diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.sgml index 9343289707..d4d98d7c8b 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.sgml @@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ convention. Localization settings are based on three main terms: - Language Code, Country Code and Encoding. Locale name constructed - with this three parts as follows: + Language Code, Country Code, and Encoding. Locale names are + constructed from these parts as follows: - + LanguageCode_CountryCode.Encoding @@ -125,19 +125,16 @@ Encodings - Some languages use non-ASCII encodings - that are 8-bit or 16-bit wide characters. - Older applications do not recognize - them and mistake them for control characters. Newer applications - usually - do recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on implementation, users - may be required to compile an application with 16-bit support, - or configure it correctly. - To be able to input and process - 16-bit wide characters, the FreeBSD Ports - collection has provided each language with different - programs. Refer to the i18n documentation in the respective - FreeBSD Port. + Some languages use non-ASCII encodings that are 8-bit or + 16-bit wide characters. Older applications do not recognize them + and mistake them for control characters. Newer applications + usually do recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on the + implementation, users may be required to compile an application + with 16-bit support, or configure it correctly. To be able to + input and process 16-bit wide characters, the FreeBSD Ports collection has provided + each language with different programs. Refer to the i18n + documentation in the respective FreeBSD Port. Specifically, the user needs to look at the application documentation to decide on how to configure it correctly or to @@ -147,19 +144,18 @@ - Language specific 8-bit wide character sets, f.e. - ISO_8859-1, KOI8-R, CP437. + Language specific 8-bit wide character sets, i.e., + ISO_8859-1, KOI8-R, CP437. 16-bit wide encodings, f.e. EUC, Big5. - - You can check active list of character sets at + You can check the active list of character sets at the IANA Registry. + url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry. @@ -169,24 +165,20 @@ url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registryi18n in their names for easy identification. However, they do not always support the language needed. - Setting Locale Theoretically, one only needs to export the value of his/her - locale name as LANG - in the login shell and is usually done - through the user's ~/.login_conf or - the user login shell configuration - (~/.profile, ~/.bashrc, - ~/.cshrc). - This should set all of the locale - subsets (such as LC_CTYPE, - LC_CTIME, etc.). - Please refer to - language-specific FreeBSD documentation for more + locale name as LANG in the login shell and is + usually done through the user's + ~/.login_conf or the user login shell + configuration (~/.profile, + ~/.bashrc, ~/.cshrc). + This should set all of the locale subsets (such as + LC_CTYPE, LC_CTIME, etc.). Please + refer to language-specific FreeBSD documentation for more information. You should set the following two values in your configuration @@ -211,365 +203,348 @@ url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA RegistrySetting Locale Methods There are two methods for setting locale, and both are - described below. The first (recommended one) is by - setting environment variables assignment in - login class, - and the second is by adding environment variables assignment - to the system's shell - startup file. + described below. The first (recommended one) is by assigning + the environment variables in login + class, and the second is by adding the environment + variable assignments to the system's shell startup file. - - Login Classes Method + + Login Classes Method - This method allows to assing environment - variables needed for locale name and MIME character set once - for every possible shell instead of adding specific shell assignment - to each shell startup file. - User Level Setup - can be done by an user himself and - Administrator Level Setup require - superuser priviledges. + This method allows environment variables needed for locale + name and MIME character sets to be assigned once for every + possible shell instead of adding specific shell assignments to + each shell's startup file. User + Level Setup can be done by an user himself and Administrator Level Setup require + superuser priviledges. - - User Level Setup + + User Level Setup - Here is minimal example of ~/.login_conf - file in user's home directory which have both variables set - for Russian KOI8-R encoding: + Here is a minimal example of a + .login_conf file in user's home + directory which has both variables set for Russian KOI8-R + encoding: - + me:My Account:\ :charset=KOI8-R:\ :lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R: - See - Administrator Level Setup - and - &man.login.conf.5; for explanation. + See Administrator Level + Setup and &man.login.conf.5; for more details. + - + + Administrator Level Setup - - Administrator Level Setup + Check that /etc/login.conf have the + correct language user's class. Make sure these settings + appear in /etc/login.conf: - Check that /etc/login.conf have the - correct language user's class. Make sure these settings appear - in /etc/login.conf: - - + language_name:accounts_title:\ :charset=MIME_charset:\ :lang=locale_name:\ :tc=default: - So sticking with our previous example using Russian, it - would look like this: - - + So sticking with our previous example using Russian, it + would look like this: + + russian:Russian Users Accounts:\ :charset=KOI8-R:\ :lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:\ :tc=default: - Changing Login Classes with &man.vipw.8;: + Changing Login Classes with &man.vipw.8; - Use vipw to add new users, and make the - entry look like this: + Use vipw to add new users, and make + the entry look like this: - + user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh - Changing Login Classes with &man.adduser.8;: + Changing Login Classes with &man.adduser.8; - Use adduser to add new users, and do - the following: + Use adduser to add new users, and do + the following: - - - Set defaultclass = language - in /etc/adduser.conf. Keep in mind - you must enter default class for all - users of other languages in this case. - + + + Set defaultclass = + language in + /etc/adduser.conf. Keep in mind + you must enter a default class for + all users of other languages in this case. + - - An alternative variant is answering the specified - language each time that Enter login - class: default []: appears from - &man.adduser.8; - + + An alternative variant is answering the specified + language each time that Enter login + class: default []: appears from + &man.adduser.8; + - - Another alternative is to use the following for each - user of a different language that you wish to add: + + Another alternative is to use the following for each + user of a different language that you wish to + add: - &prompt.root; adduser -class language - - + &prompt.root; adduser -class language + + - Changing Login Classes with &man.pw.8;: + Changing Login Classes with &man.pw.8; - If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call it in - this form: + If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call it in + this form: - &prompt.root; pw useradd user_name -L language - - + &prompt.root; pw useradd user_name -L language + + - - Shell Startup File Method + + Shell Startup File Method - - This method is not recommended because require - different setup for each possible login program choosed. - Use Login Class Method - instead. - + + This method is not recommended because it requires a + different setup for each possible login program chosen. Use + the Login Class Method + instead. + - To add locale name and MIME character set - just set the two environment variables shown below in - the /etc/profile and/or - /etc/csh.login shell startup files. We - will use the Russian language as an example below: + To add the locale name and MIME character set, just set + the two environment variables shown below in the + /etc/profile and/or + /etc/csh.login shell startup files. We + will use the Russian language as an example below: - In /etc/profile: + In /etc/profile: - + LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG MM_CHARSET=KOI8-R; export MM_CHARSET - Or in /etc/csh.login: + Or in /etc/csh.login: - + setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R setenv MM_CHARSET KOI8-R - Alternatively, you can add the above instructions to - /usr/share/skel/dot.profile (similar to - what was used in /etc/profile above), or - /usr/share/skel/dot.login (similar to what - was used in /etc/csh.login above). + Alternatively, you can add the above instructions to + /usr/share/skel/dot.profile (similar to + what was used in /etc/profile above), or + /usr/share/skel/dot.login (similar to + what was used in /etc/csh.login + above). - For X11: + For X11: - In $HOME/.xinitrc: + In $HOME/.xinitrc: - + LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG - Or: + Or: - + setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R - Depending on your shell (see above). - - - + Depending on your shell (see above). + - + - - Console Setup + + Console Setup - For all 8-bit wide languages, set the correct console fonts - in /etc/rc.conf for the language in - question with: + For all 8-bit wide languages, set the correct console fonts + in /etc/rc.conf for the language in question + with: - + font8x16=font_name font8x14=font_name font8x8=font_name - font_name here taken from - /usr/share/syscons/fonts directory, - without .fnt suffix. + The font_name here is taken from + the /usr/share/syscons/fonts directory, + without the .fnt suffix. - Also be sure to set the correct keymap and screenmap for - your 8-bit language through - /stand/sysinstall. Once inside sysinstall, - choose Configure, then - Console. Alternatively, you can add the - following to /etc/rc.conf: + Also be sure to set the correct keymap and screenmap for your + 8-bit language through /stand/sysinstall. + Once inside sysinstall, choose Configure, then + Console. Alternatively, you can add the + following to /etc/rc.conf: - + scrnmap=screenmap_name keymap=keymap_name keychange="fkey_number sequence" - screenmap_name here taken from - /usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps directory, - without .scm suffix. - Screenmap with corresponding mapped font - is usually needed as workaround for expanding - bit 8 to bit 9 on VGA adapter font character matrix - in pseudographics area, i.e. - to move letters out of that area if screen font use bit 8 - column. + The screenmap_name here is taken + from the /usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps + directory, without the .scm suffix. A + screenmap with a corresponding mapped font is usually needed as a + workaround for expanding bit 8 to bit 9 on a VGA adapter's font + character matrix in pseudographics area, i.e., to move letters out + of that area if screen font uses a bit 8 column. - If you use &man.moused.8;, i.e. have - following setting in /etc/rc.conf: + According to the &man.moused.8; man page, you should have the + following setting in /etc/rc.conf: - + moused_enable="YES" - and your screen font uses bit 8 column of font - character matrix, - be shure that you compile your kernel with + If your screen font uses bit 8 column of font character + matrix, be sure that you compile your kernel with the following + options in your kernel configuration file to avoid bit 8 to bit 9 + expansion of the font character with the mouse cursor on VGA + adapters. - -options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 + +options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 - in your kernel configuration file to avoid - bit 8 to bit 9 expansion of the font character - under mouse cursor on VGA adapters. - + The keymap_name here is taken from + the /usr/share/syscons/keymaps directory, + without the .kbd suffix. - keymap_name here taken from - /usr/share/syscons/keymaps directory, - without .kbd suffix. + The keychange is usually needed to program + function keys to match the selected terminal type because + function key sequences can not be defined in the key map. - keychange is usually needed - to program function keys to match selected terminal - type because function keys sequences can't be defined in - key map. + Also be sure to set the correct console terminal type in + /etc/ttys for all ttyv* + entries. Current pre-defined correspondences are: - Also be shure to set correct console terminal type in - /etc/ttys for all - ttyv* entries. - Current pre-defined correspondences are: + + + + + Character Set + Terminal Type + + - - - - - Character Set - Terminal Type - - + + + ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-15 + cons25l1 + - - - ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-15 - cons25l1 - + + ISO-8859-2 + cons25l2 + - - ISO-8859-2 - cons25l2 - + + KOI8-R + cons25r + - - KOI8-R - cons25r - + + CP437 (hardware default) + cons25 + + + + - - CP437 (hardware default) - cons25 - + For 16-bit wide languages, use the correct FreeBSD port in + your /usr/ports/language + directory. Some ports appear as console while the system sees it + as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's for both + X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial list of + applications for using other languages in console: - - - + + + + + Language + Location + + - For 16-bit wide languages, use the correct FreeBSD Port in your - /usr/ports/language - directory. Some ports appear as console while the systems sees - it as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's for - both X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial list of - applications for using other languages in console: + + + Traditional Chinese (BIG-5) + /usr/ports/chinese/big5con + - - - - - Language - Location - - + + Japanese + /usr/ports/japanese/ja-kon2-* or + /usr/ports/japanese/Mule_Wnn + - - - Traditional Chinese (BIG-5) - /usr/ports/chinese/big5con - + + Korean + /usr/ports/korean/ko-han + + + + + - - Japanese - /usr/ports/japanese/ja-kon2-* - or /usr/ports/japanese/Mule_Wnn - + + X11 Setup - - Korean - /usr/ports/korean/ko-han - + Although X11 is not part of the FreeBSD Project, we have + included some information here for FreeBSD users. For more + details, refer to the XFree86 + website or whichever X11 Server you use. - - - - + In ~/.Xresources, you can additionally + tune application specific i18n settings (e.g., fonts, menus, + etc.). - - X11 Setup + + Displaying Fonts - Although X11 is not part of the FreeBSD Project, we have - included some information here for FreeBSD users. For more - details, refer to the XFree86 website or - whichever X11 Server you use. + Install the X11 True Type-Common server (XTT-common) and + install the language truetype fonts. Setting