<command>man fstab</command> -> &man.fstab.5;
Minor grammar/markup changes. Placed two groups of paragraphs into <procedure> and <varlist> Make use of <port> tag Reviewed by: murray
This commit is contained in:
Chern Lee
parent
5195ad018c
commit
2de880b5f1
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=10077
1 changed files with 158 additions and 108 deletions
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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<!--
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml,v 1.39 2001/07/19 23:18:06 chern Exp $
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$FreeBSD$
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-->
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<chapter id="disks">
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
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<title>BIOS Drive Numbering</title>
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<para>Before you install and configure FreeBSD on your system, there is an
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important subject that you should be aware of if, especially if you have
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important subject that you should be aware of, especially if you have
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multiple hard drives.</para>
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<indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm>
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@ -235,11 +235,12 @@
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<indexterm><primary>root filesystem</primary></indexterm>
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<para>There are various reasons to house some of these
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directories on separate filesystems. <filename>/var</filename>
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contains <filename>log/</filename>, <filename>spool/</filename>,
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contains the directories <filename>log/</filename>,
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<filename>spool/</filename>,
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and various types of temporary files, and
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as such, may get filled up. Filling up the root filesystem
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isn't a good idea, so splitting <filename>/var</filename> from
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<filename>/</filename> is often a good idea.</para>
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<filename>/</filename> is often favorable.</para>
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<para>Another common reason to contain certain directory trees on
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other filesystems is if they are to be housed on separate
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@ -248,7 +249,7 @@
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drives.</para>
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<sect2 id="disks-fstab">
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<title>The fstab File</title>
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<title>The <filename>fstab</filename> File</title>
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<indexterm>
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<primary>filesystems</primary>
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<secondary>mounted with fstab</secondary>
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@ -264,28 +265,55 @@
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<programlisting><replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>/mount-point</replaceable> <replaceable>fstype</replaceable> <replaceable>options</replaceable> <replaceable>dumpfreq</replaceable> <replaceable>passno</replaceable></programlisting>
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<para><literal>device</literal> is a device name (which should
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exist), as explained in the <link linkend="disks-naming">Disk
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naming conventions</link> above.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>device</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A device name (which should exist), as explained in
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the <link linkend="disks-naming">Disk naming
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conventions</link> above.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<para><literal>mount-point</literal> is a directory (which
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should exist), on which to mount the filesystem.</para>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>mount-point</literal></term>
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<para><literal>fstype</literal> is the filesystem type to pass
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to &man.mount.8;. The default FreeBSD filesystem is
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<literal>ufs</literal>.</para>
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<listitem><para>A directory (which should exist), on which
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to mount the filesystem.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<para><literal>options</literal> is either <option>rw</option>
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for read-write filesystems, or <option>ro</option> for
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read-only filesystems, followed by any other options that may
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be needed. A common option is <option>noauto</option> for
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filesystems not normally mounted during the boot sequence.
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Other options in the &man.mount.8; manual page.</para>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>fstype</literal></term>
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<para><literal>dumpfreq</literal> is the number of days the
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filesystem should be dumped, and <literal>passno</literal> is
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the pass number during which the filesystem is checked during
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the boot sequence.</para>
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<listitem><para>The filesystem type to pass to
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&man.mount.8;. The default FreeBSD filesystem is
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<literal>ufs</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>options</literal></term>
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<listitem><para>Either <option>rw</option> for read-write
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filesystems, or <option>ro</option> for read-only
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filesystems, followed by any other options that may be
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needed. A common option is <option>noauto</option> for
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filesystems not normally mounted during the boot sequence.
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Other options in the &man.mount.8; manual page.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>dumpfreq</literal></term>
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<listitem><para>The number of days the filesystem should be
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dumped, and <literal>passno</literal> is the pass number
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during which the filesystem is checked during the boot
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sequence.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="disks-mount">
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|
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@ -308,7 +336,7 @@
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&man.mount.8; manual page, but the most common are:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<title>mount options</title>
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<title>Mount Options</title>
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|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-a</option></term>
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|
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@ -459,9 +487,9 @@
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<para>Login as user <username>root</username>. After you've installed the
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drive, inspect <filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename> to ensure the new
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disk was found. Continuing with our example, the newly added drive will
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be <filename>da1</filename> and we want to mount it on
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<filename>/1</filename> (if you are adding an IDE drive, it will
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be <filename>wd1</filename> in pre-4.0 systems, or
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be <devicename>da1</devicename> and we want to mount it on
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<filename>/1</filename> (if you are adding an IDE drive, the device name
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will be <devicename>wd1</devicename> in pre-4.0 systems, or
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<filename>ad1</filename> in most 4.X systems).</para>
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<indexterm><primary>partitions</primary></indexterm>
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@ -498,68 +526,86 @@
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<secondary>adding disks</secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>You may use <command>/stand/sysinstall</command> to
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partition and label a new disk using its easy to use menus.
