Simplified Chinese Translation of the leap seconds article
Submitted by: Guangyuan (Charlie) Yang <cyang@freebsdfoundation.org> Reviewed by: delphij Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D11739
This commit is contained in:
Ruey-Cherng Yu
parent
1d182cc3af
commit
366e6251c0
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=50588
3 changed files with 319 additions and 0 deletions
19
zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile
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19
zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile
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@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
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#
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# $FreeBSD$
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#
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# Article: Leap Seconds
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DOC?= article
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FORMATS?= html
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WITH_ARTICLE_TOC?= YES
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INSTALL_COMPRESSED?= gz
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INSTALL_ONLY_COMPRESSED?=
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SRCS= article.xml
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URL_RELPREFIX?= ../../../..
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DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../..
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.include "${DOC_PREFIX}/share/mk/doc.project.mk"
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64
zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml
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64
zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml
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@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">
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<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="leapseconds" xml:lang="zh_CN">
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<info>
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<title>FreeBSD 对闰秒的支持</title>
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<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
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</info>
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<sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-definition">
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<title>介绍</title>
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<para><emphasis>闰秒</emphasis>是为了同步地球自转，而对原子钟标准时间所做的特定修正。本文描述了 FreeBSD 如何处理闰秒。</para>
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<para>截至本文完稿时，下一个闰秒将会发生在2015年6月30日23:59:60 UTC。这个闰秒将会发生在南北美洲和亚太地区的一个工作日里。</para>
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<para>闰秒是由 <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link> 在 <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16">Bulletin C</link> 上宣布的。</para>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3">RFC 7164</link> 描述了闰秒的标准行为。也可参见 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> 。</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-posix">
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<title>FreeBSD 对闰秒的默认处理方式</title>
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<para>处理闰秒最简单的方法是使用 FreeBSD 预设的 <acronym>POSIX</acronym> 时间规则, 以及 <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>。如果 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 正在运行，并且时间和正确处理闰秒的上游 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务器同步，闰秒将使系统时间自动重复当天的最后一秒。不需要进行其它调整。</para>
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<para>如果上游的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务器没有正确处理闰秒，<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 会在错误的上游服务器发现错误并修正后，跟着加上一秒。</para>
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<para>如果未使用 <acronym>NTP</acronym>，将需要在闰秒过后手动调整系统时钟。</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-cautions">
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<title>注意</title>
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<para>闰秒在全世界的同一瞬间插入：<acronym>UTC</acronym> 午夜。日本在上午，太平洋在正午，美洲在傍晚，而欧洲在晚上。</para>
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<para>我们相信并预期，如果提供了正确和稳定的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务，FreeBSD 会在闰秒时按设计运作，正如在之前遇到闰秒时一样。</para>
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<para>然而我们要警告，事实上没有应用程序会向内核询问关于闰秒的事。我们的经验是，闰秒正如设计的一样，本质上是闰秒前一秒的重播，这对大部分应用程序开发者来说是意想不到的事。</para>
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<para>其它操作系统和电脑可能会也可能不会像 FreeBSD 一样处理闰秒，没有正确和稳定 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务的系统一点也不知道闰秒的发生。</para>
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<para>电脑因为闰秒而崩溃并非闻所未闻，经验显示，大量的公共 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务器可能会错误处理和公告闰秒。</para>
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<para>请试着确认不会因为闰秒而发生任何可怕的事情。</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-testing">
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<title>测试</title>
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<para>测试是否将使用闰秒是可行的。由于 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 的性质，测试可能要运行到闰秒前24小时。有些主要的参考时钟来源只在闰秒事件前一小时公告。查询 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 守护进程：</para>
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<screen><prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'</userinput></screen>
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<para>包含 <literal>leap_add_sec</literal> 的输出表明了对于闰秒的正确支持。<literal>leap_none</literal> 会在闰秒前24小时或闰秒过后显示。</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-conclusion">
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<title>结论</title>
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<para>在实践中，FreeBSD 中的闰秒通常不是个问题。我们希望这篇文章能解释清楚这方面可能出现的状况，以及如何使闰秒事件进行得更顺利。</para>
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</sect1>
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</article>
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236
zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/zh_CN.po
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236
zh_CN.UTF-8/articles/leap-seconds/zh_CN.po
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@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
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# $FreeBSD$
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msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: \n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-27 01:48-0400\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-07-27 01:47-0400\n"
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"Last-Translator: \n"
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"Language-Team: \n"
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"Language: zh_CN\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.4\n"
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#. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2
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msgctxt "_"
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msgid "translator-credits"
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msgstr ""
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#. (itstool) path: info/title
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#: article.translate.xml:6
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msgid "FreeBSD Support for Leap Seconds"
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msgstr "FreeBSD 对闰秒的支持"
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#. (itstool) path: info/pubdate
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#: article.translate.xml:8
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msgid ""
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"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml 46895 "
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"2015-06-29 16:41:41Z wblock $"
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msgstr ""
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
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#: article.translate.xml:12
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msgid "Introduction"
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msgstr "介绍"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:14
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msgid ""
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"A <emphasis>leap second</emphasis> is an ad-hoc one-second correction to "
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"synchronize atomic timescales with Earth rotation. This article describes "
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"how FreeBSD interacts with leap seconds."
