Apply Eivind's attempts to turn my words into English.
Submitted by: Eivind
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<!-- This is an SGML document in the linuxdoc DTD describing
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<!-- This is an SGML document in the linuxdoc DTD describing
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Disks and FreeBSD. By David O'Brien, 1998.
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Disks and FreeBSD. By David O'Brien, 1998.
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$Id: disks.sgml,v 1.2 1998-05-13 19:02:29 obrien Exp $
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$Id: disks.sgml,v 1.3 1998-05-15 09:36:42 obrien Exp $
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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controller, and drive manufacturer. Due the wide variations of procedures
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controller, and drive manufacturer. Due the wide variations of procedures
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to do this, the details are beyond the scope of this document.
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to do this, the details are beyond the scope of this document.
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Login as user <it>root</it>. After you've installed the drive,
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<p>Login as user <it>root</it>. After you've installed the drive,
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inspect <tt>/var/run/dmesg.boot</tt> to ensure the new disk was found.
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inspect <tt>/var/run/dmesg.boot</tt> to ensure the new disk was found.
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Continuing with our example, the newly added drive will be <tt>sd1</tt>
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Continuing with our example, the newly added drive will be <tt>sd1</tt>
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and we want to mount it on <tt>/1</tt>.
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and we want to mount it on <tt>/1</tt>.
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(if you are adding an IDE drive substitute <tt>wd</tt> for <tt>sd</tt>)
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(if you are adding an IDE drive substitute <tt>wd</tt> for <tt>sd</tt>)
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Because FreeBSD runs on IBM-PC compatible computers, it must take into
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<p>Because FreeBSD runs on IBM-PC compatible computers, it must take into
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account the PC BIOS partitions. These are different from the traditional
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account the PC BIOS partitions. These are different from the traditional
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BSD partitions. A PC disk has up to four BIOS partition entries. If the
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BSD partitions. A PC disk has up to four BIOS partition entries. If the
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disk is going to be truly dedicated to FreeBSD, you can use the
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disk is going to be truly dedicated to FreeBSD, you can use the
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<it>slices</it> so as not to confuse them with traditional BSD
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<it>slices</it> so as not to confuse them with traditional BSD
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partitions. You may also use slices on a disk that is dedicated to
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partitions. You may also use slices on a disk that is dedicated to
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FreeBSD, but used in a computer that also has another operating system
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FreeBSD, but used in a computer that also has another operating system
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installed. This is not confuse the <tt>fdisk</tt> utility of the other
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installed. This is to not confuse the <tt>fdisk</tt> utility of the other
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operating system.
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operating system.
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In the slice case the drive will be added as <tt>/dev/sd1s1e</tt>.
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<p>In the slice case the drive will be added as <tt>/dev/sd1s1e</tt>.
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This is read as: SCSI disk, unit number 1 (second SCSI disk), slice 1
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This is read as: SCSI disk, unit number 1 (second SCSI disk), slice 1
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(PC BIOS partition 1), and <tt>e</tt> BSD partition.
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(PC BIOS partition 1), and <tt>e</tt> BSD partition.
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In the dedicated case, the drive will be added simply as <tt>/dev/sd1e</tt>.
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In the dedicated case, the drive will be added simply as <tt>/dev/sd1e</tt>.
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<sect><heading> Using systinstall</heading>
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<sect><heading> Using sysinstall</heading>
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<p> You may use <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> to partition and label a new
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<p> You may use <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> to partition and label a new
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disk using its easy to use menus. Either login as user <it>root</it>
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disk using its easy to use menus. Either login as user <it>root</it>
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or use the <tt>su</tt> command. Run <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> and enter
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or use the <tt>su</tt> command. Run <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> and enter
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installation and <tt>dmesg</tt> output in the file
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installation and <tt>dmesg</tt> output in the file
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<tt>/var/run/dmesg.boot</tt>.
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<tt>/var/run/dmesg.boot</tt>.
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Select <tt>sd1</tt> to enter the <tt>FDISK Partition Editor</tt>.
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<p>Select <tt>sd1</tt> to enter the <tt>FDISK Partition Editor</tt>.
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Choose <tt>A</tt> to use the entire disk for FreeBSD. When asked if you
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Choose <tt>A</tt> to use the entire disk for FreeBSD. When asked if you
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want to ``remain cooperative with any future possible operating systems'',
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want to ``remain cooperative with any future possible operating systems'',
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answer <it>YES</it>. Write the changes to the disk using <it>W</it>.
