MFen: 1.168 -> 1.184

Obtained from:	The FreeBSD Traditional Chinese project

zh_TW.Big5/books/handbook/x11/chapter.sgml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
      The FreeBSD Documentation Project
 
      $FreeBSD$
-     Original revision: 1.168
+     Original revision: 1.184
 -->
 
 <chapter id="x11">
@@ -26,21 +26,25 @@
     <title>概述</title>
 
     <para>FreeBSD 使用 X11 來提供使用者相當好用的 GUI 介面。
-      X11 是 X Window 系統(包括 <application>&xorg;</application> 
+      X11 是 X Window 系統，包括 <application>&xorg;</application> 
-      以及 <application>&xfree86;</application> 的開放原碼實作。
+      以及 <application>&xfree86;</application> 實作的自由軟體版本
-      &os; 從 &os;&nbsp;4.11-RELEASE 到 &os;&nbsp;5.2.1-RELEASE 
+      (以及其他未在本章有介紹的軟體)。  &os; 一直到 &os;&nbsp;5.2.1-RELEASE 
-      可在預設的安裝程式內安裝 <application>&xfree86;</application>
+      都仍可在預設的安裝程式內去裝 <application>&xfree86;</application>
       (由 The &xfree86; Project, Inc 發行的 X11 server)。
       而 &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE 起，預設的 X11 改為 
       <application>&xorg;</application>(由 X.Org 基金會所開發的 
-      X11 server)。</para>
+      X11 server，並採用與 &os; 相當類似的 license)。  此外，當然也有商業
+      X servers 的 &os; 版。</para>
 
-    <para>本章主要是介紹 X11 軟體(<application>&xorg;</application>)
+    <para>本章主要是介紹 X11 (主要著重於 <application>&xorg;</application>
-      的安裝與設定。</para>
+      &xorg.version; 版部分)的安裝與設定。  若欲瞭解
+      <application>&xfree86;</application> 的詳細資料(早期的 &os; 內，
+      <application>&xfree86;</application> 乃是預設的 X11 套件)，請參閱舊版的
+      &os; Handbook，網址為 <ulink url="http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/"></ulink>
+      。</para>
 
-    <para>欲知 X11 有支援的顯示方面硬體的話，請參閱 <ulink
+    <para>欲知 X11 對於顯示方面硬體的支援情況，請參閱 <ulink
-      url="http://www.x.org/">&xorg;</ulink> 或 <ulink
+      url="http://www.x.org/">&xorg;</ulink> 網站。</para>
-      url="http://www.XFree86.org/">&xfree86;</ulink> 的網站。</para>
 
     <para>讀完這章，您將了解：</para>
 
@@ -73,14 +77,6 @@
       <listitem><para>知道如何運用 ports、packages 來安裝軟體。
         (<xref linkend="ports">)</para></listitem>
     </itemizedlist>
-
-    <note>
-      <para>本章會介紹 <application>&xorg;</application> 以及
-	<application>&xfree86;</application> 的 X11 server 安裝、設定。
-	大致而言，它們的設定檔、相關指令、語法會有些不同。
-	所以遇到這種不同情況時，我們會標註 <application>&xorg;</application>
-	以及 <application>&xfree86;</application> 的不同處。</para>
-    </note>
   </sect1>
 
   <sect1 id="x-understanding">
@@ -139,11 +135,6 @@
 	換句話說，也可以在 &microsoft.windows; 或蘋果電腦(Apple)的 &macos; 
 	上跑 X server，而且可以透過許多免費或商業軟體完成這些安裝、設定。
 	</para>
-
-      <para>自 &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE 起，&os; 所裝的 X server 則是
-	<application>&xorg;</application>，
-        它是採以相當類似 FreeBSD license 的授權方式，並且可自由使用。
-        當然也有商業 X servers 的 FreeBSD 版。</para>
     </sect2>
 
     <sect2>
@@ -287,20 +278,15 @@
   <sect1 id="x-install">
     <title>安裝 X11</title>
 
