From 4689fcd35f86ac26c74686ffc602b21382731521 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: James Raynard Date: Tue, 9 Jul 1996 22:37:38 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] * Move questions re mounting CDROMs together (suggested by Darryl Okahata). * Add explanation of what virtual consoles are (suggested by Francisco Reyes) * Minor formatting change to fix docs/1378 (could some kind person close this for me? Thanks!) * Removed references to obsolete /usr/share/FAQ/Text directory. * Added details of UK supplier of FreeBSD CDs. * Made the consequences of running ``make world'' more explicit. * More cleaning and tidying up. --- FAQ/freebsd-faq.sgml | 211 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- 1 file changed, 111 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-) diff --git a/FAQ/freebsd-faq.sgml b/FAQ/freebsd-faq.sgml index 5627407bee..25511dc5e4 100644 --- a/FAQ/freebsd-faq.sgml +++ b/FAQ/freebsd-faq.sgml @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.X <author>The FreeBSD FAQ Team, <tt/FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG/ -<date> $Id: freebsd-faq.sgml,v 1.50 1996-07-09 02:23:54 jraynard Exp $ +<date> $Id: freebsd-faq.sgml,v 1.51 1996-07-09 22:37:38 jraynard Exp $ <abstract> This is the FAQ for FreeBSD systems version 2.X All entries are assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0.5+, unless otherwise noted. @@ -34,26 +34,6 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. There are regular snapshots extracted from 2.2-CURRENT. Check on <tt>ftp.FreeBSD.ORG</tt> in <tt>/pub/FreeBSD/*-SNAP*</tt>. - Some of the instructions here will also refer to auxiliary - utilities in the <tt>/usr/share/FAQ/Text</tt> directory. If you do - not have this directory, or if it does not contain the file that - you want, you are probably using a version of FreeBSD prior to - 2.0.5R. In this case, install the FreeBSD sources and look in - <tt>/usr/src/share/FAQ/Text</tt> (instead of - <tt>/usr/share/FAQ</tt>). CDROM purchasers and net folks who've - grabbed the FreeBSD 2.X ``<tt/srcdist/'' will have these files. If - you don't have the source distribution, then you can either grab - the whole thing from: - - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current" - name="FreeBSD-current base directory"> - - Or you can grab only those files you're interested in straight out - of the FreeBSD-current distribution in: - - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src" - name="FreeBSD-current src directory"> - <sect1> <heading>What is FreeBSD?</heading> <p> @@ -84,7 +64,7 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. <sect1> <heading>What do I need to run FreeBSD?</heading> <p> - You'll need a 386 or better PC, with 4 Mo or more of RAM and at + You'll need a 386 or better PC, with 4 MB or more of RAM and at least 60 MB of hard disk space. It can run with a low end MDA card but to run X11R6, a VGA or better video card is needed. @@ -94,7 +74,7 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. <heading>Where can I get FreeBSD</heading> <p> The distribution is available via anonymous ftp from: - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/" name="FreeBSD home directory"> + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/" name="the FreeBSD FTP site"> For the current release, 2.1.0R, look in: <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/2.1.0-RELEASE/" name="FreeBSD 2.1.0-RELEASE"> @@ -110,7 +90,7 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. email: <url url="mailto:orders@cdrom.com" name="WC Orders address"> <newline> WWW: <url url="http://www.cdrom.com/" name="WC Home page"><newline> - In Australia, you may find it at the following: + In Australia, you may find it at: Advanced MM Distributors<newline> 45 Elstone Ave<newline> @@ -126,6 +106,17 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. Voice: +61 9 385-3793<newline> Fax: +61 9 385-2360<newline> + And in the UK: + + The Public Domain & Shareware Library<newline> + Winscombe House, Beacon Rd<newline> + Crowborough<newline> + Sussex. TN6 1UL<newline> + + Voice: +44 01892 663298<newline> + Fax: +44 01892 667473<newline> + (Do not dial the leading zero if calling from outside the UK). + <sect1> <heading>What FreeBSD mailing lists are available?</heading> <p> @@ -142,24 +133,21 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. <tag/SCSI/ Mailing list for SCSI developers. <tag/current/ This is the mailing list for communications between the developers and users of freebsd-current. It also - carries announcements and discussions on current. + carries announcements and discussions on current. <tt + /Required/ reading for anyone using freebsd-current! <tag/security/ For issues dealing with system security. - <tag/platforms/ Deals with ports to non-Intel platforms - <tag/ports/ Discussion of <tt>/usr/ports/???