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Add more information about using KDE2.

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- Anti-aliased fonts
  - KDM
  - Setting up X to choose between GNOME and KDE

Submitted by:	Rahul Siddharthan <rsidd@physics.iisc.ernet.in>
This commit is contained in:
Murray Stokely 2001-06-24 04:25:29 +00:00
parent ca002b6606
commit 4b977cf90d
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00 
svn path=/head/; revision=9687
1 changed files with 213 additions and 37 deletions
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250
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.sgml
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!--
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.sgml,v 1.19 2001/06/22 22:02:19 dd Exp $
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.sgml,v 1.20 2001/06/23 00:24:42 dd Exp $
-->
<chapter id="x11">
@ -1343,49 +1343,49 @@ For further configuration, refer to /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/README.Config.</scree
</para>
<para>For <application>XFree86</application> 3.3.X you will need
to run a separate TrueType font
server. <application>Xfstt</application> is commonly used for this
purpose. To install <application>Xfstt</application> on your
FreeBSD system simply install the port from
<filename>/usr/ports/x11-servers/Xfstt</filename></para>
to run a separate TrueType font
server. <application>Xfstt</application> is commonly used for
this purpose. To install <application>Xfstt</application> on
your FreeBSD system simply install the port from
<filename>/usr/ports/x11-servers/Xfstt</filename></para>
<para>You should now make a directory for your TrueType fonts
(e.g. <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</filename>) and
copy all of your TrueType fonts into this directory. Keep in mind
that you can not take TrueType fonts directly from a Macintosh;
they must be in Unix/DOS/Windows format for use by
<application>XFree86</application>. Once you have copied the files
into this directory you need to use
<application>ttmkfdir</application> to create a
<filename>fonts.dir</filename> file so that the X font renderer
knows that you've installed these new files. There is a FreeBSD
port for <application>ttmkfdir</application> in
<filename>/usr/ports/x11-fonts/ttmkfdir</filename>.</para>
(e.g. <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</filename>)
and copy all of your TrueType fonts into this directory. Keep in
mind that you can not take TrueType fonts directly from a
Macintosh; they must be in Unix/DOS/Windows format for use by
<application>XFree86</application>. Once you have copied the
files into this directory you need to use
<application>ttmkfdir</application> to create a
<filename>fonts.dir</filename> file so that the X font renderer
knows that you've installed these new files. There is a FreeBSD
port for <application>ttmkfdir</application> in
<filename>/usr/ports/x11-fonts/ttmkfdir</filename>.</para>
<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ttmkfdir > fonts.dir</userinput>
</screen>
<para>Now you need to add your TrueType directory to your fonts
path. The easiest way to do this is to add the following entries
into your <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> file.</para>
path. The easiest way to do this is to add the following entries
into your <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> file.</para>
<screen>
&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp rehash</userinput>
</screen>
<para>That's it. Now Netscape, Gimp, StarOffice, and all of your
other X applications should now recognize your installed TrueType
fonts. Extremely small fonts (as with text in a high resolution
display on a web page) and extremely large fonts (within
StarOffice) will look much better now.</para>
other X applications should now recognize your installed
TrueType fonts. Extremely small fonts (as with text in a high
resolution display on a web page) and extremely large fonts
(within StarOffice) will look much better now.</para>
<para>Anti-aliasing: Starting with XFree86 4.0.2, XFree86 does now
support antialiased fonts. As of now, a lot of software does not
take advantage of it, but Qt (the toolkit for the KDE desktop) does;
so if you are running this version of XFree86 (or higher), Qt 2.3
(or higher) and KDE, all your KDE/Qt applications will use
anti-aliased fonts.</para>
<para>Starting with version 4.0.2, XFree86 supports antialiased
fonts. Currently, most software has not been updated to take
advantage of this new functionality. However, Qt (the toolkit
for the KDE desktop) does; so if you are running XFree86 4.0.2
(or higher), Qt 2.3 (or higher) and KDE, all your KDE/Qt
applications will use anti-aliased fonts.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@ -1655,6 +1655,23 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
<para>That's it. Now just type 'startx' and you will be in the
GNOME desktop environment.</para>
<para> Note: if you're running a display manager like xdm,
this will not work. Instead, you should create an
executable <filename>.xsession</filename> file with the same
command in it. To do this, edit your file (if you already
have one) and replace the existing wm command with
<filename>/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-wm</filename>; or
else,</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo "#!/bin/sh" > ~/.xsession</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-wm" >> ~/.xsession</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod +x ~/.xsession</userinput></screen>
<para>Another option is to configure your display manager to
allow choosing the window manager at runtime; the section on
<link linkend="x11-wm-kde2-details">KDE2 details</link>
explains how to do this for <filename>kdm</filename>, the
display manager of KDE.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
@ -1692,24 +1709,183 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
<title>Installing KDE2</title>
<para>At the time this was written, a package for kde2 doesn't
exist yet. No problem! We'll just use the ports to install
it. To install KDE2, do this:</para>
exist yet. No problem! The ports tree hides all the
complexity of building a package from source. To install
KDE2, do this :</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/kde2</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>That fetched all the necessary files from the internet,
compiled kde2, installed kde2, and cleaned up after itself
after the install.</para>
<para>This command will fetch all the necessary files from the
Internet, configure and compile KDE2, install the
applications, and then clean up after itself.</para>
<para>Now you're going to have to tell the X server to launch
kde2 instead of a default window manager. Do this by typing
KDE2 instead of a default window manager. Do this by typing
this:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/startkde" > ~/.xinitrc</userinput></screen>
<para>Now everytime you go into X-Windows, kde2 will be your
desktop.</para>
<para>Now everytime you go into X-Windows, KDE2 will be your
desktop. (Note: this will not work if you're logging in via
a display manager like <filename>xdm</filename>. In that
case you have two options: create an
<filename>.xsession</filename> file as described in the
section on <link linkend="x11-wm-gnome">GNOME</link>, but
with the <filename>/usr/X11R6/bin/startkde</filename>
command instead of the <filename>gnome-wm</filename>
command; or, configure your display manager to allow
choosing a desktop at login time. Below it is explained how
to do this for <filename>kdm</filename>, KDE's display
manager.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="x11-wm-kde2-details">
<title>More details on KDE2</title>
<para>Now that KDE2 is installed on your system, you'll find
that you can learn a lot from its help pages, or just by
pointing and clicking at various menus. Windows or Mac
users will feel quite at home.</para>
<para>The best reference for KDE is the on-line documentation.
KDE comes with its own web browser, Konqueror, dozens of
useful applications, and extensive documentation. This
section only discusses somewhat technical things which are
difficult to learn just by random exploration.</para>
<sect3 id="x11-wm-kde2-kdm">
<title>The KDE desktop manager</title>
<para>If you're an administrator on a multi-user system, you
may like to have a graphical login screen to welcome users.
You can use <link
linkend="x-xdm"><filename>xdm</filename></link>, as
described earlier. However, KDE includes an alternative,
kdm, which is designed to look more attractive and include
more login-time options. In particular, users can easily
choose (via a menu) which desktop environment (KDE2, GNOME,
or something else) to run at runtime. If you're slightly
adventurous and you want this added flexibility and visual
appeal, read on.</para>
<para>To begin with, run the KDE2 control panel,
<filename>kcontrol</filename>, as root. Note: it is
generally considered unsafe to run your entire X environment
as root. Instead, run your window manager as a normal user,
open a terminal window (such as <filename>xterm</filename>
or KDE's <filename>konsole</filename>, become root with
<userinput>su</userinput> (you need to be in the "wheel"
group in <filename>/etc/group</filename> for this), and then
type <userinput>kcontrol</userinput>.</para>
<para> Click on the icon on the left marked "System", then on
"Login manager". On the right you'll see various
configurable options, which the KDE manual will explain in
greater detail. Click on "sessions" on the right.
Depending on what window managers or desktop environments
you have currently installed, you can type their names in
"New type" and add them. (These are just labels so far, not
commands, so you can write "KDE" and "GNOME" rather than
"startkde" or "gnome-wm".) Include a label
"failsafe".</para>
<para> Play with the other menus as you like (those are mainly
cosmetic and self-explanatory). When you're done, click on
"Apply" at the bottom, and quit the control center.</para>
<para> To make sure kdm understands what your above labels
(KDE, GNOME etc) mean, you need to edit some more files: the
same ones used by <link linkend="x-xdm">xdm</link>. In your
terminal window, as root, edit the file
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession</filename>. You
will come across a section in the middle looking like this
(by default):</para>
<screen>
case $# in
1)
case $1 in
failsafe)
exec xterm -geometry 80x24-0-0
;;
esac
esac
</screen>
<para>You will need to add a few lines to this section.
Assuming the labels you gave earlier were KDE2 and GNOME,
the following will do:</para>
<screen>
case $# in
1)
case $1 in
KDE2)
exec /usr/X11R6/bin/startkde
;;
GNOME)
exec /usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-wm
;;
failsafe)
exec xterm -geometry 80x24-0-0
;;
esac
esac
</screen>
<para>To make sure your KDE choice of a login-time desktop
background is also honored, you will need to add the
following line to
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0</filename>:</para>
<screen>
/usr/X11R6/bin/kdmdesktop
</screen>
<para>Now, you need only to make sure kdm is started at the
next bootup. To learn how to do this, read the section on
<link linkend="x-xdm">xdm</link>, and do the same thing
replacing references to the <filename>xdm</filename> program
by <filename>kdm</filename>.</para>
<para>That's it. Your next login screen should have a pretty
face and lots of menus.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="x11-wm-kde2-antialias">
<title>Anti-aliased fonts</title>
<para>Tired of blocky staircase edges to your fonts under X11?
Tired of unreadable text in web browsers? Well, no
more.</para>
<para>Starting with version 4.0.2, XFree86 supports
anti-aliasing via its "RENDER" extension, and starting with
version 2.3, Qt (the toolkit used by KDE) supports this
extension. So if you're running up-to-date software,
anti-aliasing is possible on your KDE2 desktop. Just go to
your KDE2 menu, go to Preferences -> Look and Feel -> Style,
and click on the checkbox "Use Anti-Aliasing for Fonts and
Icons". That's all.</para>
<para>A caveat: anti-aliasing works by replacing sharp
black/white borders of fonts by shades of grey, in effect
finely blurring them. This makes very small fonts more
readable, and improves the appearance of very large fonts,
but normal-sized fonts when anti-aliased can strain the eyes
over long periods of time. It is possible to configure the
X font server to anti-alias only certain fonts and only for
certain (ranges of) font sizes; this involves editing the
file <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/Xftconfig</filename>. For
details, consult, for instance, the <ulink
url="http://keithp.com/~keithp/render/Xft.tutorial">tutorial</ulink>
by Keith Packard (who introduced the "RENDER"
extension).</para>
<para>Anti-aliasing is still new to the FreeBSD/XFree86 world,
but configuring it should become much easier with time. It
is also available with the GNOME desktop using patches to
the gtk+ toolkit; since these patches break
internationalisation support, they are not officially
included at present.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>