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index 11bd412f61..1e93ee2221 100644
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@@ -2106,6 +2106,69 @@
+
+ Memory
+
+
+
+
+ Does &os; support more than 4 GB of memory (RAM)? More
+ than 16 GB? More than 48 GB?
+
+
+
+ Yes. &os; as an operating system generally supports as much
+ physical memory (RAM) as the platform it is running on does. Keep in
+ mind that different platforms have different limits for memory;
+ for example &i386; without PAE supports
+ at most 4 GB of memory
+ (and usually less than that because of PCI address space) and
+ &i386; with PAE supports at most 64 GB memory.
+ AMD64 platforms currently deployed support up to
+ 1 TB of physical memory.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Why does &os; report less than 4 GB memory when installed
+ on an &i386; machine?
+
+
+
+ The total address space on &i386; machines is 32-bit, meaning that at
+ most 4 GB of memory is addressable (can be accessed). Furthermore,
+ some addresses in this range are reserved by hardware for different purposes,
+ for example for using and controlling PCI devices, for accessing
+ video memory, and so on. Therefore, the total amount of memory usable by the
+ operating system for its kernel and applications is limited to significantly
+ less than 4 GB. Usually, 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB is the maximum usable
+ physical memory in this configuration.
+
+ To access more than 3.2 GB to 3.7 GB of installed memory (meaning
+ up to 4 GB but also more than 4 GB), a special tweak called
+ PAE
+ must be used. PAE stands for Physical Address Extension and is a
+ way for 32-bit x86 CPUs to address more than 4 GB of memory. It
+ remaps the memory that would otherwise be overlayed by address
+ reservations for hardware devices above the 4 GB range and uses it
+ as additional physical memory (see &man.pae.4;). Using PAE has
+ some drawbacks; this mode of memory access is a little bit slower
+ than the normal (without PAE) mode and loadable modules
+ (see &man.kld.4;) are not supported. This means all drivers must
+ be compiled into the kernel.
+
+ PAE is not much used nowadays because most new x86 hardware also
+ supports running in 64-bit mode, known as AMD64 or
+ &intel; 64. It has a much larger
+ address space and does not need such tweaks. &os; supports AMD64
+ and it is recommended that this version of &os; be used instead
+ of the &i386; version if 4 GB or more memory is required.
+
+
+
+
+
Architectures and processors