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answer <it>YES</it>. Write the changes to the disk using <it>W</it>.
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Next you will be asked about the Master Boot Record. Since you are
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Next you will be asked about the Master Boot Record. Since you are
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adding a disk to an already running system, choose <it>None</it>.
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adding a disk to an already running system, choose <it>None</it>.
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Next enter the <it>Disk Label Editor</it>. This is where you will
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<p>Next enter the <it>Disk Label Editor</it>. This is where you will
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create the traditional BSD partitions. A disk can have up to eight
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create the traditional BSD partitions. A disk can have up to eight
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partitions, labeled a-h. A few of the partition labels have special
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partitions, labeled a-h. A few of the partition labels have special
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uses. The <it>a</it> partition is used for the root partition (/).
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uses. The <it>a</it> partition is used for the root partition (/).
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A system should only use the <it>a</it> partition on the system disk.
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Thus only your system disk (e.g, the disk you boot from) should have
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The <it>b</it> is used for swap partitions, and you may have many
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an <it>a</it> partition.
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disks with swap partitions. The <it>c</it> partition addresses the
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The <it>b</it> partition is used for swap partitions, and you may
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entire disk in dedicated mode, or the entire FreeBSD slice in slice
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have many disks with swap partitions. The <it>c</it> partition
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mode. The other partitions are for general use.
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addresses the entire disk in dedicated mode, or the entire FreeBSD
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slice in slice mode. The other partitions are for general use.
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Sysinstall's Label editor favors the <it>e</it> partition for non-root,
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<p>Sysinstall's Label editor favors the <it>e</it> partition for non-root,
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non-swap partitions. With in the Label editor, create a single file
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non-swap partitions. With in the Label editor, create a single file
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system using <it>C</it>. When prompted if this will be a FS (file
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system using <it>C</it>. When prompted if this will be a FS (file
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system) or swap, choose ``FS'' and give a mount point. Use
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system) or swap, choose ``FS'' and give a mount point (e.g,
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<tt>/mnt</tt>. When adding a disk in post-install mode, Sysinstall
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<tt>/mnt</tt>). When adding a disk in post-install mode, Sysinstall
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will not create entries in <tt>/etc/fstab</tt> for you. So the
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will not create entries in <tt>/etc/fstab</tt> for you, so the
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mount point you specify isn't important.
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mount point you specify isn't important.
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You are now ready to write the new label to the disk and create a
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<p>You are now ready to write the new label to the disk and create a
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file system on it. Do this by hitting <it>W</it>. Ignore any errors
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file system on it. Do this by hitting <it>W</it>. Ignore any errors
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from Sysinstall that it could not mount the new partition. Exit
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from Sysinstall that it could not mount the new partition. Exit
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the Label Editor and Sysinstall completely.
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the Label Editor and Sysinstall completely.
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The last step is to edit <tt>/etc/fstab</tt> to add an entry for your
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<p>The last step is to edit <tt>/etc/fstab</tt> to add an entry for your
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new disk.
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new disk.
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<sect><heading> Using command line utilities</heading>
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<sect><heading> Using command line utilities</heading>
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<p>If you will not be sharing the new drive with another operating system,
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<p>If you will not be sharing the new drive with another operating system,
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you may use the <it>dedicated</it> mode. Remember this mode can confuse
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you may use the <it>dedicated</it> mode. Remember this mode can confuse
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Microsoft operating systems; however, no damage will be done by them.
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Microsoft operating systems; however, no damage will be done by them.
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IBM's OS/2 however, will "appropriate" any partition it finds which
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it doesn't understand.
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<tscreen><verb>
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<tscreen><verb>
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dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd1 bs=1k count=1
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dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd1 bs=1k count=1
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disklabel -Brw sd1 auto
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disklabel -Brw sd1 auto
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<tscreen><verb>
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<tscreen><verb>
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dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd1 count=2
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dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd1 count=2
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disklabel /dev/rsd1 | disklabel -BrR sd1 /dev/stdin
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disklabel /dev/rsd1 | disklabel -BrR sd1 /dev/stdin
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newfs /dev/rsd1c
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newfs /dev/rsd1e
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mkdir -p /1
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mkdir -p /1
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vi /etc/fstab # add an entry for /dev/sd1e
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vi /etc/fstab # add an entry for /dev/sd1e
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mount /1
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mount /1
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