Update the synopsis. Add information about the 'meta' information associated
with a Unix account (user name, password, GID, etc). Spell Neil's name correctly.
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@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
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<!--
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml,v 1.19 2001/07/23 22:51:33 chern Exp $
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml,v 1.20 2001/07/30 17:18:54 murray Exp $
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-->
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<chapter id="users">
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<chapterinfo>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Neils</firstname>
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<firstname>Neil</firstname>
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<surname>Blakey-Milner</surname>
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<contrib>Contributed</contrib>
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</author>
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@ -21,11 +21,189 @@
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<sect1 id="users-synopsis">
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<title>Synopsis</title>
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<para>FreeBSD allows multiple users to use the computer at the same time.
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Obviously, only one of those users can be sat in front of the screen and
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keyboard at any one time, but any number of users can log in through the
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network to get their work done. To use the system every user must have
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an account.</para>
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<para>After reading this chapter you will know:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The differences between the various user accounts on a FreeBSD
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system</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to add user accounts</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to remove user accounts</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to change account details, such as the user's full name, or
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preferred shell</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to set limits on a per-account basis, to control the
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resources such as memory and CPU time that accounts and groups of
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accounts are allowed to access</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to use groups to make account management easier</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Before reading this chapter you should have read the
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following:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Unix Basics (<xref linkend="basics">)</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="users-introduction">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>All access to the system is achieved via accounts, and all
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processes are run by users, so user and account management are
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of integral importance on FreeBSD systems.</para>
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<para>Every account on a FreeBSD system has certain information associated
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with it to identify the account.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>User name</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The user name as it would be typed at the
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<prompt>login:</prompt> prompt. User names must be unique across
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the computer; you may not have two users with the same
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user name. There are a number of rules for creating valid user
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names, documented in &man.passwd.5;; you would typically use user
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names that consist of eight or fewer all lower case
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characters.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Password</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Each account has a password associated with it. The password
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may be blank, in which case no password will be required to access
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the system. This is normally a very bad idea; every account
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should have a password.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>User ID (UID)</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The UID is a number from 0 to 65536 used to uniquely identify
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the user to the system. Internally FreeBSD uses the UID to
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identify users—any FreeBSD commands that allow you to
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specify a user name will convert it to the UID before working with
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it. This means that you can have several accounts with different
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user names but the same UID. As far as FreeBSD is concerned these
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accounts are one user. It is unlikely you will ever need to do
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this.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Group ID (GID)</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The GID is a number from 0 to 65536 used to uniquely identify
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the primary group that the user belongs to. Groups are a
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mechanism for controlling access to resources based on a user's
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GID rather than their UID. This can significantly reduce the size
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of some configuration files. A user may also be in more than one
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group.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Login class</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Login classes are an extension to the group mechanism that
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provide additional flexibility when tailoring the system to
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different users.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Password change time</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>By default FreeBSD does not force users to change their
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passwords periodically. You can enforce this on a per-user basis,
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forcing some or all of your users to change their passwords after
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a certain amount of time has elapsed.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Account expiry time</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>By default FreeBSD does not expire accounts. If you are
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creating accounts that you know have a limited lifespan, for
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example, in a school where you have accounts for the students,
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then you can specify when the account expires. After the expiry
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time has elapsed the account can not be used to log in to the
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system, although the account's directories and files will
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remain.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>User's full name</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The user name uniquely identifies the account to FreeBSD, but
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does not necessarily reflect the user's real name. This
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information can be associated with the account.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Home directory</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The home directory is the full path to a directory on the
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system in which the user will start when logging on to the
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system. A common convention is to put all user home directories
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under
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<filename>/home/<replaceable>username</replaceable></filename>.
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The user would store their personal files in their home directory,
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and any directories they may create in there.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>User shell</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The shell provides the default environment users use to
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interact with the system. There are many different kinds of
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shells, and experienced users will have their own preferences,
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which can be reflected in their account settings.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>There are three main types of accounts; the <link
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linkend="users-superuser">Superuser</link>, <link
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linkend="users-system">system users</link>, and <link
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