diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.sgml
index 753f7f4c99..8a7dd21faa 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.sgml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.sgml
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 	<literal>src</literal>, then <literal>sys</literal>.  If you
 	have an aversion to <application>sysinstall</application> and
 	you have access to an <quote>official</quote> FreeBSD CDROM, then
-	you can also install the source from the command line :</para>
+	you can also install the source from the command line:</para>
 
       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount</userinput> /cdrom
 &prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir -p</userinput> <filename>/usr/src/sys</filename>
@@ -206,19 +206,19 @@
 
     <note>
       <para>You must execute these and all of the following commands under
-	the root account or you will get <errortype>permission
-	denied</errortype> errors.</para>
+	the <username>root</username> account or you will get
+        <errortype>permission denied</errortype> errors.</para>
     </note>
 
     <para>Now, edit <filename>MYKERNEL</filename> with your favorite text
       editor.  If you are just starting out, the only editor available
-      will probably be <command>vi</command>, which is too complex to
+      will probably be <application>vi</application>, which is too complex to
       explain here, but is covered well in many books in the <link
       linkend="bibliography">bibliography</link>.  However, FreeBSD does
-      offer an easier editor called <quote>ee</quote> which, if you are a
-      beginner, should be your editor of choice.  Feel free to change the
-      comment lines at the top to reflect your configuration or the
-      changes you have made to differentiate it from
+      offer an easier editor called <application>ee</application> which, if
+      you are a beginner, should be your editor of choice.  Feel free to
+      change the comment lines at the top to reflect your configuration or
+      the changes you have made to differentiate it from
       <filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>
     <indexterm><primary>SunOS</primary></indexterm>
 
@@ -256,7 +256,8 @@
       <listitem>
 	<para>If you are running a FreeBSD version prior to 4.0, and you are
 	  <emphasis>not</emphasis> upgrading to FreeBSD 4.0 or higher using
-	  the <quote>make world</quote> procedure, use procedure 1.</para>
+	  the <maketarget>make world</maketarget> procedure, use procedure 1.
+        </para>
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
@@ -266,8 +267,9 @@
       </listitem>
 
       <listitem>
-	<para>If you are rebuilding the kernel as part of a <quote>make
-	    world</quote> process, use procedure 2.</para>
+	<para>If you are rebuilding the kernel as part of a
+          <maketarget>make world</maketarget> process, use procedure 2.
+        </para>
       </listitem>
     </itemizedlist>
     
@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@
 	way</title>
       
       <step>
-	<para>Change to the <filename>/usr/src</filename> directory</para>
+	<para>Change to the <filename>/usr/src</filename> directory.</para>
 	
 	<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput></screen>
       </step>
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@
       <para>In FreeBSD 4.2 and older you must replace
         <literal>KERNCONF=</literal> with <literal>KERNEL=</literal>.
         4.2-STABLE that was fetched after Feb 2nd, 2001 does
-        recognize <literal>KERNCONF=</literal></para>
+        recognize <literal>KERNCONF=</literal>.</para>
     </note>
 
     <indexterm>
@@ -344,8 +346,9 @@
       tree in any way (you have not run <application>CVSup</application>, 
       <application>CTM</application>, or used 
       <application>anoncvs</application>), then you should use the 
-      <command>config</command>, <command>make depend</command>, 
-      <command>make</command>, <command>make install</command> sequence.</para>
+      <command>config</command>, <maketarget>make depend</maketarget>,
+      <command>make</command>, <maketarget>make install</maketarget> sequence.
+    </para>
 
     <indexterm>
       <primary><filename>kernel.old</filename></primary>
@@ -610,6 +613,15 @@ options          FFS_ROOT     #FFS usable as root device [keep this!]</programli
       is at a premium and disk access speed is less important, such as a
       firewall.</para>
 
+    <programlisting>options          SOFTUPDATES  #Enable FFS soft updates support</programlisting>
+
+    <para>This option enables soft updates in the kernel, this will help speed
+      up write access on the disks.  They enabled by default in the 4.X branch
+      but may not be turned on.  Review the output from &man.mount.8; to see
+      if you have them enabled.  If you do not see the soft-updates option then
+      you will need to activate it using the &man.tunefs.8; or &man.newfs.8;
+      for new filesystems.</para>      
+
     <programlisting>options          MFS          #Memory Filesystem
 options          MD_ROOT      #MD is a potential root device</programlisting>
 
@@ -737,8 +749,8 @@ options          CD9660_ROOT  #CD-ROM usable as root, CD9660 required</programli
 options 	_KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING</programlisting>
 
     <para>Real-time extensions added in the 1993 POSIX.  Certain
-      applications in the ports collection use these (such as Star
-      Office).</para>
+      applications in the ports collection use these
+      (such as <application>StarOffice</application>).</para>
 
     <indexterm>
       <primary>kernel options</primary>
@@ -1021,7 +1033,7 @@ device          miibus     # MII bus support</programlisting>
       <literal>device miibus</literal> to the kernel config pulls in
       support for the generic miibus API and all of the PHY drivers,
       including a generic one for PHYs that are not specifically handled
-      by an individual driver</para>
+      by an individual driver.</para>
 
     <programlisting>device          dc         # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
 device          rl         # RealTek 8129/8139
@@ -1303,13 +1315,13 @@ pseudo-device   bpf           # Berkeley packet filter</programlisting>
 	    an excellent mechanism for recovering from incompatible
 	    kernels.  Simply choose the kernel you want to boot from at
 	    the FreeBSD boot loader. You can access this when the system
-	    counts down from 10.  Hit any key except for the enter key,
-            type <command>unload</command> and then type
-	    <command>boot
-	    <replaceable>kernel.old</replaceable></command>, or the
-	    filename of any other kernel that will boot properly. When
-	    reconfiguring a kernel, it is always a good idea to keep a
-	    kernel that is known to work on hand.</para>
+	    counts down from 10.  Hit any key except for the
+            <keycap>enter</keycap> key, type <command>unload</command>
+            and then type
+	    <command>boot<replaceable>kernel.old</replaceable></command>,
+            or the filename of any other kernel that will boot properly.
+            When reconfiguring a kernel, it is always a good idea to keep
+            a kernel that is known to work on hand.</para>
 
 	  <para>After booting with a good kernel you can check over your
 	    configuration file and try to build it again.  One helpful