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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE Errata</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR"
content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 " />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"
link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD
4.8-RELEASE Errata</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002,
2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD:
src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/errata/article.sgml,v
1.1.2.98 2003/03/21 23:59:38 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT">
<a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>This document lists errata items for FreeBSD
4.8-RELEASE, containing significant information
discovered after the release. This information includes
security advisories, as well as news relating to the
software or documentation that could affect its operation
or usability. An up-to-date version of this document
should always be consulted before installing this version
of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This errata document for FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE will be
maintained until the release of FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN15" name="AEN15">1
Introduction</a></h1>
<p>This errata document contains ``late-breaking news''
about FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE. Before installing this version,
it is important to consult this document to learn about any
post-release discoveries or problems that may already have
been found and fixed.</p>
<p>Any version of this errata document actually distributed
with the release (for example, on a CDROM distribution)
will be out of date by definition, but other copies are
kept updated on the Internet and should be consulted as the
``current errata'' for this release. These other copies of
the errata are located at <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a>, plus
any sites which keep up-to-date mirrors of this
location.</p>
<p>Source and binary snapshots of FreeBSD 4-STABLE also
contain up-to-date copies of this document (as of the time
of the snapshot).</p>
<p>For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/</a> or <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN26" name="AEN26">2 Security
Advisories</a></h1>
<p>No active security advisories.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN29" name="AEN29">3
Late-Breaking News</a></h1>
<p>No news.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related
documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a>
before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 4-STABLE
should subscribe to the &#60;<a
href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;
mailing list.</small></small></p>
<p align="center">For questions about this documentation,
e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</p>
<br />
<br />
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" [
<!ENTITY base CDATA "../..">
<!ENTITY date "$FreeBSD$">
<!ENTITY title "FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE Hardware Notes">
<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "../../includes.sgml"> %includes;
]>
<html>
&header;
<p>The hardware notes for FreeBSD are customized for different
platforms, as some of the changes made to FreeBSD apply only to
specific processor architectures.</p>
<p>Hardware notes for FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE are available for the following
platforms:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="hardware-i386.html">i386</a></li>
<li><a href="hardware-alpha.html">Alpha</a></li>
</ul>
<p>A list of all platforms currently under development can be found
on the <a href="../../platforms/index.html">Supported
Platforms</a> page.</p>
</html>

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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE README</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR"
content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.73 " />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"
link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD
4.8-RELEASE README</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002,
2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD:
src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/readme/article.sgml,v
1.1.2.16 2003/01/06 22:09:00 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT">
<a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD
4.8-RELEASE. It includes some information on how to
obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the
FreeBSD Project, and pointers to some other sources of
information.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN14" name="AEN14">1
Introduction</a></h1>
<p>This distribution is a release of FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE,
the latest point along the 4-STABLE branch.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN17" name="AEN17">1.1 About
FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite
for Intel, AMD, Cyrix or NexGen ``x86'' based PC hardware
and Compaq (formerly DEC) Alpha computers. Versions for
the IA64, PowerPC, and Sparc64 architectures are
currently under development as well. FreeBSD works with a
wide variety of peripherals and configurations and can be
used for everything from software development to games to
Internet Service Provision.</p>
<p>This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need
to run such a system, including full source code for the
kernel and all utilities in the base distribution. With
the source distribution installed, you can literally
recompile the entire system from scratch with one
command, making it ideal for students, researchers, or
users who simply want to see how it all works.</p>
<p>A large collection of third-party ported software (the
``Ports Collection'') is also provided to make it easy to
obtain and install all your favorite traditional UNIX
utilities for FreeBSD. Each ``port'' consists of a set of
scripts to retrieve, configure, build, and install a
piece of software, with a single command. Over 8,300
ports, from editors to programming languages to graphical
applications, make FreeBSD a powerful and comprehensive
operating environment that extends far beyond what's
provided by many commercial versions of UNIX. Most ports
are also available as pre-compiled ``packages'', which
can be quickly installed from the installation
program.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN26" name="AEN26">1.2 Target
Audience</a></h2>
<p>This release of FreeBSD is suitable for all users. It
has undergone a period of testing and quality assurance
checking to ensure the highest reliability and
dependability.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN29" name="AEN29">2 Obtaining
FreeBSD</a></h1>
<p>FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This
section focuses on those ways that are primarily useful for
obtaining a complete FreeBSD distribution, rather than
updating an existing installation.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN32" name="AEN32">2.1 CDROM
and DVD</a></h2>
<p>FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM
or DVD from several publishers. This is frequently the
most convenient way to obtain FreeBSD for new
installations, as it provides a convenient way to quickly
reinstall the system if necessary. Some distributions
include some of the optional, precompiled ``packages''
from the FreeBSD Ports Collection.</p>
<p>A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the
project are listed in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD''</a> appendix to the
Handbook.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN39" name="AEN39">2.2
FTP</a></h2>
<p>You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of
its optional packages from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>, which is the
official FreeBSD release site, or any of its
``mirrors''.</p>
<p>Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
target="_top">FTP Sites</a> section of the Handbook, or
on the <a href="http://www.freebsdmirrors.org/"
target="_top">http://www.freebsdmirrors.org/</a> Web
pages. Finding a close (in networking terms) mirror from
which to download the distribution is highly
recommended.</p>
<p>Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact
<tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>
for more details on becoming an official mirror site.</p>
<p>Mirrors generally contain the floppy disk images
necessary to begin an installation, as well as the
distribution files needed for the install process itself.
