Last pass through this chapter.
Rename Amanda to Third-Party Backup Utilities. Add some examples of utils. This section is light-weight and could probably use another paragraph or two. Rename Emergency Repair Procedure to Emergency Recovery. Tighten up this section and put the emphasis on the newer installation media option as opposed to the older livefs option. Make editorial note to close PR48101 in 06/15 when 8.4 is EOl'd. Sponsored by: iXsystems
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Dru Lavigne
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Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=43702
1 changed files with 51 additions and 126 deletions
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@ -1682,7 +1682,7 @@ cd0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present - tray c
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<para>When using <command>dump</command>, be aware that some quirks remain from its
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<para>When using <command>dump</command>, be aware that some quirks remain from its
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early days in Version 6 of AT&T &unix;,circa 1975. The
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early days in Version 6 of AT&T &unix;,circa 1975. The
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default parameters assume a backup to a 9-track tape, rather than
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default parameters assume a backup to a 9-track tape, rather than
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to another media or the high-density tapes available today.
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to another type of media or to the high-density tapes available today.
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These defaults must be overridden on the command line.</para>
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These defaults must be overridden on the command line.</para>
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<indexterm>
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<indexterm>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="backups-programs-amanda">
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<sect2 xml:id="backups-programs-amanda">
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<title><application>Amanda</application></title>
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<title>Third-Party Backup Utilities</title>
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<indexterm>
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<indexterm>
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<primary>backup software</primary>
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<primary>backup software</primary>
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<secondary><application>Amanda</application></secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm>
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<primary><application>Amanda</application></primary>
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</indexterm>
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</indexterm>
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<!-- Remove link until <port> tag is available -->
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<para>The &os; Ports Collection provides many third-party
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<para><application>Amanda</application> (Advanced Maryland
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utilities which can be used to schedule the creation of
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Network Disk Archiver) is a client/server backup system,
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backups. Many of these applications are client/server based
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rather than a single program. An
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and can be used to automate the backups of a single system or
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<application>Amanda</application> server will backup to a
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all of the computers in a network.</para>
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single tape drive any number of computers that have
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<application>Amanda</application> clients and a network
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<para>Popular utilities include
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connection to the <application>Amanda</application> server. A
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<application>Amanda</application>,
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common problem at sites with a number of large disks is that
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<application>Bacula</application>,
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the length of time required to backup to data directly to tape
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<application>rsync</application>, and
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exceeds the amount of time available for the task.
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<application>duplicity</application>.
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<application>Amanda</application> solves this problem by using
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</para>
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a <quote>holding disk</quote> to backup several file systems
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at the same time. <application>Amanda</application> creates
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<quote>archive sets</quote>: a group of tapes used over a
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period of time to create full backups of all the file systems
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listed in <application>Amanda</application>'s configuration
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file. The <quote>archive set</quote> also contains nightly
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incremental, or differential, backups of all the file systems.
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Restoring a damaged file system requires the most recent full
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backup and the incremental backups.</para>
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<para>The configuration file provides fine grained control of
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backups and the network traffic that
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<application>Amanda</application> generates.
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<application>Amanda</application> will use any of the above
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backup programs to write the data to tape.
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<application>Amanda</application> is not installed by
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but is available as either a port or package.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Emergency Restore Procedure</title>
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<title>Emergency Recovery</title>
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<sect3>
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<para>In addition to regular backups, it is recommended to
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<title>Before the Disaster</title>
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perform the following steps as part of an emergency
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preparedness plan.</para>
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<para>There are four steps which should be performed in
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preparation for any disaster that may occur.</para>
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<indexterm>
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<indexterm>
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<primary><command>bsdlabel</command></primary>
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<primary><command>bsdlabel</command></primary>
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</indexterm>
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</indexterm>
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<para>First, print the bsdlabel of each disk using a command
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<para>Create a print copy of the output of the following
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such as <command>bsdlabel da0 | lpr</command>. Also print a
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commands:</para>
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copy of <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and all boot
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messages.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><command>gpart show</command></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><command>more /etc/fstab</command></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><command>dmesg</command></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<indexterm><primary>livefs CD</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>livefs CD</primary></indexterm>
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<para>Second, burn a <quote>livefs</quote> CD. This CD
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<para>Store this printout and a copy of the installation media
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contains support for booting into a &os;
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in a secure location. Should an emergency restore be
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<quote>livefs</quote> rescue mode, allowing the user to
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needed, boot into the installation media and select
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perform many tasks like running &man.dump.8;,
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<literal>Live CD</literal> to access a rescue shell. This
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&man.restore.8;, &man.fdisk.8;, &man.bsdlabel.8;,
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rescue mode can be used to view the current state of the
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&man.newfs.8;, &man.mount.8;, and more. The livefs CD image
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system, and if needed, to reformat disks and restore data
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for &os;/&arch.i386; &rel2.current;-RELEASE is
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from backups.</para>
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available from <uri
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xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/&rel2.current;/&os;-&rel2.current;-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-livefs.iso">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/&rel2.current;/&os;-&rel2.current;-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-livefs.iso</uri>.</para>
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<note>
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<note>
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<para>Livefs CD images are not available for
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<para>The installation media
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&os; &rel.current;-RELEASE and later. In addition to
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for &os;/&arch.i386; &rel2.current;-RELEASE does not
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the CD-ROM installation images, flash drive installation
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include a rescue shell. For this version, instead
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images may be used to recover a system. The
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download and burn a Livefs CD image from <uri
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<quote>memstick</quote> image for
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xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/&rel2.current;/&os;-&rel2.current;-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-livefs.iso">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/&rel2.current;/&os;-&rel2.current;-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-livefs.iso</uri>.</para>
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&os;/&arch.i386; &rel.current;-RELEASE is available
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from <uri
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xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/&rel.current;/&os;-&rel.current;-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/&rel.current;/&os;-&rel.current;-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-memstick.img</uri>.</para>
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</note>
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</note>
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<para>Third, create backup tapes regularly. Any changes that
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<para>Next, test the rescue shell and the
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made after the last backup may be irretrievably lost.
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Write-protect the backup media.</para>
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<para>Fourth, test the <quote>livefs</quote> CD and the
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backups. Make notes of the procedure. Store these notes
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backups. Make notes of the procedure. Store these notes
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with the CD, the printouts, and the backups. These notes
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with the media, the printouts, and the backups. These notes
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may prevent the inadvertent destruction of the backups while
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may prevent the inadvertent destruction of the backups while
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under the stress of performing an emergency
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under the stress of performing an emergency
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recovery.</para>
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recovery.</para>
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<para>For an added measure of security, store an extra
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<para>For an added measure of security, store the latest backup at a
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<quote>livefs</quote> CD and the latest backup at a
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remote location which is
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remote location, where a remote location is
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physically separated from the
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<emphasis>not</emphasis> the basement of the same building.
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A remote location should be physically separated from the
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computers and disk drives by a significant distance.</para>
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computers and disk drives by a significant distance.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>After the Disaster</title>
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<para>First, determine if the hardware survived. Thanks
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to regular, off-site backups, there is no need to worry
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about the software.</para>
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<para>If the hardware has been damaged, the parts should be
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replaced before attempting to use the computer.</para>
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<para>If the hardware is okay, insert the
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<quote>livefs</quote> CD and boot the computer. The
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original install menu will be displayed on the screen.
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Select the correct country, then choose
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<guimenuitem>Fixit -- Repair mode with CD-ROM/DVD/floppy or
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start a shell.</guimenuitem> then select
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<guimenuitem>CD-ROM/DVD -- Use the live file system
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CD-ROM/DVD</guimenuitem>.
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<command>restore</command> and the other needed programs
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are located in <filename>/mnt2/rescue</filename>.</para>
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<para>Recover each file system separately.</para>
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<indexterm>
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<primary><command>mount</command></primary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>root partition</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm>
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<primary><command>bsdlabel</command></primary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm>
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<primary><command>newfs</command></primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>Try to <command>mount</command> the root partition
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of the first disk using <command>mount /dev/da0a
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/mnt</command>. If the bsdlabel was damaged, use
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<command>bsdlabel</command> to re-partition and label the
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disk to match the label that was printed and saved. Use
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<command>newfs</command> to re-create the file systems.
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Re-mount the root partition of the disk read-write using
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<command>mount -u -o rw /mnt</command>. Use the backups
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to recover the data for this file system. Unmount the file
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system with <command>umount /mnt</command>. Repeat for each
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file system that was damaged.</para>
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<para>Once the system is running, backup the data onto new
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media as whatever caused the crash or data loss may strike
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again. Another hour spent now may save further distress
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later.</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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</sect1>
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