-    <para><application>&xorg;</application> or
+    <para><application>&xorg;</application> 是 &os; 預設的 X11 實作。
-      <application>&xfree86;</application> may be installed on &os;.
+      <application>&xorg;</application> 是由 X.Org 基金會所發行之開放源碼軟體
-      Beginning with &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE,
+      X Window 系統實作的 X server。  <application>&xorg;</application> 
-      <application>&xorg;</application> is the default X11
+      乃是以 <application>&xfree86&nbsp;4.4RC2</application> 以及 X11R6.6
-      implementation for &os;.  <application>&xorg;</application> is
+      為基礎所產生的。  目前 &os; Ports Collection 內的
-      the X server of the open source X Window System implementation released by the X.Org
+      <application>&xorg;</application> 版本為 &xorg.version;。</para>
-      Foundation.  <application>&xorg;</application> is based on the code of
-      <application>&xfree86&nbsp;4.4RC2</application> and X11R6.6.
-      The X.Org Foundation released X11R6.7 in April 2004 and
-      X11R6.8.2 in February 2005, this latter is the version
-      currently available in the &os; Ports Collection.</para>
 
-    <para>To build and install <application>&xorg;</application> from the
+    <para>從 Ports Collection 來安裝 <application>&xorg;</application> 
-      Ports Collection:</para>
+      的安裝方式：</para>
 
     <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</userinput>
 &prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
@@ -311,12 +297,6 @@
 	available.</para>
     </note>
 
-    <para>To build and install <application>&xfree86;</application>
-      from the Ports Collection:</para>
-
-    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/XFree86-4</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
-
     <para>Alternatively, X11
       can be installed directly from packages.
       Binary packages to use with &man.pkg.add.1; tool are also available for
@@ -330,11 +310,6 @@
 
     <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r xorg</userinput></screen>
 
-    <para>The <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> package can be
-      installed by typing:</para>
-
-    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r XFree86</userinput></screen>
-
     <note><para>The examples above will install the complete
       X11 distribution including the
       servers, clients, fonts etc.  Separate packages and ports of X11
@@ -344,47 +319,6 @@
     <para>The rest of this chapter will explain how to configure
       X11, and how to set up a productive desktop
       environment.</para>
-
-    <sect2 id="x-to-xorg">
-      <title>Moving from <application>&xfree86;</application> to
-	<application>&xorg;</application></title>
-
-      <para>As with any port, you should check the
-	<filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename> file for changes.
-	Included in this file are instructions for converting your
-	system from <application>&xfree86;</application> to
-	<application>&xorg;</application>.</para>
-
-      <para>Use <application>CVSup</application> to update your ports
-	tree prior to attempting any conversion.  You will also need
-	to install <filename
-	role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename> prior to
-	converting your X11 installation.</para>
-
-      <para>In your <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> you will need
-	to add the variable <literal>X_WINDOW_SYSTEM=xorg</literal>.
-	This ensures that your system knows which X11 is being used.
-	The older <literal>XFREE86_VERSION</literal> variable has been
-	deprecated and has been replaced with the
-	<literal>X_WINDOW_SYSTEM</literal> variable.</para>
-
-      <para>Then, use the following commands:</para>
-
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete -f /var/db/pkg/imake-4* /var/db/pkg/XFree86-*</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>pkgdb -F</userinput></screen>
-
-      <para>The &man.pkgdb.1; command is part of the
-	<application>portupgrade</application> software and will
-	update various package dependencies.</para>
-
-      <note>
-	<para>To build <application>&xorg;</application> in its
-	  entirety, be sure to have at least 4&nbsp;GB of free space
-	  available.</para>
-      </note>
-    </sect2>
   </sect1>
 
   <sect1 id="x-config">
@@ -401,8 +335,6 @@
     <title>設定 X11</title>
 
 
-    <indexterm><primary>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</primary></indexterm>
-    <indexterm><primary>&xfree86;</primary></indexterm>
     <indexterm><primary>&xorg;</primary></indexterm>
     <indexterm><primary>X11</primary></indexterm>
 
@@ -439,7 +371,6 @@
         resolution and color depth which the system can run at.  This is
         important to know so the user knows the limitations of the
         system.</para>
-
     </sect2>
 
     <sect2>
@@ -453,19 +384,12 @@
 
       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>Xorg -configure</userinput></screen>
 
-      <para>In the case of <application>&xfree86;</application>
-	type:</para>
-
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>XFree86 -configure</userinput></screen>
-
       <para>This will generate an
         X11 configuration skeleton file in the
         <filename>/root</filename> directory called
 	<filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> (whether you &man.su.1; or
 	do a direct login affects the inherited supervisor
-	<envar>$HOME</envar> directory variable).
+	<envar>$HOME</envar> directory variable).  The
-	For <application>&xfree86;</application>, this configuration
-	file is called  <filename>XF86Config.new</filename>.  The
         X11 program will attempt to probe
         the graphics hardware on the system and write a
         configuration file to load the proper drivers for the detected
@@ -479,10 +403,6 @@
 
