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Add release documentation for 4.9-RELEASE in advance of the release.

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Bruce A. Mah 2003-10-23 18:36:26 +00:00
parent da8eca6b13
commit 288a843758
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00 
svn path=/www/; revision=18551
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* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE Errata</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE Errata</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 The FreeBSD Documentation
Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/errata/article.sgml,v
1.1.2.113 2003/10/06 04:21:21 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>This document lists errata items for FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE, containing significant
information discovered after the release or too late in the release cycle to be otherwise
included in the release documentation. This information includes security advisories, as
well as news relating to the software or documentation that could affect its operation or
usability. An up-to-date version of this document should always be consulted before
installing this version of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This errata document for FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE will be maintained until the release of
FreeBSD 4.10-RELEASE.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN15" name="AEN15">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This errata document contains ``late-breaking news'' about FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE. Before
installing this version, it is important to consult this document to learn about any
post-release discoveries or problems that may already have been found and fixed.</p>
<p>Any version of this errata document actually distributed with the release (for
example, on a CDROM distribution) will be out of date by definition, but other copies are
kept updated on the Internet and should be consulted as the ``current errata'' for this
release. These other copies of the errata are located at <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a>, plus any sites which keep up-to-date
mirrors of this location.</p>
<p>Source and binary snapshots of FreeBSD 4-STABLE also contain up-to-date copies of this
document (as of the time of the snapshot).</p>
<p>For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/</a> or <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN26" name="AEN26">2 Security Advisories</a></h2>
<p>No active security advisories.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN29" name="AEN29">3 Late-Breaking News</a></h2>
<p>No news.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<br />
<br />
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE README</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE README</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 The FreeBSD Documentation
Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/readme/article.sgml,v
1.1.2.17 2003/05/01 15:09:53 trhodes Exp $<br />
</p>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE. It includes some
information on how to obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the FreeBSD
Project, and pointers to some other sources of information.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN14" name="AEN14">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This distribution is a release of FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE, the latest point along the
4-STABLE branch.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN17" name="AEN17">1.1 About FreeBSD</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite for Intel, AMD, Cyrix or NexGen
``x86'' based PC hardware and Compaq (formerly DEC) Alpha computers. Versions for the
IA64, PowerPC, and Sparc64 architectures are currently under development as well. FreeBSD
works with a wide variety of peripherals and configurations and can be used for
everything from software development to games to Internet Service Provision.</p>
<p>This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need to run such a system, including
full source code for the kernel and all utilities in the base distribution. With the
source distribution installed, you can literally recompile the entire system from scratch
with one command, making it ideal for students, researchers, or users who simply want to
see how it all works.</p>
<p>A large collection of third-party ported software (the ``Ports Collection'') is also
provided to make it easy to obtain and install all your favorite traditional UNIX
utilities for FreeBSD. Each ``port'' consists of a set of scripts to retrieve, configure,
build, and install a piece of software, with a single command. Over 9,200 ports, from
editors to programming languages to graphical applications, make FreeBSD a powerful and
comprehensive operating environment that extends far beyond what's provided by many
commercial versions of UNIX. Most ports are also available as pre-compiled ``packages'',
which can be quickly installed from the installation program.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN26" name="AEN26">1.2 Target Audience</a></h3>
<p>This release of FreeBSD is suitable for all users. It has undergone a period of
testing and quality assurance checking to ensure the highest reliability and
dependability.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN29" name="AEN29">2 Obtaining FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This section focuses on those ways that
are primarily useful for obtaining a complete FreeBSD distribution, rather than updating
an existing installation.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN32" name="AEN32">2.1 CDROM and DVD</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM or DVD from several publishers.
This is frequently the most convenient way to obtain FreeBSD for new installations, as it
provides a convenient way to quickly reinstall the system if necessary. Some
distributions include some of the optional, precompiled ``packages'' from the FreeBSD
Ports Collection.</p>
<p>A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the project are listed in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD''</a> appendix to the Handbook.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN39" name="AEN39">2.2 FTP</a></h3>
<p>You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of its optional packages from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>, which is the
official FreeBSD release site, or any of its ``mirrors''.</p>
<p>Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
target="_top">FTP Sites</a> section of the Handbook, or on the <a
href="http://www.freebsdmirrors.org/" target="_top">http://www.freebsdmirrors.org/</a>
Web pages. Finding a close (in networking terms) mirror from which to download the
distribution is highly recommended.</p>
<p>Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code> for
more details on becoming an official mirror site.</p>
<p>Mirrors generally contain the floppy disk images necessary to begin an installation,
as well as the distribution files needed for the install process itself. Many mirrors
also contain the ISO images necessary to create a CDROM of a FreeBSD release.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="CONTACTING" name="CONTACTING">3 Contacting the FreeBSD
Project</a></h2>
<div class="SECT2">
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN52" name="AEN52">3.1 Email and Mailing Lists</a></h3>
<p>For any questions or general technical support issues, please send mail to the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions" target="_top">FreeBSD
general questions mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>If you are tracking the -STABLE development efforts, you <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> join the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-stable"
target="_top">FreeBSD-STABLE mailing list</a>, in order to keep abreast of recent
developments and changes that may affect the way you use and maintain the system.</p>
<p>Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD Project is always happy to have extra
hands willing to help--there are already far more desired enhancements than there is time
to implement them. To contact the developers on technical matters, or with offers of
help, please send mail to the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers" target="_top">FreeBSD
technical discussions mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>Please note that these mailing lists can experience <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">significant</i></span> amounts of traffic. If you have slow or expensive
mail access, or are only interested in keeping up with major FreeBSD events, you may find
it preferable to subscribe instead to the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce" target="_top">FreeBSD
announcements mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by anyone wishing to do so. Visit <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo" target="_top">FreeBSD Mailman Info
Page</a>. This will give you more information on joining the various lists, accessing
archives, etc. There are a number of mailing lists targeted at special interest groups
not mentioned here; more information can be obtained either through majordomo or the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#mailing-list" target="_top">mailing lists
section</a> of the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Do <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> send
email to the lists asking to be subscribed. Use the <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:majordomo@FreeBSD.org">majordomo@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code> address
instead.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN71" name="AEN71">3.2 Submitting Problem Reports</a></h3>
<p>Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are always valued--please do not
hesitate to report any problems you may find. Bug reports with attached fixes are of
course even more welcome.</p>
<p>The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine with Internet mail
connectivity is to use the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>
command or use the Web form at <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html</a>. ``Problem Reports'' (PRs)
submitted in this way will be filed and their progress tracked; the FreeBSD developers
will do their best to respond to all reported bugs as soon as possible. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" target="_top">A list of all active
PRs</a> is available on the FreeBSD Web site; this list is useful to see what potential
problems other users have encountered.</p>
<p>Note that <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>
itself is a shell script that should be easy to move even onto a non-FreeBSD system.
Using this interface is highly preferred. If, for some reason, you are unable to use <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> to
submit a bug report, you can try to send it to the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-bugs" target="_top">FreeBSD
problem reports mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>For more information, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/"
target="_top">``Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports''</a>, available on the FreeBSD Web site,
has a number of helpful hints on writing and submitting effective problem reports.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN92" name="AEN92">4 Further Reading</a></h2>
<p>There are many sources of information about FreeBSD; some are included with this
distribution, while others are available on-line or in print versions.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELEASE-DOCS" name="RELEASE-DOCS">4.1 Release
Documentation</a></h3>
<p>A number of other files provide more specific information about this release
distribution. These files are provided in various formats. Most distributions will
include both ASCII text (<tt class="FILENAME">.TXT</tt>) and HTML (<tt
class="FILENAME">.HTM</tt>) renditions. Some distributions may also include other formats
such as PostScript (<tt class="FILENAME">.PS</tt>) or Portable Document Format (<tt
class="FILENAME">.PDF</tt>).</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>: This file, which gives some general information
about FreeBSD as well as some cursory notes about obtaining a distribution.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>: The release notes, showing what's new and
different in FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE compared to the previous release (FreeBSD
4.8-RELEASE).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>: The hardware compatability list, showing
devices with which FreeBSD has been tested and is known to work.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>: Installation instructions for installing
FreeBSD from its distribution media.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt>: Release errata. Late-breaking, post-release