the correct + locale should allow you to view your selected language in menus + and such. + - In ~/.Xresources, you can - additionly tune - application specific i18n settings (e.g., fonts, menus, - etc.). + + Inputting Non-English Characters - - Displaying Fonts + The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard for + all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written as XIM + clients that take input from XIM Input servers. There are + several XIM servers available for different languages. + + - Install the X11 True Type-Common server (XTT-common) and - install the language truetype fonts. Setting the correct - locale should allow you to view your selected language in - menus and such. - + + Printer Setup - - Inputting Non-English Characters + 8-bit characters are usually hardware coded into printers. + 16-bit characters require special setup and we recommend using + apsfilter. You may also convert the + document to Postscript or PDF formats using language specific + converters. + - The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard for - all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written as XIM - clients that take input from XIM Input servers. There are - several XIM servers available for different languages. - - + + Kernel and File Systems - - Printer Setup + The FreeBSD FFS filesystem is 8-bit clean so can be used with + any 8-bit wide character set, but there is no character set name + stored in the filesystem; i.e., it is raw 8-bit and does not know + anything about encoding order. FFS does not support any form of + 16-bit wide character sets yet. - 8-bit characters are usually hardware coded into printers. - 16-bit characters require special setup and we recommend using - apsfilter. - You may also convert the document to Postscript or - PDF formats using language specific converters. - - - - Kernel and File Systems - - FreeBSD FFS filesystem is 8-bit clean so can be used - with any 8-bit wide character set, but there is no character - set name stored in filesystem, i.e. it is raw 8-bit and not - knows anything about encoding order. FFS not support any - form of 16-bit wide character sets yet. - - - FreeBSD MSDOS filesystem have configurable - ability to proceed conversion between - MSDOS plus Unicode character sets and choosed - FreeBSD filesystem character set, see - &man.mount.msdos.8; for details. - + The FreeBSD MSDOS filesystem has the configurable ability to + convertbetween MSDOS plus Unicode character sets and choosen + FreeBSD filesystem character sets. See &man.mount.msdos.8; for + details. + @@ -652,24 +627,23 @@ options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 - Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Language + Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Languages Russian Language (KOI8-R encoding) Originally contributed by - &a.ache;. + &a.ache;. - See more info about KOI8-R encoding at For more information about KOI8-R encoding, see the KOI8-R References (Russian Net Character Set). Locale Setup - Put following lines into - your ~/.login_conf - file: + Put the following lines into your + ~/.login_conf file: me:My Account:\ @@ -684,20 +658,19 @@ me:My Account:\ Console Setup + + Add the following to your kernel configuration + file: - - Add + +options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 + - -options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 + + Use following settings in + /etc/rc.conf: - to your kernel configuration file. - - - - Use following settings in - /etc/rc.conf: - + keymap="ru.koi8-r" keychange="61 ^[[K" scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866" @@ -705,23 +678,21 @@ font8x16="cp866b-8x16" font8x14="cp866-8x14" font8x8="cp866-8x8" - Note that ^[ here stands for real - Escape character \033 entered directly in - /etc/rc.conf, not for sequence of two - characters '^' and '['. - - - - For each ttyv* entry in - /etc/ttys use cons25r - as terminal type. - + Note that the ^[ here stands for a + real Escape character (\033) entered directly in + /etc/rc.conf, not for sequence of two + characters '^' and '['. + + + For each ttyv* entry in + /etc/ttys, use + cons25ras the terminal type. + See earlier in this chapter for examples of setting up the - console. - + console. @@ -805,9 +776,9 @@ FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi" To activate a Russian keyboard add a XkbKeymap "xfree86(ru)" line into the "Keyboard" - section in your /etc/XF86Config file. Also - make sure that XkbDisable is turned off - (commented out) there. + section in your /etc/XF86Config file. + Also make sure that XkbDisable is turned + off (commented out) there. The RUS/LAT switch will be CapsLock. The old CapsLock function is still @@ -824,8 +795,8 @@ FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi" NULL); function early in the program. See - KOI8-R for X-Window for more - instructions for localizing X11 applications. + KOI8-R for X-Window for more instructions on + localizing X11 applications. diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.sgml index 9343289707..d4d98d7c8b 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.sgml @@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ convention. Localization settings are based on three main terms: - Language Code, Country Code and Encoding. Locale name constructed - with this three parts as follows: + Language Code, Country Code, and Encoding. Locale names are + constructed from these parts as follows: - + LanguageCode_CountryCode.Encoding @@ -125,19 +125,16 @@ Encodings - Some languages use non-ASCII encodings - that are 8-bit or 16-bit wide characters. - Older applications do not recognize - them and mistake them for control characters. Newer applications - usually - do recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on implementation, users - may be required to compile an application with 16-bit support, - or configure it correctly. - To be able to input and process - 16-bit wide characters, the FreeBSD Ports - collection has provided each language with different - programs. Refer to the i18n documentation in the respective - FreeBSD Port. + Some languages use non-ASCII encodings that are 8-bit or + 16-bit wide characters. Older applications do not recognize them + and mistake them for control characters. Newer applications + usually do recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on the + implementation, users may be required to compile an application + with 16-bit support, or configure it correctly. To be able to + input and process 16-bit wide characters, the FreeBSD Ports collection has provided + each language with different programs. Refer to the i18n + documentation in the respective FreeBSD Port. Specifically, the user needs to look at the application documentation to decide on how to configure it correctly or to @@ -147,19 +144,18 @@ - Language specific 8-bit wide character sets, f.e. - ISO_8859-1, KOI8-R, CP437. + Language specific 8-bit wide character sets, i.e., + ISO_8859-1, KOI8-R, CP437. 16-bit wide encodings, f.e. EUC, Big5. - - You can check active list of character sets at + You can check the active list of character sets at the IANA Registry. + url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry. @@ -169,24 +165,20 @@ url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registryi18n in their names for easy identification. However, they do not always support the language needed. - Setting Locale Theoretically, one only needs to export the value of his/her - locale name as LANG - in the login shell and is usually done - through the user's ~/.login_conf or - the user login shell configuration - (~/.profile, ~/.bashrc, - ~/.cshrc). - This should set all of the locale - subsets (such as LC_CTYPE, - LC_CTIME, etc.). - Please refer to - language-specific FreeBSD documentation for more + locale name as LANG in the login shell and is + usually done through the user's + ~/.login_conf or the user login shell + configuration (~/.profile, + ~/.bashrc, ~/.cshrc). + This should set all of the locale subsets (such as + LC_CTYPE, LC_CTIME, etc.). Please + refer to language-specific FreeBSD documentation for more information. You should set the following two values in your configuration @@ -211,365 +203,348 @@ url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA RegistrySetting Locale Methods There are two methods for setting locale, and both are - described below. The first (recommended one) is by - setting environment variables assignment in - login class, - and the second is by adding environment variables assignment - to the system's shell - startup file. + described below. The first (recommended one) is by assigning + the environment variables in login + class, and the second is by adding the environment + variable assignments to the system's shell startup file. - - Login Classes Method + + Login Classes Method - This method allows to assing environment - variables needed for locale name and MIME character set once - for every possible shell instead of adding specific shell assignment - to each shell startup file. - User Level Setup - can be done by an user himself and - Administrator Level Setup require - superuser priviledges. + This method allows environment variables needed for locale + name and MIME character sets to be assigned once for every + possible shell instead of adding specific shell assignments to + each shell's startup file. User + Level Setup can be done by an user himself and Administrator Level Setup require + superuser priviledges. - - User Level Setup + + User Level Setup - Here is minimal example of ~/.login_conf - file in user's home directory which have both variables set - for Russian KOI8-R encoding: + Here is a minimal example of a + .login_conf file in user's home + directory which has both variables set for Russian KOI8-R + encoding: - + me:My Account:\ :charset=KOI8-R:\ :lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R: - See - Administrator Level Setup - and - &man.login.conf.5; for