       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>Xorg -config xorg.conf.new</userinput></screen>
 
-      <para><application>&xfree86;</application> users will type:</para>
-
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>XFree86 -xf86config XF86Config.new</userinput></screen>
-
       <para>If a black and grey grid and an X mouse cursor appear,
         the configuration was successful.  To exit the test, just press
         <keycombo action="simul">
@@ -497,7 +417,7 @@
 
       <indexterm><primary>X11 tuning</primary></indexterm>
 
-      <para>Next, tune the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> (or <filename>XF86Config.new</filename> if you are running <application>&xfree86;</application>)
+      <para>Next, tune the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename>
         configuration file to taste.  Open the file in a text editor such
         as &man.emacs.1; or &man.ee.1;.  First, add the
         frequencies for the target system's monitor.  These are usually
@@ -534,11 +454,8 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
       <indexterm>
         <primary><filename>xorg.conf</filename></primary>
       </indexterm>
-      <indexterm>
-        <primary><filename>XF86Config</filename></primary>
-      </indexterm>
 
-      <para>While the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> (or <filename>XF86Config.new</filename>)
+      <para>While the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename>
         configuration file is still open in an editor, select
         the default resolution and color depth desired.  This is
         defined in the <literal>"Screen"</literal> section:</para>
@@ -558,7 +475,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
       <para>The <literal>DefaultDepth</literal> keyword describes
         the color depth to run at by default.  This can be overridden
         with the <option>-depth</option> command line switch to
-        &man.Xorg.1; (or &man.XFree86.1;).
+        &man.Xorg.1;.
         The <literal>Modes</literal> keyword
         describes the resolution to run at for the given color depth.
         Note that only VESA standard modes are supported as defined by
@@ -576,48 +493,34 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
 	  troubleshooting process are the X11 log files, which contain
 	  information on each device that the X11 server attaches to.
 	  <application>&xorg;</application> log file names are in the format
-	  of <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename>
+	  of <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename>.  The exact name
-	  (<application>&xfree86;</application> log file names follow the
-	  format of <filename>XFree86.0.log</filename>).  The exact name
 	  of the log can vary from <filename>Xorg.0.log</filename> to
 	  <filename>Xorg.8.log</filename> and so forth.</para>
       </note>
 
       <para>If all is well, the configuration
         file needs to be installed in a common location where
-        &man.Xorg.1; (or &man.XFree86.1;)
+        &man.Xorg.1; can find it.
-        can find it.
 	This is typically <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> or
-	<filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> (for
+	<filename>/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>.</para>
-	<application>&xfree86;</application> it is called
-        <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
-        <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>).</para>
 
       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</userinput></screen>
 
-      <para>For <application>&xfree86;</application>:</para>
-
-      <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp XF86Config.new /etc/X11/XF86Config</userinput></screen>
-
       <para>The X11 configuration process is now
-        complete.  In order to start
+        complete.  <application>&xorg;</application> 目前可透過 &man.startx.1;
-        <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> with &man.startx.1;,
+	來啟動之。
-        install the <filename role="package">x11/wrapper</filename> port.
-	<application>&xorg;</application> already includes the wrapper
-	code and does not require the installation of the wrapper port.
 	The X11 server may also be started with the use of
         &man.xdm.1;.</para>
 
       <note><para>There is also a graphical configuration tool,
-	&man.xorgcfg.1; (&man.xf86cfg.1; for <application>&xfree86;</application>), that comes with the
+	&man.xorgcfg.1;, which comes with the
 	X11 distribution.  It
 	allows you to interactively define your configuration by choosing
 	the appropriate drivers and settings.  This program can be invoked from the console, by typing the command <command>xorgcfg -textmode</command>.  For more details,
-	refer to the &man.xorgcfg.1; and &man.xf86cfg.1; manual pages.</para>
+	refer to the &man.xorgcfg.1; manual pages.</para>
 
-      <para>Alternatively, there is also a tool called &man.xorgconfig.1;
+      <para>Alternatively, there is also a tool called &man.xorgconfig.1;.
-	(&man.xf86config.1; for <application>&xfree86;</application>),
+	This program is a console utility that is less user friendly,
-	this program is a console utility that is less user friendly,
 	but it may work in situations where the other tools do
 	not.</para></note>
 
@@ -634,36 +537,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
         <para>Configuration with &intel; i810 integrated chipsets
           requires the <devicename>agpgart</devicename>
           AGP programming interface for X11
-          to drive the card.  The &man.agp.4; driver is in the
+          to drive the card.  詳情請參閱 &man.agp.4; 說明。</para>
-	  <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel since releases
-	  4.8-RELEASE and 5.0-RELEASE.  On prior releases, you will
-	  have to add the following line:</para>
-
-	<programlisting>device agp</programlisting>
-
-	<para>in your kernel configuration file and rebuild a new
-	  kernel.  Instead, you may want to load
-	  the <filename>agp.ko</filename> kernel module
-          automatically with the &man.loader.8; at boot time.
-          For that, simply add this line to
-          <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>
-
-        <programlisting>agp_load="YES"</programlisting>
-
-        <para>Next, if you are running FreeBSD&nbsp;4.X or earlier, a
-          device node needs to be created for the
-          programming interface.  To create the AGP device node, run
-          &man.MAKEDEV.8; in the <filename>/dev</filename>
-          directory:</para>
-
-        <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /dev</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>sh MAKEDEV agpgart</userinput></screen>
-
-	<note>
-	  <para>FreeBSD&nbsp;5.X or later will use &man.devfs.5; to allocate
-	    device nodes transparently, therefore the
-	    &man.MAKEDEV.8; step is not required.</para>
-	</note>
 
         <para>This will allow configuration of the hardware as any other
           graphics board.  Note on systems without the &man.agp.4;
@@ -671,13 +545,6 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
 	  with &man.kldload.8; will not work.  This driver has to be
 	  in the kernel at boot time through being compiled in or
 	  using <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.</para>
-
-	<para>If you are using <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.1.0</application> (or
-	  later) and messages about unresolved symbols like
-          <literal>fbPictureInit</literal> appear, try adding the
-          following line after <literal>Driver "i810"</literal> in the
-          X11 configuration file:</para>
-        <programlisting>Option "NoDDC"</programlisting>
       </sect3>
 
       <sect3>
@@ -686,7 +553,8 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
 	<indexterm><primary>widescreen flatpanel configuration</primary></indexterm>
 
 	<para>本節假設各位已經有些微進階設定的功力。
-	  如果試著使用上述設定工具會有問題的話，請多利用相關 log 檔(會記錄相關訊息)以便找出解法。
+	  如果試著使用上述設定工具會有問題的話，請多利用相關 log 檔
+	  (會記錄相關訊息)以便找出解法。
 	  找尋解法過程中，可能會需要用到文字編輯器作為輔助。</para>
 
 	<para>目前的寬螢幕 (WSXGA, WSXGA+, WUXGA, WXGA, WXGA+ 等)
@@ -733,13 +601,13 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
 (II) MGA(0): v_active: 1050  v_sync: 1053  v_sync_end 1059 v_blanking: 1089 v_border: 0
 (II) MGA(0): Ranges: V min: 48  V max: 85 Hz, H min: 30  H max: 94 kHz, PixClock max 170 MHz</programlisting>
 
-	<para>這些訊息被稱為 EDID 訊息。可以藉由這些資料，搭配下列的正確順序來產生
+	<para>這些訊息被稱為 EDID 訊息。  可以藉由這些資料，
-	  <literal>ModeLine</literal> 設定：</para>
+	  搭配下列的正確順序來產生 <literal>ModeLine</literal> 設定：</para>
 
 	<programlisting> ModeLine &lt;name&gt; &lt;clock&gt; &lt;4 horiz. timings&gt; &lt;4 vert. timings&gt;</programlisting>
 
-	<para>所以這個案例 <literal>Section "Monitor"</literal> 的 <literal>ModeLine</literal> 
+	<para>所以這個案例 <literal>Section "Monitor"</literal> 的
-	  就會是像下面這樣：</para>
+	  <literal>ModeLine</literal> 就會是像下面這樣：</para>
 
 	<programlisting>Section "Monitor"
 Identifier      "Monitor1"
@@ -796,18 +664,15 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
 
     <para>And likewise with the freefont or other collections.  To have the X
       server detect these fonts, add an appropriate line to the
-      X server configuration file in <filename>/etc/X11/</filename>
+      X server configuration file (<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>),
-      (<filename>xorg.conf</filename> for
+      which reads:</para>
-      <application>&xorg;</application> and
-      <filename>XF86Config</filename> for
-      <application>&xfree86;</application>), which reads:</para>
 
-      <programlisting>FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/URW/"</programlisting>
+      <programlisting>FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/URW/"</programlisting>
 