</tt> - <tag/fs/ Discussion of FreeBSD Filesystems + <tag/platforms/ Deals with ports to non-Intel platforms. + <tag/ports/ Discussion of the Ports collection. + <tag/fs/ Discussion of FreeBSD Filesystems. <tag/hardware/ Discussion on hardware requirements for FreeBSD. <tag/committers/ All CVS commit messages - <tag/chat/ What does not belong elsewhere, general chat, fun. + <tag/chat/ Miscellaneous chit-chat that does not belong + anywhere else, humour, etc. <tag/hubs/ This the mailing-list for all of the generous people who manage the ``regional'' part of the <tt/freebsd.org/ domain. - <tag/users-groups/ This is the mailing list for the - coordinators from each of the local area Users Groups to - discuss matters with each other and a designated individual - from the Core Team. This mail list should be limited to - meeting synopsis and coordination of projects that span User - Groups + <tag/users-groups/ For the local area Users Groups coordinators. </descrip> <p> The FreeBSD-commit list has been broken up into groups dealing @@ -173,17 +161,21 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. Example: <p> To subscribe to the <tt/questions/ list, you'll to send a message - containing the following command in the <bf/body/ of the message, - the subject is ignored: + containing the following command in the <bf/body/ of the message + (the subject will be ignored): <verb> subscribe questions john.smith@foo.bar (John Smith) </verb> <p> - To unsubscribe, it is as easy. Just remember to send your request + Unsubscribing is just as easy:- + <verb> + unsubscribe questions john.smith@foo.bar (John Smith) + </verb> + Just remember to send your request to - <url url="mailto:Majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG" name="The mail administrator"> - <bf/not/ to the list itself. The last thing the subscribed - users want to see is administrative requests... + <url url="mailto:Majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG" name="the mail administrator"> + and <bf/not/ to the list itself! (The last thing the subscribed + users want to see is administrative requests...) <sect1> <heading>What FreeBSD news groups are available?</heading> @@ -199,14 +191,15 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. <tag><tt/comp.unix.bsd/</tag> General BSD topics </descrip> - To setup/run your own News server or just reading Usenet News, - you may have a look at various packages already ported for - FreeBSD 2.X in <tt>/usr/ports/news</tt>. You'll find Cnews, INN, - Trn, TIN and others there. + <tt>/usr/ports/news</tt> contains a number of ready-ported + programs not only for reading Usenet News, but even setting + up and running your own News server! You'll find trn, TIN, + Cnews, INN and others there. - For French-speaking people, the <tt/fr.comp.os.bsd/ group is for - you. Ask your system administrator if you don't receive this - group. + For French-speaking people, the <tt/fr.comp.os.bsd/ group is for + you; there is also a Japanese newsgroup, <tt /fj.os.bsd.freebsd/. + If you do not receive these newsgroups, ask your system + administrator to get them for you. </sect1> <sect1> @@ -221,7 +214,7 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. A FreeBSD ``handbook'' is being created, and can be found as: - <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/How/handbook/" name="FreeBSD's Handbook"> + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/How/handbook/" name="the FreeBSD Handbook"> Note that this is a work in progress, and so parts may be incomplete. However, as FreeBSD 2.X is based upon Berkeley 4.4BSD-Lite, most @@ -467,7 +460,7 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. <p> This depends. If you don't have DOS (or another operating system) on the system, you can just keep the drive in native mode - and simply make sure that your root partition is below 1024 so + and simply make sure that your root partition is below 1024 cylinders so the BIOS can boot the kernel from it. It you also have DOS/some other OS on the drive then your best bet is to find out what parameters that it thinks you have before installing FreeBSD. @@ -476,8 +469,9 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. the defaults. There is a freely available utility distributed with FreeBSD - called ``<tt/pfdisk/'' (located in the <tt>tools/dos-tools</tt> - subdirectory) which can be used for this purpose. + called ``<tt/pfdisk/'' (located in the <tt>tools</tt> + subdirectory on the FreeBSD CDROM or on the various FreeBSD + ftp sites) which can be used for this purpose. <sect1> <heading>Can I install on my laptop over PLIP (Parallel Line IP)?</heading> @@ -1324,6 +1318,14 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) <verb> mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>When I mount a CDROM, I get ``Device not configured''.</heading> + <p> + This generally means that there is no CDROM in the CDROM drive, + or the drive is not visible on the bus. Feed the drive + something, and/or check its master/slave status if it is + IDE (ATAPI). <sect1> <heading>How can I use the NT loader to boot FreeBSD?