explanation. + See Administrator Level + Setup and &man.login.conf.5; for more details. + - + + Administrator Level Setup - - Administrator Level Setup + Check that /etc/login.conf have the + correct language user's class. Make sure these settings + appear in /etc/login.conf: - Check that /etc/login.conf have the - correct language user's class. Make sure these settings appear - in /etc/login.conf: - - + language_name:accounts_title:\ :charset=MIME_charset:\ :lang=locale_name:\ :tc=default: - So sticking with our previous example using Russian, it - would look like this: - - + So sticking with our previous example using Russian, it + would look like this: + + russian:Russian Users Accounts:\ :charset=KOI8-R:\ :lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:\ :tc=default: - Changing Login Classes with &man.vipw.8;: + Changing Login Classes with &man.vipw.8; - Use vipw to add new users, and make the - entry look like this: + Use vipw to add new users, and make + the entry look like this: - + user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh - Changing Login Classes with &man.adduser.8;: + Changing Login Classes with &man.adduser.8; - Use adduser to add new users, and do - the following: + Use adduser to add new users, and do + the following: - - - Set defaultclass = language - in /etc/adduser.conf. Keep in mind - you must enter default class for all - users of other languages in this case. - + + + Set defaultclass = + language in + /etc/adduser.conf. Keep in mind + you must enter a default class for + all users of other languages in this case. + - - An alternative variant is answering the specified - language each time that Enter login - class: default []: appears from - &man.adduser.8; - + + An alternative variant is answering the specified + language each time that Enter login + class: default []: appears from + &man.adduser.8; + - - Another alternative is to use the following for each - user of a different language that you wish to add: + + Another alternative is to use the following for each + user of a different language that you wish to + add: - &prompt.root; adduser -class language - - + &prompt.root; adduser -class language + + - Changing Login Classes with &man.pw.8;: + Changing Login Classes with &man.pw.8; - If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call it in - this form: + If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call it in + this form: - &prompt.root; pw useradd user_name -L language - - + &prompt.root; pw useradd user_name -L language + + - - Shell Startup File Method + + Shell Startup File Method - - This method is not recommended because require - different setup for each possible login program choosed. - Use Login Class Method - instead. - + + This method is not recommended because it requires a + different setup for each possible login program chosen. Use + the Login Class Method + instead. + - To add locale name and MIME character set - just set the two environment variables shown below in - the /etc/profile and/or - /etc/csh.login shell startup files. We - will use the Russian language as an example below: + To add the locale name and MIME character set, just set + the two environment variables shown below in the + /etc/profile and/or + /etc/csh.login shell startup files. We + will use the Russian language as an example below: - In /etc/profile: + In /etc/profile: - + LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG MM_CHARSET=KOI8-R; export MM_CHARSET - Or in /etc/csh.login: + Or in /etc/csh.login: - + setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R setenv MM_CHARSET KOI8-R - Alternatively, you can add the above instructions to - /usr/share/skel/dot.profile (similar to - what was used in /etc/profile above), or - /usr/share/skel/dot.login (similar to what - was used in /etc/csh.login above). + Alternatively, you can add the above instructions to + /usr/share/skel/dot.profile (similar to + what was used in /etc/profile above), or + /usr/share/skel/dot.login (similar to + what was used in /etc/csh.login + above). - For X11: + For X11: - In $HOME/.xinitrc: + In $HOME/.xinitrc: - + LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG - Or: + Or: - + setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R - Depending on your shell (see above). - - - + Depending on your shell (see above). + - + - - Console Setup + + Console Setup - For all 8-bit wide languages, set the correct console fonts - in /etc/rc.conf for the language in - question with: + For all 8-bit wide languages, set the correct console fonts + in /etc/rc.conf for the language in question + with: - + font8x16=font_name font8x14=font_name font8x8=font_name - font_name here taken from - /usr/share/syscons/fonts directory, - without .fnt suffix. + The font_name here is taken from + the /usr/share/syscons/fonts directory, + without the .fnt suffix. - Also be sure to set the correct keymap and screenmap for - your 8-bit language through - /stand/sysinstall. Once inside sysinstall, - choose Configure, then - Console. Alternatively, you can add the - following to /etc/rc.conf: + Also be sure to set the correct keymap and screenmap for your + 8-bit language through /stand/sysinstall. + Once inside sysinstall, choose Configure, then + Console. Alternatively, you can add the + following to /etc/rc.conf: - + scrnmap=screenmap_name keymap=keymap_name keychange="fkey_number sequence" - screenmap_name here taken from - /usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps directory, - without .scm suffix. - Screenmap with corresponding mapped font - is usually needed as workaround for expanding - bit 8 to bit 9 on VGA adapter font character matrix - in pseudographics area, i.e. - to move letters out of that area if screen font use bit 8 - column. + The screenmap_name here is taken + from the /usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps + directory, without the .scm suffix. A + screenmap with a corresponding mapped font is usually needed as a + workaround for expanding bit 8 to bit 9 on a VGA adapter's font + character matrix in pseudographics area, i.e., to move letters out + of that area if screen font uses a bit 8 column. - If you use &man.moused.8;, i.e. have - following setting in /etc/rc.conf: + According to the &man.moused.8; man page, you should have the + following setting in /etc/rc.conf: - + moused_enable="YES" - and your screen font uses bit 8 column of font - character matrix, - be shure that you compile your kernel with + If your screen font uses bit 8 column of font character + matrix, be sure that you compile your kernel with the following + options in your kernel configuration file to avoid bit 8 to bit 9 + expansion of the font character with the mouse cursor on VGA + adapters. - -options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 + +options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 - in your kernel configuration file to avoid - bit 8 to bit 9 expansion of the font character - under mouse cursor on VGA adapters. - + The keymap_name here is taken from + the /usr/share/syscons/keymaps directory, + without the .kbd suffix. - keymap_name here taken from - /usr/share/syscons/keymaps directory, - without .kbd suffix. + The keychange is usually needed to program + function keys to match the selected terminal type because + function key sequences can not be defined in the key map. - keychange is usually needed - to program function keys to match selected terminal - type because function keys sequences can't be defined in - key map. + Also be sure to set the correct console terminal type in + /etc/ttys for all ttyv* + entries. Current pre-defined correspondences are: - Also be shure to set correct console terminal type in - /etc/ttys for all - ttyv* entries. - Current pre-defined correspondences are: + + + + + Character Set + Terminal Type + + - - - - - Character Set - Terminal Type - - + + + ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-15 + cons25l1 + - - - ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-15 - cons25l1 - + + ISO-8859-2 + cons25l2 + - - ISO-8859-2 - cons25l2 - + + KOI8-R + cons25r + - - KOI8-R - cons25r - + + CP437 (hardware default) + cons25 + + + + - - CP437 (hardware default) - cons25 - + For 16-bit wide languages, use the correct FreeBSD port in + your /usr/ports/language + directory. Some ports appear as console while the system sees it + as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's for both + X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial list of + applications for using other languages in console: - - - + + + + + Language + Location + + - For 16-bit wide languages, use the correct FreeBSD Port in your - /usr/ports/language - directory. Some ports appear as console while the systems sees - it as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's for - both X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial list of - applications for using other languages in console: + + + Traditional Chinese (BIG-5) + /usr/ports/chinese/big5con + - - - - - Language - Location - - + + Japanese + /usr/ports/japanese/ja-kon2-* or + /usr/ports/japanese/Mule_Wnn + - - - Traditional Chinese (BIG-5) - /usr/ports/chinese/big5con - + + Korean + /usr/ports/korean/ko-han + + + + + - - Japanese - /usr/ports/japanese/ja-kon2-* - or /usr/ports/japanese/Mule_Wnn - + + X11 Setup - - Korean - /usr/ports/korean/ko-han - + Although X11 is not part of the FreeBSD Project, we have + included some information here for FreeBSD users. For more + details, refer to the XFree86 + website or whichever X11 Server you use. - - - - + In ~/.Xresources, you can additionally + tune application specific i18n settings (e.g., fonts, menus, + etc.). - - X11 Setup + + Displaying Fonts - Although X11 is not part of the FreeBSD Project, we have - included some information here for FreeBSD users. For more - details, refer to the XFree86 website or - whichever X11 Server you use. + Install the X11 True Type-Common server (XTT-common) and + install the language truetype fonts. Setting