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Add some missing <application></application> tags, fix up the bits about

Browse source 
vchans, and other various cleanups.

PR:		41021
Submitted by:	blackend, Munish Chopra <mchopra@engmail.uwaterloo.ca>
This commit is contained in:
Jim Mock 2002-07-28 01:52:03 +00:00
parent 18c9c8334e
commit 42bbaa31b6
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00 
svn path=/head/; revision=13718
1 changed files with 71 additions and 70 deletions

141
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml
View file

@ -38,12 +38,12 @@
landscape in this area is changing rapidly.</para>
<para>This chapter will describe the necessary steps to configure
your sound card. The configuration and installation of XFree86
your sound card. The configuration and installation of <application>XFree86</application>
(<xref linkend="x11">) has already taken care of the
hardware issues for your video card, though there may be some
tweaks to apply for better playback.</para>
<para>After reading this section, you will know:</para>
<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How video is supported by XFree86.</para>
<para>How video is supported by <application>XFree86</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -88,16 +88,16 @@
linkend="kernelconfig">).</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>For the video sections, it is assumed that XFree86 4.X
<para>For the video sections, it is assumed that <application>XFree86 4.X</application>
(<filename role='package'>x11/XFree86-4</filename>) has been
installed. XFree86 3.X may work, but it has not been tested
installed. <application>XFree86 3.X</application> may work, but it has not been tested
with what is described in this chapter. If you find that
something described here does work with XFree86 3.X please
something described here does work with <application>XFree86 3.X</application> please
let us know.</para>
<warning>
<para>Trying to mount an audio CD
or a video DVD with the <command>mount</command> command will
or a video DVD with the &man.mount.8; command will
result in an error, at least, and a <emphasis>kernel
panic</emphasis>, at worst. These media have specialized
encodings which differ from the usual ISO-filesystem.</para>
@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ pcm0: &lt;SB16 DSP 4.11&gt; on sbc0</screen>
<entry><errorname>xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!</errorname></entry>
<entry><para>Check with <command>fstat | grep dsp</command>
if another application is holding the device open.
Noteworthy troublemakers are esound and KDE's sound
Noteworthy troublemakers are <application>esound</application> and <application>KDE</application>'s sound
support.</para></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ pcm0: &lt;SB16 DSP 4.11&gt; on sbc0</screen>
<author>
<firstname>Munish</firstname>
<surname>Chopra</surname>
<contrib>Contributed by</contrib>
<contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect2info>
@ -473,21 +473,22 @@ pcm0: &lt;SB16 DSP 4.11&gt; on sbc0</screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; sysctl hw.snd.pcm0.vchans=4
&prompt.root; sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4</screen>
<para><literal>hw.snd.pcm0.vchans</literal> is the number of
vchans <devicename>pcm0</devicename> has, and is configurable
<para>The above example allocates four virtual channels, which is a
practical number for everyday use. <varname>hw.snd.pcm0.vchans</varname>
is the number of virtual channels <devicename>pcm0</devicename> has, and is configurable
once a device has been attached.
<literal>hw.snd.maxautovchans</literal> is the number of vchans
<literal>hw.snd.maxautovchans</literal> is the number of virtual channels
a new audio device is given when it is attached using
&man.kldload.8;. Since the <devicename>pcm</devicename> module
can be loaded independently of the hardware drivers,
<literal>hw.snd.maxautovchans</literal> can store how many
vchans any devices which are attached later will be
<varname>hw.snd.maxautovchans</varname> can store how many
virtual channels any devices which are attached later will be
given.</para>
<para>If you are not using &man.devfs.5;, you will have to point
your applications at <devicename>/dev/dsp0</devicename>.x, where
'x' is 0 to 3 if <literal>hw.snd.pcm.0.vchans</literal> is set
to 4. On a system using &man.devfs.5, the above will automatically be
your applications at <devicename>/dev/dsp0</devicename>.<replaceable>x</replaceable>, where
<replaceable>x</replaceable> is 0 to 3 if <varname>hw.snd.pcm.0.vchans</varname> is set
to 4 as in the above example. On a system using &man.devfs.5;, the above will automatically be
allocated to the user transparently.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@ -513,7 +514,7 @@ pcm0: &lt;SB16 DSP 4.11&gt; on sbc0</screen>
<sect2 id="mp3-players">
<title>MP3 Players</title>
<para>By far, the most popular XFree86 MP3 player is
<para>By far, the most popular <application>XFree86</application> MP3 player is
<application>XMMS</application> (X Multimedia System).
