Editorial review of XDM section.
Sponsored by: iXsystems
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Dru Lavigne
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svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=44742
1 changed files with 96 additions and 186 deletions
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@ -804,91 +804,66 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 xml:id="x-xdm">
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<!--
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<sect1info>
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<info>
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<title>The X Display Manager</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<personname>
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<firstname>Seth</firstname>
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<surname>Kingsley</surname>
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</personname>
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<contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</sect1info>
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-->
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<title>The X Display Manager</title>
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<sect2>
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<title>Overview</title>
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</info>
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<indexterm><primary>X Display Manager</primary></indexterm>
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<para>The X Display Manager (<application>XDM</application>)
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is an optional part of the X Window System that is used for
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login session management. This is useful for several types
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of situations, including minimal <quote>X Terminals</quote>,
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desktops, and large network display servers. Since the X
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Window System is network and protocol independent, there are
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a wide variety of possible configurations for running X
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clients and servers on different machines connected by a
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network. <application>XDM</application> provides a graphical
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interface for choosing which display server to connect to,
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and entering authorization information such as a login and
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<para><application>&xorg;</application> provides an X Display
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Manager, <application>XDM</application>, which can be used for
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login session management. <application>XDM</application> provides a graphical
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interface for choosing which display server to connect to
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and for entering authorization information such as a login and
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password combination.</para>
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<para>Think of <application>XDM</application> as providing the
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same functionality to the user as the &man.getty.8; utility
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(see <xref linkend="term-config"/> for details). That is, it
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performs system logins to the display being connected to and
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then runs a session manager on behalf of the user (usually an
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X window manager). <application>XDM</application> then waits
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for this program to exit, signaling that the user is done and
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should be logged out of the display. At this point,
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<application>XDM</application> can display the login and
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display chooser screens for the next user to login.</para>
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</sect2>
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<para> This section demonstrates how to configure the X Display
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Manager on &os;. Some desktop environments provide their own
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graphical login manager. Refer to <xref
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linkend="x11-wm-gnome"/> for instructions on how to
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configure the GNOME Display Manager and <xref
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linkend="x11-wm-kde"/> for instructions on how to configure
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the KDE Display Manager.</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>Using XDM</title>
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<title>Configuring <application>XDM</application></title>
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<para>To start using <application>XDM</application>, install
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the <package>x11/xdm</package> port (it is not installed by
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default in recent versions of
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<application>&xorg;</application>). The
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<application>XDM</application> daemon program may then be
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found in <filename>/usr/local/bin/xdm</filename>. This
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program can be run at any time as <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem> and it will start
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managing the X display on the local machine. If
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<application>XDM</application> is to be run every time the
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machine boots up, a convenient way to do this is by adding an
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entry to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. For more information
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about the format and usage of this file, see <xref
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linkend="term-etcttys"/>. There is a line in the default
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<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> file for running the
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<application>XDM</application> daemon on a virtual
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terminal:</para>
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<para>To install <application>XDM</application>, use the
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<package>x11/xdm</package> package or port. Once installed,
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<application>XDM</application> can be configured to run when the
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machine boots up by editing this
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entry in <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>:</para>
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<screen>ttyv8 "/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon" xterm off secure</screen>
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<para>By default this entry is disabled; in order to enable it
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change field 5 from <literal>off</literal> to
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<literal>on</literal> and restart &man.init.8; using the
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directions in <xref linkend="term-hup"/>. The first field,
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the name of the terminal this program will manage, is
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<literal>ttyv8</literal>. This means that
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<application>XDM</application> will start running on the 9th
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<para>Change the <literal>off</literal> to
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<literal>on</literal> and save the edit. The
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<literal>ttyv8</literal> in this entry indicates that
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<application>XDM</application> will run on the ninth
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virtual terminal.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Configuring XDM</title>
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<para>The <application>XDM</application> configuration directory
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is located in <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm</filename>. In
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this directory there are several files used to change the
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behavior and appearance of <application>XDM</application>.
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Typically these files will be found:</para>
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is located in <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm</filename>.
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This directory contains several files used to change the
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behavior and appearance of <application>XDM</application>, as
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well as a few scripts and programs used to set up the desktop
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when <application>XDM</application> is running. <xref
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linkend="xdm-config-files"/> summarizes the function of
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each of these files. The exact syntax and usage of these
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files is described in &man.xdm.1;.</para>
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<table frame="none" pgwide="1" xml:id="xdm-config-files">
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<title>XDM Configuration Files</title>
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<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row>
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@ -900,29 +875,54 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>Xaccess</filename></entry>
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<entry>Client authorization ruleset.</entry>
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<entry>The protocol for connecting to
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<application>XDM</application> is called the X Display
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Manager Connection Protocol (<acronym>XDMCP</acronym>)
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This file is a client authorization ruleset for
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controlling <acronym>XDMCP</acronym> connections from
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remote machines. By default, this file does not allow
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any remote clients to connect.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>Xresources</filename></entry>
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<entry>Default X resource values.</entry>
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<entry>This file controls the look and feel of the
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<application>XDM</application> display chooser and
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login screens. The default configuration is a simple
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rectangular login window with the hostname of the
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machine displayed at the top in a large font and
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<quote>Login:</quote> and <quote>Password:</quote>
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prompts below. The format of this file is identical
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to the app-defaults file described in the
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<application>&xorg;</application>
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documentation.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>Xservers</filename></entry>
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<entry>List of remote and local displays to
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manage.</entry>
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<entry>The list of local and remote displays the chooser
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should provide as login choices.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>Xsession</filename></entry>
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<entry>Default session script for logins.</entry>
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<entry>Default session script for logins which is run by
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<application>XDM</application> after a user has logged
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in. Normally each user will have a customized session
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script in <filename>~/.xsession</filename> that
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overrides this script</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>Xsetup_</filename>*</entry>
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<entry>Script to launch applications before the login
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interface.</entry>
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<entry>Script to automatically launch applications
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before displaying the chooser or login interfaces.