       <para>Alternatively, at the command line in the X session
         run:</para>
 
-      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/URW</userinput>
+      <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/URW</userinput>
 &prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp rehash</userinput></screen>
 
       <para>This will work but will be lost when the X session is closed,
@@ -816,7 +681,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
     or <filename>~/.xsession</filename> when logging in through a
     graphical login manager like <application>XDM</application>).
     A third way is to use the new
-    <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename> file: see the
+    <filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename> file: see the
     section on <link linkend="antialias">anti-aliasing</link>.
     </para>
     </sect2>
@@ -829,26 +694,18 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
       <secondary>TrueType</secondary>
     </indexterm>
 
-    <para>Both <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> and <application>&xorg;</application> have built in support
+    <para><application>&xorg;</application> has built in support
     for rendering &truetype; fonts.  There are two different modules
     that can enable this functionality.  The freetype module is used
     in this example because it is more consistent with the other font
     rendering back-ends.  To enable the freetype module just add the
     following line to the <literal>"Module"</literal> section of the
-    <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> or
+    <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> file.</para>
-    <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> file.</para>
 
     <programlisting>Load  "freetype"</programlisting>
 
-    <para>For <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;3.3.X</application>, a separate
-      &truetype; font server is needed.
-      <application>Xfstt</application> is commonly used for
-      this purpose.  To install <application>Xfstt</application>,
-      simply install the port
-      <filename role="package">x11-servers/Xfstt</filename>.</para>
-
     <para>Now make a directory for the &truetype; fonts (for example,
-      <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</filename>)
+      <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</filename>)
       and copy all of the &truetype; fonts into this directory.  Keep in
       mind that &truetype; fonts cannot be directly taken from a
       &macintosh;; they must be in &unix;/&ms-dos;/&windows; format for use by
@@ -861,18 +718,18 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
       Ports Collection as
       <filename role="package">x11-fonts/ttmkfdir</filename>.</para>
 
-    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</userinput>
+    <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>ttmkfdir &gt; fonts.dir</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>ttmkfdir -o fonts.dir</userinput></screen>
 
     <para>Now add the &truetype; directory to the font
       path.  This is just the same as described above for <link
       linkend="type1">Type1</link> fonts, that is, use</para>
 
-    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</userinput>
+    <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</userinput>
 &prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp rehash</userinput></screen>
 
     <para>or add a <literal>FontPath</literal> line to the
-       <filename>xorg.conf</filename> (or <filename>XF86Config</filename>) file.</para>
+       <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file.</para>
 
       <para>That's it.  Now <application>&netscape;</application>,
         <application>Gimp</application>,
@@ -908,7 +765,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
       Beginning with
       <application>&xfree86;</application> 4.3.0, all fonts in X11
       that are found
-      in <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> and
+      in <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> and
       <filename>~/.fonts/</filename> are automatically 
       made available for anti-aliasing to Xft-aware applications.  Not
       all applications are Xft-aware, but many have received Xft support.
@@ -922,7 +779,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
     <para>In order to control which fonts are anti-aliased, or to
       configure anti-aliasing properties, create (or edit, if it
       already exists) the file
-      <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>.  Several
+      <filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>.  Several
       advanced features of the Xft font system can be tuned using
       this file; this section describes only some simple
       possibilities.  For more details, please see
@@ -942,12 +799,12 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
     </programlisting>
 
     <para>As previously stated, all fonts in
-      <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> as well as
+      <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> as well as
       <filename>~/.fonts/</filename> are already made available to
       Xft-aware applications.  If you wish to add another directory
       outside of these two directory trees, add a line similar to the
       following to
-      <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>:</para>
+      <filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>:</para>
 
     <programlisting>&lt;dir&gt;/path/to/my/fonts&lt;/dir&gt;</programlisting>
 
@@ -1045,11 +902,11 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
 	 set of default fonts can be found in the 
 	 <filename role="package">x11-fonts/bitstream-vera</filename>
 	 port.  This port will install a
-	 <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename> file
+	 <filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename> file
 	 if one does not exist already.  If the file does exist,
-	 the port will create a <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf-vera
+	 the port will create a <filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf-vera
 	 </filename> file.  Merge the contents of this file into
-	 <filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>, and the 
+	 <filename>/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>, and the 
 	 Bitstream fonts will automatically replace the default 
 	 X11 Serif, Sans Serif, and Monospaced
 	 fonts.</para>
@@ -1094,9 +951,8 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
          server is started.  However, programs must know how to take
          advantage of it.  At present, the Qt toolkit does,
          so the entire <application>KDE</application> environment can
-         use anti-aliased fonts (see <xref
+         use anti-aliased fonts.
-         linkend="x11-wm-kde-antialias"> on
+	 GTK+ and
-         <application>KDE</application> for details).  GTK+ and 
          <application>GNOME</application> can also be made to use 
          anti-aliasing via the <quote>Font</quote> capplet (see <xref
          linkend="x11-wm-gnome-antialias"> for details).  By default,
@@ -1152,7 +1008,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
       <title>Using XDM</title>
 
       <para>The <application>XDM</application> daemon program is
-        located in <filename>/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm</filename>.  This program
+        located in <filename>/usr/local/bin/xdm</filename>.  This program
         can be run at any time as <username>root</username> and it will
         start managing the X display on the local machine.  If
         <application>XDM</application> is to be run every
@@ -1163,7 +1019,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
         <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> file for running the
         <application>XDM</application> daemon on a virtual terminal:</para>
 
-      <screen>ttyv8   "/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon"  xterm   off secure</screen>
+      <screen>ttyv8   "/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon"  xterm   off secure</screen>
 
       <para>By default this entry is disabled; in order to enable it
         change field 5 from <literal>off</literal> to
@@ -1179,7 +1035,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
       <title>Configuring XDM</title>
 
       <para>The <application>XDM</application> configuration directory
-        is located in <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm</filename>.  In
+        is located in <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm</filename>.  In
         this directory there are several files used to change the
         behavior and appearance of
         <application>XDM</application>.  Typically these files will
@@ -1257,10 +1113,10 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
         <title>Xaccess</title>
 
         <para>The protocol for connecting to
-          <application>XDM</application> controlled displays is called
+          <application>XDM</application>-controlled displays is called
           the X Display Manager Connection Protocol (XDMCP).  This file
           is a ruleset for controlling XDMCP connections from remote
-	  machines.  It's ignored unless the <filename>xdm-config</filename>
+	  machines.  It is ignored unless the <filename>xdm-config</filename>
 	  is changed to listen for remote connections.  By default, it does
 	  not allow any clients to connect.</para>
       </sect3>
@@ -1268,7 +1124,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
       <sect3>
         <title>Xresources</title>
         <para>This is an application-defaults file for the display
-          chooser and the login screens.  This is where the appearance
+          chooser and login screens.  In it, the appearance
           of the login program can be modified.  The format is identical
           to the app-defaults file described in the
 	  X11 documentation.</para>
@@ -1323,7 +1179,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
       <title>Running a Network Display Server</title>
 
       <para>In order for other clients to connect to the display
-        server, edit the access control rules, and enable the connection
+        server, you must edit the access control rules, and enable the connection
         listener.  By default these are set to conservative values.
         To make <application>XDM</application> listen for connections,
         first comment out a line in the <filename>xdm-config</filename>
@@ -1336,9 +1192,9 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort:     0</screen>
       <para>and then restart <application>XDM</application>.  Remember that
         comments in app-defaults files begin with a <quote>!</quote>
         character, not the usual <quote>#</quote>.  More strict
-        access controls may be desired.  Look at the example
+        access controls may be desired &mdash; look at the example
         entries in <filename>Xaccess</filename>, and refer to the
-        &man.xdm.1; manual page.</para>
+        &man.xdm.1; manual page for further infomation.</para>
     </sect2>
 
      <sect2>
@@ -1405,9 +1261,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort:     0</screen>
       <sect3 id="x11-wm-gnome-install">
         <title>Installing GNOME</title>
 
-        <para>The easiest way to install
+        <para>可透過 package 或 Ports Collection 的方式來輕鬆安裝：</para>
-          <application>GNOME</application> is installed from a package or the ports
-          collection:</para>
 
         <para>To install the <application>GNOME</application> package
           from the network, simply type:</para>
@@ -1443,11 +1297,11 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort:     0</screen>
           If a custom <filename>.xinitrc</filename> is already in
           place, simply replace the line that starts the current window
           manager with one that starts
-          <application>/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session</application> instead.
+          <application>/usr/local/bin/gnome-session</application> instead.
           If nothing special has been done to the configuration file,
           then it is enough simply to type:</para>
 
-        <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session" &gt; ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
+        <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "/usr/local/bin/gnome-session" &gt; ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
 