</heading> @@ -1388,18 +1390,16 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) <sect1> <heading>My printer is ridiculously slow. What can I do ?</heading> <p> - If it's parallel, and all your problem is that it's terribly + If it's parallel, and the only problem is that it's terribly slow, try setting your printer port into ``polled'' mode: <verb> lptcontrol -p </verb> - Some newer HP printers are told to not work correctly in + Some newer HP printers are claimed not to work correctly in interrupt mode, apparently due to some (not yet exactly - understood) timing problem. Slowaris is also affected by this - (and that's probably the reason why the HP support does rather - act like an ``unsupport'' here). + understood) timing problem. <sect1> <heading>My keyboard locks up after switching between vtys.</heading> @@ -1410,21 +1410,12 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) options ASYNCH </verb> - See the section on <ref id="make-kernel" name="about building a + See the section on <ref id="make-kernel" name="building a kernel"> if you've no experience with building kernels. <sect1>My bus mouse locks up spontaneously.</heading> <p> Please refer to the answer to the previous question. - - <sect1> - <heading>When I mount a CDROM, I get ``Device not configured''.</heading> - <p> - This generally means that there is no CDROM in the CDROM drive, - or the drive is not visible on the bus. Feed the drive - something, and/or check it's master/slave status if it is - IDE (ATAPI). - <sect1> <heading>My programs occasionally die with ``Signal 11'' errors.</heading> @@ -1467,8 +1458,8 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) <p> Until the bug has been fixed, you can use this workaround: <enum> - <item> Enter <tt/-c/ at the bootprompt. <newline> - [ the kernel goes into configuration mode ] + <item> Enter <tt/-c/ at the bootprompt. + (This will put the kernel into configuration mode). <item> Disable <tt/sio0/, <tt/sio1/, <tt/sio2/ and <tt/sio3/ (all of them). This way the sio driver doesn't get activated -> no problems. @@ -1504,17 +1495,32 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) run <tt/xf86config/ again. <sect1> - <heading>How do I access the virtual consoles?</heading> - <p> - If the console is not currently displaying X Window, just press - Alt-F1 to Alt-F12. - - <bf/NOTE/ the default FreeBSD installation has - only three (3) virtual consoles enabled, and so only Alt-F1, - Alt-F2, and Alt-F3 will work to switch between three virtual - consoles. If you want to increase this number, see the next - question. + <heading>What is a virtual console?</heading> + <p> + Virtual consoles, put simply, enable you to have several + simultaneous sessions on the same machine without doing anything + complicated like setting up a network or running X. + <p> + When the system starts, it will display a login prompt on + the monitor after displaying all the boot messages. You can + then type in your login name and password and start working (or + playing!) on the first virtual console. + <p> + At some point, you will probably wish to start another + session, perhaps to look at documentation for a program + you are running or to read your mail while waiting for an + FTP transfer to finish. Just do Alt-F2 (hold down the Alt + key and press the F2 key), and you will find a login prompt + waiting for you on the second ``virtual console''! When you + want to go back to the original session, do Alt-F1. + <p> + The default FreeBSD installation has three virtual consoles + enabled, and Alt-F1, Alt-F2, and Alt-F3 will switch between + these virtual consoles. + <sect1> + <heading>How do I access the virtual consoles from X?</heading> + <p> If the console is currently displaying X Window, you can use Ctrl-Alt-F1, etc. to switch to a virtual console. Note, however, that once you've switched away from X Window to a virtual @@ -1630,7 +1636,7 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) <p> Read this: <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/How/handbook/current.html" - name="Handbook's section of FreeBSD-CURRENT"> + name="Handbook entry on FreeBSD-CURRENT"> it will tell you all you need to know. <sect1> @@ -1656,7 +1662,7 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) Second, read the <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/How/handbook/sup.html" - name="Handbook's section on SUP"> + name="Handbook entry on SUP"> This file describes how to setup sup on your machine. You may also want to look at @@ -1670,7 +1676,7 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) which are a set of supfiles for supping from <tt/FreeBSD.ORG/. <sect1> - <heading>How cool is your OS?</heading> + <heading>How cool is FreeBSD?</heading> <p> Q. Has anyone done any temperature testing while running FreeBSD? I know Linux runs cooler than dos, but have never seen a mention of @@ -1731,7 +1737,12 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) <heading>"make world" clobbers my existing installed binaries.