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en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-comparison/article.xml
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@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V4.5-Based Extension//EN"
"../../../share/xml/freebsd45.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
"../../../share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">
<!--
Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
@ -34,18 +33,13 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
$FreeBSD$
-->
<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="en">
<info><title>FreeBSD: An Open Source Alternative to Linux</title>
<article lang='en'>
<articleinfo>
<title>FreeBSD: An Open Source Alternative to Linux</title>
<author>
<firstname>Dru</firstname>
<surname>Lavigne</surname>
<affiliation>
<author><personname><firstname>Dru</firstname><surname>Lavigne</surname></personname><affiliation>
<address><email>dru@isecom.org</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</affiliation></author>
<copyright>
<year>2005</year>
@ -56,7 +50,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
<releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
<legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.linux;
&tm-attrib.unix;
@ -72,9 +66,9 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
provides a starting point for those interested in exploring
Open Source alternatives to &linux;.</para>
</abstract>
</articleinfo>
</info>
<sect1 id="introduction">
<sect1 xml:id="introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>&os; is a &unix; like operating system based on the
@ -102,8 +96,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
roots of Unix development.
<footnote>
<para>See also <ulink
url="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/kirkmck.html"></ulink>
<para>See also <uri xlink:href="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/kirkmck.html">http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/kirkmck.html</uri>
for a brief history.</para>
</footnote>
@ -114,8 +107,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
addressed quickly by the security team. When new utilities
or kernel features are added, the user simply needs to read
one file, the Release Notes, which is publicly available on
the main page of the <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org">&os; website</ulink>.</para>
the main page of the <link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org">&os; website</link>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -142,11 +134,11 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
<para>While both &os; and &linux; use an Open Source
licensing model, the actual licenses used differ. The Linux
kernel is under the <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php">GPL license</ulink> while
&os; uses the <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php">BSD license</ulink>. These,
kernel is under the <link xlink:href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php">GPL license</link> while
&os; uses the <link xlink:href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php">BSD license</link>. These,
and other Open Source licenses, are described in more detail
at the website of the <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/">Open Source
Initiative</ulink>.</para>
at the website of the <link xlink:href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/">Open Source
Initiative</link>.</para>
<para>The driving philosophy behind the GPL is to ensure that
code remains Open Source; it does this by placing
@ -157,13 +149,12 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
<footnote>
<para>For a fairly unbiased view of the merits of each
license, see <ulink
url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_and_GPL_licensing"></ulink>.</para>
license, see <uri xlink:href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_and_GPL_licensing">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_and_GPL_licensing</uri>.</para>
</footnote>
Having
stable and reliable code under the attractive BSD license
means that many operating systems, such as <ulink url="http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/darwin/faq.html">Apple OS X</ulink>
means that many operating systems, such as <link xlink:href="http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/darwin/faq.html">Apple OS X</link>
are based on FreeBSD code. It also means that if you choose
to use BSD licensed code in your own projects, you can do so
without threat of future legal liability.</para>
@ -171,10 +162,10 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
</orderedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="freebsd-features">
<sect1 xml:id="freebsd-features">
<title>&os; Features</title>
<sect2 id="freebsd-features-platforms">
<sect2 xml:id="freebsd-features-platforms">
<title>Supported Platforms</title>
<para>&os; has gained a reputation as a secure, stable,
@ -210,8 +201,8 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
third-party applications,
<footnote>
<para>Using <ulink url="&url.base;/ports">FreeBSD's ports
collection</ulink>: software installation is as easy as
<para>Using <link xlink:href="&url.base;/ports">FreeBSD's ports
collection</link>: software installation is as easy as
<command>pkg_add -r application_name</command>.</para>
</footnote>
@ -222,23 +213,20 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
&os; as a desktop. The most notable are:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><ulink
url="http://www.desktopbsd.net">DesktopBSD</ulink> which
<listitem><para><link xlink:href="http://www.desktopbsd.net">DesktopBSD</link> which
aims at being a stable and powerful operating system for
desktop users.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><ulink
url="http://www.freesbie.org">FreeSBIE</ulink> which
<listitem><para><link xlink:href="http://www.freesbie.org">FreeSBIE</link> which
provides a LiveCD of &os;.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><ulink
url="http://www.pcbsd.com">PC-BSD</ulink> which provides an
<listitem><para><link xlink:href="http://www.pcbsd.com">PC-BSD</link> which provides an
easy-to-use GUI installer for &os; aimed at the desktop
user.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="freebsd-features-frameworks">
<sect2 xml:id="freebsd-features-frameworks">
<title>Extensible Frameworks</title>
<para>&os; provides many extensible frameworks to easily
@ -306,7 +294,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
<varlistentry>
<term>MAC</term>
<listitem><para><ulink url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mac.html">MAC</ulink>,
<listitem><para><link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mac.html">MAC</link>,
or Mandatory Access Control, provides fine-tuned access to
files and is meant to augment traditional operating system
authorization provided by file permissions. Since MAC is
@ -331,7 +319,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
<varlistentry>
<term>PAM</term>
<listitem><para>Like &linux;, &os; provides support for <ulink url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/">PAM</ulink>,
<listitem><para>Like &linux;, &os; provides support for <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/">PAM</link>,
Pluggable Authentication Modules. This allows an administrator
to augment the traditional &unix; username/password
authentication model. &os; provides modules to integrate
@ -353,13 +341,12 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="freebsd-security">
