></entry>
<filename>boot2</filename>.</para> <filename>boot2</filename>.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-boot2">
<title><literal>boot2</literal> stage</title> <title><literal>boot2</literal> stage</title>
<para>You might wonder, why <literal>boot2</literal> comes after <para>You might wonder, why <literal>boot2</literal> comes after
@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ struct bootinfo {
0, 0, 0, VTOP(&amp;bootinfo));</programlisting> 0, 0, 0, VTOP(&amp;bootinfo));</programlisting>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-loader">
<title><application>loader</application> stage</title> <title><application>loader</application> stage</title>
<para><application>loader</application> is a BTX client as well. <para><application>loader</application> is a BTX client as well.
@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ struct bootinfo {
module_formats[km->m_loader]->l_exec(km);</programlisting> module_formats[km->m_loader]->l_exec(km);</programlisting>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="boot-kernel">
<title>Kernel initialization</title> <title>Kernel initialization</title>
<para>To where exactly is the execution passed by the loader, <para>To where exactly is the execution passed by the loader,

10
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
variety of sources including the intro(4) manual page by variety of sources including the intro(4) manual page by
&a.joerg;.</para> &a.joerg;.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-intro">
<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<para>This chapter provides a brief introduction to writing device <para>This chapter provides a brief introduction to writing device
drivers for FreeBSD. A device in this context is a term used drivers for FreeBSD. A device in this context is a term used
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-kld">
<title>Dynamic Kernel Linker Facility - KLD</title> <title>Dynamic Kernel Linker Facility - KLD</title>
<para>The kld interface allows system administrators to <para>The kld interface allows system administrators to
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ KMOD=skeleton
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-access">
<title>Accessing a device driver</title> <title>Accessing a device driver</title>
<para>Unix provides a common set of system calls for user <para>Unix provides a common set of system calls for user
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ KMOD=skeleton
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-char">
<title>Character Devices</title> <title>Character Devices</title>
<para>A character device driver is one that transfers data <para>A character device driver is one that transfers data
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ Test Data</screen>
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="driverbasics-net">
<title>Network Drivers</title> <title>Network Drivers</title>
<para>Drivers for network devices do not use device nodes in order <para>Drivers for network devices do not use device nodes in order

8
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
</chapterinfo> </chapterinfo>
<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="introduction-devel">
<title>Developing on FreeBSD</title> <title>Developing on FreeBSD</title>
<para>So here we are. System all installed and you are ready to <para>So here we are. System all installed and you are ready to
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="introduction-bsdvision">
<title>The BSD Vision</title> <title>The BSD Vision</title>
<para>To produce the best UNIX-like operating system package <para>To produce the best UNIX-like operating system package
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
stability.</para> stability.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="introduction-archguide">
<title>Architectural Guidelines</title> <title>Architectural Guidelines</title>
<para>Our ideology can be described by the following <para>Our ideology can be described by the following
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="introduction-layout">
<title>The Layout of <title>The Layout of
<filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename></title> <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename></title>

24
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
</emphasis> </emphasis>
</para> </para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This chapter introduces the issues relevant to writing a <para>This chapter introduces the issues relevant to writing a
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<literal>ep</literal> and <literal>aha</literal> are good sources of information.</para> <literal>ep</literal> and <literal>aha</literal> are good sources of information.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-basics">
<title>Basic information</title> <title>Basic information</title>
<para>A typical ISA driver would need the following include <para>A typical ISA driver would need the following include
@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-device-t">
<title>Device_t pointer</title> <title>Device_t pointer</title>
<para><structname>Device_t</structname> is the pointer type for <para><structname>Device_t</structname> is the pointer type for
@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-config">
<title>Configuration file and the order of identifying and probing <title>Configuration file and the order of identifying and probing
during auto-configuration</title> during auto-configuration</title>
@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-resources">
<title>Resources</title> <title>Resources</title>
<para>The information that a user enters into the kernel <para>The information that a user enters into the kernel
@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-busmem">
<title>Bus memory mapping</title> <title>Bus memory mapping</title>
<para>In many cases data is exchanged between the driver and the <para>In many cases data is exchanged between the driver and the
@ -1469,7 +1469,7 @@
<!--_________________________________________________________________________--> <!--_________________________________________________________________________-->
<!--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~END OF SECTION~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--> <!--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~END OF SECTION~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-->
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-dma">
<title>DMA</title> <title>DMA</title>
<!-- Section Marked up by Wylie --> <!-- Section Marked up by Wylie -->
<para> <para>
@ -1703,7 +1703,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-probe">
<title>xxx_isa_probe</title> <title>xxx_isa_probe</title>
<!-- Section marked up by Wylie --> <!-- Section marked up by Wylie -->
@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-attach">
<title>xxx_isa_attach</title> <title>xxx_isa_attach</title>
<!-- Section Marked up by Wylie --> <!-- Section Marked up by Wylie -->
@ -2341,7 +2341,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-detach">
<title>xxx_isa_detach</title> <title>xxx_isa_detach</title>
<para> <para>
@ -2404,7 +2404,7 @@
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-shutdown">
<title>xxx_isa_shutdown</title> <title>xxx_isa_shutdown</title>
<para> <para>
@ -2424,7 +2424,7 @@
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="isa-driver-intr">
<title>xxx_intr</title> <title>xxx_intr</title>
<para> <para>

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@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
article in Sys Admin Magazine, May 2001, entitled "Securing article in Sys Admin Magazine, May 2001, entitled "Securing
FreeBSD using <application>Jail</application>."</para> FreeBSD using <application>Jail</application>."</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="jail-arch">
<title>Architecture</title> <title>Architecture</title>
<para> <para>
@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ if (p2->p_prison) {
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="jail-restrictions">
<title>Restrictions</title> <title>Restrictions</title>
<para>Throughout the kernel there are access restrictions relating <para>Throughout the kernel there are access restrictions relating
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ int ufs.setattr(ap)
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="jail-jailng">
<title>Jail NG</title> <title>Jail NG</title>
<para>Jail NG is a "from-scratch re-implementation of Jail" by <para>Jail NG is a "from-scratch re-implementation of Jail" by

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
<para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.paul; and &a.joerg;</emphasis></para> <para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.paul; and &a.joerg;</emphasis></para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kerneldebug-gdb">
<title>Debugging a Kernel Crash Dump with <command>gdb</command></title> <title>Debugging a Kernel Crash Dump with <command>gdb</command></title>
<para>Here are some instructions for getting kernel debugging <para>Here are some instructions for getting kernel debugging
@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kerneldebug-ddd">
<title>Debugging a Crash Dump with DDD</title> <title>Debugging a Crash Dump with DDD</title>
<para>Examining a kernel crash dump with a graphical debugger like <para>Examining a kernel crash dump with a graphical debugger like
@ -255,7 +255,7 @@
<command>ddd</command>'s graphical interface.</para> <command>ddd</command>'s graphical interface.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kerneldebug-post-mortem">
<title>Post-Mortem Analysis of a Dump</title> <title>Post-Mortem Analysis of a Dump</title>
<para>What do you do if a kernel dumped core but you did not expect it, <para>What do you do if a kernel dumped core but you did not expect it,
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
cases.</para> cases.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kerneldebug-online-ddb">
<title>On-Line Kernel Debugging Using DDB</title> <title>On-Line Kernel Debugging Using DDB</title>
<para>While <command>gdb <option>-k</option></command> as an off-line debugger provides a very <para>While <command>gdb <option>-k</option></command> as an off-line debugger provides a very
@ -498,7 +498,7 @@
single-stepping the kernel.</para> single-stepping the kernel.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kerneldebug-online-gdb">
<title>On-Line Kernel Debugging Using Remote GDB</title> <title>On-Line Kernel Debugging Using Remote GDB</title>
<para>This feature has been supported since FreeBSD 2.2, and it is <para>This feature has been supported since FreeBSD 2.2, and it is
@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ Debugger (msg=0xf01b0383 "Boot flags requested debugger")
window), etc.</para> window), etc.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kerneldebug-kld">
<title>Debugging Loadable Modules Using GDB</title> <title>Debugging Loadable Modules Using GDB</title>
<para>When debugging a panic that occurred within a module, or <para>When debugging a panic that occurred within a module, or
@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ Reading symbols from /sys/modules/linux/linux.ko...done.
module.</para> module.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kerneldebug-console">
<title>Debugging a Console Driver</title> <title>Debugging a Console Driver</title>
<para>Since you need a console driver to run DDB on, things are more <para>Since you need a console driver to run DDB on, things are more

6
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
interface at run time and without breaking binary interface at run time and without breaking binary
compatibility.</para> compatibility.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kernel-objects-term">
<title>Terminology</title> <title>Terminology</title>
<variablelist> <variablelist>
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kernel-objects-operation">
<title>Kobj Operation</title> <title>Kobj Operation</title>
<para>Kobj works by generating descriptions of methods. Each <para>Kobj works by generating descriptions of methods. Each
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kernel-objects-using">
<title>Using Kobj</title> <title>Using Kobj</title>
<sect2> <sect2>

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<chapter id="l10n"> <chapter id="l10n">
<title>Localization and Internationalization - L10N and I18N</title> <title>Localization and Internationalization - L10N and I18N</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="l10n-programming">
<title>Programming I18N Compliant Applications</title> <title>Programming I18N Compliant Applications</title>
<indexterm><primary>Qt</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>Qt</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>GTK</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>GTK</primary></indexterm>

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
are protected simply by always using atomic operations to access are protected simply by always using atomic operations to access
them.</para> them.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="locking-mutexes">
<title>Mutexes</title> <title>Mutexes</title>
<para>A mutex is simply a lock used to guarantee mutual exclusion. <para>A mutex is simply a lock used to guarantee mutual exclusion.
@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
</table> </table>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="locking-lockmgr">
<title>Lock Manager Locks</title> <title>Lock Manager Locks</title>
<para>Locks that are provided via the &man.lockmgr.9; interface <para>Locks that are provided via the &man.lockmgr.9; interface
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
</table> </table>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="locking-atomic">
<title>Atomically Protected Variables</title> <title>Atomically Protected Variables</title>
<para>An atomically protected variable is a special variable that <para>An atomically protected variable is a special variable that

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<para>This chapter will talk about the FreeBSD mechanisms for <para>This chapter will talk about the FreeBSD mechanisms for
writing a device driver for a device on a PCI bus.</para> writing a device driver for a device on a PCI bus.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="pci-probe">
<title>Probe and Attach</title> <title>Probe and Attach</title>
<para>Information here about how the PCI bus code iterates through <para>Information here about how the PCI bus code iterates through
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ DRIVER_MODULE(mypci, pci, mypci_driver, mypci_devclass, 0, 0);</programlisting>
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="pci-bus">
<title>Bus Resources</title> <title>Bus Resources</title>
<para>FreeBSD provides an object-oriented mechanism for requesting <para>FreeBSD provides an object-oriented mechanism for requesting

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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
Modifications for the handbook made by Modifications for the handbook made by
&a.murray;.</emphasis></para> &a.murray;.</emphasis></para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This document assumes that the reader has a general <para>This document assumes that the reader has a general
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-general">
<title>General architecture</title> <title>General architecture</title>
<para>CAM stands for Common Access Method. It is a generic way to <para>CAM stands for Common Access Method. It is a generic way to
@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ CCB as done.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-polling">
<title>Polling</title> <title>Polling</title>
<funcSynopsis><funcPrototype> <funcSynopsis><funcPrototype>
@ -1440,7 +1440,7 @@ xxx_poll(struct cam_sim *sim)
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-async">
<title>Asynchronous Events</title> <title>Asynchronous Events</title>
<para>If an asynchronous event callback has been set up then the <para>If an asynchronous event callback has been set up then the
@ -1490,7 +1490,7 @@ ahc_async(void *callback_arg, u_int32_t code, struct cam_path *path, void *arg)<
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-interrupts">
<title>Interrupts</title> <title>Interrupts</title>
<para>The exact type of the interrupt routine depends on the type <para>The exact type of the interrupt routine depends on the type
@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ ahc_async(void *callback_arg, u_int32_t code, struct cam_path *path, void *arg)<
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-errors">
<title>Errors Summary</title> <title>Errors Summary</title>
<para>When executing an I/O request many things may go wrong. The <para>When executing an I/O request many things may go wrong. The
@ -1936,7 +1936,7 @@ ahc_async(void *callback_arg, u_int32_t code, struct cam_path *path, void *arg)<
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="scsi-timeout">
<title>Timeout Handling</title> <title>Timeout Handling</title>
<para>When the timeout for an HCB expires that request should be <para>When the timeout for an HCB expires that request should be

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
<para>This chapter was written by &a.murray;.</para> <para>This chapter was written by &a.murray;.</para>
<sect1><title>Synopsis</title> <sect1 id="secure-synopsis"><title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This chapter describes some of the security issues that <para>This chapter describes some of the security issues that
have plagued Unix programmers for decades and some of the new have plagued Unix programmers for decades and some of the new
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
operations are rarely atomic.</para> operations are rarely atomic.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1><title>Buffer Overflows</title> <sect1 id="secure-bufferov"><title>Buffer Overflows</title>
<para>Buffer Overflows have been around since the very <para>Buffer Overflows have been around since the very
beginnings of the Von-Neuman <xref linkend="COD"> architecture. beginnings of the Von-Neuman <xref linkend="COD"> architecture.
@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ int main() {
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1><title>SetUID issues</title> <sect1 id="secure-setuid"><title>SetUID issues</title>
<indexterm><primary>seteuid</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>seteuid</primary></indexterm>
@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ int main() {
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1><title>Trust</title> <sect1 id="secure-trust"><title>Trust</title>
<para>An application should never assume that anything about the <para>An application should never assume that anything about the
users environment is sane. This includes (but is certainly not users environment is sane. This includes (but is certainly not

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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<title>Sound subsystem</title> <title>Sound subsystem</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="oss-intro">
<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<para>The FreeBSD sound subsystem cleanly separates generic sound <para>The FreeBSD sound subsystem cleanly separates generic sound
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="oss-files">
<title>Files</title> <title>Files</title>
<para>All the relevant code currently (FreeBSD 4.4) lives in <para>All the relevant code currently (FreeBSD 4.4) lives in
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="oss-interfaces">
<title>Interfaces</title> <title>Interfaces</title>
<para>The interface between the <devicename>pcm</devicename> core <para>The interface between the <devicename>pcm</devicename> core

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
using the <quote>kernel linker</quote> and <quote>linker using the <quote>kernel linker</quote> and <quote>linker
sets</quote>.</para> sets</quote>.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sysinit-term">
<title>Terminology</title> <title>Terminology</title>
<variablelist> <variablelist>
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sysinit-operation">
<title>Sysinit Operation</title> <title>Sysinit Operation</title>
<para>Sysinit relies on the ability of the linker to take static <para>Sysinit relies on the ability of the linker to take static
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sysinit-using">
<title>Using Sysinit</title> <title>Using Sysinit</title>
<sect2> <sect2>

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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
</chapterinfo> </chapterinfo>
<title>Programming Tools</title> <title>Programming Tools</title>
<sect1><title>Synopsis</title> <sect1 id="tools-synopsis"><title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This chapter is an introduction to using some of the <para>This chapter is an introduction to using some of the
programming tools supplied with FreeBSD, although much of it programming tools supplied with FreeBSD, although much of it
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1><title>Introduction</title> <sect1 id="tools-intro"><title>Introduction</title>
<para>FreeBSD offers an excellent development environment. <para>FreeBSD offers an excellent development environment.
Compilers for C, C++, and Fortran and an assembler come with the Compilers for C, C++, and Fortran and an assembler come with the
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="tools-programming">
<title>Introduction to Programming</title> <title>Introduction to Programming</title>
<para>A program is a set of instructions that tell the computer to <para>A program is a set of instructions that tell the computer to
@ -340,7 +340,7 @@
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="tools-compiling">
<title>Compiling with <command>cc</command></title> <title>Compiling with <command>cc</command></title>
<para>This section deals only with the GNU compiler for C and C++, <para>This section deals only with the GNU compiler for C and C++,
@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ free(foo);
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="tools-make">
<title>Make</title> <title>Make</title>
<sect2> <sect2>
@ -2282,7 +2282,7 @@ in font-lock-auto-mode-list"
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="tools-reading">
<title>Further Reading</title> <title>Further Reading</title>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>

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<para><emphasis>This chapter was written by &a.nhibma;. Modifications made for <para><emphasis>This chapter was written by &a.nhibma;. Modifications made for
the handbook by &a.murray;.</emphasis></para> the handbook by &a.murray;.</emphasis></para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="usb-intro">
<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<para>The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a new way of attaching <para>The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a new way of attaching

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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<title>Virtual Memory System</title> <title>Virtual Memory System</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-physmem">
<title>Management of physical <title>Management of physical
memory&mdash;<literal>vm_page_t</literal></title> memory&mdash;<literal>vm_page_t</literal></title>
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
launder or swap-out a page.</para> launder or swap-out a page.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-cache">
<title>The unified buffer <title>The unified buffer
cache&mdash;<literal>vm_object_t</literal></title> cache&mdash;<literal>vm_object_t</literal></title>
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
instances.</para> instances.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-fileio">
<title>Filesystem I/O&mdash;<literal>struct buf</literal></title> <title>Filesystem I/O&mdash;<literal>struct buf</literal></title>
<para>vnode-backed VM objects, such as file-backed objects, generally <para>vnode-backed VM objects, such as file-backed objects, generally
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
problem.</para> problem.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-pagetables">
<title>Mapping Page Tables&mdash;<literal>vm_map_t, vm_entry_t</literal></title> <title>Mapping Page Tables&mdash;<literal>vm_map_t, vm_entry_t</literal></title>
<para>FreeBSD separates the physical page table topology from the VM <para>FreeBSD separates the physical page table topology from the VM
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
across the board.</para> across the board.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-kvm">
<title>KVM Memory Mapping</title> <title>KVM Memory Mapping</title>
<para>FreeBSD uses KVM to hold various kernel structures. The single <para>FreeBSD uses KVM to hold various kernel structures. The single
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
overview of current KVM utilization broken down by zone.</para> overview of current KVM utilization broken down by zone.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vm-tuning">
<title>Tuning the FreeBSD VM system</title> <title>Tuning the FreeBSD VM system</title>
<para>A concerted effort has been made to make the FreeBSD kernel <para>A concerted effort has been made to make the FreeBSD kernel

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@ -123,10 +123,10 @@
</abstract> </abstract>
</bookinfo> </bookinfo>
<preface> <preface id="preface">
<title>Preface</title> <title>Preface</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="preface-prompts">
<title>Shell Prompts</title> <title>Shell Prompts</title>
<para>The following table shows the default system prompt and superuser <para>The following table shows the default system prompt and superuser
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
</informaltable> </informaltable>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="preface-conventions">
<title>Typographic Conventions</title> <title>Typographic Conventions</title>
<para>The following table describes the typographic conventions used in <para>The following table describes the typographic conventions used in
@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ Password:</screen></entry>
</informaltable> </informaltable>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="preface-notes">
<title>Notes, tips, important information, warnings, and examples</title> <title>Notes, tips, important information, warnings, and examples</title>
<para>Within the text appear notes, warnings, and examples.</para> <para>Within the text appear notes, warnings, and examples.</para>
@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ Password:</screen></entry>
</example> </example>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="preface-acknowledgements">
<title>Acknowledgments</title> <title>Acknowledgments</title>
<para>My thanks to Sue Blake, Patrick Durusau, Jon Hamilton, Peter <para>My thanks to Sue Blake, Patrick Durusau, Jon Hamilton, Peter

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@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<sect1> <sect1 id="doc-build-toolset">
<title>The FreeBSD Documentation Build Toolset</title> <title>The FreeBSD Documentation Build Toolset</title>
<para>Here are your tools. Use them every way you can.</para> <para>Here are your tools. Use them every way you can.</para>
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
</note> </note>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="doc-build-makefiles">
<title>Understanding Makefiles in the Documentation tree</title> <title>Understanding Makefiles in the Documentation tree</title>
<para>There are three main types of <filename>Makefile</filename>s <para>There are three main types of <filename>Makefile</filename>s

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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
stylesheets by the FreeBSD Documentation Project. This makes them more stylesheets by the FreeBSD Documentation Project. This makes them more
useful as generic DocBook examples.</para> useful as generic DocBook examples.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="examples-docbook-book">
<title>DocBook <sgmltag>book</sgmltag></title> <title>DocBook <sgmltag>book</sgmltag></title>
<example> <example>
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
</example> </example>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="examples-docbook-article">
<title>DocBook <sgmltag>article</sgmltag></title> <title>DocBook <sgmltag>article</sgmltag></title>
<example> <example>
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
</example> </example>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="examples-formatted">
<title>Producing formatted output</title> <title>Producing formatted output</title>
<para>This section assumes that you have installed the software listed in <para>This section assumes that you have installed the software listed in

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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<sect1> <sect1 id="overview-doc">
<title>The FreeBSD Documentation Set</title> <title>The FreeBSD Documentation Set</title>
<para>The FDP is responsible for four categories of FreeBSD <para>The FDP is responsible for four categories of FreeBSD
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
possible.</para> possible.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="overview-before">
<title>Before you start</title> <title>Before you start</title>
<para>This document assumes that you already know:</para> <para>This document assumes that you already know:</para>
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="overview-quick-start">
<title>Quick Start</title> <title>Quick Start</title>
<para>If you just want to get going, and feel confident you can pick <para>If you just want to get going, and feel confident you can pick

10
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
information about these, you are encouraged to see the following web information about these, you are encouraged to see the following web
sites.</para> sites.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="see-also-fdp">
<title>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</title> <title>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</title>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="see-also-sgml">
<title>SGML</title> <title>SGML</title>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="see-also-html">
<title>HTML</title> <title>HTML</title>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="see-also-docbook">
<title>DocBook</title> <title>DocBook</title>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="see-also-linuxdoc">
<title>The Linux Documentation Project</title> <title>The Linux Documentation Project</title>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>

4
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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
break (and other processing) when it is encountered.</para> break (and other processing) when it is encountered.</para>
</note> </note>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sgml-markup-html">
<title>HTML</title> <title>HTML</title>
<para>HTML, the HyperText Markup Language, is the markup language of <para>HTML, the HyperText Markup Language, is the markup language of
@ -655,7 +655,7 @@
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sgml-markup-docbook">
<title>DocBook</title> <title>DocBook</title>
<para>DocBook was designed by the <ulink <para>DocBook was designed by the <ulink

10
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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<para>Portions of this section were inspired by Mark Galassi's <ulink <para>Portions of this section were inspired by Mark Galassi's <ulink
url="http://nis-www.lanl.gov/~rosalia/mydocs/docbook-intro/docbook-intro.html">Get Going With DocBook</ulink>.</para> url="http://nis-www.lanl.gov/~rosalia/mydocs/docbook-intro/docbook-intro.html">Get Going With DocBook</ulink>.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sgml-primer-overview">
<title>Overview</title> <title>Overview</title>
<para>Way back when, electronic text was simple to deal with. Admittedly, <para>Way back when, electronic text was simple to deal with. Admittedly,
@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ nsgmls:example.sgml:6:8:E: end tag for "HEAD" which is not finished</screen>
document&hellip;</para> document&hellip;</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sgml-primer-comments">
<title>Comments</title> <title>Comments</title>
<para>Comments are an SGML construction, and are normally only valid <para>Comments are an SGML construction, and are normally only valid
@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ nsgmls:example.sgml:6:8:E: end tag for "HEAD" which is not finished</screen>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sgml-primer-entities">
<title>Entities</title> <title>Entities</title>
<para>Entities are a mechanism for assigning names to chunks of content. <para>Entities are a mechanism for assigning names to chunks of content.
@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ nsgmls:example.sgml:6:8:E: end tag for "HEAD" which is not finished</screen>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sgml-primer-include">
<title>Using entities to include files</title> <title>Using entities to include files</title>
<para>Entities (both <link <para>Entities (both <link
@ -1558,7 +1558,7 @@ nsgmls:example.sgml:6:8:E: end tag for "HEAD" which is not finished</screen>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="sgml-primer-conclusion">
<title>Conclusion</title> <title>Conclusion</title>
<para>That is the conclusion of this SGML primer. For reasons of space <para>That is the conclusion of this SGML primer. For reasons of space

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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
encodings. It is important that the structure of the documentation tree encodings. It is important that the structure of the documentation tree
does not enforce any particular defaults or cultural preferences.</para> does not enforce any particular defaults or cultural preferences.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="structure-top">
<title>The top level, <filename>doc/</filename></title> <title>The top level, <filename>doc/</filename></title>
<para>There are two types of directory under <filename>doc/</filename>, <para>There are two types of directory under <filename>doc/</filename>,
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
</segmentedlist> </segmentedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="structure-locale">
<title>The <title>The
<filename><replaceable>lang</replaceable>.<replaceable>encoding</replaceable>/</filename> directories</title> <filename><replaceable>lang</replaceable>.<replaceable>encoding</replaceable>/</filename> directories</title>
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
team.</para> team.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="structure-document">
<title>Document specific information</title> <title>Document specific information</title>
<para>This section contains specific notes about particular documents <para>This section contains specific notes about particular documents

4
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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<para>For DocBook, we are using stylesheets written in DSSSL. For HTML we <para>For DocBook, we are using stylesheets written in DSSSL. For HTML we
are using CSS.</para> are using CSS.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="stylesheets-dsssl">
<title>* DSSSL</title> <title>* DSSSL</title>
<para>The Documentation Project uses a slightly customised version of <para>The Documentation Project uses a slightly customised version of
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
formatted.</para> formatted.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="stylesheets-css">
<title>CSS</title> <title>CSS</title>
<para>Cascading Stylesheets (CSS) are a mechanism for attaching style <para>Cascading Stylesheets (CSS) are a mechanism for attaching style

8
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
<chapter id="the-website"> <chapter id="the-website">
<title>The Website</title> <title>The Website</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="the-website-prep">
<title>Preparation</title> <title>Preparation</title>
<para>Get 200MB free disk space. You will need the disk space for the <para>Get 200MB free disk space. You will need the disk space for the
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
<literal>ports</literal> - is currently 650MB large.</para> <literal>ports</literal> - is currently 650MB large.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="the-website-build">
<title>Build the web pages from scratch</title> <title>Build the web pages from scratch</title>
<procedure> <procedure>
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
</procedure> </procedure>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="the-website-install">
<title>Install the web pages into your web server</title> <title>Install the web pages into your web server</title>
<procedure> <procedure>
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
</procedure> </procedure>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="the-website-env">
<title>Environment variables</title> <title>Environment variables</title>
<variablelist> <variablelist>

4
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@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
PostScript or PDF output require TeX.</para> PostScript or PDF output require TeX.</para>
</tip> </tip>
<sect1> <sect1 id="tools-mandatory">
<title>Mandatory tools</title> <title>Mandatory tools</title>
<sect2> <sect2>
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="tools-optional">
<title>Optional tools</title> <title>Optional tools</title>
<para>You do not need to have any of the following installed. However, <para>You do not need to have any of the following installed. However,

4
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@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
url="http://www.bartleby.com/141/">Elements of url="http://www.bartleby.com/141/">Elements of
Style</ulink>, by William Strunk.</para> Style</ulink>, by William Strunk.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="writing-style-guide">
<title>Style guide</title> <title>Style guide</title>
<para>To keep the source for the Handbook consistent when many different <para>To keep the source for the Handbook consistent when many different
@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ GB. Hardware compression &hellip;</literallayout>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="writing-style-word-list">
<title>Word list</title> <title>Word list</title>
<para>The following is a small list of words spelled the way they <para>The following is a small list of words spelled the way they

2
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<chapter id="advanced-networking"> <chapter id="advanced-networking">
<title>Advanced Networking</title> <title>Advanced Networking</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="advanced-networking-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This chapter will cover some of the more frequently used network <para>This chapter will cover some of the more frequently used network

2
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<chapter id="backups"> <chapter id="backups">
<title>Backups</title> <title>Backups</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="backups-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>The following chapter will cover methods of backing up data, and <para>The following chapter will cover methods of backing up data, and

8
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<title>Unix Basics</title> <title>Unix Basics</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="basics-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm><primary>basics</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>basics</primary></indexterm>
@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ Swap: 256M Total, 38M Used, 217M Free, 15% Inuse
this can be changed with the <option>s</option> option.</para> this can be changed with the <option>s</option> option.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="basics-daemons">
<title>Daemons, Signals, and Killing Processes</title> <title>Daemons, Signals, and Killing Processes</title>
<para>When you run an editor it is easy to control the editor, tell it to <para>When you run an editor it is easy to control the editor, tell it to
@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ Swap: 256M Total, 38M Used, 217M Free, 15% Inuse
will save you much more time in the long run.</para> will save you much more time in the long run.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="basics-devices">
<title>Devices and Device Nodes</title> <title>Devices and Device Nodes</title>
<para>A device is a term used mostly for hardware-related <para>A device is a term used mostly for hardware-related
@ -1660,7 +1660,7 @@ console none unknown off secure</programlisting>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="basics-more-information">
<title>For More Information</title> <title>For More Information</title>
<sect2 id="basics-man"> <sect2 id="basics-man">

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@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
&chap.preface; &chap.preface;
<part> <part id="getting-started">
<title>Getting Started</title> <title>Getting Started</title>
<partintro> <partintro>
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
<![ %chap.x11; [ &chap.x11; ]]> <![ %chap.x11; [ &chap.x11; ]]>
</part> </part>
<part> <part id="system-administration">
<title>System Administration</title> <title>System Administration</title>
<partintro> <partintro>
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
<![ %chap.linuxemu; [ &chap.linuxemu; ]]> <![ %chap.linuxemu; [ &chap.linuxemu; ]]>
</part> </part>
<part> <part id="appendicies">
<title>Appendices</title> <title>Appendices</title>
<![ %chap.mirrors; [ &chap.mirrors; ]]> <![ %chap.mirrors; [ &chap.mirrors; ]]>

2
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
$FreeBSD$ $FreeBSD$
--> -->
<colophon> <colophon id='colophon'>
<para>This book is the combined work of hundreds of contributors to <para>This book is the combined work of hundreds of contributors to
<quote>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</quote>. The text is authored in SGML <quote>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</quote>. The text is authored in SGML
according to the DocBook DTD and is formatted from SGML into many according to the DocBook DTD and is formatted from SGML into many

4
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<title>Configuration and Tuning</title> <title>Configuration and Tuning</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="config-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm><primary>system configuration/optimization</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>system configuration/optimization</primary></indexterm>
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ exit 0
system boot.</para> system boot.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="config-network-setup">
<sect1info> <sect1info>
<authorgroup> <authorgroup>
<author> <author>

2
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<title>The Cutting Edge</title> <title>The Cutting Edge</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="cutting-edge-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>&os; is under constant development between releases. For <para>&os; is under constant development between releases. For

6
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<title>Installing FreeBSD</title> <title>Installing FreeBSD</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="install-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>installation</primary></indexterm>
@ -2610,7 +2610,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="install-choosing">
<title>Choosing What To Install</title> <title>Choosing What To Install</title>
<sect2 id="distset"> <sect2 id="distset">
@ -4898,7 +4898,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="install-supported-hardware">
<title>Supported Hardware</title> <title>Supported Hardware</title>
<indexterm><primary>hardware</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>hardware</primary></indexterm>

2
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="introduction-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>Thank you for your interest in FreeBSD! The following chapter <para>Thank you for your interest in FreeBSD! The following chapter

4
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<title>Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel</title> <title>Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kernelconfig-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm> <indexterm>
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="kernelconfig-custom-kernel">
<title>Why Build a Custom Kernel?</title> <title>Why Build a Custom Kernel?</title>
<para>Traditionally, FreeBSD has had what is called a <para>Traditionally, FreeBSD has had what is called a

6
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<title>Localization - I18N/L10N Usage and Setup</title> <title>Localization - I18N/L10N Usage and Setup</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="l10n-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>FreeBSD is a very distributed project with users and <para>FreeBSD is a very distributed project with users and
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="l10n-basics">
<title>The Basics</title> <title>The Basics</title>
<sect2> <sect2>
@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ keychange="<replaceable>fkey_number sequence</replaceable>"</programlisting>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="l10n-compiling">
<title>Compiling I18N Programs</title> <title>Compiling I18N Programs</title>
<para>Many FreeBSD Ports have been ported with I18N support. Some <para>Many FreeBSD Ports have been ported with I18N support. Some

4
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<title>Linux Binary Compatibility</title> <title>Linux Binary Compatibility</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="linuxemu-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm><primary>Linux binary compatibility</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>Linux binary compatibility</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm> <indexterm>
@ -2939,7 +2939,7 @@ options SHMMAXPGS=393216
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="linuxemu-advanced">
<title>Advanced Topics</title> <title>Advanced Topics</title>
<para>If you are curious as to how the Linux binary compatibility <para>If you are curious as to how the Linux binary compatibility

2
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<title>Electronic Mail</title> <title>Electronic Mail</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="mail-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm><primary>email</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>email</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>electronic mail</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>electronic mail</primary></indexterm>

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<appendix id="mirrors"> <appendix id="mirrors">
<title>Obtaining FreeBSD</title> <title>Obtaining FreeBSD</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="mirrors-cdrom">
<title>CDROM Publishers</title> <title>CDROM Publishers</title>
<sect2> <sect2>

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<chapter id="ports"> <chapter id="ports">
<title>Installing Applications: Packages and Ports</title> <title>Installing Applications: Packages and Ports</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="ports-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm><primary>ports</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>ports</primary></indexterm>
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="ports-overview">
<title>Overview of Software Installation</title> <title>Overview of Software Installation</title>
<para>If you have used a Unix system before you will know that the typical <para>If you have used a Unix system before you will know that the typical
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
ports to install and manage third party software on FreeBSD.</para> ports to install and manage third party software on FreeBSD.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="ports-finding-applications">
<title>Finding Your Application</title> <title>Finding Your Application</title>
<para>Before you can install any applications you need to know what you <para>Before you can install any applications you need to know what you

2
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<title>PPP and SLIP</title> <title>PPP and SLIP</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="ppp-and-slip-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm id="ppp-ppp"> <indexterm id="ppp-ppp">
<primary>PPP</primary> <primary>PPP</primary>

2
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<title>Printing</title> <title>Printing</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="printing-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm><primary>LPD spooling system</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>LPD spooling system</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>printing</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>printing</primary></indexterm>

2
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<title>Security</title> <title>Security</title>
<indexterm><primary>security</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>security</primary></indexterm>
<sect1> <sect1 id="security-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>This chapter will provide a basic introduction to system security <para>This chapter will provide a basic introduction to system security

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@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
creating an abstract device which stores its data on a number of disks.</para> creating an abstract device which stores its data on a number of disks.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vinum-access-bottlenecks">
<title>Access bottlenecks</title> <title>Access bottlenecks</title>
<para>Modern systems frequently need to access data in a highly <para>Modern systems frequently need to access data in a highly
concurrent manner. For example, large FTP or HTTP servers can maintain concurrent manner. For example, large FTP or HTTP servers can maintain
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vinum-data-integrity">
<title>Data integrity</title> <title>Data integrity</title>
<para>The final problem with current disks is that they are unreliable. <para>The final problem with current disks is that they are unreliable.
Although disk drive reliability has increased tremendously over the last Although disk drive reliability has increased tremendously over the last
@ -673,7 +673,7 @@
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="vinum-object-naming">
<title>Object naming</title> <title>Object naming</title>
<para>As described above, Vinum assigns default names to plexes and <para>As described above, Vinum assigns default names to plexes and
subdisks, although they may be overridden. Overriding the default names subdisks, although they may be overridden. Overriding the default names

2
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View file

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<chapter id="x11"> <chapter id="x11">
<title>The X Window System</title> <title>The X Window System</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="x11-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<para>FreeBSD uses <application>XFree86</application> to provide users with <para>FreeBSD uses <application>XFree86</application> to provide users with

106
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/book.sgml
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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
</bookinfo> </bookinfo>
<chapter> <chapter id="own-port">
<title>Making a port yourself</title> <title>Making a port yourself</title>
<para>So, now you are interested in making your own port or <para>So, now you are interested in making your own port or
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
have to refer to the next section too.</para> have to refer to the next section too.</para>
</note> </note>
<sect1> <sect1 id="porting-makefile">
<title>Writing the <filename>Makefile</filename></title> <title>Writing the <filename>Makefile</filename></title>
<para>The minimal <filename>Makefile</filename> would look something <para>The minimal <filename>Makefile</filename> would look something
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ USE_IMAKE= yes
linkend="porting-samplem">sample Makefile</link> section.</para> linkend="porting-samplem">sample Makefile</link> section.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="porting-desc">
<title>Writing the description files</title> <title>Writing the description files</title>
<para>There are three description files that are required for <para>There are three description files that are required for
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="porting-checksum">
<title>Creating the checksum file</title> <title>Creating the checksum file</title>
<para>Just type <command>make makesum</command>. The ports make rules <para>Just type <command>make makesum</command>. The ports make rules
@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
</sect1> </sect1>
</chapter> </chapter>
<chapter> <chapter id="slow">
<title>Slow Porting</title> <title>Slow Porting</title>
<para>Ok, so it was not that simple, and the port required some <para>Ok, so it was not that simple, and the port required some
@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
step by step, how to modify it to get it to work with the ports step by step, how to modify it to get it to work with the ports
paradigm.</para> paradigm.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="slow-work">
<title>How things work</title> <title>How things work</title>
<para>First, this is the sequence of events which occurs when the user <para>First, this is the sequence of events which occurs when the user
@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
create the perfect port.</para> create the perfect port.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="slow-sources">
<title>Getting the original sources</title> <title>Getting the original sources</title>
<para>Get the original sources (normally) as a compressed tarball <para>Get the original sources (normally) as a compressed tarball
@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
linkend="porting-patchfiles">PATCHFILES</link> below).</para> linkend="porting-patchfiles">PATCHFILES</link> below).</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="slow-modifying">
<title>Modifying the port</title> <title>Modifying the port</title>
<para>Unpack a copy of the tarball in a private directory and make <para>Unpack a copy of the tarball in a private directory and make
@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
</note> </note>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="slow-patch">
<title>Patching</title> <title>Patching</title>
<para>In the preparation of the port, files that have been added or <para>In the preparation of the port, files that have been added or
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
it up into one source file per patch file.</para> it up into one source file per patch file.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="slow-configure">
<title>Configuring</title> <title>Configuring</title>
<para>Include any additional customization commands in your <para>Include any additional customization commands in your
@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
<filename>post-configure</filename>.</para> <filename>post-configure</filename>.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="slow-user-input">
<title>Handling user input</title> <title>Handling user input</title>
<para>If your port requires user input to build, configure, or install, <para>If your port requires user input to build, configure, or install,
@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
</sect1> </sect1>
</chapter> </chapter>
<chapter> <chapter id="makefile">
<title>Configuring the Makefile</title> <title>Configuring the Makefile</title>
<para>Configuring the Makefile is pretty simple, and again we suggest <para>Configuring the Makefile is pretty simple, and again we suggest
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
<para>Now, consider the following problems in sequence as you design <para>Now, consider the following problems in sequence as you design
your new Makefile:</para> your new Makefile:</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="makefile-source">
<title>The original source</title> <title>The original source</title>
<para>Does it live in <makevar>DISTDIR</makevar> as a standard <para>Does it live in <makevar>DISTDIR</makevar> as a standard
@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm
necessary.</para> necessary.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="makefile-naming">
<title>Naming</title> <title>Naming</title>
<para>The first part of the port's <filename>Makefile</filename> names <para>The first part of the port's <filename>Makefile</filename> names
@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ PORTEPOCH= 1</programlisting>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="makefile-categories">
<title>Categorisation</title> <title>Categorisation</title>
<sect2> <sect2>
@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@ PORTEPOCH= 1</programlisting>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="makefile-distfiles">
<title>The distribution files</title> <title>The distribution files</title>
<para>The second part of the <filename>Makefile</filename> describes the <para>The second part of the <filename>Makefile</filename> describes the
@ -2610,7 +2610,7 @@ PATCHFILES= patch1:test</programlisting>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="makefile-maintainer">
<title><makevar>MAINTAINER</makevar></title> <title><makevar>MAINTAINER</makevar></title>
<para>Set your mail-address here. Please. <!-- smiley <para>Set your mail-address here. Please. <!-- smiley
@ -2621,7 +2621,7 @@ PATCHFILES= patch1:test</programlisting>
Makefiles</ulink> section.</para> Makefiles</ulink> section.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="makefile-depend">
<title>Dependencies</title> <title>Dependencies</title>
<para>Many ports depend on other ports. There are five variables that <para>Many ports depend on other ports. There are five variables that
@ -2963,7 +2963,7 @@ PATCHFILES= patch1:test</programlisting>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="makefile-wrkdir">
<title>Specifying the working directory</title> <title>Specifying the working directory</title>
<para>Each port is extracted in to a working directory, which must be <para>Each port is extracted in to a working directory, which must be
@ -3008,7 +3008,7 @@ PORTVERSION= 1.0</programlisting>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="makefile-build">
<title>Building mechanisms</title> <title>Building mechanisms</title>
<para>If your package uses GNU <command>make</command>, set <para>If your package uses GNU <command>make</command>, set
@ -3050,7 +3050,7 @@ PORTVERSION= 1.0</programlisting>
</sect1> </sect1>
</chapter> </chapter>
<chapter> <chapter id="special">
<title>Special considerations</title> <title>Special considerations</title>
<para>There are some more things you have to take into account when you <para>There are some more things you have to take into account when you
@ -3467,7 +3467,7 @@ LDCONFIG_DIRS= %%PREFIX%%/lib/foo %%PREFIX%%/lib/bar</programlisting>
</table> </table>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="using-gnome">
<title>Using GNOME</title> <title>Using GNOME</title>
<para>The FreeBSD/GNOME project uses a system called <para>The FreeBSD/GNOME project uses a system called
@ -3479,7 +3479,7 @@ LDCONFIG_DIRS= %%PREFIX%%/lib/foo %%PREFIX%%/lib/bar</programlisting>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="using-kde">
<title>Using KDE</title> <title>Using KDE</title>
<table frame="none"> <table frame="none">
@ -3539,31 +3539,31 @@ LDCONFIG_DIRS= %%PREFIX%%/lib/foo %%PREFIX%%/lib/bar</programlisting>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="using-bison">
<title>Using Bison</title> <title>Using Bison</title>
<para></para> <para></para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="using-java">
<title>Using Java</title> <title>Using Java</title>
<para></para> <para></para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="using-python">
<title>Using Python</title> <title>Using Python</title>
<para></para> <para></para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="using-emacs">
<title>Using Emacs</title> <title>Using Emacs</title>
<para></para> <para></para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="using-ruby">
<title>Using Ruby</title> <title>Using Ruby</title>
<para></para> <para></para>
@ -3797,7 +3797,7 @@ MASTERDIR= ${.CURDIR}/../xdvi300
resolution set to 118.</para> resolution set to 118.</para>
</chapter> </chapter>
<chapter> <chapter id="shared">
<title>Shared library versions</title> <title>Shared library versions</title>
<para>Please read our <ulink url="../developers-handbook/policies-shlib.html">policy on <para>Please read our <ulink url="../developers-handbook/policies-shlib.html">policy on
@ -3922,7 +3922,7 @@ ${PREFIX}/man/ja/man4/baz.4.gz</programlisting>
binaries linked either dynamically (for people who are compiling from binaries linked either dynamically (for people who are compiling from
the port) or statically (for people who distribute packages).</para> the port) or statically (for people who distribute packages).</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="motif-use">
<title><makevar>USE_MOTIF</makevar></title> <title><makevar>USE_MOTIF</makevar></title>
<para>If your port requires Motif, define this variable in the <para>If your port requires Motif, define this variable in the
@ -3930,7 +3930,7 @@ ${PREFIX}/man/ja/man4/baz.4.gz</programlisting>
from even attempting to build it.</para> from even attempting to build it.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="motif-lib">
<title><makevar>MOTIFLIB</makevar></title> <title><makevar>MOTIFLIB</makevar></title>
<para>This variable will be set by <filename>bsd.port.mk</filename> to <para>This variable will be set by <filename>bsd.port.mk</filename> to
@ -3965,7 +3965,7 @@ ${PREFIX}/man/ja/man4/baz.4.gz</programlisting>
</sect1> </sect1>
</chapter> </chapter>
<chapter> <chapter id="x11-fonts">
<title>X11 fonts</title> <title>X11 fonts</title>
<para>If your port installs fonts for the X Window System, put them in <para>If your port installs fonts for the X Window System, put them in
@ -4242,7 +4242,7 @@ diff -u -r1.15 pkg-plist
</procedure> </procedure>
</chapter> </chapter>
<chapter> <chapter id="pkg-files">
<title>The <filename>pkg-<replaceable>*</replaceable></filename> files</title> <title>The <filename>pkg-<replaceable>*</replaceable></filename> files</title>
<para>There are some tricks we have not mentioned yet about the <para>There are some tricks we have not mentioned yet about the
@ -4267,7 +4267,7 @@ diff -u -r1.15 pkg-plist
</note> </note>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="pkg-install">
<title><filename>pkg-install</filename></title> <title><filename>pkg-install</filename></title>
<para>If your port needs to execute commands when the binary package <para>If your port needs to execute commands when the binary package
@ -4292,7 +4292,7 @@ diff -u -r1.15 pkg-plist
</note> </note>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="pkg-req">
<title><filename>pkg-req</filename></title> <title><filename>pkg-req</filename></title>
<para>If your port needs to determine if it should install or not, you <para>If your port needs to determine if it should install or not, you
@ -4360,7 +4360,7 @@ PLIST_SUB= OCTAVE_VERSION=${OCTAVE_VERSION}</programlisting>
<makevar>TMPPLIST</makevar>.</para> <makevar>TMPPLIST</makevar>.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="pkg-names">
<title id="porting-pkgfiles">Changing the names of <title id="porting-pkgfiles">Changing the names of
<filename>pkg-<replaceable>*</replaceable></filename> files</title> <filename>pkg-<replaceable>*</replaceable></filename> files</title>
@ -4436,7 +4436,7 @@ PLIST_SUB= OCTAVE_VERSION=${OCTAVE_VERSION}</programlisting>
<chapter id="testing"> <chapter id="testing">
<title>Testing your port</title> <title>Testing your port</title>
<sect1> <sect1 id="testing-portlint">
<title>Portlint</title> <title>Portlint</title>
<para>Do check your work with <link <para>Do check your work with <link
@ -4510,7 +4510,7 @@ PLIST_SUB= OCTAVE_VERSION=${OCTAVE_VERSION}</programlisting>
moved the whole `/usr/local' tree somewhere else.</para> moved the whole `/usr/local' tree somewhere else.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="testing-freshports">
<title>FreshPorts sanity tests</title> <title>FreshPorts sanity tests</title>
<para><ulink url="http://www.FreshPorts.org/">FreshPorts</ulink> has <para><ulink url="http://www.FreshPorts.org/">FreshPorts</ulink> has
@ -4577,7 +4577,7 @@ PLIST_SUB= OCTAVE_VERSION=${OCTAVE_VERSION}</programlisting>
it faster for us to commit them, and prove that you know what you are it faster for us to commit them, and prove that you know what you are
doing.</para> doing.</para>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-strip">
<title>Stripping Binaries</title> <title>Stripping Binaries</title>
<para>Do not strip binaries manually unless you have to. All binaries <para>Do not strip binaries manually unless you have to. All binaries
@ -4601,7 +4601,7 @@ PLIST_SUB= OCTAVE_VERSION=${OCTAVE_VERSION}</programlisting>
will instead exit cleanly.</para> will instead exit cleanly.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-install">
<title>INSTALL_* macros</title> <title>INSTALL_* macros</title>
<para>Do use the macros provided in <filename>bsd.port.mk</filename> <para>Do use the macros provided in <filename>bsd.port.mk</filename>
@ -5581,7 +5581,7 @@ PLIST_SUB= OCTAVE_VERSION=${OCTAVE_VERSION}</programlisting>
</note> </note>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-after-port-mk">
<title>Writing something after <title>Writing something after
<filename>bsd.port.mk</filename></title> <filename>bsd.port.mk</filename></title>
@ -5701,7 +5701,7 @@ post-install:
.endif</programlisting> .endif</programlisting>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-documentation">
<title>Install additional documentation</title> <title>Install additional documentation</title>
<para>If your software has some documentation other than the standard <para>If your software has some documentation other than the standard
@ -5747,7 +5747,7 @@ post-install:
</note> </note>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-subdirs">
<title>Subdirectories</title> <title>Subdirectories</title>
<para>Try to let the port put things in the right subdirectories of <para>Try to let the port put things in the right subdirectories of
@ -5800,7 +5800,7 @@ lib/X11/oneko/sounds/cat.au
empty due to other ports installing some files in there.</para> empty due to other ports installing some files in there.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-uid">
<title>UIDs</title> <title>UIDs</title>
<para>If your port requires a certain user to be on the installed <para>If your port requires a certain user to be on the installed
@ -5851,7 +5851,7 @@ drweb:*:426:426:Dr.Web Mail Scanner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin</programlisting>
keep the list of reserved IDs up to date.</para> keep the list of reserved IDs up to date.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-rational">
<title>Do things rationally</title> <title>Do things rationally</title>
<para>The <filename>Makefile</filename> should do things simply and <para>The <filename>Makefile</filename> should do things simply and
@ -5865,7 +5865,7 @@ drweb:*:426:426:Dr.Web Mail Scanner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin</programlisting>
+= --prefix=&dollar;{PREFIX}</literal>.</para> += --prefix=&dollar;{PREFIX}</literal>.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-cc">
<title>Respect both <makevar>CC</makevar> and <title>Respect both <makevar>CC</makevar> and
<makevar>CXX</makevar></title> <makevar>CXX</makevar></title>
@ -5897,7 +5897,7 @@ drweb:*:426:426:Dr.Web Mail Scanner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin</programlisting>
anything previously defined.</para> anything previously defined.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-cflags">
<title>Respect <makevar>CFLAGS</makevar></title> <title>Respect <makevar>CFLAGS</makevar></title>
<para>The port should respect the <makevar>CFLAGS</makevar> variable. <para>The port should respect the <makevar>CFLAGS</makevar> variable.
@ -5923,7 +5923,7 @@ drweb:*:426:426:Dr.Web Mail Scanner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin</programlisting>
defined.</para> defined.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-config">
<title>Configuration files</title> <title>Configuration files</title>
<para>If your port requires some configuration files in <para>If your port requires some configuration files in
@ -5941,7 +5941,7 @@ drweb:*:426:426:Dr.Web Mail Scanner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin</programlisting>
to work.</para> to work.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-freedback">
<title>Feedback</title> <title>Feedback</title>
<para>Do send applicable changes/patches to the original <para>Do send applicable changes/patches to the original
@ -5950,7 +5950,7 @@ drweb:*:426:426:Dr.Web Mail Scanner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin</programlisting>
release.</para> release.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-readme">
<title><filename>README.html</filename></title> <title><filename>README.html</filename></title>
<para>Do not include the <filename>README.html</filename> file. This <para>Do not include the <filename>README.html</filename> file. This
@ -5959,7 +5959,7 @@ drweb:*:426:426:Dr.Web Mail Scanner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin</programlisting>
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-misc">
<title>Miscellanea</title> <title>Miscellanea</title>
<para>The files <filename>pkg-comment</filename>, <para>The files <filename>pkg-comment</filename>,
@ -5974,7 +5974,7 @@ drweb:*:426:426:Dr.Web Mail Scanner:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin</programlisting>
illegally distribute software!</para> illegally distribute software!</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1> <sect1 id="dads-stuck">
<title>If you are stuck&hellip;</title> <title>If you are stuck&hellip;</title>
<para>Do look at existing examples and the <para>Do look at existing examples and the
@ -6130,7 +6130,7 @@ pre-install:
<link linkend="porting-shlibs">shared libraries</link> section.</para> <link linkend="porting-shlibs">shared libraries</link> section.</para>
</chapter> </chapter>
<chapter> <chapter id="changes">
<title>Changes to this document and the ports system</title> <title>Changes to this document and the ports system</title>
<para>If you maintain a lot of ports, you should consider following the <para>If you maintain a lot of ports, you should consider following the

2
en_US.ISO8859-1/share/sgml/legalnotice.sgml
View file

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
$FreeBSD$ $FreeBSD$
--> -->
<legalnotice> <legalnotice id="legalnotice">
<para>Redistribution and use in source (SGML DocBook) and 'compiled' <para>Redistribution and use in source (SGML DocBook) and 'compiled'
forms (SGML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without forms (SGML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are