Update the synopsis. Add information about the 'meta' information associated

with a Unix account (user name, password, GID, etc).

Spell Neil's name correctly.
This commit is contained in:
Nik Clayton 2001-08-01 23:34:44 +00:00
parent aec10572d4
commit 4314de4d49
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=10128

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<!--
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml,v 1.19 2001/07/23 22:51:33 chern Exp $
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml,v 1.20 2001/07/30 17:18:54 murray Exp $
-->
<chapter id="users">
<chapterinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Neils</firstname>
<firstname>Neil</firstname>
<surname>Blakey-Milner</surname>
<contrib>Contributed</contrib>
</author>
@ -21,11 +21,189 @@
<sect1 id="users-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title>
<para>FreeBSD allows multiple users to use the computer at the same time.
Obviously, only one of those users can be sat in front of the screen and
keyboard at any one time, but any number of users can log in through the
network to get their work done. To use the system every user must have
an account.</para>
<para>After reading this chapter you will know:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The differences between the various user accounts on a FreeBSD
system</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to add user accounts</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to remove user accounts</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to change account details, such as the user's full name, or
preferred shell</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to set limits on a per-account basis, to control the
resources such as memory and CPU time that accounts and groups of
accounts are allowed to access</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to use groups to make account management easier</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Before reading this chapter you should have read the
following:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Unix Basics (<xref linkend="basics">)</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="users-introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>All access to the system is achieved via accounts, and all
processes are run by users, so user and account management are
of integral importance on FreeBSD systems.</para>
<para>Every account on a FreeBSD system has certain information associated
with it to identify the account.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>User name</term>
<listitem>
<para>The user name as it would be typed at the
<prompt>login:</prompt> prompt. User names must be unique across
the computer; you may not have two users with the same
user name. There are a number of rules for creating valid user
names, documented in &man.passwd.5;; you would typically use user
names that consist of eight or fewer all lower case
characters.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Password</term>
<listitem>
<para>Each account has a password associated with it. The password
may be blank, in which case no password will be required to access
the system. This is normally a very bad idea; every account
should have a password.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>User ID (UID)</term>
<listitem>
<para>The UID is a number from 0 to 65536 used to uniquely identify
the user to the system. Internally FreeBSD uses the UID to
identify users&mdash;any FreeBSD commands that allow you to
specify a user name will convert it to the UID before working with
it. This means that you can have several accounts with different
user names but the same UID. As far as FreeBSD is concerned these
accounts are one user. It is unlikely you will ever need to do
this.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Group ID (GID)</term>
<listitem>
<para>The GID is a number from 0 to 65536 used to uniquely identify
the primary group that the user belongs to. Groups are a
mechanism for controlling access to resources based on a user's
GID rather than their UID. This can significantly reduce the size
of some configuration files. A user may also be in more than one
group.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Login class</term>
<listitem>
<para>Login classes are an extension to the group mechanism that
provide additional flexibility when tailoring the system to
different users.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Password change time</term>
<listitem>
<para>By default FreeBSD does not force users to change their
passwords periodically. You can enforce this on a per-user basis,
forcing some or all of your users to change their passwords after
a certain amount of time has elapsed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Account expiry time</term>
<listitem>
<para>By default FreeBSD does not expire accounts. If you are
creating accounts that you know have a limited lifespan, for
example, in a school where you have accounts for the students,
then you can specify when the account expires. After the expiry
time has elapsed the account can not be used to log in to the
system, although the account's directories and files will
remain.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>User's full name</term>
<listitem>
<para>The user name uniquely identifies the account to FreeBSD, but
does not necessarily reflect the user's real name. This
information can be associated with the account.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Home directory</term>
<listitem>
<para>The home directory is the full path to a directory on the
system in which the user will start when logging on to the
system. A common convention is to put all user home directories
under
<filename>/home/<replaceable>username</replaceable></filename>.
The user would store their personal files in their home directory,
and any directories they may create in there.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>User shell</term>
<listitem>
<para>The shell provides the default environment users use to
interact with the system. There are many different kinds of
shells, and experienced users will have their own preferences,
which can be reflected in their account settings.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>There are three main types of accounts; the <link
linkend="users-superuser">Superuser</link>, <link
linkend="users-system">system users</link>, and <link