diff --git a/zh/FAQ/FAQ.sgml b/zh/FAQ/FAQ.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5ef21aee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/FAQ.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<!-- $Id: FAQ.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by --> +<!-- English Version: 1.101 --> + +<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN" [ +<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "includes.sgml"> %includes; +<!ENTITY preface SYSTEM "preface.sgml"> +<!ENTITY install SYSTEM "install.sgml"> +<!ENTITY hardware SYSTEM "hardware.sgml"> +<!ENTITY troubleshoot SYSTEM "troubleshoot.sgml"> +<!ENTITY commercial SYSTEM "commercial.sgml"> +<!ENTITY applications SYSTEM "applications.sgml"> +<!ENTITY kernelconfig SYSTEM "kernelconfig.sgml"> +<!ENTITY admin SYSTEM "admin.sgml"> +<!ENTITY x SYSTEM "x.sgml"> +<!ENTITY network SYSTEM "network.sgml"> +<!ENTITY serial SYSTEM "serial.sgml"> +<!ENTITY misc SYSTEM "misc.sgml"> +<!ENTITY hackers SYSTEM "hackers.sgml"> +<!ENTITY acknowledgments SYSTEM "acknowledgments.sgml"> +]> + +<article> + + <title>Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.X</title> + <author> + <name>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</name> + </author> + + <date>$Date: 1999-01-30 23:20:34 $</date> + + <abstract> + This is the FAQ for FreeBSD systems version 2.X All entries are + assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0.5 and later, unless otherwise noted. + Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. + If you are interested in helping with this project, send + email to the the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list <htmlurl + url="mailto:freebsd-doc@freebsd.org" name="<freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG>">. + The latest version of this document is always available from the <url + url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/" name="FreeBSD World Wide Web server">. + It may also be downloaded in <url url="FAQ.latin1" name="plain text">, + <url url="FAQ.ps" name="postscript">, + <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/docs/FAQ.pdf" name="PDF"> + or <url url="FAQ-html.tar.gz" + name="HTML"> with HTTP or gzip'd from the <url + url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/docs" name="FreeBSD FTP server">. + You may also want to <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/search/search.html" name="Search the FAQ">. + + </abstract> + + <toc> + +&preface; +&install; +&hardware; +&troubleshoot; +&commercial; +&applications; +&kernelconfig; +&admin; +&x; +&network; +&serial; +&misc; +&hackers; +&acknowledgments; + +</article> diff --git a/zh/FAQ/Makefile b/zh/FAQ/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4df134966d --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ + +.NOTPARALLEL: + +SGMLOPTS=-links -e big5 +DOC= FAQ +SRCS= FAQ.sgml acknowledgments.sgml admin.sgml applications.sgml +SRCS+= commercial.sgml hackers.sgml hardware.sgml install.sgml +SRCS+= kernelconfig.sgml misc.sgml network.sgml preface.sgml +SRCS+= serial.sgml troubleshoot.sgml x.sgml + +.include <bsd.sgml.mk> diff --git a/zh/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml b/zh/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..377c4c3f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +<!-- $Id: acknowledgments.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.1 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�P��<label id="acknowledgments"></heading> + + <p> + <verb> + ���p�z�b�o�� FAQ �������~���a��, �άO�z�Q�W�[�Ǭƻ�, + �мg�ʫH�� <FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. �ڭ̫D�`�P�±z����ij, + �]���z����ij���o������ܱo��n! + + + FreeBSD Core Team + </verb> + + <descrip> + <tag/Jordan Hubbard/ + ��������s�L�ɪ� FAQ. + + <tag/Doug White/ + �g�`�b freebsd-questions �W�^�����D + + <tag/Joerg Wunsch/ + �g�`�b Usenet �W�^�����D + + <tag/Garrett Wollman/ + Networking and formatting + + <tag/Jim Lowe/ + Multicast information + + <tag/Peter da Silva/ + FreeBSD FAQ �o������r�W�u + + <tag/The FreeBSD Team/ + Kvetching, moaning, submitting data + </descrip> + + <p>��Ǵ��g��o�� FAQ �������U, �ӧڭ̨S���쪺�H��, �ڭ̥ѰJ���P�±z! + </sect> diff --git a/zh/FAQ/admin.sgml b/zh/FAQ/admin.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e13f733bca --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/admin.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,810 @@ +<!-- $Id: admin.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.12 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�t�κz<label id="admin"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�t�ΰ_�l�]�w�ɦb���H</heading> + + <p>�q 2.0.5R �� 2.2.1R�A�D�n���]�w�ɬO <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>�C + �Ҧ����ﶵ���Q�w�q�b�o���ɡA�Ө�L�� <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="/etc/rc"> + �M <tt>/etc/netstart</tt> �u�O�ޥΥ��C + + <p>�[�� <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> �o���ɨíץ���ȥH�A�X�A���t�ΡC + �o���ɥε��ѶH���ܦ�B�ө�m����]�w�C + + <p>�b 2.2.1 �M 3.0 �H��A<tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> ��W���@�ӧ�e + ���y�z���ɦW�s <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" name="rc.conf"> + �A�åB�y�k�i�Ʀ��u�Ѥ@�Ӧ줸�C<tt>/etc/netstart</tt> ���W�� + <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> �]���Ҧ����ɮ׳��i�H�� <tt><htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cp" name="cp"> /usr/src/etc/rc* + /etc</tt> �ӫ����C + + <p><tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> �X�{�åi�H�ΨӱҰ��B�~�����a�A�ȹ��O + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^inn" name="INN"> + �άY�ǭӤH�ﶵ�C + + <p><tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> �ΨӪ�l�ƧǦC��(���O����𪺯S�ʵ��^�C + + <p><tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt> �O Intel �S�����]�w�A���O iBCS2 �����άO PC + �t�ΥD���x�]�w�C + + <p>�� 2.1.0R �}�l�A�A�]�i�H�b <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (�� + <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>) �̫��w�ؿ��֦�"���a"�_�l�ɡG + + <verb> + # Location of local startup files. + local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d + </verb> + + <p>�C�ӥH <tt/.sh/ �������ɱN�H�r�����dzQ����C + + <p>���p�A�Q�T�O�Y�Ӱ��涶�ǤS���Q��Ҧ����ɦW�A�A�i�H�ϥΤ@��²�� + ���[�c�p�U�A�Q�Ψƥ��w�ƨ�C���ɦW�e���Ʀr�ӽT�O���ǡG + + <verb> + 10news.sh + 15httpd.sh + 20ssh.sh + </verb> + + <p>�o�i��ݰ_�Ӧ��I��(������ SysV :-)) ���O�����Ѥ@��²��ӳW�ߪ� + �[�c�����a�[�J���M���s�� <tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> �N�୫�s�� + �ǡC�\�h�� ports/packages ���] <tt>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt> �O + ���a�_�l���ؿ��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӦp��²��a�[�J�ϥΪ̡S</heading> + + <p>�ϥ� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?adduser" + name="adduser"> ���O�C + + <p>�t�~�]���ӮM��s ``<tt/new-account/'' �� Ollivier Robert �H + Perl �g�X�C�i�V <tt><roberto@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> �߰ݥ��C + �ثe���b�o�i���q�C + + <p>�n�A�������ϥΪ̡A�ϥ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser" name="rmuser"> ���O�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ���s�w�Х[�J FreeBSD �t�Τ��S</heading> + + <p>��� <url url="../tutorials/diskformat/" name="www.freebsd.org"> + ���ϺЮ榡�ƫ��ɤ��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڦ��@�ӷs���i�����˸m�A�ڸӫ��ϥΡS</heading> + + <p>�i�����˸m�L�O ZIP �� EZ(�άƦܬO�n�о��A�p�G�A�n�o�˨ϥ� + ��)�A�άO�@�ӷs���w�СA�u�n�O�w�˨åѨt�έ��աA�ӧA���Ϥ��X + /�n�Ф�/�Ψ�L�F��i�H���J�A���o�Ǹ˸m���G���O�����\��F + ��C + + <p><label id="disklabel">(���`�D�n�� <url + url="http://www.vmunix.com/mark/FreeBSD/ZIP-FAQ.html" + name="Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ"> �ޤJ) + + <p>���p�O ZIP �γn�о��A�A�w�g�b�W���� DOS �ɮרt�ΡA�i�H�ϥ� + ���o�˪��R�O�G + + <verb> + mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�u�O�n�о��A���N�o�ˡG + + <verb> + mount -t msdos /dev/sd2s4 /zip + </verb> + + <p>�� ZIP �Ϥ��ӻ��O�ϥΥX�t�w�]�ȡC + + <p>��L�Ϥ��A�� <tt/fdisk/ �� <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> ��� + �p��t�m�C + + <p>���U�ӳo�ӽd�ҬO ZIP �˦b sd2�A�ĤT�� SCSI �ϺСC + + <p>�����n�о��A�Τ@�ӧA�p�e���L�H���ɨϥΪ��i�����˸m�A�� + BSD �ɮרt�γe�復�i��O�@�Ӥ���n���D�N�C�A�N�֦����ɦW�䴩 + �A�ܤ֨⭿�H�W���IJv�W�i�A��í�w�סC�����A�A�ݭn���s�s�@ + DOS �h�����ΰ�/�ɮרt�ΡC�A�i�H�ϥ� <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk" name="fdisk"> �� + <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt>�A�ι�@�ӧA���Q�䴩�h���@�~�t�Ϊ� + �p�ϺСA�u�n�⥦��������� FAT ���Ϊ�(slices)�åΥH�U BSD �� + �Ϊk�G + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd2 count=2 + disklabel -Brw sd2 auto + </verb> + + <p>�A�i�H�ϥ� disklabel �� <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> �h�إߦh�� + BSD ���ΰϡC�L�ê��p�G�A���b�w�о��W�W�[�m���Ŷ�(swap space)�� + �A�N�ݭn�o�A���O�b�i�����˸m�p ZIP �W�o�O�L�N�q���C + + <p>�̫�A�إߤ@�ӷs���ɮרt�ΡC�b ZIP �˸m�W�O�ϥξ�ӺϺСG + + <verb> + newfs /dev/rsd2c + </verb> + + <p>�åB�⥦���W(mount)�G + + <verb> + mount /dev/sd2c /zip + </verb> + + <p>�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fstab" + name="/etc/fstab"> �[�W�U���o�@��i��O�@�Ӧn�D�N�A�A�H��N�u + �n��"mount /zip" : + + <verb> + /dev/sd2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ�W���n�� DOS ���ΰϡS</heading> + + <p>���n DOS ���ΰϬO�b�Ҧ��D�n���ΰϤ���Q���A�|�ҡA�p�G�A���@�� + "E" ���ΰϦb�ĤG�� SCSI �˸m���ĤG�� DOS ���ΰϡA�A�ݭn�b /dev �U + �إ� "slice 5" ���S���ɮסA�M�᱾�W /dev/sd1s5�G + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV sd1s5 + # mount -t msdos /dev/sd1s5 /dos/e + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b FreeBSD �U���W��L������ɮרt�ζܡS</heading> + + <p><bf/ Digital UNIX/ UFS ���о��i�H�������b FreeBSD �W�C�q Digital + UNIX �M��L�䴩 UFS �榡���t�α��W�ϺФ��ΰ����ӧ�����A�D�n�Ӹ` + �O�̿�@�~�t�Ϊ��ϺФ��Ϊk�C + + <p><bf/ Linux/: 2.2 �ΥH�᪺�����䴩 <bf/ext2fs/ ���ΰϡA�Ьd�\ + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount_ext2fs" + name="mount_ext2fs"> ����h��T�C + + <p>���ѥ���o�ӥD�D����L��T�N�Q�����C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӦp��ϥ� NT loader �ӱҰ� FreeBSD�S</heading> + + <p>�̴��M���Q�k�O��A�� native FreeBSD root ���ΰ� + ���Ĥ@�Ӻϰϫ����� DOS/NT ���ΰϸ̪��@���ɮפ��C���] + �A�R�W���G<tt>c:\bootsect.bsd</tt> + (�� <tt>c:\bootsect.dos</tt> �·N�Ө�)�A���ۧA�i�H�s�� + <tt>c:\boot.ini</tt> �ɮפ��e�p�U�G + + <verb> + [boot loader] + timeout=30 + default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS + [operating systems] + multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT" + C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD" + C:\="DOS" + </verb> + + <p>���{�ǰ��] DOS�ANT�AFreeBSD�A�Ψ�L�@�~�t�Τw�g�Q�w�˦b + <bf/�P�@��/ �ϺЪ��U�ۤ��ΰϡC���Ҥ��ڪ� DOS & NT �O�b�Ĥ@ + �Ӥ��ΰϦ� FreeBSD �b�ĤG�ӡC�ڤ]�� FreeBSD �w�˦��� native + partition �ҰʡA<bf/�Ӥ��O/ �q�ϺЪ� MBR�C + + <p>���W�@�� DOS �榡�ƪ��n�С]���p�A�w�g�ഫ�� NTFS�^�� FAT ���ΰ� + �� <tt>/mnt</tt>�G + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/rsd0a of=/mnt/bootsect.bsd bs=512 count=1 + </verb> + + <p>���s�}���i�J DOS �� NT�CNTFS �ϥΪ̧� <tt/bootsect.bsd/ �H��/�� + <tt/bootsect.lnx/ �q�n�Ы����� <tt/C:\/�C�ק� <tt/boot.ini/ + ���ݩ�(�s���\�i)�G + + <verb> + attrib -s -r c:\boot.ini + </verb> + + <p>�s��ñq <tt/boot.ini/ ���d�ҤW�[�J�����A�������ءA�A���ݩʦ^�_ + �G + + <verb> + attrib -r -s c:\boot.ini + </verb> + + <p>�p�G FreeBSD �O�� MBR �ҰʡA�b�A���s�]�w�q���ӭ�ͤ��ΰϱҰʫ� + �� DOS ���� ``<tt/fdisk/'' �R�O�^�_���G + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڸӫ��� LILO �Ұ� FreeBSD �M Linux�S + </heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�b�P�@�ӺϺо��̦� FreeBSD �M Linux�A�u�n���H LILO ���w + �˫��O�A�q�@�ӫD Linux �@�~�t�αҰʡC²�������p�U�G + + <p>�Ұ� Linux�A�æb <tt>/etc/lilo.conf</tt> ���[�J�H�U�X��G + <verb> + other=/dev/hda2 + table=/dev/hda + label=FreeBSD + </verb> + �]�W���O���]�A�� FreeBSD slice �b Linux �O <tt>/dev/hda2</tt>�F�� + �t�X�ۤv���]�w�^�C�M��A�� root ���� <tt>lilo</tt> ���ӴN�����F�C + + <p>���p FreeBSD �b�t�~�@�ӺϺСA�A�����b LILO �ﶵ���[�J + ``<tt>loader=/boot/chain.b</tt>''�A�|�ҡG + <verb> + other=/dev/sdb4 + table=/dev/sdb + loader=/boot/chain.b + label=FreeBSD + </verb> + + <p>�Y�DZ��ΧA�������w BIOS �ϺХN���� FreeBSD �Ұʸ��J�{���H��q�� + �G�ϺЦ��\���ҰʡC�|�ҡA���p�A�� FreeBSD SCSI �ϺЦb BIOS ������ + �O BIOS disk 1�A���b FreeBSD �Ұʸ��J�{�������ܸ��X�{�ɧA������ + �w�G + <verb> + Boot: 1:sd(0,a)/kernel + </verb> + + <p>�b FreeBSD 2.2.5 �M���᪺�����A�A�i�H�]�w <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?boot(8)" name="boot(8)"> + �o�˨C���ҰʮɴN�|�۰����A����C + + <p><htmlurl url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html" + name="Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO"> �O FreeBSD �M Linux �@�ξާ@���}�n + �ѦҤ��C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ګ��ϥ� BootEasy �ӱҰ� FreeBSD �M Linux�S + </heading> + + <p>�b�A�� Linux �Ұʤ��ΰϦw�� LILO ���N�D�n�Ұʸ��(Master Boot + Record)�C���ۧA�i�H�q BootEasy �Ұ� LILO�C + + <p>���p�A���b���� Windows-95 �M Linux�A�o�O�@�ӫ�ij��k�G�n��²�檺 + �q Linux �A���Ұʦb��A�O�_���ӭ��s�w�� Windows95�]�o�O�@�ӵ��� + ���@�~�t�ΡA������������L�@�~�t�Φs�b��D�n�ҰʰO�����^�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �@�өҿ�``�M�I�^�m''���ϺЦ��`�ܡS + </heading> + + <p><label id="dedicate">�w�˵{�Ǥ��\�A��ܨ�ؤ��P����k�Ӥ��ΧA�� + �Ϻо��C���w��k�O�b�P�@�x�����W�M��L�@�~�t�Υi�H�ۮe�A���O + �ϥ� fdisk table entries(FreeBSD �̺٤���``slices'')�AFreeBSD + �� slice �N�O�ϥξ�Ӧۤv�����ΰϡC�i�ѿ�ܪ��O�A�A�i�H��ܦw�� + �Ұʿ�ܾ�(boot-selector) �b�Ϻо����ƭӥi��@�~�t�ΤW�Ӧ^�����C + + <p>�{�b�A�o�O�Y�DZ`�����ΡA�H�̥u�� PC ���ϥέI���C��h���Ӵ��ϥ� + Unix �S�Q������]�w�u���� FreeBSD ���H�A�j�h�|�ζDz� Unix ���� + �k���@�ӧ@�~�t�Φ��ھ�ӺϺСA�q�̶}�Y���Ĥ@�ӺϰϨ�̫�@�ӡC + �@�ӯu�ꪺ fdisk table �æb�o�ӱ��Τ��èS�����\�ΡA�����W�@�� + 24 �p�ɡA�C�g�C�ѵL�ɤ���a���b���� FreeBSD�A�ƦܨS���Ұʨ�L�@ + �~�t�ΡC�]���A�p�G�A�b sysinstall �� fdsik �s�边�̿�� + ``A)ll FreeBSD''�A�å� ``No'' �^���U�@�Ӱ��D�A�A�N�O�b�o�ؼҦ��� + �C�ȱo�`�N���O�o�N�� BSD bootstrap �]�ѳo�x�Ϻо��� MBR �Ҳ��͡A + �]���S���d�U�Ŷ�����L���O�Ұʺz�����{���C���n�յۥh�w�˥��A�� + �M�A�|�� BSD bootsrtap ���a�F�C + + <p>�]������s��``�M�I��''�S�@�ӳB��o�ؼҦ����Ϻо����]�t�N�Q�� + �` PC ���ε{���������Ī� fdisk table�C�̴`���̳Q�]�p���Ҧ��A�u + �n���̦b�o�ˤ@�ӺϺо����@���QIJ�Υi��N�|���Ϳ��~�����ܡA�Χ� + �V�|���A�i�ॼ�g���ܩγq���A�N�� FreeBSD bootstrap ���a�C�@�Ǧb + PC �W�s�x�ϥΪ��@�~�t�δN���o�� ``�ϥΪ̤��͵���'' ���s�b(���M + �A���̺٤���``�ϥΪ̪��͵���'')�C�ܤ֤w���b HP Netservers �W�� + Award BIOS(���ä��O�ߤ@���S��)�N�O�|�������{���S������ + fdisk �C�����w�СC�o�ɭP���ҰʮɡA²���������L�o�ˤ@�ӺϺи˸m�A + ������n�о��A�M��u�O��A�R��``Ū�����~''���T���C�����H�L�H�` + ��a�S�γ\�L�̤]�s�o��``�ϥΪ̤͵���''�A�֪��D�S + + <p>�o�ؼҦ����n�B�O�GFreeBSD �֦���ӺϺСA���ݭn�]�� 1980 �~�N + ²�������μҦ��j���@�ǤH�y�Ӳ{�b�ݰ_�ӵL�N�q������b�o�Ǥ��θ� + ���Q�����A���O�n�X�ӵ�����``�ϭy''�C�o�ǭ���ɱ`�ɭP�i���ܦ� + PC �� OS �w�˹L�{���̤j���Y�h�A�X��ǿ��~���f�t�o��Ӯt������ + ���G�A�O�b fdisk �C�����x�s���θ�T�ɹL�Ѫ���k�C�Ьd�\ + <ref id="missing_os" name="Missing Operating System">�C + �b``�����^�m''���Ҧ��U�ABSD bootstrap �q�ϰ� 0 �}�l�A�o�O�ߤ@ + ���ഫ�P�@�� C/H/S �Ȫ��ϰϡA���ާA�� BIOS �p��``�ഫ''�A���� + �СC�]���A�A�]�i�H�b�t��/��������H�@�ؤ��P���ഫ�[�c�m���� + �СA�Ӥ����Ӿᥢ�ѫ�Ϻо��A�]���|�Ұʪ����I�C + + <p>�n��``�M�I�^�m''���ϺЦ^�_�쥿�` PC �ϥΡA�W����ӿ�ܡC + �Ĥ@�ӬO�A�⨬���� NULL �줸�ռg�J MBR �T�O�����H�᪺�w�˵{ + ���۫H�o�u�O�@�Ӫťժ��ϺСC�|�Ҩӻ��A�i�H�o�˰��G + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd0 count=15 + </verb> + + <p>�άO�ĥΥt�~�@�ӡA�D������ DOS ``�S��''�G + + <verb> + fdisk /mbr + </verb> + + <p>�o�N�|�w�ˤ@�ӥ��s���D�n�ҰʰO���A�]���|�}�a BSD bootstrap�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڦp���[�J��h���m���Ŷ��S</heading> + + <p>�̦n����k�O�W�[�A�m�����ΰϪ��j�p�A�ΧQ�γo�Ӥ�K�z�Ѫ��n�B�h + �W�[�t�@�ӵw�СC + + <p>�b�������ϺФW�W�[�m���Ŷ��|���¦a�b�P�@�ӺϺХ[�J�m���Ŷ� + ���IJv�Ӫ��֤@�I�C�|�@�ӨҤl�ӻ��A�p�G�A���b�@�ӺϺи̽sĶ�� + ���{���A�Ӹm���Ŷ��b�t�@�ӺϺСA�o�|��m���Ŷ���sĶ�{�����b + �P�@�ӺϺЮɨӱo�֡C�o�� SCSI �Ϻо��S�O���T�C + + <p>IDE �ϺШä����\�P�ɦb�P�@�q�D�z�s����Ӹ˸m�]FreeBSD ���䴩 + mode 4�A�]���Ҧ��� IDE �Ϻ� I/O �O``�i�{���ƪ�''�^�C�M�ӧڤ� + �|��ij�A��m���Ŷ���b���O���ϺСC�Ϻо��o��K�y�A��b�S���� + �n��ߪ��C + + <p>��A���m���ɩ�b NFS ��b�O�@�ӫ��ꪺ�D�N�A���D�A���b�@�ӫD�` + �ֳt���������ҤU����A�٭n���@�ӫܦn�����A���C + + <p>�o�̦��ӽd�ҬO�� 64MB vn-swap (<tt>/usr/swap0</tt>�A���M�A��� + ����A�Q�Ϊ��W�r�^�C + + <p>�T�w�A���֤ߵ{���إ߮ɦ��]�t�H�U�o��G + + <verb> + pseudo-device vn 1 #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) + </verb> + + <p>�b�A���]�w�ɤ��CGENERIC �o�Ӯ֤ߤw�g�]�t�o���F�C + + <enum> + <item>�إߤ@�� vn-device + + <verb> + cd /dev + sh ./MAKEDEV vn0 + </verb> + + <item>�إߤ@�Ӹm���� (<tt>/usr/swap0</tt>) + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64 + </verb> + + <item>�b <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ���Ұʸm���� + + <verb> + swapfile="/usr/swap0" # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired. + </verb> + + <item>���s�}���C + </enum> + + <p>�n���W�Ұʸm���ɡA��J�G + + <verb> + vnconfig -ce /dev/vn0c /usr/swap0 swap + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڤ��|�]�w�ڪ��L�����C</heading> + + <p>�аѾ\ Handbook �̦����C�L�������C�o���ӯ�ѨM�A�j���������D�A�Ь� + <url url="../handbook/printing.html" name="Handbook entry on printing."> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڨt�ΤW����L�t�m���F�C</heading> + + <p>kbdcontrol �{�����@�ӿﶵ�i�HŪ����L�t�m�ɮסC�b + <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> ���@�ǰt�m�ɡC��ܤ@�Ӹ�A�� + ��������Ū�����C + + <verb> + kbdcontrol -l uk.iso + </verb> + + <p> <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> �M <tt/.kbd/ ���i����ӳ��� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?kbdcontrol" + name="kbdcontrol"> ���_�w�C + + <p>�i�H�q <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" name="rc.conf">) + �ӳ]�w�A�Ьݦ��ɸ̾A�X�����ѡC + + <p>�b 2.0.5R �Ψ䤧�᪺�����A�Ҧ����r�r���A��L�����������]�w���b + <tt>/usr/share/examples/syscons</tt>�C + + <p>�H�U�O�ثe�䴩�������]�w�G + + <itemize> + <!-- generate by `kbdmap -p' --> + <item>Belgian ISO-8859-1 + <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard Codepage 850 + <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard ISO-8859-1 + <item>Danish Codepage 865 + <item>Danish ISO-8859-1 + <item>French ISO-8859-1 + <item>German Codepage 850 + <item>German ISO-8859-1 + <item>Italian ISO-8859-1 + <item>Japanese 106 + <item>Japanese 106x + <item>Latin American + <item>Norwegian ISO-8859-1 + <item>Polish ISO-8859-2 (programmer's) + <item>Russian Codepage 866 (alternative) + <item>Russian koi8-r (shift) + <item>Russian koi8-r + <item>Spanish ISO-8859-1 + <item>Swedish Codepage 850 + <item>Swedish ISO-8859-1 + <item>Swiss-German ISO-8859-1 + <item>United Kingdom Codepage 850 + <item>United Kingdom ISO-8859-1 + <item>United States of America ISO-8859-1 + <item>United States of America dvorak + <item>United States of America dvorakx + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڵL�k�� user quotas ���`�u�@�C</heading> + + <p> + <enum> + <item>���n�b '/' ���} quotas�A + + <item>�� quotas �ɩ�b�������j���m�J���ɮרt�Τ��A�|�ҡG + + <verb> + FS QUOTA FILE + /usr /usr/admin/quotas + /home /home/admin/quotas + ... + </verb> + </enum> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ� ccd �����S</heading> + + <p>�o�ر��Ϊ��x���O�G + + <verb> + # ccdconfig -C + ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format + # + </verb> + + <p>�q�`�o�|�o�ͦb�A���խn�s�� `c' ���ΰϡA�o���w�����O�O ``�L�k�ϥΪ�'' + �Cccd �Ϻлݭn����¦���ΰϫ��O�� FS_BSDFFS�A�s��A�n�յ۳s�����Ϻ� + �аO�ç����ΰϪ����O��`4.2BSD'�C + + <sect1> + <heading>����ڤ���s��� ccd ���ϺмаO�S</heading> + + <p>�o�ر��Ϊ��x���O�G + + <verb> + # disklabel ccd0 + (�o�̦L�X�Y�ǩ��㪺��ơA�ҥH�յ۽s�襦�^ + # disklabel -e ccd0 + (�s��A�x�s�A�M�����}) + disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk; + use "disklabel -r" to install initial label + # + </verb> + + <p>�o�O�]���� ccd �Ǧ^���ϺмаO�ƹ�W�O�@��``����''�ӨS���u���b�Ϻ� + �W�C�A�i�H�⥦�����g�J�ӸѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A���o�ˡG + + <verb> + # disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp + # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp + # disklabel -e ccd0 + (this will work now) + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 System V IPC �榡���O���H</heading> + + <p>�O���AFreeBSD �䴩 System V-�榡 IPC�C�o�]�A�@�ɰO����A�T���� + �H���C�A�ݭn�b�A���֤߳]�w�ɤ��[�J�U�C�X��H�Ұʥ��̡C + + <verb> + options SYSVSHM + options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory + options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores + options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging + </verb> + + <p>���s�sĶ�æw�ˡC + + <p><bf/�`�N�G/ �p�G�A�n���� GIMP �A�i��ݭn�W�[ SHMMAXPKGS ��Y�ǯ� + �ժ��ƥع��O 4096(16M!)�A256Kb �� X11R6 �@�ɰO����ӻ��w�g�R���� + ���F�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڸӦp��ϥ� sendmail �z�L UUCP �ӻ��e�l��H<label id="uucpmail"> + </heading> + + <p>���H FreeBSD �M�˦ӨӪ� sendmail �]�w�O�A�X���Ǫ����s�W���ں��� + �������x�C���ǷQ�z�L UUCP �洫���̶l���x�����t�~�w�� sendmil + ���]�w�ɮסC + + <p>��ʭק� <tt>/etc/sendmail.cf</tt> �O���沈�n���C�� 8 ���� + sendmail ���Ѥ@�ӥ��s���J�f�H�z�L�@�ǹ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?m4" name="m4"> ���B�z�N�� + ���ͳ]�w�ɡA�o�ƹ�W�O�@�Ӱ��h�������Ū��ޥ��ʳ]�w�C�A���ӥi�H�b�H + �U�ɮ̨ϥΥ��G + + <verb> + /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf + </verb> + + <p>���p�A���O�Χ��㪺�ӷ��{���w�˨t�ΡA���� sendmail �]�w���إi��w + �g�������n�X�Өӷ������ɦb���ۧA�A���]�A�w�g���W���о��A���H�U�ʧ@�G + + <verb> + cd /usr/src + tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa + </verb> + + <p>�O��W�A�o�u���ƤQ�U�Ӧ줸�ժ��j�p�C�b <tt>cf</tt> �ؿ��̪� + <tt>README</tt> �i�H���Ѥ@�� m4 �]�w�k�����СC + + <p>�H UUCP ���e�ӻ��A��ij�A�̦n�ϥ� <em>mailertable</em> �S�I�C + �غc�@�Ӹ�Ʈw�� sendmail �i�H�ϥΥ��ۤv�����|�M���C + + <p>�����A�A�����إߦۤv�� <tt>.mc</tt> �ɡC + <tt>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</tt> �ؿ��O�o���ɮת��a�C + �����A�w�g���n�X�ӽd���ɡA���]�A�w�g�R�W�ۤv���ɥs + <tt>foo.mc</tt>�A�A�n�����u�O�⥦�ഫ���@�Ӧ��Ī� + <tt>sendmail.cf</tt> �G + + <verb> + cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf + make foo.cf + cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf + </verb> + + <p>�@�Ө嫬�� <tt>.mc</tt> �ɬݰ_�ӥi��o�ˡG + + <verb> + include(`../m4/cf.m4') + VERSIONID(`Your version number') + OSTYPE(bsd4.4) + + FEATURE(nodns) + FEATURE(nocanonify) + FEATURE(mailertable) + + define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay) + define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) + + MAILER(local) + MAILER(smtp) + MAILER(uucp) + + Cw your.alias.host.name + Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP + </verb> + + <p> <em>nodns</em> �M <em>nocanonify</em> �S�ʱN�קK����b���e�l�� + �ɷ|�Ψ� DNS �����|�C<em>UUCP_RELAY</em> ���ت��X�{�z�ѫܩ_�ǡA + �N���n����F�C²�檺��J�@�Ӻ��ں����W�i�H�B�z .UUCP ���������} + ���D���W�١F�q�`�A�A�u�ݭn�b�o�̶�J�A ISP ���H��^�гB + (mail replay)�C + + <p>�A�w�g����o�̤F�A�A�ٻݭn�o�ӥs <tt>/etc/mailertable</tt> ���ɮ� + �C�@�Ө嫬���d�Ҧp�U�G + + <verb> + # + # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable + # + horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus + .interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus + interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus + .heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 + horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus + if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus + . uucp-dom:sax + </verb> + + <p>�p�A�Ҩ��A�o�O�Y�Ӭ��ͥ��ɮ̪��@�����C���T��B�z����w�}�H�� + �����ӳQ�e�X�줺�w���|�A�ӥѬY�� UUCP �F�~(UUCP neighbor)���N�A + �o�O���F``�Y�u''���e�����|�C�U�@��B�z�쥻�a�A�Ӻ������쪺�H�� + �����i�H�ϥ� SMTP�C�̫�AUUCP �F�~���� .UUCP �������쪺�O���A + ���\�@��``uucp-neighbor!recipient''��½���w�W�h�C�̫�@��h�H�@ + �ӳ�W���y�I�������A�H UUCP ���e�촣�ѷ��A���@�ɩʶl��h���� + UUCP �F�~�C�Ҧ��b <tt>uucp-dom:</tt> ����r�̪��`�I�W�٥������O + ���Ī� UUCP �F�~�A�A�i�H�� <tt>uuname</tt> �R�O�h�T�{�C + + <p>�����A�o���ɮצb�ϥΫe�����Q�ഫ�� DBM ��Ʈw�ɮסA�̦n�b + mailertable �̤W���ε��Ѽg�X�R�O�C�ӧ����o�Ӥu�@�C���A�C���A + �� mailertable ��A�`�O�ݭn����o�өR�O�C + + <p>�̫ᴣ�ܡG�p�G�A���T�w�Y�ǯS�w���H����|�i�ΡA�O�o�� <tt>-bt</tt> + �ﶵ�[�� sendmail�C�o�|�N sendmail �Ұʦb <em>address test mode</em> + �F�u�n���U ``0''�A���ۿ�J�A�Ʊ���ժ��H����|��}�C�̫�@��i�D�A�� + �Τ������H��N�z�{���A�N�z�{�����|�q���ت��D���A�H��(�i���ഫ��)��} + �C�n���}���Ҧ��Ы� Control-D�C + + <verb> + j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt + ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) + Enter <ruleset> <address> + > 0 foo@interface-business.de + rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de + ... + rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ + < @ interface-business . de > + > ^D + j@uriah 192% + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ڥμ����s�W�����ɸӫ��]�w�H�e�H<label id="ispmail"> + </heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�w�g���@�өT�w�� IP �Ʀr�A�A���ݭn�վ���w�ȡC�]�n + �A�n���w�������W�١A��L�� sendmail ���|���A�����C + + <p>�p�G�A���쪺�O�ʺA�t�m�� IP �Ʀr�Өϥμ��� <bf/ppp/ �s����� + �ں����A�A�i��w�g�b�A�� ISP �H��D���W���@�ӫH�c�C���]�A�� + ISP ����O <tt/myISP.com/�A�A���ϥΪ̦W�٬O <tt/user/�C�簲 + �]�A�٦ۤv���D���W�٬O <tt/bsd.home/ �ӧA�� ISP �i�D�A�i�H�ϥ� + <tt/relay.myISP.com/ ���@�H��^�гB�C + + <p>���F�q�A���H�c�����H��A�A�N�ݭn�w�˨��H�{���H�K�q�H�c���^�H��C + <bf/Fetchmail/ �O�@�Ӥ�������ܦ]�����䴩�\�h���P���q�T��w�A�q�` + �A�� ISP �|���� POP3�C�p�G�A��ܨϥ� user-ppp�A�A�i�H�b�s�u����� + ���\��۰ʧ���A���H��A�u�n�b <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> �̭� + �]�w�H�U�X���G + + <verb> + MYADDR: + !bg su user -c fetchmail + </verb> + + <p>�ڰ��]�A�b <tt/bsd.home/ �����W���@�� <tt/user/ ���b���C�b + <tt/bsd.home/ �����W <tt/user/ ���a�ؿ��̫إߤ@�� <tt/.fetchmailrc/ + ���ɮסG + + <verb> + poll myISP.com protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret; + </verb> + + <p>�L���ب��A�o���ɰ��F <tt/user/ �~�����ӳQ����HŪ���A�]�����]�t + �F <tt/MySecret/ �o�ӱK�X�C + + <p>���F�b�H�H�ɦ����T�����Y <bf/from:/ �A�A�����i�D sendmail �ϥ� + <tt/user@myISP.com/ �ӫD <tt/user@bsd.home/�C�A�i��|�Ʊ�i�D + sendmail �q <tt/relay.myISP.com/ �e�X�Ҧ��H��A�[�֫H��ǰe�C + + <p>�H�U�� <tt/.mc/ �����ມ���A���n�D�G + + <verb> + VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0') + OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl + FEATURE(nouucp)dnl + MAILER(local)dnl + MAILER(smtp)dnl + Cwlocalhost + Cwbsd.home + MASQUERADE_AS(`myISP.com')dnl + FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl + FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl + FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl + FEATURE(nodns)dnl + define(SMART_HOST, `relay.myISP.com') + Dmbsd.home + define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl + define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�ഫ�o�� <tt/.mc/ �ɮר� <tt/sendmail.cf/ �ɪ��ԲӲӸ`�� + �ѦҤW�@�`�C�t�~�A�b��s sendmail.cf �H�ᤣ�n�ѰO���s�Ұ� + sendmail�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�x�I�ڧѰO root ���K�X�F�I</heading> + + <p>���n��W�I�u�n���s�Ұʨt�ΡA�b boot: ���ܸ��� -s �i�J��ϥΪ̼Ҧ��C + �b�ݭn�ϥέ��� shell �ɡA���U ENTER�C�A�|�ݨ�@�� # �����ܸ��A��J + <tt>mount -u /</tt> �H���s�[�]�A�����ɮרt�Υi��Ū/�g�C���� + <tt/passwd root/ �H�� root �K�X�A�M����� <tt/exit/ �~��ҰʡC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��O�d�� Control-Alt-Delete ���୫�s�Ұʨt�ΡH + </heading> + + <p>�ק�A���b�ϥΪ��D���x��L�����A�åB��Ҧ� <tt/boot/ ������r�� + <tt/nop/ ���N�C���w����L�����O�b + <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd</tt>�C�A�i��ݭn���ժ� + �h�J <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> �hŪ���o����L�����H�T�O��ʥͮġC�� + �M�p�G�A���b�ξA�X�A���y����L�����A�A���ӽs�診�@�ӡC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��� DOS ��r�ɮ��s�榡�Ʀ� UNIX ���H</heading> + + <p>²��a�ϥγo�� perl �R�O�G + +<verb> +perl -i.bak -pe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ... +</verb> + + <p>file �N�O�n�B�z���ɮסC�o�ӭק�O�b���������A��l���ɮ|�x�s�� + ���ɦW�� .bak ���ɮסC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��ΦW�٬屼 process�H</heading> + + <p>�ϥ� <url url="/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/man.cgi?killall" name="killall(1)">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>����b root �� ACL �� su �n�������D�H + </heading> + + <p>�o�ӿ��~�O�]�� Kerberos �����{�Ҩt�ΡC�o�Ӱ��D�ä��O���Y�����O�O�H + ���СC�A�i�H�� -K �ﶵ�h���� su�A�άO���U�Ӱ��D�Ҵy�z������ + Kerberos�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ�� Kerberos�H</handing> + + <p>�n�q�t�θ̲��� Kerberos�A���˧A���b���檺 release ������ bin ���� + �C�p�G�A�� CDROM�A�A�i�H���W cd(���]�b /cdrom)�ð���G + +<verb> +cd /cdrom/bin +./install.sh +</verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��W�[�t�Ϊ������ݾ��H</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A���\�h telnet�Assh�AX �άO screen �ϥΪ̡A�A�γ\�|�Χ����� + �ݾ��A�o��ЧA���[��h�G + + <enum> + <item>�إߨæw�ˤ@�ӷs���֤ߵ{���åB�[�J�o���]�w�ɡG + + <verb> + pseudo-device pty 256 + </verb> + + <item>����o�өR�O�G + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} + </verb> + + <p>�|�y�X 256 �ӵ����ݾ����˸m�`�I�C + + <item>�s�� <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> �å[�J�ŦX 256 �Ӳݾ�����ơC������ + �ӲŦX�w�g�s�b�涵���榡�A�|�Ҩӻ��A���̬ݰ_�ӹ��G + + <verb> + ttyqc none network + </verb> + + <p>�r���]�p�����ǬO <tt>tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]</tt>�A�ϥΥ��W���ܦ��C + + <item>�ηs���֤ߵ{�����s�Ұʹq���N�i�H�F�C + </enum> + + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/applications.sgml b/zh/FAQ/applications.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b4be6dbbd --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/applications.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +<!-- $Id: applications.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by freebsd@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.18 --> + + <sect> + <heading>User Applications<label id="applications"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>��. �ڭn�b�����ڭn���{����?</heading> + + <p>�Ьݬ� <url url="../ports/" name="the ports page"> �a. + �o�䦳���w�g port �� FreeBSD ���n��C��. �ثe���W�L 1800 �ӳn��w�g�Q + port �� FreeBSD �W, �åB�C�ѳ��b�W�[��. �ҥH���ŴN�h�ݬݳo���C��, + ���M�A�]�i�H�q�\ <tt/freebsd-announce/ + <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> �o�� mailing list, �|���H�N + �C�ӬP���̷s���n��C���K�b�W��. + + <p>�j������ ports ���ӳ��i�H�b 2.2, 3.0 �� 4.0 ���t�ΤW�ϥ�, + �åB�٦������� ports �i�H�b 2.1.x ���t�ΤW�B�@. + �C���� FreeBSD release ��, ���|���@�� ports tree �Q��b�o�@�� + release cd �̭��� <tt>ports/</tt> �ؿ���. + + <p>We also support the concept of a ``package'', essentially no + more than a gzipped binary distribution with a little extra + intelligence embedded in it for doing whatever custom installation + work is required. A package can be installed and uninstalled + again easily without having to know the gory details of which + files it includes. + + <p>Use the package installation menu in <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> + (under the post-configuration menu item) or invoke the + <em>pkg_add(1)</em> command on the specific package files you're + interested in installing. Package files can usually be identified by + their <em>.tgz</em> suffix and CDROM distribution people will have + a <tt>packages/All</tt> directory on their CD which contains such + files. They can also be downloaded over the net for various versions + of FreeBSD at the following locations: + + <descrip> + <tag>for 2.2.7-release/2.2-stable</tag> + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2.7/" + name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2.7/"> + + <tag>for 3.0-current</tag> + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/" + name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/"> + </descrip> + + <p>or your nearest local mirror site. + + <p>Note that all ports may not be available as packages since + new ones are constantly being added. It is always a good + idea to check back periodically to see which packages are available + at the <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" + name="ftp.freebsd.org"> master site. + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b������ libc.so.3.0?</heading> + + <p>�A�i��b�@�x 2.1.x �������W, �]�۵� 2.2/3.0 ���n��. + �ЦA���W���@�ӳ��`��, ���T�����o���A�����Ϊ� port/package. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ghostscript �b�ڪ� 386/486SX �W���I���D��.<label id="emul"> + </heading> + + <p>�A�S���B�I�B�⾹, ��a?. + �A�����b�A�� kernel ���[�J�ƾǹB�������, �A�i�H��ۤU�����B�J��, + �æb���L�A�� kernel �]�w�ɫ�, ���s�sĶ�L�@��. + + <verb> + options GPL_MATH_EMULATE + </verb> + + <p><bf/NOTE/ ���A�[�J�W�@�檺�P��, �A�����N <tt/MATH_EMULATE/ + ������. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ڰ��� SCO/iBCS2 ���{����, �����b <tt/socksys/. + </heading> + + <p>�A�������ק� <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> + (or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" + name="/etc/rc.conf">) �o�ɮ׳̫�@�ӳ��`, �N�U�������쪺�ܼ� + �]�� <tt/YES/: + + <verb> + # Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation loaded at startup + ibcs2=NO + </verb> + + <p>�o�|�b�}���ɱN <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ibcs2" name="ibcs2"> + �o�@�� kernel �Ҳո��J. + + <p>�A�٭n�N�A�� /compat/ibcs2/dev �令�U���o��: + + <verb> +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -> /dev/null +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -> socksys +-rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 0 Oct 28 12:02 null +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -> /dev/null +crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 41, 1 Oct 15 22:14 spx + </verb> + + <p>�A�u�ݭn�N socksys ��V�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?null(4)" name="/dev/null"> + �h�F�L open & close. �b -current �̭��� ibcs2 �����{���X�N�|�B + �z�o�ǪF��. This is muck cleaner than the way it was done before. + ���p�A�Q�n�ϥ� <tt/spx/ �譱���{��, �b�A���֤߳]�w�ɸ̭��[�W + <tt/SPX_HACK/ . + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڭn�p��b�ڪ������W�]�w INN (Internet News)? + </heading> + + <p>After installing the inn package or port, an excellent place to + <p>�b�A�ϥ� package �Ϊ̬O port �w�˧� inn ����, + <url url="http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/INN.html" + name="Dave Barr's INN Page"> �O�ӫD�`�n���}�l, �A�i�H�b������ + INN �� FAQ. + + </sect1> + <sect1> + + <heading>�ڸӨϥΨ��Ӫ����� Microsoft FrontPage? + </heading> + + <p>�ϥ� Port �a! �b ports tree ���w�g���@�ӥ]�t FrontPage �� Apache �����F. + </p> + + </sect1> + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/commercial.sgml b/zh/FAQ/commercial.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e375b70c4f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/commercial.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +<!-- $Id: commercial.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English version: 1.3 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�ӷ~�n��<label id="commercial"></heading> + + <p><bf/NOTE/ This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of + course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no + financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply + lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest + in FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term + viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their + entries here for inclusion. See + <url url="../commercial/commercial.html" name="the Vendors page"> + for a longer list. + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b�����쵹 FreeBSD �Ϊ� Motif?</heading> + + <p>�p�� <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , �L�̴��ѤF�@�ӵ� FreeBSD + �Ϊ� Motif 2.0 �M��. + + <p>�b�o�M�]�A�F: + <itemize> + <item>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm. + + <item>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake + files. + + <item>Static and dynamic libraries. + + <item>Demonstration applets. + + <item>Preformatted man pages. + </itemize> + + <p>�b�A��L�̭q�� Motif ��, �Ф@�w�����A�n���O FreeBSD ������! + �]�� <em>Xi Graphics</em> �]�P�ɴ��ѤF BSDI �� Linux ������ Motif. + �ثe�o�檺�����O��b�|���Ϥ���, �N�ӥL�̷|�N�Ҧ����F�賣�����и�, + �N���L�̩ҵo�檺 CDE �@��. + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b�����쵹 FreeBSD �Ϊ� CDE?</heading> + + <p>�p�� <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , �L�̴��ѤF�@�ӵ� FreeBSD + �Ϊ� CDE 1.0.10 �M��, �̭��]�A�F Motif 1.2.5, �åB�L�̪� CDE �]�i�H�b + Motif 2.0 �U�ܥ��`������. + + <p>CDE �O�Υ��Ъ��覡�o��, FreeBSD �� Linux �������@��. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���䦳�n��, ���O���IJv�� X servers?<label id="xig"> + </heading> + + <p>�p�A���@, <url url="http://www.xig.com" name="Xi Graphics"> + ���ѤF Accelerated-X �� FreeBSD ���L Intel based ���t��. + + <p>�o�Ӱ��IJv�� X Server ���D�`²�檺�]�w�覡, �åB�䴩�F�ثe�����W + �������U�j�t�P����ܥd, �̭��n���O, ���u���A Binary. + ���O�κϤ����覡�o��, FreeBSD �� Linux �������@��. + + <p>�A�i�H�b FreeBSD ����t�|�����Ф����o�Ӱ��IJv X Server �� demo ��, + ���M�A�]�i�H�����b�����W���. <!-- �o�q�ڦ��[�F�� --> + + <p>Xi Graphics �]���b�� FreeBSD �Ϊ� Motif �� CDE (���W���ݬ�). + + <descrip> + <tag/��h����T/ + <url url="http://www.xig.com/" name="Xi Graphics WWW page"> + + <tag/��/ <url url="mailto:sales@xig.com" name="Sales"> or + <url url="mailto:support@xig.com" name="Support"> email addresses. + + <tag/��/ phone (800) 946 7433 or +1 303 298-7478. + </descrip> + + <sect1> + <heading>�b FreeBSD �W������Ʈw��?</heading> + + <p>��! Conetic Software Systems �w�g�N�L�̪� C/base �� C/books + ports �� FreeBSD 2.0.5(�Χ���)�W, �� Sleepycat Software �]�b�� + �@�M���ӷ~�䴩����Ʈw�禡�w. + + <descrip> + <tag/For more information/ + <url url="http://www.conetic.com/" name="Conetic Software Systems"> + + <tag/or mail/ + <url url="mailto:info@conetic.com" name="Information E-mail address">, + + <tag/and/ + <url url="http://www.sleepycat.com/" name = "Sleepycat Software">. + </descrip> + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/hackers.sgml b/zh/FAQ/hackers.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7a5071a57b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/hackers.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,492 @@ +<!-- $Id: hackers.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by --> +<!-- English Version: 1.11 --> + + <sect> + <heading>For serious FreeBSD hackers only<label id="hackers"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading> + What are SNAPs and RELEASEs? + </heading> + + <p>There are currently three active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi" name="CVS Repository">: + + <itemize> + <item><bf/RELENG_2_2/ AKA <bf/2.2-stable/ AKA <bf/"2.2 branch"/ + <item><bf/RELENG_3/ AKA <bf/3.x-stable/ AKA <bf/"3.0 branch"/ + <item><bf/HEAD/ AKA <bf/-current/ AKA <bf/4.0-current/ + </itemize> + + <p><bf/HEAD/ is not an actual branch tag, like the other two, it's + simply a symbolic constant for + <em/"the current, non-branched development stream"/ which we simply + refer to as <bf/-current/. + + <p>Right now, <bf/-current/ is the 4.0 development stream and the + <bf/3.0-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_3/, forked off from + <bf/-current/ in Jan 1999. + + <p>The <bf/2.2-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_2/, departed -current in + November 1996. + + <p>The <bf/2.1-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_1_0/, departed -current in + September of 1994. This branch has been fully retired. + + <sect1> + <heading> + How do I make my own custom release?<label id="custrel"> + </heading> + + <p>To make a release you need to do three things: First, you need to + be running a kernel with the <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?vn" name="vn"> driver configured + in. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: + + <verb> + pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) + </verb> + + <p>Second, you have to have the whole CVS repository at hand. + To get this you can use <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="CVSUP"> + but in your supfile set the release name to cvs and remove any tag or + date fields: + + <verb> + *default prefix=/home/ncvs + *default base=/a + *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org + *default release=cvs + *default delete compress use-rel-suffix + + ## Main Source Tree + src-all + src-eBones + src-secure + + # Other stuff + ports-all + www + doc-all + </verb> + + <p>Then run <tt/cvsup -g supfile/ to suck all the good bits onto your + box... + + <p>Finally, you need a chunk of empty space to build into. Let's + say it's in <tt>/some/big/filesystem</tt>, and from the example + above you've got the CVS repository in <tt>/home/ncvs</tt>: + + <verb> + setenv CVSROOT /home/ncvs # or export CVSROOT=/home/ncvs + cd /usr/src/release + make release BUILDNAME=3.0-MY-SNAP CHROOTDIR=/some/big/filesystem/release + </verb> + + <p>An entire release will be built in + <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release</tt> and you will have a full FTP-type + installation in <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release/R/ftp</tt> when you're + done. If you want to build your SNAP along some other branch than + -current, you can also add <tt/RELEASETAG=SOMETAG/ to + the make release command line above, e.g. <tt/RELEASETAG=RELENG_2_2/ + would build an up-to-the- minute 2.2-STABLE snapshot. + + <sect1> + <heading>How do I create customized installation disks?</heading> + + <p>The entire process of creating installation disks and source and + binary archives is automated by various targets in + <tt>/usr/src/release/Makefile</tt>. The information there should + be enough to get you started. However, it should be said that this + involves doing a ``make world'' and will therefore take up a lot of + time and disk space. + + <sect1> + <heading>``make world'' clobbers my existing installed binaries.</heading> + + <p>Yes, this is the general idea; as its name might suggest, + ``make world'' rebuilds every system binary from scratch, so you can be + certain of having a clean and consistent environment at the end (which + is why it takes so long). + + <p>If the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ is defined while running + ``<tt/make world/'' or ``<tt/make install/'', the newly-created + binaries will be deposited in a directory tree identical to the + installed one, rooted at <tt>${DESTDIR}</tt>. + Some random combination of shared libraries modifications and + program rebuilds can cause this to fail in ``<tt/make world/'', + however. + + <sect1> + <heading> + When my system boots, it says ``(bus speed defaulted)''. + </heading> + + <p>The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure + their bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the + 1542 driver tried to determine the fastest usable speed and set + the adapter to that. We found that this breaks some users' + systems, so you now have to define the ``<tt/TUNE_1542/'' kernel + configuration option in order to have this take place. Using it + on those systems where it works may make your disks run faster, + but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could be + corrupted. + + <sect1> + <heading> + Can I follow current with limited Internet access?<label id="ctm"> + </heading> + + <p>Yes, you can do this <tt /without/ downloading the whole source tree + by using the <url url="../handbook/ctm.html" name="CTM facility."> + + <sect1> + <heading>How did you split the distribution into 240k files?</heading> + + <p>Newer BSD based systems have a ``<tt/-b/'' option to split that + allows them to split files on arbitrary byte boundaries. + + <p>Here is an example from <tt>/usr/src/Makefile</tt>. + + <verb> + bin-tarball: + (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ + tar cf - . \ + gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ + split -b 240640 - \ + ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>I've written a kernel extension, who do I send it to?</heading> + + <p>Please take a look at <url url="../handbook/contrib.html" + name="The Handbook entry on how to submit code."> + + <p>And thanks for the thought! + + <sect1> + <heading>How are Plug N Play ISA cards detected and initialized?</heading> + + <p>By: <url url="mailto:uhclem@nemesis.lonestar.org" + name="Frank Durda IV"> + + <p>In a nutshell, there a few I/O ports that all of the PnP boards + respond to when the host asks if anyone is out there. So when + the PnP probe routine starts, he asks if there are any PnP boards + present, and all the PnP boards respond with their model # to + a I/O read of the same port, so the probe routine gets a wired-OR + ``yes'' to that question. At least one bit will be on in that + reply. Then the probe code is able to cause boards with board + model IDs (assigned by Microsoft/Intel) lower than X to go + ``off-line''. It then looks to see if any boards are still + responding to the query. If the answer was ``<tt/0/'', then + there are no boards with IDs above X. Now probe asks if there + are any boards below ``X''. If so, probe knows there are boards + with a model numbers below X. Probe then asks for boards greater + than X-(limit/4) to go off-line. If repeats the query. By + repeating this semi-binary search of IDs-in-range enough times, + the probing code will eventually identify all PnP boards present + in a given machine with a number of iterations that is much lower + than what 2^64 would take. + + <p>The IDs are two 32-bit fields (hence 2ˆ64) + 8 bit checksum. + The first 32 bits are a vendor identifier. They never come out + and say it, but it appears to be assumed that different types of + boards from the same vendor could have different 32-bit vendor + ids. The idea of needing 32 bits just for unique manufacturers + is a bit excessive. + + <p>The lower 32 bits are a serial #, ethernet address, something + that makes this one board unique. The vendor must never produce + a second board that has the same lower 32 bits unless the upper + 32 bits are also different. So you can have multiple boards of + the same type in the machine and the full 64 bits will still be + unique. + + <p>The 32 bit groups can never be all zero. This allows the + wired-OR to show non-zero bits during the initial binary search. + + <p>Once the system has identified all the board IDs present, it will + reactivate each board, one at a time (via the same I/O ports), + and find out what resources the given board needs, what interrupt + choices are available, etc. A scan is made over all the boards + to collect this information. + + <p>This info is then combined with info from any ECU files on the + hard disk or wired into the MLB BIOS. The ECU and BIOS PnP + support for hardware on the MLB is usually synthetic, and the + peripherals don't really do genuine PnP. However by examining + the BIOS info plus the ECU info, the probe routines can cause the + devices that are PnP to avoid those devices the probe code cannot + relocate. + + <p>Then the PnP devices are visited once more and given their I/O, + DMA, IRQ and Memory-map address assignments. The devices will + then appear at those locations and remain there until the next + reboot, although there is nothing that says you can't move them + around whenever you want. + + <p>There is a lot of oversimplification above, but you should get + the general idea. + + <p>Microsoft took over some of the primary printer status ports to + do PnP, on the logic that no boards decoded those addresses for + the opposing I/O cycles. I found a genuine IBM printer board + that did decode writes of the status port during the early PnP + proposal review period, but MS said ``tough''. So they do a + write to the printer status port for setting addresses, plus that + use that address + <tt/0x800/, and a third I/O port for reading + that can be located anywhere between <tt/0x200/ and <tt/0x3ff/. + + <sect1> + <heading>Does FreeBSD support architectures other than the x86?</heading> + + <p>Several groups of people have expressed interest in working on + multi-architecture ports for FreeBSD and the FreeBSD/AXP (ALPHA) + port is one such effort which has been quite successful, now + available in 3.0 SNAPshot release form at <url + url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha/" + name="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha">. The ALPHA + port currently runs on a growing number of ALPHA machine + types, among them the AlphaStation, AXPpci, PC164, Miata and Multia + models. This port is not yet considered a full release and won't be + until a full compliment of system installation tools and a distribution + on CDROM installation media is available, including a reasonable + number of working ports and packages. + FreeBSD/AXP should be considered BETA quality software at this + time. For status information, please join the + <tt><freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.ORG></tt><ref id="mailing" + name="mailing list">. + + Interest has also been expressed in a port of FreeBSD to + the SPARC architecture, join the <tt><freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.ORG> + </tt><ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> if you are interested + in joining that project. For general discussion on new architectures, + join the <tt><freebsd-platforms@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> + <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list">. + + <sect1> + <heading>I need a major number for a device driver I've written.</heading> + + <p>This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver + publicly available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the + driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to + <tt>files.i386</tt>, a sample configuration file entry, and the + appropriate <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV" + name="MAKEDEV"> code to create any special files your device uses. If + you do not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then + character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been reserved + specifically for this purpose; please use them. In any case, we'd + appreciate hearing about your driver on + <tt><freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG></tt>. + + + <sect1> + <heading>Alternative layout policies for directories</heading> + + <p> + In answer to the question of alternative layout policies for + directories, the scheme that is currently in use is unchanged + from what I wrote in 1983. I wrote that policy for the original + fast filesystem, and never revisited it. It works well at keeping + cylinder groups from filling up. As several of you have noted, + it works poorly for find. Most filesystems are created from + archives that were created by a depth first search (aka ftw). + These directories end up being striped across the cylinder groups + thus creating a worst possible senario for future depth first + searches. If one knew the total number of directories to be + created, the solution would be to create (total / fs_ncg) per + cylinder group before moving on. Obviously, one would have to + create some heuristic to guess at this number. Even using a + small fixed number like say 10 would make an order of magnitude + improvement. To differentiate restores from normal operation + (when the current algorithm is probably more sensible), you + could use the clustering of up to 10 if they were all done + within a ten second window. Anyway, my conclusion is that this + is an area ripe for experimentation.</p> + + <p>Kirk McKusick, September 1998</p> + + <sect1> + <heading>Making the most of a kernel panic</heading> + + <p> + <em>[This section was extracted from a mail written by <url + url="mailto:wpaul@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Bill Paul"> on the + freebsd-current <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> by <url + url="mailto:des@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Dag-Erling Coïdan + Smørgrav">, who fixed a few typos and added the bracketed + comments]</em> + + <p> + <verb> +From: Bill Paul <wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu> +Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops +To: ben@rosengart.com +Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT) +Cc: current@FreeBSD.ORG + </verb> + + <p> + <em>[<ben@rosengart.com> posted the following panic + message]</em> + <verb> +> Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode +> fault virtual address = 0x40 +> fault code = supervisor read, page not present +> instruction pointer = 0x8:0xf014a7e5 + ^^^^^^^^^^ +> stack pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24 +> frame pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28 +> code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b +> = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1 +> processor eflags = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0 +> current process = 80 (mount) +> interrupt mask = +> trap number = 12 +> panic: page fault + </verb> + + <p> [When] you see a message like this, it's not enough to just + reproduce it and send it in. The instruction pointer value that + I highlighted up there is important; unfortunately, it's also + configuration dependent. In other words, the value varies + depending on the exact kernel image that you're using. If you're + using a GENERIC kernel image from one of the snapshots, then + it's possible for somebody else to track down the offending + function, but if you're running a custom kernel then only + <em/you/ can tell us where the fault occured. + + <p> What you should do is this: + + <itemize> + <item>Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the + <tt/0x8:/ part at the begining is not significant in this case: + it's the <tt/0xf0xxxxxx/ part that we want. + <item>When the system reboots, do the following: + <verb> +% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx + </verb> + where <tt/f0xxxxxx/ is the instruction pointer value. The + odds are you will not get an exact match since the symbols + in the kernel symbol table are for the entry points of + functions and the instruction pointer address will be + somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you don't + get an exact match, omit the last digit from the instruction + pointer value and try again, i.e.: + <verb> +% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx + </verb> + If that doesn't yield any results, chop off another digit. + Repeat until you get some sort of output. The result will be + a possible list of functions which caused the panic. This is + a less than exact mechanism for tracking down the point of + failure, but it's better than nothing. + </itemize> + + <p> I see people constantly show panic messages like this but + rarely do I see someone take the time to match up the + instruction pointer with a function in the kernel symbol table. + + <p> The best way to track down the cause of a panic is by + capturing a crash dump, then using <tt/gdb(1)/ to to a stack + trace on the crash dump. Of course, this depends on <tt/gdb(1)/ + in -current working correctly, which I can't guarantee (I recall + somebody saying that the new ELF-ized <tt/gdb(1)/ didn't handle + kernel crash dumps correctly: somebody should check this before + 3.0 goes out of beta or there'll be a lot of red faces after the + CDs ship). + + <p> + In any case, the method I normally use is this: + + <itemize> + <item>Set up a kernel config file, optionally adding 'options DDB' if you + think you need the kernel debugger for something. (I use this mainly + for setting beakpoints if I suspect an infinite loop condition of + some kind.) + <item>Use <tt/config -g KERNELCONFIG/ to set up the build directory. + <item><tt>cd /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG; make</tt> + <item>Wait for kernel to finish compiling. + <item><tt/cp kernel kernel.debug/ + <item><tt/strip -d kernel/ + <item><tt/mv /kernel /kernel.orig/ + <item><tt>cp kernel /</tt> + <item>reboot + </itemize> + + <p> <em>[Note: Now that FreeBSD 3.x kernels are Elf by default, + you should use <tt/strip -g/ instead of <tt/strip -d/. If for some + reason your kernel is still a.out, use <tt/strip -aout -d/.]</em> + + <p> Note that YOU DO <em/NOT/ WANT TO ACTUALLY BOOT THE KERNEL + WITH ALL THE DEBUG SYMBOLS IN IT. A kernel compiled with <tt/-g/ + can easily be close to 10MB in size. You don't have to actually + boot this massive image: you only need it later for <tt/gdb(1)/ + (<tt/gdb(1)/ wants the symbol table). Instead, you want to keep + a copy of the full image and create a second image with the + debug symbols stripped out using <tt/strip -d/. It is this + second stripped image that you want to boot. + + <p> To make sure you capture a crash dump, you need edit + <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> and set <tt/dumpdev/ to point to your swap + partition. This will cause the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts to use the + <tt/dumpon(8)/ command to enable crash dumps. You can also run + <tt/dumpon(8)/ manually. After a panic, the crash dump can be + recovered using <tt/savecore(8)/; if <tt/dumpdev/ is set in + <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>, the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts will run + <tt/savecore(8)/ automatically and put the crash dump in + <tt>/var/crash</tt>. + + <p> NOTE: FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as the + physical RAM size of your machine. That is, if you have 64MB of + RAM, you will get a 64MB crash dump. Therefore you must make sure + there's enough space in <tt>/var/crash</tt> to hold the dump. + Alternatively, you run <tt/savecore(8)/ manually and have it + recover the crash dump to another directory where you have more + room. It's possible to limit the size of the crash dump by using + <tt/options MAXMEM=(foo)/ to set the amount of memory the kernel + will use to something a little more sensible. For example, if + you have 128MB of RAM, you