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Either login as user <username>root</username> or use the
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<command>su</command> command. Run
|
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<command>/stand/sysinstall</command> and enter the
|
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<literal>Configure</literal> menu. Within the
|
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<literal>FreeBSD Configuration Menu</literal>, scroll down and
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select the <literal>Partition</literal> item. Next you should
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be presented with a list of hard drives installed in your
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system. If you do not see <literal>da1</literal> listed, you
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need to recheck your physical installation and
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<command>dmesg</command> output in the file
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<filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename>.</para>
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<para>Select <literal>da1</literal> to enter the <literal>FDISK
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Partition Editor</literal>. Type <literal>A</literal> to
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use the entire disk for FreeBSD. When asked if you want to
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<quote>remain cooperative with any future possible operating
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systems</quote>, answer <literal>YES</literal>. Write the
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changes to the disk using <userinput>W</userinput>. Now exit the
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FDISK editor by typing <userinput>q</userinput>. Next you will be
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asked about the Master Boot Record. Since you are adding a
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disk to an already running system, choose
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<literal>None</literal>.</para>
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<procedure>
|
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<step>
|
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<title>Navigating <application>Sysinstall</application></title>
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<indexterm><primary>BSD partitions</primary></indexterm>
|
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<para>Next, <application>Sysinstall</application> will
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enter the <literal>Disk Label Editor</literal>. This
|
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is where you will create the traditional BSD partitions. A
|
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disk can have up to eight partitions, labeled <literal>a-h</literal>.
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A few of
|
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the partition labels have special uses. The
|
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<literal>a</literal> partition is used for the root partition
|
||||
(<filename>/</filename>). Thus only your system disk (e.g,
|
||||
the disk you boot from) should have an <literal>a</literal>
|
||||
partition. The <literal>b</literal> partition is used for
|
||||
swap partitions, and you may have many disks with swap
|
||||
partitions. The <literal>c</literal> partition addresses the
|
||||
entire disk in dedicated mode, or the entire FreeBSD slice in
|
||||
slice mode. The other partitions are for general use.</para>
|
||||
<para>You may use <command>/stand/sysinstall</command> to
|
||||
partition and label a new disk using its easy to use menus.
|
||||
Either login as user <username>root</username> or use the
|
||||
<command>su</command> command. Run
|
||||
<command>/stand/sysinstall</command> and enter the
|
||||
<literal>Configure</literal> menu. Within the
|
||||
<literal>FreeBSD Configuration Menu</literal>, scroll down and
|
||||
select the <literal>Partition</literal> item. Next you should
|
||||
be presented with a list of hard drives installed in your
|
||||
system. If you do not see <literal>da1</literal> listed, you
|
||||
need to recheck your physical installation and
|
||||
<command>dmesg</command> output in the file
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||||
<filename>/var/run/dmesg.boot</filename>.</para>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><application>Sysinstall</application>'s Label editor
|
||||
favors the <literal>e</literal>
|
||||
partition for non-root, non-swap partitions. Within the
|
||||
Label editor, create a single file system by typing
|
||||
<userinput>C</userinput>. When prompted if this will be a FS
|
||||
(file system) or swap, choose <literal>FS</literal> and type in a
|
||||
mount point (e.g, <filename>/mnt</filename>). When adding a
|
||||
disk in post-install mode, <application>Sysinstall</application>
|
||||
will not create entries
|
||||
in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> for you, so the mount point
|
||||
you specify isn't important.</para>
|
||||
<step>
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||||
<title>FDISK Partition Editor</title>
|
||||
<para>Select <literal>da1</literal> to enter the <literal>FDISK
|
||||
Partition Editor</literal>. Type <literal>A</literal> to
|
||||
use the entire disk for FreeBSD. When asked if you want to
|
||||
<quote>remain cooperative with any future possible operating
|
||||
systems</quote>, answer <literal>YES</literal>. Write the
|
||||
changes to the disk using <userinput>W</userinput>. Now exit the
|
||||
FDISK editor by typing <userinput>q</userinput>. Next you will be
|
||||
asked about the Master Boot Record. Since you are adding a
|
||||
disk to an already running system, choose
|
||||
<literal>None</literal>.</para>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You are now ready to write the new label to the disk and
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||||
create a file system on it. Do this by typing
|
||||
<userinput>W</userinput>. Ignore any errors from
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||||
<application>Sysinstall</application> that
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||||
it could not mount the new partition. Exit the Label Editor
|
||||
and <application>Sysinstall</application> completely.</para>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<title>Disk Label Editor</title>
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||||
<indexterm><primary>BSD partitions</primary></indexterm>
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||||
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||||
<para>The last step is to edit <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
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||||
to add an entry for your new disk.</para>
|
||||
<para>Next, <application>Sysinstall</application> will
|
||||
enter the <literal>Disk Label Editor</literal>. This
|
||||
is where you will create the traditional BSD partitions. A
|
||||
disk can have up to eight partitions, labeled
|
||||
<literal>a-h</literal>.