Many mirrors also contain the ISO images necessary to
create a CDROM of a FreeBSD release.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="CONTACTING" name="CONTACTING">3
Contacting the FreeBSD Project</a></h1>
<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN52" name="AEN52">3.1 Email
and Mailing Lists</a></h2>
<p>For any questions or general technical support issues,
please send mail to the FreeBSD general questions mailing
list <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>.</p>
<p>If you are tracking the -STABLE development efforts,
you <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> join the FreeBSD-STABLE
mailing list <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>,
in order to keep abreast of recent developments and
changes that may affect the way you use and maintain the
system.</p>
<p>Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD Project
is always happy to have extra hands willing to
help--there are already far more desired enhancements
than there is time to implement them. To contact the
developers on technical matters, or with offers of help,
please send mail to the FreeBSD technical discussions
mailing list <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>.</p>
<p>Please note that these mailing lists can experience
<span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">significant</i></span> amounts of
traffic. If you have slow or expensive mail access, or
are only interested in keeping up with major FreeBSD
events, you may find it preferable to subscribe instead
to the FreeBSD announcements mailing list <tt
class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-announce@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>.</p>
<p>All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by
anyone wishing to do so. Send mail to <tt
class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:majordomo@FreeBSD.org">majordomo@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>
and include the keyword <tt class="LITERAL">help</tt> on
a line by itself somewhere in the body of the message.
This will give you more information on joining the
various lists, accessing archives, etc. There are a
number of mailing lists targeted at special interest
groups not mentioned here; more information can be
obtained either through majordomo or the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#mailing-list"
target="_top">mailing lists section</a> of the FreeBSD
Web site.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Do <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> send email to the
lists asking to be subscribed. Use the <tt
class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:majordomo@FreeBSD.org">majordomo@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>
address instead.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN72" name="AEN72">3.2
Submitting Problem Reports</a></h2>
<p>Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are
always valued--please do not hesitate to report any
problems you may find. Bug reports with attached fixes
are of course even more welcome.</p>
<p>The preferred method to submit bug reports from a
machine with Internet mail connectivity is to use the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>
command or use the Web form at <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/send-pr.html</a>.
``Problem Reports'' (PRs) submitted in this way will be
filed and their progress tracked; the FreeBSD developers
will do their best to respond to all reported bugs as
soon as possible. <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi"
target="_top">A list of all active PRs</a> is available
on the FreeBSD Web site; this list is useful to see what
potential problems other users have encountered.</p>
<p>Note that <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> itself
is a shell script that should be easy to move even onto a
non-FreeBSD system. Using this interface is highly
preferred. If, for some reason, you are unable to use <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> to
submit a bug report, you can try to send it to the
FreeBSD problem reports mailing list <tt
class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:freebsd-bugs@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-bugs@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt>.</p>
<p>For more information, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/"
target="_top">``Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports''</a>,
available on the FreeBSD Web site, has a number of
helpful hints on writing and submitting effective problem
reports.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN93" name="AEN93">4 Further
Reading</a></h1>
<p>There are many sources of information about FreeBSD;
some are included with this distribution, while others are
available on-line or in print versions.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="RELEASE-DOCS"
name="RELEASE-DOCS">4.1 Release Documentation</a></h2>
<p>A number of other files provide more specific
information about this release distribution. These files
are provided in various formats. Most distributions will
include both ASCII text (<tt class="FILENAME">.TXT</tt>)
and HTML (<tt class="FILENAME">.HTM</tt>) renditions.
Some distributions may also include other formats such as
PostScript (<tt class="FILENAME">.PS</tt>) or Portable
Document Format (<tt class="FILENAME">.PDF</tt>).</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>: This file,
which gives some general information about FreeBSD as
well as some cursory notes about obtaining a
distribution.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>: The
release notes, showing what's new and different in
FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE compared to the previous release
(FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>: The
hardware compatability list, showing devices with
which FreeBSD has been tested and is known to
work.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>:
Installation instructions for installing FreeBSD from
its distribution media.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt>: Release
errata. Late-breaking, post-release information can
be found in this file, which is principally
applicable to releases (as opposed to snapshots). It
is important to consult this file before installing a
release of FreeBSD, as it contains the latest
information on problems which have been found and
fixed since the release was created.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Several of these documents (in
particular, <tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>,
<tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>, and <tt
class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>) contain
information that is specific to a particular hardware
architecture. For example, the alpha release notes
contain information not applicable to the i386, and
vice versa. The architecture for which each document
applies will be listed in that document's title.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>These documents are generally available via the
Documentation menu during installation. Once the system
is installed, you can revisit this menu by running the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
utility.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> It is extremely important to read the
errata for any given release before installing it, to
learn about any ``late-breaking news'' or
post-release problems. The errata file accompanying
each release (most likely right next to this file) is
already out of date by definition, but other copies
are kept updated on the Internet and should be
consulted as the ``current errata'' for this release.
These other copies of the errata are located at <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a>
(as well as any sites which keep up-to-date mirrors
of this location).</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN133" name="AEN133">4.2 Manual
Pages</a></h2>
<p>As with almost all UNIX-like operating systems,
FreeBSD comes with a set of on-line manual pages,
accessed through the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> command or
through the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi"
target="_top">hypertext manual pages gateway</a> on the
FreeBSD Web site. In general, the manual pages provide
information on the different commands and APIs available
to the FreeBSD user.</p>
<p>In some cases, manual pages are written to give
information on particular topics. Notable examples of
such manual pages are <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">tuning</span>(7)</span></a> (a
guide to performance tuning), <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">security</span>(7)</span></a> (an
introduction to FreeBSD security), and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">style</span>(9)</span></a> (a style
guide to kernel coding).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN150" name="AEN150">4.3 Books
and Articles</a></h2>
<p>Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related
information, maintained by the FreeBSD Project, are the
FreeBSD Handbook and FreeBSD FAQ (Frequently Asked
Questions document). On-line versions of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">Handbook</a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/"
target="_top">FAQ</a> are always available from the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html"
target="_top">FreeBSD Documentation page</a> or its
mirrors. If you install the <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>
distribution set, you can use a Web browser to read the
Handbook and FAQ locally.</p>
<p>A number of on-line books and articles, also
maintained by the FreeBSD Project, cover
more-specialized, FreeBSD-related topics. This material
spans a wide range of topics, from effective use of the
mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other
operating systems, to guidelines for new committers. Like
the Handbook and FAQ, these documents are available from
the FreeBSD Documentation Page or in the <tt
class="FILENAME">doc</tt> distribution set.</p>
<p>A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD
can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html"
target="_top">bibliography</a> of the FreeBSD Handbook.
Because of FreeBSD's strong UNIX heritage, many other
articles and books written for UNIX systems are
applicable as well, some of which are also listed in the
bibliography.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN161" name="AEN161">5
Acknowledgments</a></h1>
<p>FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds,
if not thousands, of individuals from around the world who
have worked countless hours to bring about this release.
For a complete list of FreeBSD developers and contributors,
please see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/"
target="_top">``Contributors to FreeBSD''</a> on the
FreeBSD Web site or any of its mirrors.</p>
<p>Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD
users and testers all over the world, without whom this
release simply would not have been possible.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related
documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a>
before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 4-STABLE
should subscribe to the &#60;<a
href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;
mailing list.</small></small></p>
<p align="center">For questions about this documentation,
e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</p>
<br />
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<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/alpha
4.8-RELEASE Release Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002,
2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD:
src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.22.2.346 2003/03/22 00:12:50 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT">
<a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE contain a
summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system
since 4.7-RELEASE. Both changes for kernel and userland
are listed, as well as applicable security advisories
for the base system that were issued since the last
release. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#AEN14">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#AEN22">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1.1 <a href="#AEN50">Processor/Motherboard
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.2 <a href="#AEN60">Boot Loaders</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.3 <a href="#AEN63">Network Interface
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.4 <a href="#AEN73">Network
Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.5 <a href="#AEN97">Disks and
Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.6 <a href="#AEN129">Filesystems</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.7 <a href="#AEN132">PCCARD
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.8 <a href="#AEN135">Multimedia
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.9 <a href="#AEN138">Contributed
Software</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#SECURITY">Security
Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN298">Contributed
Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN330">Ports/Packages
Collection</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#AEN335">Release Engineering and
Integration</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#AEN343">Upgrading from previous releases
of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN14" name="AEN14">1
Introduction</a></h1>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
4.8-RELEASE on the Alpha/AXP hardware platform. It
describes new features of FreeBSD that have been added (or
changed) since 4.7-RELEASE. It also provides some notes on
upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE is a release
distribution. It can be found at <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other)
release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD''</a> appendix in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN22" name="AEN22">2 What's
New</a></h1>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or
changed features in FreeBSD since 4.7-RELEASE. Typical
release note items document new drivers or hardware
support, new commands or options, major bugfixes, or
contributed software upgrades. Security advisories for the
base system that were issued after 4.7-RELEASE are also
listed.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.1 Kernel
Changes</a></h2>
<p>A new in-kernel cryptographic framework (see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(9)</span></a>) has
been imported from OpenBSD. It provides a consistent
interface to hardware and software implementations of
cryptographic algorithms for use by the kernel and access
to cryptographic hardware for user-mode applications.