information can be found in this file, which is principally applicable to releases (as
opposed to snapshots). It is important to consult this file before installing a release
of FreeBSD, as it contains the latest information on problems which have been found and
fixed since the release was created.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Several of these documents (in particular, <tt
class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>, and <tt
class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>) contain information that is specific to a particular
hardware architecture. For example, the alpha release notes contain information not
applicable to the i386, and vice versa. The architecture for which each document applies
will be listed in that document's title.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>These documents are generally available via the Documentation menu during
installation. Once the system is installed, you can revisit this menu by running the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
utility.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> It is extremely important to read the errata for any given release before
installing it, to learn about any ``late-breaking news'' or post-release problems. The
errata file accompanying each release (most likely right next to this file) is already
out of date by definition, but other copies are kept updated on the Internet and should
be consulted as the ``current errata'' for this release. These other copies of the errata
are located at <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a> (as well as any sites which keep
up-to-date mirrors of this location).</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN132" name="AEN132">4.2 Manual Pages</a></h3>
<p>As with almost all UNIX-like operating systems, FreeBSD comes with a set of on-line
manual pages, accessed through the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> command
or through the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" target="_top">hypertext
manual pages gateway</a> on the FreeBSD Web site. In general, the manual pages provide
information on the different commands and APIs available to the FreeBSD user.</p>
<p>In some cases, manual pages are written to give information on particular topics.
Notable examples of such manual pages are <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&amp;sektion=7&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tuning</span>(7)</span></a> (a
guide to performance tuning), <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&amp;sektion=7&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">security</span>(7)</span></a> (an
introduction to FreeBSD security), and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&amp;sektion=9&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">style</span>(9)</span></a> (a
style guide to kernel coding).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN149" name="AEN149">4.3 Books and Articles</a></h3>
<p>Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related information, maintained by the
FreeBSD Project, are the FreeBSD Handbook and FreeBSD FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions
document). On-line versions of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">Handbook</a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a> are
always available from the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html"
target="_top">FreeBSD Documentation page</a> or its mirrors. If you install the <tt
class="FILENAME">doc</tt> distribution set, you can use a Web browser to read the
Handbook and FAQ locally.</p>
<p>A number of on-line books and articles, also maintained by the FreeBSD Project, cover
more-specialized, FreeBSD-related topics. This material spans a wide range of topics,
from effective use of the mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other operating
systems, to guidelines for new committers. Like the Handbook and FAQ, these documents are
available from the FreeBSD Documentation Page or in the <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>
distribution set.</p>
<p>A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html"
target="_top">bibliography</a> of the FreeBSD Handbook. Because of FreeBSD's strong UNIX
heritage, many other articles and books written for UNIX systems are applicable as well,
some of which are also listed in the bibliography.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN160" name="AEN160">5 Acknowledgments</a></h2>
<p>FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds, if not thousands, of
individuals from around the world who have worked countless hours to bring about this
release. For a complete list of FreeBSD developers and contributors, please see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/"
target="_top">``Contributors to FreeBSD''</a> on the FreeBSD Web site or any of its
mirrors.</p>
<p>Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD users and testers all over the
world, without whom this release simply would not have been possible.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<br />
<br />
</body>
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<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/alpha 4.9-RELEASE Release
Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 The FreeBSD Documentation
Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.22.2.386 2003/10/19 18:33:34 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the
FreeBSD base system since 4.8-RELEASE. Both changes for kernel and userland are listed,
as well as applicable security advisories for the base system that were issued since the
last release. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.2.1 <a href="#PROC">Platform-Specific Hardware Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.2 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-IF">Network Interface Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.4 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.5 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.6 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.7 <a href="#PCCARD">PCCARD Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.8 <a href="#MM">Multimedia Support</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></dt>
<dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and Integration</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE on the Alpha/AXP
hardware platform. It describes new features of FreeBSD that have been added (or changed)
since 4.8-RELEASE. It also provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of
FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be found at
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) release distributions of FreeBSD
can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD''</a> appendix in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's New</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD since
4.8-RELEASE. Typical release note items document new drivers or hardware support, new
commands or options, major bugfixes, or contributed software upgrades. Security
advisories for the base system that were issued after 4.8-RELEASE are also listed.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1 Security Advisories</a></h3>
<p>A remotely-exploitable buffer overflow vulnerability in <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been fixed. For more details, see security advisory
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:07.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:07</a>. In FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE, this vulnerability was fixed
using a vendor-supplied patch (but too late for inclusion in the release notes). In
FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE, it has been fixed with the import of a new version of <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>.</p>
<p>A single-byte buffer overflow in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">realpath</span>(3)</span></a> has
been fixed. See security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:08.realpath.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:08</a>.</p>
<p>A bug that could allow the kernel to attempt delivery of invalid signals has been
fixed. The bug could have led to a kernel panic. For more information, see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:09.signal.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:09</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in the iBCS2 emulation module, which could result in disclosing the contents of
kernel memory, has been fixed. This module is not enabled in FreeBSD by default. For more
information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:10.ibcs2.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:10</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> implementation of its
``DNS maps'' feature has been fixed by the import of a new version of <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. More information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:11.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:11</a>. Note that this feature is not used by the default
configuration files shipped with FreeBSD.</p>
<p>A buffer management bug in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>, which could potentially
cause a crash, has been fixed. More information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:12.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:12</a>.</p>
<p>A buffer overflow in <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been fixed. More
information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:13.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:13</a>.</p>
<p>A bug that could allow the kernel to cause resource starvation which eventually
results in a system panic in the ARP cache code has been fixed. More information can be
found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:14.arp.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:14</a>.</p>
<p>Several errors in the <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> PAM challenge/authentication
subsystem have been fixed. The impacts of these bugs vary; details can be found in
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:15.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:15</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=readv&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">readv</span>(2)</span></a> system
call, which could potentially cause a system crash or privilege escalation has been
fixed. More information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:16.filedesc.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:16</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a>,
which could result in disclosing the contents of kernel memory, has been fixed. More
information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:17.procfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:17</a>.</p>
<p>Four separate security flaws in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, which could allow
a remote attacker to crash an <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>-using application or to
execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the application, have been fixed. More
information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:18.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:18</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel Changes</a></h3>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.1 Platform-Specific Hardware
Support</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.2 Boot Loader Changes</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.3 Network Interface Support</a></h4>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> now
supports Broadcom 5705 based Gigabit Ethernet NICs.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
once again transmits packets correctly through Davicom DC9102 cards.</p>
<p>The proatm driver has been added to support ProSum's ProATM (IDT77252-based)
interfaces. This driver is analogous to the patm driver in FreeBSD-CURRENT.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> now
supports SK-9521 V2.0 and 3COM 3C940 based Gigabit Ethernet NICs.</p>
<p>The suspend/resume support for the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> driver now
works correctly when the device is configured down.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.4 Network Protocols</a></h4>
<p>A bug in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> limit
rule processing that could cause various panics has been fixed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> rules
now support comma-separated address lists (such as <var class="LITERAL">1.2.3.4,
5.6.7.8/30, 9.10.11.12/22</var>), and allow spaces after commas to make lists of
addresses more readable.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> rules
now support C++-style comments. Each comment is stored together with its rule and appears
using the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <var
class="LITERAL">show</var> command.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> can now
modify <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> rules in
set 31, which was read-only and used for the default rules. They can be deleted by <tt
class="COMMAND">ipfw delete set 31</tt> command but are not deleted by the <tt
class="COMMAND">ipfw flush</tt> command. This implements a flexible form of ``persistent
rules''. More details can be found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p>Kernel support has been added for Protocol Independent Multicast routing.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.5 Disks and Storage</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=da&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">da</span>(4)</span></a> driver no
longer tries to send 6-byte commands to USB and Firewire devices. Quirks for USB devices
(which hopefully are now unnecessary) have been disabled; to restore the old behavior,
add <var class="LITERAL">options DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var> to the kernel configuration.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the 3ware generic API.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.6 File Systems</a></h4>
<p>A new <var class="LITERAL">DIRECTIO</var> kernel option enables support for read
operations that bypass the buffer cache and put data directly into a userland buffer.
This feature requires that the <var class="LITERAL">O_DIRECT</var> flag is set on the
file descriptor and that both the offset and length for the read operation are multiples
of the physical media sector size.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PCCARD" name="PCCARD">2.2.7 PCCARD Support</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.8 Multimedia Support</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland Changes</a></h3>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <var class="OPTION">-i</var> option to limit the scope of the current
operation to the ARP entries on a particular interface. This option applies to the
display operations only. It should be useful on routers with numerous network
interfaces.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a> now
allows the optional setting of a user, primary group, or group list to use inside the
chroot environment via the <var class="OPTION">-u</var>, <var class="OPTION">-g</var>,
and <var class="OPTION">-G</var> options respectively.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <var
class="LITERAL">list</var> and <var class="LITERAL">show</var> command now support ranges
of rule numbers.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <var class="OPTION">-n</var> flag to test the syntax of commands without
actually changing anything.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_msdos&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_msdos</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports a <var class="OPTION">-M</var> option to specify the maximum file
permissions for directories in the file system.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> now
includes displays for IPv6 and ICMPv6 traffic.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a> now
support a <var class="OPTION">-r</var> flag for decoding raw (or broken) files that may
be missing the initial and possibly final framing lines.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4 Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> has been updated from 1.18.1 to 1.19.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> (not built by default) has been updated from a
1.2beta1 to a 5 January 2003 snapshot from the NetBSD CVS repository.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been updated from 0.9.7a to 0.9.7c.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated to version 8.12.9.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">texinfo</b> has been updated from 4.5 to 4.6.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated from the <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt>
release to the <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003d</tt> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5 Ports/Packages Collection
Infrastructure</a></h3>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
now supports a <var class="OPTION">-C</var> option, which allows packages to register a
list of other packages with which they conflict. They will refuse to install (via <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>) if
one of the listed packages is already present. The <var class="OPTION">-f</var> flag to
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
overrides this conflict-checking.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6 Release Engineering and
Integration</a></h3>
<p>The supported release of <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> has been updated from 2.2 to
2.4.</p>
<p>The supported release of <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> has been updated from 3.1 to
3.1.4.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 Upgrading from previous releases of
FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three
options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of
FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading
method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it
requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need)
to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible,
but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases
like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete
reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> file for more information,
preferably <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning an
upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the -STABLE or -CURRENT
branches of FreeBSD, please be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing
up <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and configuration
files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<br />
<br />
</body>
</html>

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<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/i386 4.9-RELEASE Release
Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 The FreeBSD Documentation
Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.22.2.386 2003/10/19 18:33:34 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the
FreeBSD base system since 4.8-RELEASE. Both changes for kernel and userland are listed,
as well as applicable security advisories for the base system that were issued since the
last release. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.2.1 <a href="#PROC">Platform-Specific Hardware Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.2 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-IF">Network Interface Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.4 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.5 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.6 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.7 <a href="#PCCARD">PCCARD Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.8 <a href="#MM">Multimedia Support</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></dt>
<dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and Integration</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE on the i386 hardware
platform. It describes new features of FreeBSD that have been added (or changed) since
4.8-RELEASE. It also provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of
FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be found at
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) release distributions of FreeBSD
can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD''</a> appendix in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's New</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD since
4.8-RELEASE. Typical release note items document new drivers or hardware support, new
commands or options, major bugfixes, or contributed software upgrades. Security
advisories for the base system that were issued after 4.8-RELEASE are also listed.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1 Security Advisories</a></h3>
<p>A remotely-exploitable buffer overflow vulnerability in <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been fixed. For more details, see security advisory
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:07.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:07</a>. In FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE, this vulnerability was fixed
using a vendor-supplied patch (but too late for inclusion in the release notes). In
FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE, it has been fixed with the import of a new version of <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>.</p>
<p>A single-byte buffer overflow in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">realpath</span>(3)</span></a> has
been fixed. See security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:08.realpath.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:08</a>.</p>
<p>A bug that could allow the kernel to attempt delivery of invalid signals has been
fixed. The bug could have led to a kernel panic. For more information, see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:09.signal.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:09</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in the iBCS2 emulation module, which could result in disclosing the contents of
kernel memory, has been fixed. This module is not enabled in FreeBSD by default. For more
information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:10.ibcs2.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:10</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> implementation of its
``DNS maps'' feature has been fixed by the import of a new version of <b
class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b>. More information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:11.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:11</a>. Note that this feature is not used by the default
configuration files shipped with FreeBSD.</p>
<p>A buffer management bug in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b>, which could potentially
cause a crash, has been fixed. More information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:12.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:12</a>.</p>
<p>A buffer overflow in <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been fixed. More
information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:13.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:13</a>.</p>
<p>A bug that could allow the kernel to cause resource starvation which eventually
results in a system panic in the ARP cache code has been fixed. More information can be
found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:14.arp.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:14</a>.</p>
<p>Several errors in the <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> PAM challenge/authentication
subsystem have been fixed. The impacts of these bugs vary; details can be found in
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:15.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:15</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=readv&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">readv</span>(2)</span></a> system
call, which could potentially cause a system crash or privilege escalation has been
fixed. More information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:16.filedesc.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:16</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">procfs</span>(5)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=linprocfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">linprocfs</span>(5)</span></a>,
which could result in disclosing the contents of kernel memory, has been fixed. More
information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:17.procfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:17</a>.</p>
<p>Four separate security flaws in <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, which could allow
a remote attacker to crash an <b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>-using application or to
execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the application, have been fixed. More
information can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:18.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:18</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel Changes</a></h3>
<p>A bug that caused <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atkbd&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">atkbd</span>(4)</span></a> to
register an AT keyboard during console initialization, even when no AT keyboard was
connected, has been fixed. <tt class="COMMAND">kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd1</tt> is no longer
needed when only a USB keyboard is connected.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports symmetric crypto for the 7955 and 7956 chipsets.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=safe&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">safe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been added to support SafeNet 1141- and 1741-based crypto accelerators.</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>Warning:</b> This driver should be considered experimental and and should be used
with some caution.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The public key support is not implemented.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.1 Platform-Specific Hardware
Support</a></h4>
<p>A bug which prevented the kernel from booting on an Intel 80386 processor has been
corrected.</p>
<p>Support for the Physical Address Extensions (PAE) capability on Intel Pentium Pro and
higher processors has been added. This allows the use of up to 64GB of RAM in a machine,
although the amount of memory usable by any single process (or the FreeBSD kernel) is
unchanged. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pae&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pae</span>(4)</span></a> manual
page has more details on this feature.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.2 Boot Loader Changes</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.3 Network Interface Support</a></h4>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> now
supports Broadcom 5705 based Gigabit Ethernet NICs.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver
once again transmits packets correctly through Davicom DC9102 cards.</p>
<p>The proatm driver has been added to support ProSum's ProATM (IDT77252-based)
interfaces. This driver is analogous to the patm driver in FreeBSD-CURRENT.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rue&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rue</span>(4)</span></a> network
driver has been added, providing support for Ethernet adapters based on the RealTek
RTL8150 USB to Fast Ethernet controller chip.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbsh&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbsh</span>(4)</span></a> driver
for the Granch SBNI16 SHDSL modem has been added.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a> now
supports SK-9521 V2.0 and 3COM 3C940 based Gigabit Ethernet NICs.</p>
<p>The suspend/resume support for the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wi&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">wi</span>(4)</span></a> driver now
works correctly when the device is configured down.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.4 Network Protocols</a></h4>
<p>A bug in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> limit
rule processing that could cause various panics has been fixed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> rules
now support comma-separated address lists (such as <var class="LITERAL">1.2.3.4,
5.6.7.8/30, 9.10.11.12/22</var>), and allow spaces after commas to make lists of
addresses more readable.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> rules
now support C++-style comments. Each comment is stored together with its rule and appears
using the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <var
class="LITERAL">show</var> command.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> can now
modify <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> rules in
set 31, which was read-only and used for the default rules. They can be deleted by <tt
class="COMMAND">ipfw delete set 31</tt> command but are not deleted by the <tt
class="COMMAND">ipfw flush</tt> command. This implements a flexible form of ``persistent
rules''. More details can be found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p>Kernel support has been added for Protocol Independent Multicast routing.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.5 Disks and Storage</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=da&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">da</span>(4)</span></a> driver no
longer tries to send 6-byte commands to USB and Firewire devices. Quirks for USB devices
(which hopefully are now unnecessary) have been disabled; to restore the old behavior,
add <var class="LITERAL">options DA_OLD_QUIRKS</var> to the kernel configuration.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twe&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twe</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the 3ware generic API.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.6 File Systems</a></h4>
<p>A new <var class="LITERAL">DIRECTIO</var> kernel option enables support for read
operations that bypass the buffer cache and put data directly into a userland buffer.
This feature requires that the <var class="LITERAL">O_DIRECT</var> flag is set on the
file descriptor and that both the offset and length for the read operation are multiples
of the physical media sector size.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PCCARD" name="PCCARD">2.2.7 PCCARD Support</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.8 Multimedia Support</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland Changes</a></h3>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">arp</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <var class="OPTION">-i</var> option to limit the scope of the current
operation to the ARP entries on a particular interface. This option applies to the
display operations only. It should be useful on routers with numerous network
interfaces.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(8)</span></a> now
allows the optional setting of a user, primary group, or group list to use inside the
chroot environment via the <var class="OPTION">-u</var>, <var class="OPTION">-g</var>,
and <var class="OPTION">-G</var> options respectively.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> <var
class="LITERAL">list</var> and <var class="LITERAL">show</var> command now support ranges
of rule numbers.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <var class="OPTION">-n</var> flag to test the syntax of commands without
actually changing anything.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_msdos&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_msdos</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports a <var class="OPTION">-M</var> option to specify the maximum file
permissions for directories in the file system.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">systat</span>(1)</span></a> now
includes displays for IPv6 and ICMPv6 traffic.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a> now
support a <var class="OPTION">-r</var> flag for decoding raw (or broken) files that may
be missing the initial and possibly final framing lines.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4 Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p>The Intel ACPI 20030228 distribution (with local FreeBSD changes and support code) has
been imported. This feature should be considered experimental and should be tested prior
to being deployed in a production environment.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Unlike on FreeBSD-CURRENT, the ACPI driver must be statically compiled
into the kernel by adding <var class="LITERAL">device acpica</var> to a kernel
configuration. There is no kernel module. This driver is not present in the default, <tt
class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> has been updated from 1.18.1 to 1.19.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">lukemftpd</b> (not built by default) has been updated from a
1.2beta1 to a 5 January 2003 snapshot from the NetBSD CVS repository.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been updated from 0.9.7a to 0.9.7c.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated to version 8.12.9.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">texinfo</b> has been updated from 4.5 to 4.6.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated from the <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003a</tt>
release to the <tt class="FILENAME">tzdata2003d</tt> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5 Ports/Packages Collection
Infrastructure</a></h3>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
now supports a <var class="OPTION">-C</var> option, which allows packages to register a
list of other packages with which they conflict. They will refuse to install (via <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>) if
one of the listed packages is already present. The <var class="OPTION">-f</var> flag to
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
overrides this conflict-checking.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6 Release Engineering and
Integration</a></h3>
<p>The supported release of <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> has been updated from 2.2 to
2.4.</p>
<p>The supported release of <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> has been updated from 3.1 to
3.1.4.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 Upgrading from previous releases of
FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three
options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+4.9-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of
FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading
method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it
requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need)
to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible,
but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases
like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete
reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> file for more information,
preferably <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning an
upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the -STABLE or -CURRENT
branches of FreeBSD, please be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing
up <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and configuration
files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
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