</heading> <p> - If you define the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ while running + Yes, this is the general idea; as its name might suggest, + ``make world'' rebuilds every system binary from scratch, so + you can be certain of having a clean and consistent + environment at the end (which is why it takes so long). + <p> + If the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ is defined while running ``<tt/make world/'' or ``<tt/make install/'', the newly-created binaries will be deposited in a directory tree identical to the installed one, rooted at <tt>${DESTDIR}</tt>. @@ -1762,10 +1773,10 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) by using the <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/How/handbook/handbook/ctm.html" - name="CTM facility"> + name="CTM facility."> <sect1> - <heading>How did you split up the distribution into 240k files?</heading> + <heading>How did you split the distribution up into 240k files?</heading> <p> Newer BSD based systems have a ``<tt/-b/'' option to split that @@ -1791,7 +1802,7 @@ pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) Please take a look at: <url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook/submitters.html" - name="The Handbook entry on how to submit code">. + name="The Handbook entry on how to submit code."> And thanks for the thought! @@ -2123,7 +2134,7 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 <heading>Where are the system start-up configuration files?</heading> <p> - As for 2.0.5R, the primary configuration file is + As of 2.0.5R, the primary configuration file is <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>. All the options are to be specified in this one and the other one (<tt>/etc/rc</tt> and <tt>/etc/netstart</tt>) just include it. @@ -2176,11 +2187,11 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 <sect1> <heading>I'm having problems setting up my printer.</heading> <p> - Please have a look at the section of the Handbook on printing. It + Please have a look at the Handbook entry on printing. It should cover most of your problem. See the <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/How/handbook/printing.html" - name="Handbook entry on printing"> + name="Handbook entry on printing."> </sect1> <sect1> @@ -2300,13 +2311,13 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 links: <url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook/slips.html" - name="Handbook's section on SLIP (server side)"> + name="Handbook entry on SLIP (server side)"> <url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook/slipc.html" - name="Handbook's section on SLIP (client side)"> + name="Handbook entry on SLIP (client side)"> <url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook/ppp.html" - name="Handbook's section on PPP (kernel version)"> + name="Handbook entry on PPP (kernel version)"> <url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook/userppp.html" - name="Handbook's section on SLIP (user-mode version)"> + name="Handbook entry on SLIP (user-mode version)"> <sect1> <heading>I can connect with IJPPP but it doesn't work right!</heading> @@ -2516,8 +2527,8 @@ domain foo.bar.edu /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf </verb> - If you don't have installed your system with full sources, - this won't be a problem. The sendmail config stuff has been + If you didn't install your system with full sources, + the sendmail config stuff has been broken out into a separate source distribution tarball just for you. Assuming you've got your CD-ROM mounted, do: @@ -2526,12 +2537,12 @@ domain foo.bar.edu tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa </verb> - Don't bother, this is only a few hundred kilobytes in size. + Don't panic, this is only a few hundred kilobytes in size. The file <tt>README</tt> in the <tt>cf</tt> directory can - serve as a basic introduction into the m4 configuration. + serve as a basic introduction to m4 configuration. <p> - For UUCP delivery, you will go best by using the + For UUCP delivery, you are best advised to use the <em>mailertable</em> feature. This constitutes a database that sendmail can use to base its routing decision upon. @@ -2608,7 +2619,7 @@ domain foo.bar.edu everything else, with UUCP delivery to a UUCP neighbour that serves as your universal mail gateway to the world. All of the node names behind the <tt>uucp-dom:</tt> keyword must - be valid UUCP neighbours, as you could verify using the + be valid UUCP neighbours, as you can verify using the command <tt>uuname</tt>. <p> @@ -3100,7 +3111,7 @@ domain foo.bar.edu protocol, like zmodem. <sect1> - <heading>Okay, how can I run zmodem with <tt/tip/?</heading> + <heading>How can I run zmodem with <tt/tip/?</heading> <p> To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. Then, type ``<tt/~C rz/'' to begin receiving them locally.