Hardware device drivers are provided to support
hifn-based cards (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>) and
Broadcom-based cards (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>).</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a> driver,
to support FTDI USB-to-serial devices, has been
added.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN50" name="AEN50">2.1.1
Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3>
<p>Users of AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 TurboLaser
machines must explicitly enable <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getty&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getty</span>(8)</span></a> for
the serial console line after installation. If this is
not done, the system might appear hung as it will not
output a login prompt. (See the <tt
class="LITERAL">zs0</tt> line in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/ttys</tt>.)</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN60" name="AEN60">2.1.2 Boot
Loaders</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN63" name="AEN63">2.1.3
Network Interface Support</a></h3>
<p>The cm driver now supports IPX.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports network device <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN73" name="AEN73">2.1.4
Network Protocols</a></h3>
<p>A <tt class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> kernel option
now allows the IPsec implementation to use the kernel
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a>
framework, along with its support for hardware
cryptographic acceleration. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fast_ipsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fast_ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
manual page.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The <tt
class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">IPSEC</tt> options are mutually
exclusive.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The <tt
class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> option is, at the
moment, not compatible with IPv6 or the <tt
class="LITERAL">INET6</tt> option.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> driver,
which can encapsulate IP packets using GRE (RFC 1701)
or minimal IP encapsulation for Mobile IP (RFC 2004),
has been added.</p>
<p>A bug in TCP NewReno, which caused premature exit
from fast recovery with NewReno enabled, has been
fixed.</p>
<p>The IP fragment reassembly code behaves more
gracefully when receiving a large number of packet
fragments (it is designed to be more resistant to
fragment-based denial of service attacks).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN97" name="AEN97">2.1.5
Disks and Storage</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports accessing ATA devices as SCSI devices via
the CAM layer and drivers (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=da&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">da</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=st&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">st</span>(4)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pass</span>(4)</span></a>). This
feature requires <tt class="LITERAL">device
atapicam</tt> in the kernel configuration. More
information can be found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atapicam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">atapicam</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=targ&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">targ</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been rewritten and a new usermode has been added to
<tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/scsi_target</tt>
that emulates a direct access device.</p>
<p>The trm driver has been added to support SCSI
adapters using the Tekram TRM-S1040 SCSI chipset.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN129" name="AEN129">2.1.6
Filesystems</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN132" name="AEN132">2.1.7
PCCARD Support</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN135" name="AEN135">2.1.8
Multimedia Support</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN138" name="AEN138">2.1.9
Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been updated
to 3.4.31.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.2
Security Advisories</a></h2>
<p>Buffer overflows in kadmind(8) and k5admin have been
corrected. More details can be found in security advisory
<a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:40.kadmind.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:40</a>.</p>
<p>Multiple vulnerabilities in <b
class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> have been fixed, as
described in <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:43.bind.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:43</a>.</p>
<p>A file descriptor leak in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpathconf&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpathconf</span>(2)</span></a>
system call, which could allow a local user to crash the
system or cause a privilege escalation, has been fixed.
More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:44.filedesc.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:44</a>.</p>
<p>A remotely exploitable vulnerability in <b
class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> has been corrected with the
import of version 1.11.5. More details can be found in
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:01.cvs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:01</a>.</p>
<p>A timing-based attack on <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, which could allow a very
powerful attacker access to plaintext under certain
circumstances, has been prevented via an upgrade to <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> 0.9.7. See security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:02.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:02</a> for more details.</p>
<p>The security and performance of the ``syncookies''
feature has been improved to decrease the chance of an
attacker being able to spoof connections. More details
are given in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:03.syncookies.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:03</a>.</p>
<p>A remotely-exploitable buffer overflow vulnerability
in <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been fixed by
updating <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> to version
8.12.8. For more details, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:04.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:04</a>.</p>
<p>A bounds-checking bug in the XDR implementation, which
could allow a remote attacker to cause a
denial-of-service, has been fixed. For more details see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:05.xdr.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:05</a>.</p>
<p>Two recently-publicized flaws in <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> have been corrected. For
more details, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:06.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:06</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3
Userland Changes</a></h2>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now
accepts a value of <tt class="LITERAL">max</tt> for its
<tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to set the drive's
maximum write speed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="LITERAL">speed</tt> command to set
the maximum speed to be used by the drive (the maximum
possible speed can be selected setting the speed to <tt
class="LITERAL">max</tt>).</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution
now includes the <tt class="FILENAME">libcrypto.so.2</tt>
and <tt class="FILENAME">libssl.so.2</tt> libraries from
FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwcontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
utility has been added to help users access and control
the FireWire subsystem.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to disable
printing any host-specific information, such as the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> version
or hostname, in server messages.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> option to specify a
port on which to listen in daemon mode. The default data
port number is now set to be one less than the control
port number, rather than being hard-coded.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports an extended format of the <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/ftpchroot</tt> file. Please refer
to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpchroot&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpchroot</span>(5)</span></a>
manpage, which is now available, for details.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports login directory pathnames that specify
simultaneously a directory for <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> and
that to change to in the chrooted environment. The <tt
class="LITERAL">/./</tt> separator is used for this
purpose, like in other FTP daemons having this feature.
It may be used in both <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpchroot&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpchroot</span>(5)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getconf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getconf</span>(1)</span></a>
utility has been added. It prints the values of POSIX or
X/Open path or system configuration variables.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports <tt class="LITERAL">enable</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">disable</tt> commands to control various
aspects of the operation of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>
(including enabling and disabling the firewall itself).
These provide a more convenient and visible interface
than the existing sysctl variables.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> flag to change to a
given directory before building its target(s).</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_nfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_nfs</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> to avoid doing a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">connect</span>(2)</span></a> for
UDP mount points. This option must be used if the server
does not reply to requests from the standard NFS port
number 2049 or if it replies to requests using a
different IP address (which can occur if the server is
multi-homed). Setting the <tt
class="VARNAME">vfs.nfs.nfs_ip_paranoia</tt> sysctl to
<tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> will make this option the
default.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="LITERAL">W</tt> flag to force
previously-started compression jobs for an entry (or
group of entries specified with the <tt
class="LITERAL">G</tt> flag) to finish before beginning a
new one. This feature is designed to prevent system
overloads caused by starting several compression jobs on
big files simultaneously.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pathchk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pathchk</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, which checks pathnames for validity or
portability between POSIX systems, has been added.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> can now add
a user whose name ends with a <tt class="LITERAL">$</tt>
character; this change is intended to help administration
of <b class="APPLICATION">Samba</b> services.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> flag to specify an
alternative directory to <tt
class="FILENAME">/tftpboot</tt>.</p>
<p>The base64 capabilities of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuencode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuencode</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> can
now be automatically enabled by invoking these utilities
as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64encode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64encode</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a>
respectively.</p>
<p>The definitions of the standard file streams (<tt
class="VARNAME">stdin</tt>, <tt
class="VARNAME">stdout</tt>, and <tt
class="VARNAME">stderr</tt>) have changed so that they
are no longer compile-time constants. Some older binaries
may require updated 3.X compatability libraries (for
example, by setting <tt class="LITERAL">COMPAT3X=yes</tt>
for a buildworld/installworld).</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN298" name="AEN298">2.3.1
Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to
version 8.3.4.</p>
<p>All of the <b class="APPLICATION">bzip2</b> suite of
applications is now installed in the base system (in
particular, <tt class="COMMAND">bzip2recover</tt> is
now built and installed).</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> has been updated to
1.11.5.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> has been updated to
3.41.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> and its related
utilities have been updated to FSF version 1.18.1.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> has been
updated to 0.5.1.</p>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has
been updated to 3.0.1RC11.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">libz</b> has been updated to
1.1.4.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been updated
to 3.5p1.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been updated
to release 0.9.7a. Among other features, this release
includes support for AES and takes advantage of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a>
devices.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated
to version 8.12.8.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> has been updated
to version 3.7.2.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated to the <tt
class="FILENAME">tzdata2002d</tt> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN330" name="AEN330">2.3.2
Ports/Packages Collection</a></h3>
<p>The one-line <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-comment</tt>
files have been eliminated from each port skeleton;
their contents have been moved into each port's <tt
class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>. This change reduces the
disk space and inodes used by the ports tree.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN335" name="AEN335">2.4
Release Engineering and Integration</a></h2>
<p>The supported release of <b
class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> has been updated to
2.2.</p>
<p>The supported release of <b
class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> has been updated to 3.1.</p>
<p>The supported release of <b
class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> has been updated to
4.3.0.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN343" name="AEN343">3 Upgrading
from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD,
you generally will have three options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it
presumes that your installation of FreeBSD uses no
special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD.
Technically, this is not an upgrading method, and in
any case is usually less convenient than a binary
upgrade, in that it requires you to manually backup and
restore the contents of <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>.
However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or
need) to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more
flexible, but requires more disk space, time, and
technical expertise. More information can be found in
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make
world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>. Upgrading from
very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in
cases like this, it is usually more effective to
perform a binary upgrade or a complete reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>
file for more information, preferably <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span>
beginning an upgrade. If you are upgrading from source,
please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to
track the -STABLE or -CURRENT branches of FreeBSD, please
be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of
course, only be attempted after backing up <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span>
data and configuration files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related
documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a>
before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 4-STABLE
should subscribe to the &#60;<a
href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;
mailing list.</small></small></p>
<p align="center">For questions about this documentation,
e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</p>
<br />
<br />
</body>
</html>

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<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/i386
4.8-RELEASE Release Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002,
2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD:
src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.22.2.346 2003/03/22 00:12:50 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT">
<a id="AEN12" name="AEN12"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE contain a
summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system
since 4.7-RELEASE. Both changes for kernel and userland
are listed, as well as applicable security advisories
for the base system that were issued since the last
release. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#AEN14">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#AEN22">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1.1 <a href="#AEN50">Processor/Motherboard
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.2 <a href="#AEN60">Boot Loaders</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.3 <a href="#AEN63">Network Interface
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.4 <a href="#AEN73">Network
Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.5 <a href="#AEN97">Disks and
Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.6 <a href="#AEN129">Filesystems</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.7 <a href="#AEN132">PCCARD
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.8 <a href="#AEN135">Multimedia
Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.1.9 <a href="#AEN138">Contributed
Software</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#SECURITY">Security
Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN298">Contributed
Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN330">Ports/Packages
Collection</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#AEN335">Release Engineering and
Integration</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#AEN343">Upgrading from previous releases
of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN14" name="AEN14">1
Introduction</a></h1>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
4.8-RELEASE on the i386 hardware platform. It describes new
features of FreeBSD that have been added (or changed) since
4.7-RELEASE. It also provides some notes on upgrading from
previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE is a release
distribution. It can be found at <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other)
release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD''</a> appendix in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN22" name="AEN22">2 What's
New</a></h1>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or
changed features in FreeBSD since 4.7-RELEASE. Typical
release note items document new drivers or hardware
support, new commands or options, major bugfixes, or
contributed software upgrades. Security advisories for the
base system that were issued after 4.7-RELEASE are also
listed.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.1 Kernel
Changes</a></h2>
<p>A new in-kernel cryptographic framework (see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=9&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(9)</span></a>) has
been imported from OpenBSD. It provides a consistent
interface to hardware and software implementations of
cryptographic algorithms for use by the kernel and access
to cryptographic hardware for user-mode applications.
Hardware device drivers are provided to support
hifn-based cards (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hifn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">hifn</span>(4)</span></a>) and
Broadcom-based cards (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ubsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ubsec</span>(4)</span></a>).</p>
<p>Initial support has been added for FireWire devices
(see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=firewire&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">firewire</span>(4)</span></a>).</p>
<p>Support for the CanBe power management controller has
been added.</p>
<p>The ubsa driver has been added to support the Belkin
F5U103 (and compatible) USB-to-serial adaptors.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uftdi&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uftdi</span>(4)</span></a> driver,
to support FTDI USB-to-serial devices, has been
added.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN50" name="AEN50">2.1.1
Processor/Motherboard Support</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD now has rudimentary support for
HyperThreading (HTT). SMP kernels with the <tt
class="LITERAL">HTT</tt> kernel option will detect and
start up the logical processors on HTT-capable
machines. The logical processors will be treated like
additional physical processors for the purposes of
process scheduling.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN60" name="AEN60">2.1.2 Boot
Loaders</a></h3>
<p>The PC98 bootloader now has support for booting from
SCSI MO media.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN63" name="AEN63">2.1.3
Network Interface Support</a></h3>
<p>The cm driver now supports IPX.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nge&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">nge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports network device <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN73" name="AEN73">2.1.4
Network Protocols</a></h3>
<p>A <tt class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> kernel option
now allows the IPsec implementation to use the kernel
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a>
framework, along with its support for hardware
cryptographic acceleration. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fast_ipsec&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fast_ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
manual page.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The <tt
class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">IPSEC</tt> options are mutually
exclusive.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> The <tt
class="LITERAL">FAST_IPSEC</tt> option is, at the
moment, not compatible with IPv6 or the <tt
class="LITERAL">INET6</tt> option.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>A <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gre&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gre</span>(4)</span></a> driver,
which can encapsulate IP packets using GRE (RFC 1701)
or minimal IP encapsulation for Mobile IP (RFC 2004),
has been added.</p>
<p>A bug in TCP NewReno, which caused premature exit
from fast recovery with NewReno enabled, has been
fixed.</p>
<p>The IP fragment reassembly code behaves more
gracefully when receiving a large number of packet
fragments (it is designed to be more resistant to
fragment-based denial of service attacks).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN97" name="AEN97">2.1.5
Disks and Storage</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports accessing ATA devices as SCSI devices via
the CAM layer and drivers (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=da&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">da</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=st&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">st</span>(4)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pass</span>(4)</span></a>). This
feature requires <tt class="LITERAL">device
atapicam</tt> in the kernel configuration. More
information can be found in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atapicam&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">atapicam</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=matcd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">matcd</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been removed due to concerns over its licensing
terms. These issues are being addressed and this driver
may reappear in a future release of FreeBSD. (This
removal actually occurred in 4.7-RELEASE, but was not
mentioned in the release notes.)</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=targ&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">targ</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been rewritten and a new usermode has been added to
<tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/share/examples/scsi_target</tt>
that emulates a direct access device.</p>
<p>The trm driver has been added to support SCSI
adapters using the Tekram TRM-S1040 SCSI chipset.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN129" name="AEN129">2.1.6
Filesystems</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN132" name="AEN132">2.1.7
PCCARD Support</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN135" name="AEN135">2.1.8
Multimedia Support</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN138" name="AEN138">2.1.9
Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">IPFilter</b> has been updated
to 3.4.31.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.2
Security Advisories</a></h2>
<p>Buffer overflows in kadmind(8) and k5admin have been
corrected. More details can be found in security advisory
<a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:40.kadmind.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:40</a>.</p>
<p>Multiple vulnerabilities in <b
class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> have been fixed, as
described in <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:43.bind.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:43</a>.</p>
<p>A file descriptor leak in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpathconf&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpathconf</span>(2)</span></a>
system call, which could allow a local user to crash the
system or cause a privilege escalation, has been fixed.
More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:44.filedesc.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-02:44</a>.</p>
<p>A remotely exploitable vulnerability in <b
class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> has been corrected with the
import of version 1.11.5. More details can be found in
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:01.cvs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:01</a>.</p>
<p>A timing-based attack on <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b>, which could allow a very
powerful attacker access to plaintext under certain
circumstances, has been prevented via an upgrade to <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> 0.9.7. See security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:02.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:02</a> for more details.</p>
<p>The security and performance of the ``syncookies''
feature has been improved to decrease the chance of an
attacker being able to spoof connections. More details
are given in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:03.syncookies.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:03</a>.</p>
<p>A remotely-exploitable buffer overflow vulnerability
in <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been fixed by
updating <b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> to version
8.12.8. For more details, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:04.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:04</a>.</p>
<p>A bounds-checking bug in the XDR implementation, which
could allow a remote attacker to cause a
denial-of-service, has been fixed. For more details see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:05.xdr.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:05</a>.</p>
<p>Two recently-publicized flaws in <b
class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> have been corrected. For
more details, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-03:06.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-03:06</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3
Userland Changes</a></h2>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=burncd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">burncd</span>(8)</span></a> now
accepts a value of <tt class="LITERAL">max</tt> for its
<tt class="OPTION">-s</tt> option to set the drive's
maximum write speed.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdcontrol</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="LITERAL">speed</tt> command to set
the maximum speed to be used by the drive (the maximum
possible speed can be selected setting the speed to <tt
class="LITERAL">max</tt>).</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> distribution
now includes the <tt class="FILENAME">libcrypto.so.2</tt>
and <tt class="FILENAME">libssl.so.2</tt> libraries from
FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwcontrol&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">fwcontrol</span>(8)</span></a>
utility has been added to help users access and control
the FireWire subsystem.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-h</tt> option to disable
printing any host-specific information, such as the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> version
or hostname, in server messages.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-P</tt> option to specify a
port on which to listen in daemon mode. The default data
port number is now set to be one less than the control
port number, rather than being hard-coded.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports an extended format of the <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/ftpchroot</tt> file. Please refer
to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpchroot&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpchroot</span>(5)</span></a>
manpage, which is now available, for details.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports login directory pathnames that specify
simultaneously a directory for <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span></a> and
that to change to in the chrooted environment. The <tt
class="LITERAL">/./</tt> separator is used for this
purpose, like in other FTP daemons having this feature.
It may be used in both <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftpchroot&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpchroot</span>(5)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">passwd</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getconf&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getconf</span>(1)</span></a>
utility has been added. It prints the values of POSIX or
X/Open path or system configuration variables.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports <tt class="LITERAL">enable</tt> and <tt
class="LITERAL">disable</tt> commands to control various
aspects of the operation of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a>
(including enabling and disabling the firewall itself).
These provide a more convenient and visible interface
than the existing sysctl variables.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">make</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-C</tt> flag to change to a
given directory before building its target(s).</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_nfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">mount_nfs</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="OPTION">-c</tt> to avoid doing a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=connect&sektion=2&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">connect</span>(2)</span></a> for
UDP mount points. This option must be used if the server
does not reply to requests from the standard NFS port
number 2049 or if it replies to requests using a
different IP address (which can occur if the server is
multi-homed). Setting the <tt
class="VARNAME">vfs.nfs.nfs_ip_paranoia</tt> sysctl to
<tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> will make this option the
default.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">newsyslog</span>(8)</span></a> now
supports a <tt class="LITERAL">W</tt> flag to force
previously-started compression jobs for an entry (or
group of entries specified with the <tt
class="LITERAL">G</tt> flag) to finish before beginning a
new one. This feature is designed to prevent system
overloads caused by starting several compression jobs on
big files simultaneously.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pathchk&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pathchk</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, which checks pathnames for validity or
portability between POSIX systems, has been added.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">pw</span>(8)</span></a> can now add
a user whose name ends with a <tt class="LITERAL">$</tt>
character; this change is intended to help administration
of <b class="APPLICATION">Samba</b> services.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">rarpd</span>(8)</span></a> now
accepts a <tt class="OPTION">-t</tt> flag to specify an
alternative directory to <tt
class="FILENAME">/tftpboot</tt>.</p>
<p>The base64 capabilities of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuencode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uuencode</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uudecode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">uudecode</span>(1)</span></a> can
now be automatically enabled by invoking these utilities
as <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64encode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64encode</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">b64decode</span>(1)</span></a>
respectively.</p>
<p>The definitions of the standard file streams (<tt
class="VARNAME">stdin</tt>, <tt
class="VARNAME">stdout</tt>, and <tt
class="VARNAME">stderr</tt>) have changed so that they
are no longer compile-time constants. Some older binaries
may require updated 3.X compatability libraries (for
example, by setting <tt class="LITERAL">COMPAT3X=yes</tt>
for a buildworld/installworld).</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN298" name="AEN298">2.3.1
Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated to
version 8.3.4.</p>
<p>All of the <b class="APPLICATION">bzip2</b> suite of
applications is now installed in the base system (in
particular, <tt class="COMMAND">bzip2recover</tt> is
now built and installed).</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">CVS</b> has been updated to
1.11.5.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">FILE</b> has been updated to
3.41.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">groff</b> and its related
utilities have been updated to FSF version 1.18.1.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">Heimdal Kerberos</b> has been
updated to 0.5.1.</p>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ISC DHCP</b> client has
been updated to 3.0.1RC11.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">libz</b> has been updated to
1.1.4.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSH</b> has been updated
to 3.5p1.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">OpenSSL</b> has been updated
to release 0.9.7a. Among other features, this release
includes support for AES and takes advantage of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypto&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">crypto</span>(4)</span></a>
devices.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated
to version 8.12.8.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">tcpdump</b> has been updated
to version 3.7.2.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated to the <tt
class="FILENAME">tzdata2002d</tt> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN330" name="AEN330">2.3.2
Ports/Packages Collection</a></h3>
<p>The one-line <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-comment</tt>
files have been eliminated from each port skeleton;
their contents have been moved into each port's <tt
class="FILENAME">Makefile</tt>. This change reduces the
disk space and inodes used by the ports tree.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN335" name="AEN335">2.4
Release Engineering and Integration</a></h2>
<p>The supported release of <b
class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> has been updated to
2.2.</p>
<p>The supported release of <b
class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> has been updated to 3.1.</p>
<p>The supported release of <b
class="APPLICATION">XFree86</b> has been updated to
4.3.0.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN343" name="AEN343">3 Upgrading
from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></h1>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD,
you generally will have three options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.7-stable">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it
presumes that your installation of FreeBSD uses no
special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD.
Technically, this is not an upgrading method, and in
any case is usually less convenient than a binary
upgrade, in that it requires you to manually backup and
restore the contents of <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>.
However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or
need) to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more
flexible, but requires more disk space, time, and
technical expertise. More information can be found in
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make
world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>. Upgrading from
very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in
cases like this, it is usually more effective to
perform a binary upgrade or a complete reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>
file for more information, preferably <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span>
beginning an upgrade. If you are upgrading from source,
please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to
track the -STABLE or -CURRENT branches of FreeBSD, please
be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of
course, only be attempted after backing up <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span>
data and configuration files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related
documents, can be downloaded from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a>
before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 4-STABLE
should subscribe to the &#60;<a
href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;
mailing list.</small></small></p>
<p align="center">For questions about this documentation,
e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</p>
<br />
<br />
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" [
<!ENTITY base CDATA "../..">
<!ENTITY date "$FreeBSD$">
<!ENTITY title "FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE Release Notes">
<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "../../includes.sgml"> %includes;
]>
<html>
&header;
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD are customized for different
platforms, as some of the changes made to FreeBSD apply only to
specific processor architectures.</p>
<p>Release notes for FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE are available for the following
platforms:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="relnotes-i386.html">i386</a></li>
<li><a href="relnotes-alpha.html">Alpha</a></li>
</ul>
<p>A list of all platforms currently under development can be found
on the <a href="../../platforms/index.html">Supported
Platforms</a> page.</p>
</html>