|
||||
A few of
|
||||
the partition labels have special uses. The
|
||||
<literal>a</literal> partition is used for the root partition
|
||||
(<filename>/</filename>). Thus only your system disk (e.g,
|
||||
the disk you boot from) should have an <literal>a</literal>
|
||||
partition. The <literal>b</literal> partition is used for
|
||||
swap partitions, and you may have many disks with swap
|
||||
partitions. The <literal>c</literal> partition addresses the
|
||||
entire disk in dedicated mode, or the entire FreeBSD slice in
|
||||
slice mode. The other partitions are for general use.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><application>Sysinstall</application>'s Label editor
|
||||
favors the <literal>e</literal>
|
||||
partition for non-root, non-swap partitions. Within the
|
||||
Label editor, create a single file system by typing
|
||||
<userinput>C</userinput>. When prompted if this will be a FS
|
||||
(file system) or swap, choose <literal>FS</literal> and type in a
|
||||
mount point (e.g, <filename>/mnt</filename>). When adding a
|
||||
disk in post-install mode, <application>Sysinstall</application>
|
||||
will not create entries
|
||||
in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> for you, so the mount point
|
||||
you specify isn't important.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You are now ready to write the new label to the disk and
|
||||
create a file system on it. Do this by typing
|
||||
<userinput>W</userinput>. Ignore any errors from
|
||||
<application>Sysinstall</application> that
|
||||
it could not mount the new partition. Exit the Label Editor
|
||||
and <application>Sysinstall</application> completely.</para>
|
||||
</step>
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||||
|
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<step>
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||||
<title>Finish</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The last step is to edit <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
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to add an entry for your new disk.</para>
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</step>
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</procedure>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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||||
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@ -579,11 +625,11 @@
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda1 bs=1k count=1</userinput>
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||||
&prompt.root; <userinput>fdisk -BI da1</userinput> #Initialize your new disk
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||||
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -B -w -r da1s1 auto</userinput> #Label it.
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&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e da1s1</userinput> # Now edit the disklabel you just created and add any partitions.
|
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&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -e da1s1</userinput> # Edit the disklabel just created and add any partitions.
|
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&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir -p /1</userinput>
|
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&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/da1s1e</userinput> # Repeat this for every partition you created.
|
||||
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t ufs /dev/da1s1e /1</userinput> # Mount the partition(s)
|
||||
&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /etc/fstab</userinput> # When satisfied, add the appropriate entry/entries to your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.</screen>
|
||||
&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /etc/fstab</userinput> # Add the appropriate entry/entries to your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you have an IDE disk, substitute <filename>ad</filename>
|
||||
for <filename>da</filename>. On pre-4.X systems use
|
||||
|
|
@ -647,13 +693,13 @@
|
|||
linkend="disks-vnconfig">vnconfig</link>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="disks-vnconfig">
|
||||
<title>vnconfig: file-backed filesystem</title>
|
||||
<title>vnconfig: File-Backed Filesystem</title>
|
||||
<indexterm>
|
||||
<primary>disks</primary>
|
||||
<secondary>file-backed</secondary>
|
||||
</indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>&man.vnconfig.8; configures and enables vnode pseudo disk
|
||||
<para>&man.vnconfig.8; configures and enables vnode pseudo-disk
|
||||
devices. A <firstterm>vnode</firstterm> is a representation
|
||||
of a file, and is the focus of file activity. This means that
|
||||
&man.vnconfig.8; uses files to create and operate a
|
||||
|
|
@ -770,8 +816,8 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
|
|||
the quota database properly reflects the data on the file system.