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msgstr ""
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"<emphasis>闰秒</emphasis>是为了同步地球自转，而对原子钟标准时间所做的特定修"
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"正。本文描述了 FreeBSD 如何处理闰秒。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:19
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msgid ""
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"As of this writing, the next leap second will occur at 2015-Jun-30 23:59:60 "
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"UTC. This leap second will occur during a business day for North and South "
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"America and the Asia/Pacific region."
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msgstr ""
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"截至本文完稿时，下一个闰秒将会发生在2015年6月30日23:59:60 UTC。这个闰秒将会发"
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"生在南北美洲和亚太地区的一个工作日里。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:24
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msgid ""
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"Leap seconds are announced by <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/"
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"\"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link> on <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter."
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"iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16\">Bulletin C</link>."
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msgstr ""
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"闰秒是由 <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/\"><acronym>IERS</"
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"acronym></link> 在 <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/"
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"bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16\">Bulletin C</link> 上宣布的。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:28
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msgid ""
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"Standard leap second behavior is described in <link xlink:href=\"https://"
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"tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3\">RFC 7164</link>. Also see "
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"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
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"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
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msgstr ""
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"<link xlink:href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3\">RFC 7164</"
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"link> 描述了闰秒的标准行为。也可参见 "
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"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
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"manvolnum></citerefentry> 。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
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#: article.translate.xml:33
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msgid "Default Leap Second Handling on FreeBSD"
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msgstr "FreeBSD 对闰秒的默认处理方式"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:35
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msgid ""
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"The easiest way to handle leap seconds is with the <acronym>POSIX</acronym> "
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"time rules FreeBSD uses by default, combined with <link xlink:href="
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"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"
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"\"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>. When <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</"
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"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is running and the "
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"time is synchronized with upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers that "
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"handle leap seconds correctly, the leap second will cause the system time to "
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"automatically repeat the last second of the day. No other adjustments are "
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"necessary."
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msgstr ""
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"处理闰秒最简单的方法是使用 FreeBSD 预设的 <acronym>POSIX</acronym> 时间规则, "
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"以及 <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
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"network-ntp.html\"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>。如果 "
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"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
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"citerefentry> 正在运行，并且时间和正确处理闰秒的上游 <acronym>NTP</acronym> "
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"服务器同步，闰秒将使系统时间自动重复当天的最后一秒。不需要进行其它调整。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:44
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msgid ""
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"If the upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers do not handle leap seconds "
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"correctly, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
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"manvolnum></citerefentry> will step the time by one second after the errant "
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"upstream server has noticed and stepped itself."
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msgstr ""
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"如果上游的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务器没有正确处理闰秒，"
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"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
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"citerefentry> 会在错误的上游服务器发现错误并修正后，跟着加上一秒。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:49
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msgid ""
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"If <acronym>NTP</acronym> is not being used, manual adjustment of the system "
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"clock will be required after the leap second has passed."
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msgstr "如果未使用 <acronym>NTP</acronym>，将需要在闰秒过后手动调整系统时钟。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
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#: article.translate.xml:55
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msgid "Cautions"
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msgstr "注意"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:57
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msgid ""
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"Leap seconds are inserted at the same instant all over the world: "
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"<acronym>UTC</acronym> midnight. In Japan that is mid-morning, in the "
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"Pacific mid-day, in the Americas late afternoon, and in Europe at night."
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msgstr ""
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"闰秒在全世界的同一瞬间插入：<acronym>UTC</acronym> 午夜。日本在上午，太平洋在"
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"正午，美洲在傍晚，而欧洲在晚上。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:62
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msgid ""
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"We believe and expect that FreeBSD, if provided correct and stable "
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"<acronym>NTP</acronym> service, will work as designed during this leap "
|
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"second, as it did during the previous ones."
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msgstr ""
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"我们相信并预期，如果提供了正确和稳定的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务，FreeBSD "
|
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"会在闰秒时按设计运作，正如在之前遇到闰秒时一样。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:67
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msgid ""
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"However, we caution that practically no applications have ever asked the "
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"kernel about leap seconds. Our experience is that, as designed, leap seconds "
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"are essentially a replay of the second before the leap second, and this is a "
|
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"surprise to most application programmers."
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msgstr ""
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"然而我们要警告，事实上没有应用程序会向内核询问关于闰秒的事。我们的经验是，闰"
|
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"秒正如设计的一样，本质上是闰秒前一秒的重播，这对大部分应用程序开发者来说是意"
|
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"想不到的事。"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:73
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msgid ""
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"Other operating systems and other computers may or may not handle the leap-"
|
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"second the same way as FreeBSD, and systems without correct and stable "
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"<acronym>NTP</acronym> service will not know anything about leap seconds at "
|
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"all."
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msgstr ""
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"其它操作系统和电脑可能会也可能不会像 FreeBSD 一样处理闰秒，没有正确和稳定 "
|
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"<acronym>NTP</acronym> 服务的系统一点也不知道闰秒的发生。"
|
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:78
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msgid ""
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"It is not unheard of for computers to crash because of leap seconds, and "
|
||||
"experience has shown that a large fraction of all public <acronym>NTP</"
|
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"acronym> servers might handle and announce the leap second incorrectly."
|
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msgstr ""
|
||||
"电脑因为闰秒而崩溃并非闻所未闻，经验显示，大量的公共 <acronym>NTP</acronym> "
|
||||
"服务器可能会错误处理和公告闰秒。"
|
||||
|
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
|
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#: article.translate.xml:83
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msgid ""
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"Please try to make sure nothing horrible happens because of the leap second."
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msgstr "请试着确认不会因为闰秒而发生任何可怕的事情。"
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|
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
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#: article.translate.xml:88
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msgid "Testing"
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msgstr "测试"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
|
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#: article.translate.xml:90
|
||||
msgid ""
|
||||
"It is possible to test whether a leap second will be used. Due to the nature "
|
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"of <acronym>NTP</acronym>, the test might work up to 24 hours before the "
|
||||
"leap second. Some major reference clock sources only announce leap seconds "
|
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"one hour ahead of the event. Query the <acronym>NTP</acronym> daemon:"
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msgstr ""
|
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"测试是否将使用闰秒是可行的。由于 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 的性质，测试可能要运"
|
||||
"行到闰秒前24小时。有些主要的参考时钟来源只在闰秒事件前一小时公告。查询 "
|
||||
"<acronym>NTP</acronym> 守护进程："
|
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
|
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#: article.translate.xml:96
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#, no-wrap
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msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'</userinput>"
|
||||
msgstr "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'</userinput>"
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
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#: article.translate.xml:98
|
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msgid ""
|
||||
"Output that includes <literal>leap_add_sec</literal> indicates proper "
|
||||
"support of the leap second. Before the 24 hours leading up to the leap "
|
||||
"second, or after the leap second has passed, <literal>leap_none</literal> "
|
||||
"will be shown."
|
||||
msgstr ""
|
||||
"包含 <literal>leap_add_sec</literal> 的输出表明了对于闰秒的正确支持。"
|
||||
"<literal>leap_none</literal> 会在闰秒前24小时或闰秒过后显示。"
|
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#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
|
||||
#: article.translate.xml:105
|
||||
msgid "Conclusion"
|
||||
msgstr "结论"
|
||||
|
||||
#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
|
||||
#: article.translate.xml:107
|
||||
msgid ""
|
||||
"In practice, leap seconds are usually not a problem on FreeBSD. We hope that "
|
||||
"this overview helps clarify what to expect and how to make the leap second "
|
||||
"event proceed more smoothly."
|
||||
msgstr ""
|
||||
"在实践中，FreeBSD 中的闰秒通常不是个问题。我们希望这篇文章能解释清楚这方面可"
|
||||
"能出现的状况，以及如何使闰秒事件进行得更顺利。"
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue