- Update developers-handbook/introduction to SVN#900 !
PR: docs/10811 Submitted by: chinsan.tw at gmail.com
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD$
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Original revision: 1.18
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-->
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<chapter id="introduction">
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</chapterinfo>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<title>簡介</title>
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<sect1 id="introduction-devel">
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<title>Developing on FreeBSD</title>
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<para>So here we are. System all installed and you are ready to
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start programming. But where to start? What does FreeBSD
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provide? What can it do for me, as a programmer?</para>
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<para>These are some questions which this chapter tries to answer.
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Of course, programming has different levels of proficiency like
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any other trade. For some it is a hobby, for others it is their
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profession. The information in this chapter might be aimed
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toward the beginning programmer; indeed, it could serve useful
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for the programmer unfamiliar with the &os; platform.</para>
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<title>在 FreeBSD 開發程式</title>
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<para>好了我們開始吧!我想你的 FreeBSD 已經安裝好了,而且已經準備好要用它寫點程式了吧?
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但是要從哪裡開始呢?&os; 有提供寫程式的程式或環境嗎?
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身為 programer 的我可以做什麼呢?</para>
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<para>本章試著回答你一些問題,當然,單就 programming 程度來說可分很多種層次,
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有的人只是單純當興趣,有的則是他的專業,
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本章主要內容是針對程式初學者,
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當然,對於那些不熟 &os; 的程式開發者而言,本文件內容也是十分實用的。</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="introduction-bsdvision">
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<title>The BSD Vision</title>
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<para>To produce the best &unix; like operating system package
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possible, with due respect to the original software tools
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ideology as well as usability, performance and
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stability.</para>
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<para>為了讓你寫出來的程式在 &unix; like系統上具有良好的使用性、效能和穩定性,
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我們必須跟你介紹一些程式概念(original software tools ideology)。 </para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="introduction-archguide">
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<title>Architectural Guidelines</title>
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<title>程式架構指南</title>
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<para>Our ideology can be described by the following
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guidelines</para>
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<para>我們想介紹的概念如下</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Do not add new functionality unless an
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implementor cannot complete a real application without
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it.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>在整個程式還沒寫完前,不要增加新的功能。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>It is as important to decide what a system is
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not as to decide what it is. Do not serve all the world's
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needs; rather, make the system extensible so that additional
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needs can be met in an upwardly compatible
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fashion.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>另外一個重點就是,讓你自己選擇你的程式將會具有何種功能,
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而不是讓別人決定,不想要去滿足全世界的需求,除非你想讓你的程式具有擴充性或相容性。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The only thing worse than generalizing from one
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example is generalizing from no examples at
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all. </para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>千萬記住:在沒有相關經驗時,參考範例程式碼所寫出來的程式,
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會比自己憑空寫出來的好。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>If a problem is not completely understood, it is
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probably best to provide no solution at all.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>當你寫的程式沒辦法完全解決問題時,最好的方法就是不要試著要去解決它。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>If you can get 90 percent of the desired effect
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for 10 percent of the work, use the simpler
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solution.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>若用 10% 的心力就能輕鬆完成 90% 的工作份量,就用這個簡單法子吧。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Isolate complexity as much as
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possible.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>盡可能地簡化問題的複雜。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Provide mechanism, rather than policy. In
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particular, place user interface policy in the client's
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hands.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>提供機制(mechanism),而非原則(policy)。
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比方說,把使用者介面選擇權交由使用者來決定。</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>From Scheifler & Gettys: "X Window System"</para>
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<para>以上摘自 Scheifler & Gettys 的 "X Window System" 論文</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="introduction-layout">
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<title>The Layout of
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<filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename></title>
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<title><filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename> 的架構</title>
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<para>The complete source code to FreeBSD is available from our
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public CVS repository. The source code is normally installed in
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<filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename> which contains the
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following subdirectories:</para>
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<para>
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完整的 FreeBSD 原始碼都在公開的 CVS repository 中。
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通常 FreeBSD 原始碼都會裝在 <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename>,
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而且包含下列子目錄:
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</para>
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<para>
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<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
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