diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml index 11bd412f61..1e93ee2221 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml @@ -2106,6 +2106,69 @@ + + Memory + + + + + Does &os; support more than 4 GB of memory (RAM)? More + than 16 GB? More than 48 GB? + + + + Yes. &os; as an operating system generally supports as much + physical memory (RAM) as the platform it is running on does. Keep in + mind that different platforms have different limits for memory; + for example &i386; without PAE supports + at most 4 GB of memory + (and usually less than that because of PCI address space) and + &i386; with PAE supports at most 64 GB memory. + AMD64 platforms currently deployed support up to + 1 TB of physical memory. + + + + + + Why does &os; report less than 4 GB memory when installed + on an &i386; machine? + + + + The total address space on &i386; machines is 32-bit, meaning that at + most 4 GB of memory is addressable (can be accessed). Furthermore, + some addresses in this range are reserved by hardware for different purposes, + for example for using and controlling PCI devices, for accessing + video memory, and so on. Therefore, the total amount of memory usable by the + operating system for its kernel and applications is limited to significantly + less than 4 GB. Usually, 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB is the maximum usable + physical memory in this configuration. + + To access more than 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB of installed memory (meaning + up to 4 GB but also more than 4 GB), a special tweak called + PAE + must be used. PAE stands for Physical Address Extension and is a + way for 32-bit x86 CPUs to address more than 4 GB of memory. It + remaps the memory that would otherwise be overlayed by address + reservations for hardware devices above the 4 GB range and uses it + as additional physical memory (see &man.pae.4;). Using PAE has + some drawbacks; this mode of memory access is a little bit slower + than the normal (without PAE) mode and loadable modules + (see &man.kld.4;) are not supported. This means all drivers must + be compiled into the kernel. + + PAE is not much used nowadays because most new x86 hardware also + supports running in 64-bit mode, known as AMD64 or + &intel; 64. It has a much larger + address space and does not need such tweaks. &os; supports AMD64 + and it is recommended that this version of &os; be used instead + of the &i386; version if 4 GB or more memory is required. + + + + + Architectures and processors