         <para>Next, type <command>startx</command>, and the
           <application>GNOME</application> desktop environment will be
@@ -1458,11 +1312,11 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort:     0</screen>
           Instead, create an executable <filename>.xsession</filename>
           file with the same command in it.  To do this, edit the file
           and replace the existing window manager command with
-          <application>/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session</application>:
+          <application>/usr/local/bin/gnome-session</application>:
           </para></note>
 
-        <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "#!/bin/sh" > ~/.xsession</userinput>
+        <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "#!/bin/sh" &gt; ~/.xsession</userinput>
-&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session" >> ~/.xsession</userinput>
+&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "/usr/local/bin/gnome-session" &gt;&gt; ~/.xsession</userinput>
 &prompt.user; <userinput>chmod +x ~/.xsession</userinput></screen>
 
         <para>Yet another option is to configure the display manager to
@@ -1542,7 +1396,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort:     0</screen>
 	  </listitem>
 
           <listitem>
-	    <para>Centralized consisted dialog driven desktop
+	    <para>Centralized, consistent, dialog-driven desktop
 	      configuration</para>
 	  </listitem>
 
@@ -1552,29 +1406,22 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort:     0</screen>
 	  </listitem>
         </itemizedlist>
 
-        <para><application>KDE</application> has an office application
+        <para><application>KDE</application> comes with a web browser called
-          suite based on <application>KDE</application>'s
+          <application>Konqueror</application>, which is
-          <quote>KParts</quote> technology consisting
-          of a spread-sheet, a presentation application, an organizer, a
-          news client and more.  <application>KDE</application> also
-          comes with a web browser called
-          <application>Konqueror</application>, which represents
           a solid competitor to other existing web browsers on &unix;
           systems.  More information on <application>KDE</application>
           can be found on the <ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">KDE
           website</ulink>.  For FreeBSD specific information and
 	  resources on <application>KDE</application>, consult
-	  the <ulink url="http://freebsd.kde.org/">FreeBSD-KDE
+	  the <ulink url="http://freebsd.kde.org/">KDE on FreeBSD
 	  team</ulink>'s website.</para>
       </sect3>
 
       <sect3 id="x11-wm-kde-install">
-        <title>Installing KDE</title>
+        <title>安裝 KDE</title>
 
-        <para>Just as with <application>GNOME</application> or any
+        <para>如同 <application>GNOME</application> 或其他桌面管理軟體一樣，
-          other desktop environment, the easiest way to install
+	  也可以輕鬆透過 package 或 Ports Collection 來安裝：</para>
-          <application>KDE</application> is installed from a package
-	  or from the Ports Collection:</para>
 
         <para>To install the <application>KDE</application> package
           from the network, simply type:</para>
@@ -1643,120 +1490,11 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort:     0</screen>
           <application>GNOME</application>, or something else) to run
           after logging on.</para>
 
-        <para>To begin with, run the <application>KDE</application>
+        <para>To enable <application>kdm</application>, the
-          control panel, <command>kcontrol</command>, as
+	  <literal>ttyv8</literal> entry in <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>
-          <username>root</username>.  It is generally considered
+	  has to be adapted.  The line should look as follows:</para>
-          unsafe to run the entire X environment as
-          <username>root</username>.  Instead, run the window manager
-          as a normal user, open a terminal window (such as
-          <filename>xterm</filename> or <application>KDE</application>'s
-          <filename>konsole</filename>), become <username>root</username>
-          with <userinput>su</userinput> (the user must be in the
-          <groupname>wheel</groupname>
-          group in <filename>/etc/group</filename> for this), and then
-          type <userinput>kcontrol</userinput>.</para>
-
-	<para>Click on the icon on the left marked
-	  <guibutton>System</guibutton>, then on <guibutton>Login
-	  manager</guibutton>.  On the right there are
-          various configurable options, which the
-          <application>KDE</application> manual will explain in greater
-          detail.  Click on <guibutton>sessions</guibutton> on the right.
-          Click <guibutton>New type</guibutton> to add various window
-          managers and desktop environments.  These are just labels,
-          so they can say <application>KDE</application> and
-          <application>GNOME</application> rather than
-          <application>startkde</application> or
-          <application>gnome-session</application>.
-          Include a label <literal>failsafe</literal>.</para>
-
-        <para>Play with the other menus as well, they are mainly
-          cosmetic and self-explanatory.  When you are done, click on
-          <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> at the bottom, and quit the
-          control center.</para>
-
-        <para>To make sure <application>kdm</application> understands
-          what the labels (<application>KDE</application>,
-          <application>GNOME</application> etc) mean, edit the files used
-          by <link linkend="x-xdm">XDM</link>.
-          <note><para>In <application>KDE 2.2</application> this has
-            changed: <application>kdm</application> now uses its own
-            configuration files.  Please see the <application>KDE
-            2.2</application> documentation for details.</para>
-          </note>
-          In a terminal window, as <username>root</username>,
-          edit the file
-          <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession</filename>.  There is
-          a section in the middle like this:</para>
-
-	<screen>case $# in
-1)
-        case $1 in
-        failsafe)
-                exec xterm -geometry 80x24-0-0
-                ;;
-        esac
-esac</screen>
-
-        <para>A few lines need to be added to this section.
-          Assuming the labels from used were <quote>KDE</quote> and
-          <quote>GNOME</quote>,
-          use the following:</para>
-
-	<screen>case $# in
-1)
-        case $1 in
-        kde)
-                exec /usr/local/bin/startkde
-                ;;
-        GNOME)
-                exec /usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session
-                ;;
-        failsafe)
-                exec xterm -geometry 80x24-0-0
-                ;;
-        esac
-esac</screen>
-
-        <para>For the <application>KDE</application>
-          login-time desktop background to be honored,
-          the following line needs to be added to
-          <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0</filename>:</para>
-
-        <screen>/usr/local/bin/krootimage</screen>
-
-        <para>Now, make sure <application>kdm</application> is listed in
-          <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> to be started at the next bootup.
-          To do this, simply follow the instructions from the previous
-          section on <link linkend="x-xdm">XDM</link> and replace
-          references to the <command>/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm</command>
-          program with <command>/usr/local/bin/kdm</command>.</para>
-      </sect3>
-
-      <sect3 id="x11-wm-kde-antialias">
-        <title>Anti-aliased Fonts</title>
-
-        <indexterm><primary>KDE</primary>
-          <secondary>anti-aliased fonts</secondary></indexterm>
-        <para>X11
-	  supports anti-aliasing via
-	  its <quote>RENDER</quote> extension, and starting with version 2.3,
-	  Qt (the toolkit used by <application>KDE</application>) supports
-	  this extension.  Configuring this is described in <xref
-          linkend="antialias"> on antialiasing X11 fonts.  So, with
-          up-to-date software, anti-aliasing is possible on a
-          <application>KDE</application> desktop.  Just go to the KDE
-	  menu, go to
-	  <menuchoice>
-	    <guimenu>Preferences</guimenu>
-	    <guisubmenu>Look and Feel</guisubmenu>
-	    <guimenuitem>Fonts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, and click on the check box
-          <guibutton>Use Anti-Aliasing for Fonts and Icons</guibutton>.
-          For a Qt application which is not part of
-	  <application>KDE</application>, the environment variable
-	  <varname>QT_XFT</varname> needs to be set to <literal>true</literal>
-	  before starting the program.</para>
 
+	<programlisting>ttyv8 "/usr/local/bin/kdm -nodaemon" xterm on secure</programlisting>
        </sect3>
      </sect2>
 
@@ -1782,7 +1520,7 @@ esac</screen>
 
            <listitem>
 	     <para>Fully configurable via mouse, with drag and
-               drop, etc </para>
+               drop, etc. </para>
            </listitem>
 
            <listitem>
@@ -1792,8 +1530,7 @@ esac</screen>
 
            <listitem>
 	     <para>Integrated window manager, file manager, sound manager,
-	       <application>GNOME</application> compliance module, and other
+	       <application>GNOME</application> compliance module, and more</para>
-	       things</para>
            </listitem>
 
            <listitem>
@@ -1829,7 +1566,7 @@ esac</screen>
          <application>XFce</application> the next time X is started.
          Simply type this:</para>
 
-        <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/startxfce4" &gt; ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
+        <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>echo "/usr/local/bin/startxfce4" &gt; ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
 
         <para>The next time X is started,
           <application>XFce</application> will be the desktop.
@@ -1837,7 +1574,7 @@ esac</screen>
           <application>XDM</application> is being used, create an
           <filename>.xsession</filename>, as described in the
           section on <link linkend="x11-wm-gnome">GNOME</link>, but
-          with the <filename>/usr/X11R6/bin/startxfce4</filename>
+          with the <filename>/usr/local/bin/startxfce4</filename>
           command; or, configure the display manager to allow
           choosing a desktop at login time, as explained in
           the section on <link linkend="x11-wm-kde-kdm">kdm</link>.</para>