<sect1 xml:id="freebsd-security">
<title>Security</title>
<para>Security is very important to the <ulink
url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/">FreeBSD
<para>Security is very important to the <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/">FreeBSD
Release
Engineering Team</ulink>. This
Engineering Team</link>. This
manifests itself in several concrete areas:</para>
<itemizedlist>
@ -369,17 +356,15 @@ Release
resolving known security issues. Full information regarding
FreeBSD's security handling procedures and where to find
security information is available at
<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/"></ulink>.</para></listitem>
<uri xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/</uri>.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>One of the problems associated with Open Source
software is the sheer volume of available applications. There
are literally tens of thousands of Open Source application projects
each with varying levels of responsiveness to security
incidents. &os; has met this challenge head-on with <ulink
url="http://www.vuxml.org/freebsd/">VuXML</ulink>. All software
incidents. &os; has met this challenge head-on with <link xlink:href="http://www.vuxml.org/freebsd/">VuXML</link>. All software
shipped with the FreeBSD operating system as well any software
available in the <ulink
url="&url.base;/ports/">Ports Collection</ulink>
available in the <link xlink:href="&url.base;/ports/">Ports Collection</link>
is compared to a database of known, unresolved
vulnerabilities. An administrator can use the &man.portaudit.1;
utility to quickly determine if any software on a &os;
@ -418,13 +403,13 @@ Release
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="freebsd-support">
<sect1 xml:id="freebsd-support">
<title>Support</title>
<para>Like &linux;, &os; offers many venues for support, both
freely available and commercial.</para>
<sect2 id="freebsd-support-free">
<sect2 xml:id="freebsd-support-free">
<title>Free Offerings</title>
<itemizedlist>
@ -433,26 +418,23 @@ Release
operating systems, and the documentation is available both
as part of the operating system and on the Internet. Manual
pages are clear, concise and provide working
examples. <ulink
url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/">
The FreeBSD Handbook</ulink>
examples. <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/">
The FreeBSD Handbook</link>
provides background information and configuration examples
for nearly every task one would wish to complete using
&os;.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>&os; provides many support <ulink
url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL">mailing
lists</ulink>.
<listitem><para>&os; provides many support <link xlink:href="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL">mailing
lists</link>.
where answers are archived and fully searchable. If you have
a question that wasn't addressed by the Handbook, it most
likely has already been answered on a mailing list. The
Handbook and mailing lists are also available in several
languages, all of which are easily accessible from
<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org"></ulink>.</para></listitem>
<uri xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org">http://www.FreeBSD.org</uri>.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>There are many FreeBSD IRC channels, forums
and user groups. See <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html"></ulink> for a
and user groups. See <uri xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html">http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html</uri> for a
selection.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -461,7 +443,7 @@ Release
geographic location to <email>freebsd-jobs@FreeBSD.org</email>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="freebsd-support-commercial">
<sect2 xml:id="freebsd-support-commercial">
<title>Commercial Offerings</title>
<para>There are many vendors who provide commercial &os;
@ -470,30 +452,26 @@ Release
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>The Commercial Vendors page at the &os;
site: <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/"></ulink></para></listitem>
site: <uri xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/</uri></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>FreeBSDMall, who have been selling support contracts
for nearly 10 years.
<ulink url="http://www.freebsdmall.com"></ulink></para></listitem>
<uri xlink:href="http://www.freebsdmall.com">http://www.freebsdmall.com</uri></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The BSDTracker Database at: <ulink
url="http://www.nycbug.org/index.php?NAV=BSDTracker"></ulink></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The BSDTracker Database at: <uri xlink:href="http://www.nycbug.org/index.php?NAV=BSDTracker">http://www.nycbug.org/index.php?NAV=BSDTracker</uri></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>There is also an initiative to provide certification of BSD
system administrators. <ulink
url="http://www.bsdcertification.org"></ulink>.</para>
system administrators. <uri xlink:href="http://www.bsdcertification.org">http://www.bsdcertification.org</uri>.</para>
<para>If your project requires Common Criteria certification,
&os; includes the <ulink
url="http://www.trustedbsd.org">TrustedBSD</ulink> MAC
&os; includes the <link xlink:href="http://www.trustedbsd.org">TrustedBSD</link> MAC
framework to ease the certification process.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="freebsd-advantages">
<sect1 xml:id="freebsd-advantages">
<title>Advantages to Choosing &os;</title>
<para>There are many advantages to including &os; solutions in
@ -510,8 +488,7 @@ Release
<footnote>
<para>In addition, all code is browsable through a
web-interface: <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/"></ulink>.</para>
web-interface: <uri xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/</uri>.</para>
</footnote>
for all releases going back to the original
@ -525,19 +502,17 @@ Release
<footnote>
<para>An interesting overview of the evolving Linux
development model can be found at <ulink
url="http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT4155251624.html"></ulink>.</para>
development model can be found at <uri xlink:href="http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT4155251624.html">http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT4155251624.html</uri>.</para>
</footnote>
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>In-house developers also have full access to
FreeBSD's <ulink
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnats/">GNATS</ulink>
FreeBSD's <link xlink:href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnats/">GNATS</link>
bug-tracking database. They are able to query and track
existing bugs as well as submit their own patches for approval
and possible committal into the FreeBSD base code.
<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#gnats"></ulink></para></listitem>
<uri xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#gnats">http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#gnats</uri></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The BSD license allows you to freely modify the
code to suit your business purposes. Unlike the GPL, there are
@ -546,7 +521,7 @@ Release
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="freebsd-conclusion">
<sect1 xml:id="freebsd-conclusion">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<para>&os; is a mature &unix;-like operating system which