<application>Winamp</application>
skins can be used with <application>XMMS</application> since the
@ -732,10 +733,10 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo
it did with sound.</para>
<para>Before you begin, you should know the model of the video
card you have and the chip it uses. While XFree86 supports a
card you have and the chip it uses. While <application>XFree86</application> supports a
wide variety of video cards, fewer give good playback
performance. To obtain a list of extensions supported by the
X-server using your card use the command &man.xdpyinfo.1; while
X server using your card use the command &man.xdpyinfo.1; while
X11 is running.</para>
<para>It is a good idea to have a short MPEG file which can be
@ -748,7 +749,7 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo
<screen>&prompt.root; ln -sf /dev/acd0c /dev/dvd
&prompt.root; ln -sf /dev/racd0c /dev/rdvd</screen>
<para>On FreeBSD-5.X, which uses <filename>devfs</filename> there
<para>On FreeBSD 5.X, which uses &man.devfs.5; there
is a slightly different set of recommended links:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; ln -sf /dev/acd0c /dev/dvd
@ -760,7 +761,7 @@ MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo
<para>Some of the ports discussed rely on the following kernel
options to build correctly. Before attempting to build, add
these options to the kernel and reboot:</para>
these options to the kernel configuration file, build a new kernel, and reboot:</para>
<programlisting>option CPU_ENABLE_SSE
option USER_LDT</programlisting>
@ -775,7 +776,7 @@ kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting>
<sect2 id="video-interface">
<title>Determining Video capabilities</title>
<indexterm><primary>Xvideo</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>XVideo</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>SDL</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>DGA</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
@ -792,33 +793,33 @@ kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting>
method described below will have varying quality across
different hardware. Secondly, the rendering of video in X11 is
a topic receiving a lot of attention lately, and with each
version of XFree86 there may be significant improvement.</para>
version of <application>XFree86</application> there may be significant improvement.</para>
<para>A list of common video interfaces:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>X11: normal X11 output using shared memory</para>
<para>X11: normal X11 output using shared memory.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>XVideo: an extension to the X11
interface which supports video in any X11 drawable.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>SDL: the Simple Directmedia Layer</para>
<para>SDL: the Simple Directmedia Layer.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>DGA: the Direct Graphics Access</para>
<para>DGA: the Direct Graphics Access.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>SVGAlib: low level console graphics layer</para>
<para>SVGAlib: low level console graphics layer.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<sect3 id="video-interface-xvideo">
<title>XVideo</title>
<para>XFree86 4.X has an extension called
<para><application>XFree86 4.X</application> has an extension called
<emphasis>XVideo</emphasis> (aka Xvideo, aka Xv, aka xv) which
allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects
through a special acceleration. This extension provides very
@ -840,12 +841,12 @@ kern.ipc.shmall=32768</programlisting>
</orderedlist>
<para>If your card is not one of these, do not be disappointed yet.
XFree86 4.X adds new xv capabilities with each release
<application>XFree86 4.X</application> adds new xv capabilities with each release
<footnote>
<para>A popular familiar graphics card with generally very good
XFree86 performance, nVidia, has yet to release the specifications
on their XVideo support to the XFree86 team. It may be some time
before XFree86 fully support XVideo for these cards.</para>
<application>XFree86</application> performance, nVidia, has yet to release the specifications
on their XVideo support to the <application>XFree86</application> team. It may be some time
before <application>XFree86</application> fully support XVideo for these cards.</para>
</footnote>.
To check whether the extension is running,
use <command>xvinfo</command>:</para>
@ -923,7 +924,7 @@ screen #0
red, green, blue masks: 0x0, 0x0, 0x0</screen>
<para>Also note that the formats listed (YUV2, YUV12, etc) are not
present with every implementation of Xvideo and their absense may
present with every implementation of XVideo and their absense may
hinder some players.</para>
<para>If the result looks like:</para>
@ -960,11 +961,11 @@ no adaptors present</screen>
<sect3 id="video-interface-DGA">
<title>Direct Graphics Access</title>
<para>Direct Graphics Access is an XFree86 extension which allows
a program to bypass the X-server and directly alter the
<para>Direct Graphics Access is an <application>XFree86</application> extension which allows
a program to bypass the X server and directly alter the
framebuffer. Because it relies on a low level memory mapping to
effect this sharing, programs using it must must be run as
<username>root</username></para>
<username>root</username>.</para>
<para>The DGA extension can be tested and benchmarked by
&man.dga.1;. When <command>dga</command> is running, it
@ -1071,8 +1072,8 @@ no adaptors present</screen>
<sect3 id="video-mplayer">
<title>MPlayer</title>
<para>MPlayer is a recently developed and rapidly developing
video player. The goals of the MPlayer team are speed and
<para><application>MPlayer</application> is a recently developed and rapidly developing
video player. The goals of the <application>MPlayer</application> team are speed and
flexibility on Linux and other Unices. The project was
started when the team founder got fed up with bad playback
performance on then available players. Some would say that
@ -1082,11 +1083,11 @@ no adaptors present</screen>
<sect4 id="video-mplayer-building">
<title>Building MPlayer</title>
<indexterm><primary>mplayer</primary>
<indexterm><primary>MPlayer</primary>
<secondary>making</secondary></indexterm>
<para>MPlayer resides in <filename
role="package">graphics/mplayer</filename>. MPlayer
<para><application>MPlayer</application> resides in <filename
role="package">graphics/mplayer</filename>. <application>MPlayer</application>
performs a variety of hardware checks during the build
process, resulting in a binary which will not be portable
from one system to another. Thus it is important to build
@ -1110,7 +1111,7 @@ You can enable XAnim DLL support by defining WITH_XANIM.
role="package">x11-toolkits/gtk12</filename> installed, then
you might as well enable the GUI. Otherwise, it is not
worth the effort. If you intend to play (possibly CSS
encoded) DVD's with MPlayer you must enable the DVD support
encoded) DVD's with <application>MPlayer</application> you must enable the DVD support
option here <footnote><para>Unauthorized DVD playback is a
serious criminal act in some countries. Check local laws
before enabling this option.</para> </footnote>. Some
@ -1118,7 +1119,7 @@ You can enable XAnim DLL support by defining WITH_XANIM.
<screen>&prompt.root; make WITH_DVD=yes WITH_SVGALIB=yes</screen>
<para>As of this writing, the MPlayer port will build its HTML
<para>As of this writing, the <application>MPlayer</application> port will build its HTML
documentation and one executable,
<command>mplayer</command>. It can also be made to build an
encoder, <command>mencoder</command>, which is a tool for
@ -1126,22 +1127,22 @@ You can enable XAnim DLL support by defining WITH_XANIM.
<filename>Makefile</filename> can enable it. It may be
enabled by default in subsequent versions of the port.</para>
<para>The HTML documentation to MPlayer is very informative.
<para>The HTML documentation to <application>MPlayer</application> is very informative.
If the reader finds the information on video hardware and
interfaces in the chapter lacking, the MPlayer documentation
interfaces in the chapter lacking, the <application>MPlayer</application> documentation
is a very thorough alternative. You should definitely take
the time to read the documentation of
<application>MPlayer</application>, if you are looking for
information about video support in UNIX.</para>
information about video support in Unix.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4 id="video-mplayer-using">
<title>Using mplayer</title>
<indexterm><primary>mplayer</primary>
<title>Using MPlayer</title>
<indexterm><primary>MPlayer</primary>
<secondary>use</secondary></indexterm>
<para>Any user of mplayer must set up a
<para>Any user of <application>MPlayer</application> must set up a
<filename>.mplayer</filename> subdirectory directory of her
home directory. To create this necessary subdirectory,
you can do the following:</para>
@ -1173,7 +1174,7 @@ You can enable XAnim DLL support by defining WITH_XANIM.
<replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable></option> where &lt;N&gt; is
the title number to play and
<filename><replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable></filename> is the
device file for the DVD-ROM. For example, to play title 3
device node for the DVD-ROM. For example, to play title 3
from <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; mplayer -vo dga -dvd 2 /dev/dvd</screen>
@ -1195,7 +1196,7 @@ fs=yes
zoom=yes</programlisting>
<para>Finally, <command>mplayer</command> can be used to rip a
DVD title into a .vob file. To dump out title 2 from a DVD:</para>
DVD title into a <filename>.vob</filename> file. To dump out title 2 from a DVD:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob -dvd 2 /dev/dvd</screen>
@ -1237,7 +1238,7 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting>
-ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq -o output.avi</screen>
<para>This has produced output playable by <command>mplayer</command>
and <command>Xine</command>.</para>
and <command>xine</command>.</para>
<para><filename>input.avi</filename> can be replaced with
<option>-dvd 1 /dev/dvd</option> and run as
@ -1249,33 +1250,33 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="video-xine">
<title>Xine</title>
<title>The xine Video Player</title>
<para>Xine is a project of wide scope aiming not only at being an
<para>The <application>xine</application> video player is a project of wide scope aiming not only at being an
all in one video solution, but also in producing a reusable base
library and a modular executable which can be extended with
plugins. It comes both as a package and as a port, <filename
role="package">graphics/xine</filename>.</para>
<para>The good news is that the above is pretty much true. Xine
<para>The good news is that the above is pretty much true. The <application>xine</application> player
is still very rough around the edges, but it is clearly off to a
good start. In practice, Xine requires either a fast CPU with a
good start. In practice, <application>xine</application> requires either a fast CPU with a
fast video card, or support for the XVideo extension. The GUI is
usable, but a bit clumsy.</para>
<para>As of this writing, there is no input module shipped with
Xine which will play CSS encoded DVD's. There are third party
<application>xine</application> which will play CSS encoded DVD's. There are third party
builds which do have modules for this built in them, but none
of these are in the FreeBSD Ports Collection.</para>
<para>Compared to MPlayer, Xine does more for the user, but at the
<para>Compared to <application>MPlayer</application>, <application>xine</application> does more for the user, but at the
same time, takes some of the more fine-grained control away from
the user. Xine also may perform much worse on the non-XVideo
interfaces and has very few good alternatives to it. The Xine
the user. The <application>xine</application> video player also may perform much worse on the non-XVideo
interfaces and has very few good alternatives to it. The <application>xine</application>
FAQ highly recommends that you have a video card which supports
it.</para>
<para>Xine can be started by itself:</para>
<para>The <application>xine</application> player can be started by itself:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; xine</screen>
@ -1288,15 +1289,15 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="video-ports-transcode">
<title>Transcode</title>
<title>The transcode utilities</title>
<para>Transcode is not a player, but a suite of tools for
<para>The software <application>transcode</application> is not a player, but a suite of tools for
re-encoding <filename>.avi</filename> and <filename>.mpg</filename> files. With Transcode, one has the
ability to merge video files, repair broken files, using command
line tools with <filename>stdin/stdout</filename> stream
interfaces.</para>
<para>Like MPlayer, Transcode is very experimental software which
<para>Like <application>MPlayer</application>, <application>transcode</application> is very experimental software which
must be build from the port <filename
role="package">graphics/transcode</filename>. Using a great
many options to the <command>make</command> command. I
@ -1332,7 +1333,7 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting>
significantly slower than <command>mencoder</command>, but it
has a better chance of producing a more widely playable file. I
can play <command>transcode</command> MPEGs on older copies of
Windows Media Player and Apple's Quicktime, for example.</para>
<application>Windows Media Player</application> and Apple's <application>Quicktime</application>, for example.</para>
</sect3>
@ -1358,12 +1359,12 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting>
is very technically informative.
These documents should probably be consulted by anyone wishing
to obtain a high level of expertise with Unix video. The
MPlayer mailing list is hostile to anyone who has not bothered
<application>MPlayer</application> mailing list is hostile to anyone who has not bothered
to read the documentation, so if you plan on making bug reports
to them, RTFM.</para>
<para>The
<ulink url="http://dvd.sourceforge.net/xine-howto/en_GB/html/howto.html"> Xine HOWTO</ulink>
<ulink url="http://dvd.sourceforge.net/xine-howto/en_GB/html/howto.html"> xine HOWTO</ulink>
contains a chapter on performance improvement
which is general to all players.</para>
@ -1374,7 +1375,7 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting>
<listitem>
<para><ulink
url="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/">AVIFile</ulink> which
url="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/">Avifile</ulink> which
is also a port <filename
role='package'>graphics/avifile</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
@ -1387,7 +1388,7 @@ zoom=yes</programlisting>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://xtheater.sourceforge.net/">XTheater</ulink></para>
<para><ulink url="http://xtheater.sourceforge.net/">Xtheater</ulink></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>