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There is a script for each display being used, named
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<filename>Xsetup_*</filename>, where
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<literal>*</literal> is the local display number.
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Typically these scripts run one or two programs in the
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background such as
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<command>xconsole</command>.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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@ -933,137 +933,47 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>xdm-errors</filename></entry>
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<entry>Errors generated by the server program.</entry>
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<entry>Contains errors generated by the server program.
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If a display that <application>XDM</application> is
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trying to start hangs, look at this file for error
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messages. These messages are also written to the
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user's <filename>~/.xsession-errors</filename> file on
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a per-session basis.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>xdm-pid</filename></entry>
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<entry>The process ID of the currently running
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XDM.</entry>
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<entry>The running process <acronym>ID</acronym> of
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<application>XDM</application>.</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>Also in this directory are a few scripts and programs
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used to set up the desktop when <application>XDM</application>
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is running. The purpose of each of these files will be
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briefly described. The exact syntax and usage of all of these
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files is described in &man.xdm.1;.</para>
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<para>The default configuration is a simple rectangular login
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window with the hostname of the machine displayed at the top
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in a large font and <quote>Login:</quote> and
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<quote>Password:</quote> prompts below. This is a good
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starting point for changing the look and feel of
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<application>XDM</application> screens.</para>
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<sect3>
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<title>Xaccess</title>
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<para>The protocol for connecting to
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<application>XDM</application>-controlled displays is
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called the X Display Manager Connection Protocol (XDMCP).
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This file is a ruleset for controlling XDMCP connections
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from remote machines. It is ignored unless the
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<filename>xdm-config</filename> is changed to listen for
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remote connections. By default, it does not allow any
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clients to connect.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Xresources</title>
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<para>This is an application-defaults file for the display
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chooser and login screens. In it, the appearance
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of the login program can be modified. The format is
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identical to the app-defaults file described in the
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<application>&xorg;</application> documentation.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Xservers</title>
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<para>This is a list of the remote displays the chooser should
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provide as choices.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Xsession</title>
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<para>This is the default session script for
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<application>XDM</application> to run after a user has
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logged in. Normally each user will have a customized
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session script in <filename>~/.xsession</filename> that
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overrides this script.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Xsetup_*</title>
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<para>These will be run automatically before displaying the
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chooser or login interfaces. There is a script for each
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display being used, named <filename>Xsetup_</filename>
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followed by the local display number (for instance
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<filename>Xsetup_0</filename>). Typically these scripts
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will run one or two programs in the background such as
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<command>xconsole</command>.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>xdm-config</title>
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<para>This contains settings in the form of app-defaults
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that are applicable to every display that this installation
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manages.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>xdm-errors</title>
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<para>This contains the output of the X servers that
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<application>XDM</application> is trying to run. If a
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display that <application>XDM</application> is trying to
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start hangs for some reason, this is a good place to look
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for error messages. These messages are also written to the
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user's <filename>~/.xsession-errors</filename> file on a
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per-session basis.</para>
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</sect3>
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</table>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Running a Network Display Server</title>
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<title>Configuring Remote Access</title>
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<para>In order for other clients to connect to the display
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server, you must edit the access control rules and enable
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the connection listener. By default these are set to
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conservative values. To make <application>XDM</application>
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listen for connections, first comment out a line in the
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<filename>xdm-config</filename> file:</para>
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<para>By default, only users on the same system can login using
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<application>XDM</application>. To enable users on
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other systems to connect to the display
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server, edit the access control rules and enable
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the connection listener.</para>
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<para>To configure <application>XDM</application> to
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listen for any remote connection, comment out the
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<literal>DisplayManager.requestPort</literal> line in
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<filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-config</filename> by
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putting a <literal>!</literal> in front of it:</para>
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<screen>! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests
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! Comment out this line if you want to manage X terminals with xdm
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DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
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<para>and then restart <application>XDM</application>.
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Remember that comments in app-defaults files begin with a
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<quote>!</quote> character, not the usual <quote>#</quote>.
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More strict access controls may be desired — look at the
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example entries in <filename>Xaccess</filename>, and refer to
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the &man.xdm.1; manual page for further information.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Replacements for XDM</title>
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<para>Several replacements for the default
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<application>XDM</application> program exist. One of them,
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<application>KDM</application> (bundled with
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<application>KDE</application>) is described later in this
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chapter. The <application>KDM</application> display manager
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offers many visual improvements and cosmetic frills, as well
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as the functionality to allow users to choose their window
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manager of choice at login time.</para>
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<para>Save the edits and restart <application>XDM</application>.
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To restrict remote access, look at the
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example entries in <filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/Xaccess</filename> and refer to
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&man.xdm.1; for further information.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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