|
||||
This is a very time consuming process that will significantly
|
||||
affect the time your system takes to boot. If you would like to
|
||||
skip this step, a variable is made available for the
|
||||
purpose:</para>
|
||||
skip this step, a variable in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
|
||||
is made available for the purpose:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>check_quotas=<quote>NO</quote></programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -803,8 +849,9 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
|
|||
<para>By default the quota files are stored in the root directory of
|
||||
the file system with the names <filename>quota.user</filename> and
|
||||
<filename>quota.group</filename> for user and group quotas
|
||||
respectively. See <command>man fstab</command> for more
|
||||
information. Even though that man page says that you can specify
|
||||
respectively. See &man.fstab.5; for more
|
||||
information. Even though the &man.fstab.5; man page says that
|
||||
you can specify
|
||||
an alternate location for the quota files, this is not recommended
|
||||
because the various quota utilities do not seem to handle this
|
||||
properly.</para>
|
||||
|
|
@ -910,7 +957,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
|
|||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -p test 10000-19999</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>See <command>man edquota</command> for more detailed
|
||||
<para>See the &man.edquota.8; for more detailed
|
||||
information.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1019,8 +1066,8 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
|
|||
<para>The <command><link linkend="mkisofs">mkisofs</link></command>
|
||||
program is used to produce a data file containing an ISO 9660 file
|
||||
system. It has options that support various extensions, and is
|
||||
described below. You can install it with the <filename>
|
||||
/usr/ports/sysutils/mkisofs</filename> port.</para>
|
||||
described below. You can install it with the
|
||||
<port>sysutils/mkisofs</port> port.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm>
|
||||
<primary>CD burner</primary>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1031,7 +1078,12 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
|
|||
linkend="burncd">burncd</link></command> program that is part of
|
||||
the base system. SCSI and USB CD burners should use the
|
||||
<command><link linkend="cdrecord">cdrecord</link></command> from
|
||||
the <filename>/usr/ports/sysutils/cdrecord</filename> port.</para>
|
||||
the <port>sysutils/cdrecord</port> port.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><command>burncd</command> has a limited number of
|
||||
supported drives. To find out if a drive is supported, see
|
||||
<ulink url="http://freebsd.dk/ata/">CD-R/RW supported
|
||||
drives</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="mkisofs">
|
||||
|
|
@ -1052,9 +1104,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
|
|||
<replaceable>/path/to/tree</replaceable>. In the process, it will
|
||||
map the file names to names that fit the limitations of the
|
||||
standard ISO 9660 file system, and will exclude files that have
|
||||
names uncharacteristic of ISO file systems. Read &man.mkisofs.8;
|
||||
for details of this process, and options that can be used to
|
||||
control it.</para>
|
||||
names uncharacteristic of ISO file systems.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm>
|
||||
<primary>filesystems</primary>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1069,9 +1119,8 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
|
|||
Rock Ridge extensions common to Unix systems, <option>-J</option>
|
||||
enables Joliet extensions used by Microsoft systems, and
|
||||
<option>-hfs</option> can be used to create HFS file systems used
|
||||
by Macs. Read &man.mkisofs.8; for more information on the last
|
||||
two.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
by MacOS.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>For CDs that are going to be used only on FreeBSD systems,
|
||||
<option>-U</option> can be used to disable all filename
|
||||
restrictions. When used with <option>-R</option>, it produces a
|
||||
|
|
@ -1106,8 +1155,9 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
|
|||
and <filename>/tmp/myboot</filename> are identical.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>There are many other options you can use with
|
||||
<command>mkisofs</command> to fine-tune its behavior. See
|
||||
&man.mkisofs.8; for details.</para>
|
||||
<command>mkisofs</command> to fine-tune its behavior. In particular:
|
||||
modifications to an ISO 9660 layout and the creation of Joilet
|
||||
and HFS discs. See the &man.mkisofs.8; man page for details.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="burncd">
|
||||
|
|
@ -1137,13 +1187,13 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
|
|||
<para>If you do not have an ATAPI CD burner, you will have to use
|
||||
<command>cdrecord</command> to burn your
|
||||
CDs. <command>cdrecord</command> is not part of the base system;
|
||||
you must install it from either the port at <filename>
|
||||
/usr/ports/sysutils/cdrecord</filename> or the appropriate
|
||||
you must install it from either the port at <port>sysutils/cdrecord</port>
|
||||
or the appropriate
|
||||
package. Changes to the base system can cause binary versions of
|
||||
this program to fail, possibly resulting in a
|
||||
<quote>coaster</quote>. You should therefore either upgrade the
|
||||
port when you upgrade your system, or if you are <link
|
||||
linkend="stable">tracking -stable</link>, upgrade the port when a
|
||||
linkend="stable">tracking -STABLE</link>, upgrade the port when a
|
||||
new version becomes available.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>While <command>cdrecord</command> has many options, basic usage
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue