diff --git a/en/tutorials/newuser/newuser.sgml b/en/tutorials/newuser/newuser.sgml index 7e6bf5b6c6..a9ae37af76 100644 --- a/en/tutorials/newuser/newuser.sgml +++ b/en/tutorials/newuser/newuser.sgml @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ - +
-For People New to Both FreeBSD <em>and</em> Unix +<title>For People New to Both FreeBSD and Unix Annelise Anderson @@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ Congratulations on installing FreeBSD! This introduction is for people new to both FreeBSD -and Un*x---so it starts with basics. It assumes you're using +and Un*x—so it starts with basics. It assumes you're using version 2.0.5 or later of FreeBSD as distributed by Walnut Creek or FreeBSD.ORG, your system (for now) has a single user -(you)---and you're probably pretty good with DOS/Windows or OS/2. +(you)—and you're probably pretty good with DOS/Windows or OS/2. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ To log out (and get a new login prompt) type exit as often as necessary. Yes, press enter after commands, and remember -that Unix is case-sensitive---exit, not EXIT. +that Unix is case-sensitive—exit, not EXIT. To shut down the machine type: @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jack's login files, you'll have a hot spare in case something goes wrong. Once you've done this, use exit to get back to a login prompt and log in as jack. In general, it's a good idea to do as much work as possible as an ordinary user who doesn't have the -power---and risk---of root. +power—and risk—of root. If you already created a user and you want the user to be able to su to root, you can log in as root and edit the file /etc/group, adding @@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ will access the sources of help and information within FreeBSD. Here are some commands and what they do: id/ Tells you who you are! -pwd/ Shows you where you are---the current +pwd/ Shows you where you are—the current working directory. ls/ Lists the files in the current directory. ls -F/ Lists the files in the current directory with a * after executables, a / after directories, and an @ after symbolic links. -ls -l/ Lists the files in long format---size, +ls -l/ Lists the files in long format—size, date, permissions. ls -a/ Lists hidden (unless you're root) ``dot'' files with the others. @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Here are some commands and what they do: one level; note the space after cd. cd /usr/local goes there. cd ~ goes to - the home directory of the person logged in---e.g., + the home directory of the person logged in—e.g., /usr/home/jack. Try cd /cdrom, and then ls, to find out if your CDROM is mounted and working. @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Here are some commands and what they do: to quit scrolling. You might want to try cat on some of the dot files in your - home directory---cat .cshrc, cat .login, + home directory—cat .cshrc, cat .login, cat .profile. You'll notice aliases in .cshrc @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ csh configuration file, /etc/csh.cshrc. Getting Help and Information

Here are some useful sources of help. ``text'' stands for something of -your choice that you type in---usually a command or filename. +your choice that you type in—usually a command or filename. apropos text/ Everything containing string text @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ commands like cat, more, grep, chown, date, and script. more lets you read a page at a time as it does in DOS, e.g., ls -l | more or more filename. The -* works as a wildcard---e.g., ls w* will show +* works as a wildcard—e.g., ls w* will show you files beginning with w. Are some of these not working very well? Both locate @@ -195,14 +195,14 @@ flash messages on your screen while they're running; you can type might want to look at /var/mail/root and /var/log/messages. -Basically running such commands is part of system administration---and as +Basically running such commands is part of system administration—and as a single user of a Unix system, you're your own system administrator. Virtually everything you need to be root to do is system administration. Such responsibilities aren't covered very well even in those big fat books on Unix, which seem to devote a lot of space to pulling down menus in windows managers. You might want to get one of the two leading books on systems administration, either Evi Nemeth et.al.'s UNIX System -Administration Handbook (Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN 0-13-15051-7)---the +Administration Handbook (Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN 0-13-15051-7)—the second edition with the red cover; or Æleen Frisch's Essential System Administration (O'Reilly & Associates, 1993, ISBN 0-937175-80-3). I used Nemeth. @@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ new file with vi filename and adding and deleting text, saving the file, and calling it up again. vi delivers some surprises because it's really quite complex, and sometimes you'll inadvertently issue a command that will do something you -don't expect. (Some people actually like vi---it's more -powerful than DOS EDIT---find out about the :r command.) +don't expect. (Some people actually like vi—it's more +powerful than DOS EDIT—find out about the :r command.) Use Esc one or more times to be sure you're in command mode and proceed from there when it gives you trouble, save often with :w, and use :q! to get out and start over @@ -325,8 +325,8 @@ and copying dmesg.txt to the floppy. /sbin/dmesg is the boot log record, and it's useful to understand it because it shows what FreeBSD found when it booted up. If you ask questions on questions@freebsd.org or on -a USENET group---like ``FreeBSD isn't finding my tape drive, what do I -do?''---people will want to know what dmesg has to say. +a USENET group—like ``FreeBSD isn't finding my tape drive, what do I +do?''—people will want to know what dmesg has to say. You can now dismount the floppy drive (as root) to get the disk out with @@ -360,10 +360,10 @@ covered in the FreeBSD handbook. df/ shows file space and mounted systems. ps aux/ shows processes running. ps ax is a narrower form. lsdev/ lists configured devices -devmenu/ a menu of devices---in color! +devmenu/ a menu of devices—in color! rm filename/ remove filename rm -R dir/ removes a directory dir and all - subdirectories---careful! + subdirectories—careful! ls -R/ lists files in the current directory and all subdirectories; I used a variant, ls -AFR > where.txt, @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ binary, which is /usr/local/lib/netscape/netscape.bin. mount it with /sbin/mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0a /cdrom assuming cd0a is the device name for your CDROM drive. -Using the live file system---the second of FreeBSD's CDROM disks---is +Using the live file system—the second of FreeBSD's CDROM disks—is useful if you've got limited space. You might try using emacs or playing games from the cdrom. This involves using lndir, which gets installed with the X Window System, to tell the