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en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/explaining-bsd/article.xml
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@ -1,24 +1,17 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V4.5-Based Extension//EN"
"../../../share/xml/freebsd45.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
"../../../share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">
<!-- $FreeBSD$ -->
<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="en">
<info><title>Explaining BSD</title>
<article lang='en'>
<articleinfo>
<title>Explaining BSD</title>
<author>
<firstname>Greg</firstname>
<surname>Lehey</surname>
<affiliation>
<author><personname><firstname>Greg</firstname><surname>Lehey</surname></personname><affiliation>
<address><email>grog@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</affiliation></author>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
<legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.amd;
&tm-attrib.apple;
@ -39,14 +32,11 @@
<para>In the open source world, the word <quote>Linux</quote> is almost
synonymous with <quote>Operating System</quote>, but it is not the only
open source &unix; operating system. According
to the <ulink
url="http://www.leb.net/hzo/ioscount/data/r.9904.txt">Internet
Operating System Counter</ulink>, as of April 1999 31.3% of the
to the <link xlink:href="http://www.leb.net/hzo/ioscount/data/r.9904.txt">Internet
Operating System Counter</link>, as of April 1999 31.3% of the
world's network connected machines run Linux. 14.6% run BSD &unix;.
Some of the world's largest web operations, such as <ulink
url="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</ulink>, run BSD. The world's
busiest FTP server of 1999 (now defunct), <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/">ftp.cdrom.com</ulink>, used BSD to
Some of the world's largest web operations, such as <link xlink:href="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</link>, run BSD. The world's
busiest FTP server of 1999 (now defunct), <link xlink:href="ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/">ftp.cdrom.com</link>, used BSD to
transfer 1.4 TB of data a day. Clearly this is not a niche
market: BSD is a well-kept secret.</para>
@ -56,9 +46,9 @@
<para>Throughout this paper, differences between BSD and Linux will be
noted <emphasis>like this</emphasis>.</para>
</abstract>
</articleinfo>
</info>
<sect1 id="what-is-bsd">
<sect1 xml:id="what-is-bsd">
<title>What is BSD?</title>
<para>BSD stands for <quote>Berkeley Software Distribution</quote>. It is
@ -100,7 +90,7 @@
<para>The X Window system used in most versions of BSD is maintained
by the
<ulink url="http://www.X.org/">X.Org project</ulink>.
<link xlink:href="http://www.X.org/">X.Org project</link>.
&os; allows the user to choose from a variety of desktop
environments, such as <application>Gnome</application>,
<application>KDE</application>, or <application>Xfce</application>;
@ -116,7 +106,7 @@
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="what-a-real-unix">
<sect1 xml:id="what-a-real-unix">
<title>What, a real &unix;?</title>
<para>The BSD operating systems are not clones, but open source
@ -165,29 +155,29 @@
CSRG members, William F. Jolitz, wrote the remaining code and released
it in early 1992 as <emphasis>386BSD</emphasis>. At the same time,
another group of ex-CSRG members formed a commercial company called
<ulink url="http://www.bsdi.com/">Berkeley Software Design Inc.</ulink>
<link xlink:href="http://www.bsdi.com/">Berkeley Software Design Inc.</link>
and released a beta version of an operating system called
<ulink url="http://www.bsdi.com/">BSD/386</ulink>, which was based on
<link xlink:href="http://www.bsdi.com/">BSD/386</link>, which was based on
the same sources. The name of the operating system was later changed
to BSD/OS.</para>
<para>386BSD never became a stable operating system. Instead, two other
projects split off from it in 1993:
<ulink url="http://www.NetBSD.org/">NetBSD</ulink> and
<ulink url="&url.base;/index.html">FreeBSD</ulink>. The two projects
<link xlink:href="http://www.NetBSD.org/">NetBSD</link> and
<link xlink:href="&url.base;/index.html">FreeBSD</link>. The two projects
originally diverged due to differences in patience waiting for
improvements to 386BSD: the NetBSD people started early in the year,
and the first version of FreeBSD was not ready until the end of the
year. In the meantime, the code base had diverged sufficiently to
make it difficult to merge. In addition, the projects had different
aims, as we will see below. In 1996,
<ulink url="http://www.OpenBSD.org/">OpenBSD</ulink> split off from
<link xlink:href="http://www.OpenBSD.org/">OpenBSD</link> split off from
NetBSD, and in 2003,
<ulink url="http://www.dragonflybsd.org/">DragonFlyBSD</ulink> split
<link xlink:href="http://www.dragonflybsd.org/">DragonFlyBSD</link> split
off from FreeBSD.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="why-is-bsd-not-better-known">
<sect1 xml:id="why-is-bsd-not-better-known">
<title>Why is BSD not better known?</title>
<para>For a number of reasons, BSD is relatively unknown:</para>
@ -213,7 +203,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>In 1992, AT&amp;T sued
<ulink url="http://www.bsdi.com/">BSDI</ulink>,
<link xlink:href="http://www.bsdi.com/">BSDI</link>,
the vendor of BSD/386, alleging that the product contained
AT&amp;T-copyrighted code. The case was settled out of court in
1994, but the spectre of the litigation continues to haunt people.