the correct + locale should allow you to view your selected language in menus + and such. + - In ~/.Xresources, you can - additionly tune - application specific i18n settings (e.g., fonts, menus, - etc.). + + Inputting Non-English Characters - - Displaying Fonts + The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard for + all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written as XIM + clients that take input from XIM Input servers. There are + several XIM servers available for different languages. + + - Install the X11 True Type-Common server (XTT-common) and - install the language truetype fonts. Setting the correct - locale should allow you to view your selected language in - menus and such. - + + Printer Setup - - Inputting Non-English Characters + 8-bit characters are usually hardware coded into printers. + 16-bit characters require special setup and we recommend using + apsfilter. You may also convert the + document to Postscript or PDF formats using language specific + converters. + - The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard for - all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written as XIM - clients that take input from XIM Input servers. There are - several XIM servers available for different languages. - - + + Kernel and File Systems - - Printer Setup + The FreeBSD FFS filesystem is 8-bit clean so can be used with + any 8-bit wide character set, but there is no character set name + stored in the filesystem; i.e., it is raw 8-bit and does not know + anything about encoding order. FFS does not support any form of + 16-bit wide character sets yet. - 8-bit characters are usually hardware coded into printers. - 16-bit characters require special setup and we recommend using - apsfilter. - You may also convert the document to Postscript or - PDF formats using language specific converters. - - - - Kernel and File Systems - - FreeBSD FFS filesystem is 8-bit clean so can be used - with any 8-bit wide character set, but there is no character - set name stored in filesystem, i.e. it is raw 8-bit and not - knows anything about encoding order. FFS not support any - form of 16-bit wide character sets yet. - - - FreeBSD MSDOS filesystem have configurable - ability to proceed conversion between - MSDOS plus Unicode character sets and choosed - FreeBSD filesystem character set, see - &man.mount.msdos.8; for details. - + The FreeBSD MSDOS filesystem has the configurable ability to + convertbetween MSDOS plus Unicode character sets and choosen + FreeBSD filesystem character sets. See &man.mount.msdos.8; for + details. + @@ -652,24 +627,23 @@ options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 - Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Language + Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Languages Russian Language (KOI8-R encoding) Originally contributed by - &a.ache;. + &a.ache;. - See more info about KOI8-R encoding at For more information about KOI8-R encoding, see the KOI8-R References (Russian Net Character Set). Locale Setup - Put following lines into - your ~/.login_conf - file: + Put the following lines into your + ~/.login_conf file: me:My Account:\ @@ -684,20 +658,19 @@ me:My Account:\ Console Setup + + Add the following to your kernel configuration + file: - - Add + +options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 + - -options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03 + + Use following settings in + /etc/rc.conf: - to your kernel configuration file. - - - - Use following settings in - /etc/rc.conf: - + keymap="ru.koi8-r" keychange="61 ^[[K" scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866" @@ -705,23 +678,21 @@ font8x16="cp866b-8x16" font8x14="cp866-8x14" font8x8="cp866-8x8" - Note that ^[ here stands for real - Escape character \033 entered directly in - /etc/rc.conf, not for sequence of two - characters '^' and '['. - - - - For each ttyv* entry in - /etc/ttys use cons25r - as terminal type. - + Note that the ^[ here stands for a + real Escape character (\033) entered directly in + /etc/rc.conf, not for sequence of two + characters '^' and '['. + + + For each ttyv* entry in + /etc/ttys, use + cons25ras the terminal type. + See earlier in this chapter for examples of setting up the - console. - + console. @@ -805,9 +776,9 @@ FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi" To activate a Russian keyboard add a XkbKeymap "xfree86(ru)" line into the "Keyboard" - section in your /etc/XF86Config file. Also - make sure that XkbDisable is turned off - (commented out) there. + section in your /etc/XF86Config file. + Also make sure that XkbDisable is turned + off (commented out) there. The RUS/LAT switch will be CapsLock. The old CapsLock function is still @@ -824,8 +795,8 @@ FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi" NULL); function early in the program. See - KOI8-R for X-Window for more - instructions for localizing X11 applications. + KOI8-R for X-Window for more instructions on + localizing X11 applications.