@ -232,15 +222,15 @@
<listitem>
<para>There is a perception that the BSD projects are fragmented and
belligerent. The
<ulink url="http://interactive.wsj.com/bin/login?Tag=/&amp;URI=/archive/retrieve.cgi%253Fid%253DSB952470579348918651.djm&amp;">Wall Street
Journal</ulink> spoke of <quote>balkanization</quote> of the
<link xlink:href="http://interactive.wsj.com/bin/login?Tag=/&amp;URI=/archive/retrieve.cgi%253Fid%253DSB952470579348918651.djm&amp;">Wall Street
Journal</link> spoke of <quote>balkanization</quote> of the
BSD projects. Like the law suit, this perception bases mainly
on ancient history.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="comparing-bsd-and-linux">
<sect1 xml:id="comparing-bsd-and-linux">
<title>Comparing BSD and Linux</title>
<para>So what is really the difference between, say, Debian Linux and
@ -269,8 +259,8 @@
<para>The BSD kernels are developed and updated following the Open
Source development model. Each project maintains a publicly
accessible <emphasis>source tree</emphasis> under the
<ulink url="http://www.cvshome.org/">Concurrent Versions
System</ulink> (CVS), which contains all source files for the
<link xlink:href="http://www.cvshome.org/">Concurrent Versions
System</link> (CVS), which contains all source files for the
project, including documentation and other incidental files. CVS
allows users to <quote>check out</quote> (in other words, to
extract a copy of) any desired version of the system.</para>
@ -474,12 +464,11 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.apple.com/macosx/server/">&macos;
X</ulink> is the latest version of the operating system for
<ulink url="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer Inc.'s</ulink>
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.apple.com/macosx/server/">&macos;
X</link> is the latest version of the operating system for
<link xlink:href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer Inc.'s</link>
&macintosh; line. The BSD core of this operating
system, <ulink
url="http://developer.apple.com/darwin/">Darwin</ulink>,
system, <link xlink:href="http://developer.apple.com/darwin/">Darwin</link>,
is available as a fully functional open source operating
system for x86 and PPC computers. The Aqua/Quartz
graphics system and many other proprietary aspects of
@ -495,13 +484,13 @@
license?</title>
<para>Linux is available under the
<ulink url="http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public
License</ulink> (GPL), which is designed to eliminate closed
<link xlink:href="http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public
License</link> (GPL), which is designed to eliminate closed
source software. In particular, any derivative work of a product
released under the GPL must also be supplied with source code if
requested. By contrast, the
<ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.html">BSD
license</ulink> is less restrictive: binary-only distributions are
<link xlink:href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.html">BSD
license</link> is less restrictive: binary-only distributions are
allowed. This is particularly attractive for embedded
applications.</para>
</sect2>
@ -578,15 +567,15 @@
<sect2>
<title>Who provides support, service, and training for BSD?</title>
<para>BSDi / <ulink url="http://www.freebsdmall.com">FreeBSD
Mall, Inc.</ulink> have been providing support contracts for
<para>BSDi / <link xlink:href="http://www.freebsdmall.com">FreeBSD
Mall, Inc.</link> have been providing support contracts for
FreeBSD for nearly a decade.</para>
<para>In addition, each of the projects has a list of consultants for
hire:
<ulink url="&url.base;/commercial/consult_bycat.html">FreeBSD</ulink>,
<ulink url="http://www.netbsd.org/gallery/consultants.html">NetBSD</ulink>,
and <ulink url="http://www.openbsd.org/support.html">OpenBSD</ulink>.</para>
<link xlink:href="&url.base;/commercial/consult_bycat.html">FreeBSD</link>,
<link xlink:href="http://www.netbsd.org/gallery/consultants.html">NetBSD</link>,
and <link xlink:href="http://www.openbsd.org/support.html">OpenBSD</link>.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</article>