can limit the kernel's memory usage + to 16MB so that your crash dump size will be 16MB instead of + 128MB. + + <p> Once you have recovered the crash dump, you can get a stack + trace with <tt/gdb(1)/ as follows: + + <p> + <verb> +% gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0 +(gdb) where + </verb> + + <p> Note that there may be several screens worth of information; + ideally you should use <tt/script(1)/ to capture all of them. + Using the unstripped kernel image with all the debug symbols + should show the exact line of kernel source code where the panic + occured. Usually you have to read the stack trace from the + bottom up in order to trace the exact sequence of events that + lead to the crash. You can also use <tt/gdb(1)/ to print out the + contents of various variables or structures in order to examine + the system state at the time of the crash. + + <p> Now, if you're really insane and have a second computer, you + can also configure <tt/gdb(1)/ to do remote debugging such that + you can use <tt/gdb(1)/ on one system to debug the kernel on + another system, including setting breakpoints, single-stepping + through the kernel code, just like you can do with a normal + user-mode program. I haven't played with this yet as I don't + often have the chance to set up two machines side by side for + debugging purposes. + + <p> <em>[Bill adds: "I forgot to mention one thing: if you have + DDB enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, you can + force a panic (and a crash dump) just by typing 'panic' at the + ddb prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during the panic + phase. If it does, type 'continue' and it will finish the crash + dump." -ed]</em> + + </sect> diff --git a/zh/FAQ/hardware.sgml b/zh/FAQ/hardware.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..889eeea30b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/hardware.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ +<!-- $Id: hardware.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by gsl@tpts4.seed.net.tw --> +<!-- English Version: 1.14 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�w�骺�ۮe��<label id="hardware"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩���ǵw�Ъ������H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩 EIDE �� SCSI �g�� (���۬ۮe�� controller�F + �аѦҤU�@�q)�A�H�ΨϥΡuWestern Digital�v�������g�� (MEM�B + �BRLL�BESDI�A���M�AIDE �]�b�]�A��)�C���ּƨϥαM���� ESDI + �������L�k�B�@�G���O WD1002/3/6/7 ���������C + + <sect1> + <heading>���@�� SCSI �d���Q�䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�b <htmlurl url="../handbook/install:hw.html" name="Handbook"> �̦����㪺��ơC + + <sect1> + <heading>���@�� CD-ROM �Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�����A���b SCSI �����W�� CDROM �����Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�C + + <p>�䦸�A�U���ҦC�� CD-ROM �]�����Q�䴩�G + + <itemize> + <item>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) �� FX001D (16bit �⭿�t)�C<newline> + <item>Sony CDU 31/33A<newline> + <item>���b Sound Blaster �W�D SCSI ������ CD-ROM<newline> + <item>Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM<newline> + <item>�ۮe�� ATAPI IDE ������ CD-ROM<newline> + </itemize> + + <p>�w�g���D�D SCSI ���g��]�Ʒ|�� SCSI ���C�ܦh�A�t�~�A���@�� ATAPI + CDROM (�o�]�N�O���D SCSI �� CDROM) �i��L�k�B�@�C + + <p>��F�A2.2 ���� FreeBSD CDROM (�� Walnut Creek ��z��) �䴩���ж}���C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 ZIP �ܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD ���M�䴩 SCSI ZIP�C���O ZIP �u����Q�]�w�b SCSI ID 5 �άO 6 + �C���p�G SCSI �d�W�� BIOS �䴩���A�A�Ʀܥi�H�Υ��Ӷ}���C�ڭ̤���o���@ + ���d�i�H���A��d�� ID �]�b���F 0 �� 1 �H�~���a��}��... �ݬݧA�������� + �U (�G�A���\���ܡA�]�ЧA���ڭ̪��D) + + <p>ATAPI (�]�N�O IDE ����) ZIP �w�g�b FreeBSD 2.2.6 �ΥH�᪺�����Q�䴩�F�C + + <p>FreeBSD 3.0-CURRENT �]���䴩 parallel ZIP�C�M�ӡA���L�A�ݭn�s�@�@�ӥi�H + �䴩 ppbus (Parallel Port Bus) �� kernel�A�H���A�i�H�ϥΧA�� ZIP�C�а� + �� LINT �o���ɮסC + + <p>�]�i�H�Ѧ�<ref id="jaz" name="�����i�H���ʪ��]��">�A + ��<ref id="disklabel" name="������ format �����">�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD ���䴩 JAZ�BEZ �Ψ�L���o�@���i�H���ʪ��]�ƶܡH + </heading> + + <p>���F IDE �� EZ drive �~�A��L�����ӳ��O SCSI �����C�ҥH�A���ӱN�j�� + ���]�Ƭݦ� SCSI �Ϻо��A��ѤU���Ǫ� IDE EZ ���]�Ƭݦ� IDE �]�ơC + + <p><label id="jaz">�ڭ̨ä��T�w FreeBSD ���� jaz �Ϥ��ɪ��䴩��� + �C���ڭ̪��D���ݦb� jaz �Ϥ��e�N�o���ɮרt�Υ����U�C���M�A�A���ݽT + �w�b�}���ɳo�dz]�ƪ��q���O���}���A�H�K�� FreeBSD �i�H������C + + <p>�Ѧ�<ref id="disklabel" name="������ format �Ϥ������">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>������ multi-port serial �d�Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�A�i�H�Ѧ�<htmlurl url="../handbook/install:misc.html" + name="��L�g��]��">�����C + + <p>���M���ǥd�O�S�P���A���]�i�H�b FreeBSD �U�u�@�A���O���٤䴩 AST ���d�C + + <p>�Ѧ� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" + name="sio �o���������">�i�H���A�F�ѧ�h������o�@���d����T�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڦ��@�� bus mouse�C�ڸӦp��]�w�H<label id="busmouse"></heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩�� Microsoft, Logitech �� ATI �ҥͲ��� bus mouse �� InPort + bus mouse�C�o�Ƿƹ��� driver ���w�g���t�b GENERIC �̭��F�C�p�G�A�ۤv�����s + ���@�� kernel�A�нT�w���S����U�C�o�@��[�J�A�� kernel config file�G + + <verb> + device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq5 vector mseintr + </verb> + + <p>�R bus mouse �����ӷ|�t�@�������d�C�o���d���\�A�]�w���P�� port address �� + IRQ number�C�ѦҧA��������U�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mse" + name="mse man page"> �ӱo���h����T. + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڦp��ϥ� PS/2 mouse �άO PS/2 keyboard�H<label id="ps2mouse"></heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�� FreeBSD �O 2.2.5 �H�W������ (�t 2.2.5)�A����A�ݭn�� driver ���ȩ�� + kernel �̭��F�A�ӥB�A�� PS/2 �]�����ӥi�H�b�}���ɳQ������C + + <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O 2.1.x �� 2.2.5 (���t 2.2.5) ���� FreeBSD�A�A�i�H�b + �}�����ɭԶi�J�ukernel configuration menu�v�̥h�ҰʡA�]�N�O�b�}���ɥX�{ + boot: ���Ÿ��ᥴ�J -c�C�]���w�]�ȬO�������A�ҥH�A���ݦۤv�h�Ұʥ��C + + <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O���ª������A�A�ݭn�ۤv�s�@�� kernel�A�b�A���֤߳]�w�ɸ̭��[�J�G + + <verb> + device psm0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�A���ۤv�s�@�Ӯ֤ߨS���g��A�аѦ�<htmlurl + url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" name="�u�s�@�Ӯ֤ߡv"> + + <p>�p�G�b�}���ɦ���� psm0 �o����ϥΡA�нT�w�b /dev �U�� psm0 �o�ӳ]���ɡC + �p�G�S���A�A���ӥ� root ��������J�U���o��Ӱ��X�G + + <verb> + cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV psm0 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�O�_���i��b X Window ���~�ϥηƹ��O�H<label id="moused"></heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O default console driver�A�]�N�O syscons�A�ӷQ�n�� + �ƹ����ШӰŶK��r�A����N����ƹ��� daemon�A�]�N�O moused�A�M�� + �ΤU���o���ӱҰʥ��G + + <verb> + moused -p /dev/xxxx -t yyyy + vidcontrol -m on + </verb> + + <p><tt>xxxx</tt> ���a���J mouse �� device name�A�� <tt>yyyy</tt> + ��J�o���ƹ��� protocol type�C�A�i�H�Ѧ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused" name="moused"> + �o�� man page �ӧ�ݬݦ����� protocol types �i�H��C + + <p>�p�G�A�Q�n�b�}���ɴN���� moused�C�b 2.2.1 �����e (�t 2.2.1)�A�� + <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> �]�w�U�����ȡG + + <verb> + mousedtype="yyyy" + mousedport="xxxx" + mousedflags="" + </verb> + + �b 2.2.2 ���H�� (�t 2.2.2) �� <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> �]�w�U�����ȡG + + <verb> + moused_type="yyyy" + moused_port="xxxx" + moused_flags="" + </verb> + + <p>�t�~�q 2.2.6 ���}�l�Amoused �i�H�۰ʨM�w protocol type�A���D�ƹ���b + �O���¤F�C�p�G���ª��ܡA�b moused_type ��J ``<tt>auto</tt>''�A�M���ë + �i�H��������C + + <p>������ moused ��A�Q�n�b��L�{���̨ϥηƹ��ݭn�� X Window �o�������� + �{���C�Ѧҥ��媺 <ref id="x-and-moused" name="�t�~�@�q"> + + <sect1> + <heading>�p��b text console �̰ŶK�H</heading> + + <p>������ moused ��A(�Ѧ�<ref id="moused" name="�e�@�q">)�A��������A + ���ʷƹ��ӿ�ܤ@�Ӱϰ줧���}�C�M��A���U����Υk��A�N�i�H�K�W�h�F�C + + <p>�b 2.2.6 ���� (�t 2.2.6)�A���U����|����K�W�o�Ӱʧ@�A�����U�k��|���� + �ҿ�����ϰ�C�p�G�A���ƹ��S������A�A�i�H�μ������覡�άO���s�w�q�ƹ��� + �䪺�覡�ӹF���u�����v���\��C�Ѧ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused" name="moused"> �o�� man + pages �ӱo���h������T�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��ƹ��W���u���A�ण��b FreeBSD �U�ϥΡH</heading> + + <p>�ܤ������A�b�j�h�ƪ����p�U����C�o�DZa���u�����ƹ��ݭn�ίS + �����X�ʵ{���C���D�ƹ����Q�A���{���άO�X�ʵ{���Ҥ䴩�A���M�o�Ƿ� + ���u��������O���q������ΤT�䪺�ƹ��ϥΡC + + <sect1> + <heading> + �گ�b�ڪ� laptop �W�ϥηƹ�/�y��y/touchpad �ܡH + </heading> + + <p>�Ѧ�<ref id="ps2mouse" name="�W�@�q������">�A�åB�Ѧ� + <ref id="pao" name="this note"> on the Mobile Computing page. + + <sect1> + <heading>������ tape �P�䦳�Q�䴩�H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩 SCSI�AQIC-36 (QIC-02 ����) �� QIC-40/80 (Floppy ����) tape drives�C + �]�A 8-mm (aka Exabyte) �� DAT drives�C�w�g���D QIC-40/80 drives �ܺC�C + + <p>�Y�Ǧ����� 8-mm drives �ä��ۮe�� SCSI-2�A�i��S����k�b FreeBSD �W�B�@�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 tape changer �ܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD 2.2 �Q�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ch(4)" + name="ch"> �o�ӳ]�ƨӤ䴩 SCSI changers�A�A�i�H�Ѧ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio" name="chio"> �o�ӫ��O�C + �p�� changer ����k�i�H�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio" + name="chio"> �o���������̧��C + + <p>�p�G�A���O�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?amanda" name="AMANDA"> �� + ��L�w�g�Q���D�� changer�A�O���A�A�u���D�p��N�@�� tape �q�䤤�@�Ӳ���t�~�@�ӡA + �ҥH�A�ݭn�O�����@�� tape �b�̭��A�β{�b�����@�� tape �ݭn��^�h�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�����ǭ��ĥd���Q FreeBSD �䴩�H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩 SoundBlaster�ASoundBlaster Pro�ASoundBlaster 16�A + Pro Audio Spectrum 16�AAdLib �� Gravis UltraSound sound cards�C + ����� MPU-401 �Ψ�ۮe MIDI �d���䷽�����C���ϥ� Microsoft + Sound System ���d�i�H�z�L pcm ���X�ʵ{���ӨϥΥ��C + + <p><bf/NOTE/ �o���X�ʵ{���u�A�Ω��n���譱�A�ӥB�ä��䴩�b�o�� + �d�W�� CD-ROM�ASCSI �� joysticks�C���]���Ǩҥ~�A���O SoundBlaster�B + SoundBlaster SCSI �����άY�ǫD SCSI CDROMS ���Q�䴩�A���A�L�k�ϥγo + �dz]�ƶ}���C + + <sect1> + <heading>���Ǻ����d�Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�Ѧ�<htmlurl url="../handbook/install:nics.html" name="�A�Ӻ����d"> + �A�̭������㪺�M��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��q���S���B�I�B�⾹�A�oť�_�Ӧn�����Ӧn�H</heading> + + <p><tt /Note/ �o�u�|�v�T��� 386/486SX/486SLC ���H - �ϥΨ�L�� CPU �� + �w�g���t���I�B�⾹�F�C + + <p>�@��ӻ��o���|�y��������D�A�����A�n�Ϊ��ɭԡA�L�צb�IJv�W�P��K�פW�A + �����B�I�B�⪺�{���X������U (�Ѧ�<ref id="emul" name="���I�B�������">)�C + �ר�O�b X �U���e���ήɷ|�ܺC�C�ҥH�A�ڭ��٬O�|��ij�R�@�����I�B�⾹�C + + <p><bf/NOTE/ ���ǼƾǹB�⾹���L���n�C���O�S���H�j���A�R Intel ���C + ���D�A�T�w�A�R���i�H�b FreeBSD �W���T���u�@�C + + <sect1> + <heading>2.X �٤䴩���dz]�ơH</heading> + + <p>�Цh�h�Ѧ� <htmlurl url="../handbook/install:misc.html" name="Handbook"> + �A�̭����C�X�C + +<!-- + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�R�@�O�s�������A�������ij�i�H���ڶܡH</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�n�ۦ�ոˡA�A�i�H�Ѧ� Handbook ����<htmlurl + url="../handbook/hw.html" name="�w��">�A�Ϊ̧A�i�H�Ѧ�<htmlurl + url="../commercial/hardware.html" name="�w��t��">���ѧA�F�ѦU�a + �i�H�ϥ� FreeBSD �������C +--> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩�q���z�t�ζܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩�Y�Ǿ����W�� APM�C�аѦ� <tt/LINT/ �o�� kernel �]�w�ɡA + �ç�ݬ� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?apm" + name="APM"> �o������r�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�b�Y�ǵw��W�Ҳ��ͪ����D</heading> + <p>���q�]�A�F�Y�ǵw��Ҳ��ͪ����D�C + <sect2> + <heading>�b Micron systems ���D���O�W�ڨS����k�i�J FreeBSD</heading> + <p>Micron ���Y�ǥD���O�S�����u PCI BIOS ���W�w�A�Ӿɦܩ���i�J FreeBSD + �ɱ����C�]���o�� PCI ���]�ƨS���b�}���ɦV�D���O���i�L������m�C + <p>�i�J BIOS ��A�N�uPlug and Play Operating System�v�o���� disable �� + �i�H�ȮɸѨM�o�Ӱ��D�C�p�G�A�Q�o���h���� Micron ���T���A�i�H�Ѧ� + <htmlurl + url="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron" + name="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron"> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڦ��@���s�R�� Adaptec �d�A���O FreeBSD �䤣�쥦�C + </heading> + + <p>Adaptec �s�� AIC789x �t�C�����զb��XĪ�� CAM SCSI ���ҤU�i�H�ϥΡC + 3.0-CURRENT �� 2.2-STABLE �ݭn patches�A�b + <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/" + name="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/">�CA CAM-enhanced �}���Ϥ��b + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~abial/cam-boot/" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/~abial/cam-boot/">�C�L�קA�O�Ψ��@�ӡA�Х��Ѧ� README + </p> + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڳo���@�� PnP �� modem�A���O FreeBSD �S��쫨�H + </heading> + + <p>�A�ݭn�� modem �� PnP ID �[�� serial �X�ʵ{���� PnP ID ���̡A�M��N PnP ���\�� + �����}�C�b�A���֤߳]�w�ɸ̥[�J <tt/controller pnp0/ ��A���s�sĶ�@�Ӯ֤ߡA�M�᭫ + �s�ҰʧA���t�ΡC�֤߷|�C�X���ҧ�쪺�Ҧ��]�ƪ� PnP ID�C�бN�o�� modem �� PnP ID + �ƻs�� <tt>/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</tt>�A�j�� 1200 �檺�a��C�A�i�H�� "SUP1310" �o�� + �r������U�A��� "siopnp_ids[]" �o�Ӫ��C�A���s�sĶ�@�� kernel ���᭫�s�}���A�A�� + modem ���ӷ|�Q���F�C + </p> + + <p>�A�]�i�H�b�}���ɤ�ʿ�J�����U�����r�����֤߬ݨ�A�� modem�G + <verb> + pnp 1 0 enable os irq0 3 drq0 0 port0 0x2f8 + </verb> + </p> + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӦp��b serial console �e�ݨ� boot: �o�Ӵ��ܲŸ��H + </heading> + + <p><enum> + <item>�b�A���֤��ɸ̭��[�J�@�� <tt/options COMCONSOLE/�A�M�᭫�s�sĶ�A���֤ߡA + <item>�M��� /boot.config �̼g�J <tt/-P/ �o��Ӧr�C + <item>Unplug the keyboard from the system. + </enum></p> + + <p>�Ѧ� <tt>/usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial</tt> �ӤF�ѧ�h����T�C</p> + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + + + <heading>������ڪ� 3Com PCI �����d�S����k�b Micron �D���O�W�u�@�H</heading> + <p>�Y�� Micron �D���O�S�����u PCI BIOS ���W�w�Өϱo PCI ���g��]�ƨS���^�� + �L�̪���m�C�o�ϱo�b�i�J FreeBSD �ɷ|�����C + <p>�p�G�n�ȮɸѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A�Цb BIOS �� disable�uPlug and Play Operating System�v + <p>���� Micron ��h���T���i�H�ѦҡG + <htmlurl + url="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron" + name="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron"> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 Symmetric Multiproccessing (SMP) ��? + </heading> + + <p>SMP �u�b 3.0-CURRENT �Q�䴩. + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/includes.sgml b/zh/FAQ/includes.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..011f61b8b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/includes.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +<!-- $Id: includes.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> + +<!-- book stores --> +<!ENTITY isbn.amazon 'http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN'> + + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/install.sgml b/zh/FAQ/install.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bcd2cce3af --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/install.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,632 @@ +<!-- $Id: install.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.13 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�w�� FreeBSD<label id="install"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӤU�������ɮץH���o FreeBSD�H</heading> + + <p>�q�`�A�u�ݭn�@�i�n�ЬM���ɡA<em>floppies/boot.flp</em>�A�⥦�� + ���� 1.44MB �n�Ф��W�M��Ұʥ��A�A�h�U����L������(�w�˵{�Ƿ|�� + �z�A�� TCP/IP �s�u�A�H�� tapes�A���о��A�n�о��ADOS ���ΰϡA�� + ��L�u�n�O�w�˹L�{���ݭn�Ψ쪺)�C + + <p>�Y�A�u�ݭn�ۤv�U�� distributions(�i���t���� DOS �ɮרt�ΨӦw��) + �A�H�U�O�ڭ̫�ij�A��Ӧw�˪� distributions�G + + <itemize> + <item> bin/<newline> + <item> manpages/<newline> + <item> compat*/<newline> + <item> doc/ <newline> + <item> src/ssys.* <newline> + </itemize> + + <p>�w�˵{�Ǫ�������O�A�H�Χ�h���M�ʦw�ˮɷ|�I�쪺���D�i�H�b + <url url="../handbook/install.html" + name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD.">�o�̧��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ϩR�I�Ұʪ��n�ЬM���ɵL�k���@����W���n�Ф��̡I + </heading> + + <p>�@�i 3.5 �^�T(1.44MB)�n�Ф��i�H�e�� 1474560 �줸�ժ���ơC + �Ұʪ��M���ɴN��n�O�o�Ӥj�p�C + <p>�b�dzƱҰʳn�Ф��ɱ`�������~���G + <itemize> + <item>�ϥ� <tt>FTP</tt> �ɨS���ϥ� <tt>binary</tt> �Ҧ��C + <p>�Y�� FTP client �n�饦�̤��w���ǿ�Ҧ��O <tt>ascii</tt> + �åB�յۧ�����b�ݳQ�������r���A�H�ŦX�o�� client �t�Υ��� + �C�j�������ΤU�o���M�|���l�ҰʬM���ɡA�ˬd�@�U�A�U�����Ұ� + �M���ɤj�p�G�p�G�o���O<em>�����a</em>�ŦX server �ݤW���� + �פj�p�A����A���U���{�ǴN�����D�C + + <p>�ѨM��k�G�b�A�s���W server ���|���}�l�U���M���ɤ��e�A + �ݨ� FTP �R�O���ܸ��ɥ� <tt>binary</tt>�C + + <item>�ϥ� DOS �� <tt>copy</tt> �R�O(�ε��Ī� GUI �u��)�ӧ�� + �ʬM���ɶǰe��n�Ф��C + <p>������ <tt>copy</tt> ���{���A�b�ҰʬM���ɳQ�إߨåB���� + �}����èS���\�ΡC�M���ɸ̦����㪺�ϺФ��e�A�ϭy��ϭy�A�o�N + ���ۧA�L�k�κϤ��W�T�w���ɮץh���N���C + �A�����⥦�ǰe��n�Ф���``raw''�W�A�ϥΧC���Ƥu��(���O + <tt>fdimage</tt> �� <tt>rawrite</tt>)�A�o�Ǧb + <url url="../handbook/install.html" name="installation guide to + FreeBSD">�̭��h���y�z�C + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�w�� FreeBSD �����O�O����H</heading> + + <p>�A�i�H�b�o�̧��w�˫��O�C + <url url="../handbook/install.html" + name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD."> + + <sect1> + <heading>�n���� FreeBSD ���ٻݭn����H</heading> + + <p>�A�ݭn�@�x 386 �Χ�n�� PC�A�]�t 5MB �Χ�h�� RAM�H�Φܤ� 60MB + ���ϺЪŶ��C�i�H�ȨϥΤ@�ӧC���� MDA �ϧΥd�A�p�G�A�n���� X11R6 + �A�ݭn VGA �Χ�n�����T�d�C + + <p>��Ѧҳo�ӳ��` <ref id="hardware" name="Hardware compatibility"> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥu�� 4MB RAM�A���گ�w�� FreeBSD �ܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD 2.1.7 �O�̫�@�ӥi�b 4MB �t�ΤW�Q�w�˪������C�s���� + FreeBSD�A���O 2.2�A�ݭn�ܤ� 5MB �Ӧw�˥��b�@�ӥ��s���t�ΤW�C + + <p>FreeBSD ���Ҧ������A�]�A 3.0�A���b 4MB ���O����U����A���L�w�� + �ɤ���u�� 4MB�C�p�G�A�Q�o�ˡA�A�i�H�b�w�ˮɥ[�J�B�~���O����A�M + �ᵥ�t�Υi�H�����A���^ 4MB�C�άO�A�i�H��A���Ϻо����X�@�� 4MB + �H�W�m���Ŷ��A�w�˦n�t�Ϋ�A��m���Ŷ��屼�C + + <p>FreeBSD 2.1.7 �]������b 4MB �w�˪����ΡC���T�����A���ӬO�� + ����b�� 640kB �[�W 3MB �����O����̦w�ˡC�p�G�A���D���O + �i�H���s��^�b 640kB �� 1MB �d����``��''���O����A���� + �γ\�A�٬O�i�H�� FreeBSD 2.1.7 �˰_�ӡC + + <p>�յ۶i�J�A�� BIOS �]�w���ç�@��``remap''�ﹳ�A�⥦���}�C + �A�γ\�]�ӧ� ROM shadowing �������C + + <p>�u�b�w�ˮɨϥ� 4MB �i��e���@�I�A�إߤ@�ӥu���A�ݭn���ﶵ�� + �֤ߵ{���M��N�i�H�Υu�� 4MB�C + + <p>�A�]�i�H�w�� 2.0.5 �M��A��A���t�Υ� 2.1.7 �w�˵{���� + ``upgrade''���ﶵ�ɯŨ� 2.1.7 �����C + + <p>�w�˫�p�G�A�إߤ@�Ӧۭq���֤ߡA�o�N�|�b 4MB �U����C���� + �H���\���� 2MB �}��(���L�t�δX�G����� :-))�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڸӫ��s�@�ۭq���w�˳n�Ф��H + </heading> + + <p>�ثe�A�L�k *�u* �s�@�@�Ӧۭq���w�˳n�Ф��C�A�������X��ӥ��s�� + release �t�ΡA�o�̭��N�]�A�A���w�˳n�Ф��C�Y�Ǧb + <tt>/usr/src/release/floppies/Makefile</tt> �̪��{���X���]���� + �A*�u*���X���dzn�Ф��A���O�ƹ�W�٤���C + + <p>�n���X�ۭq�� release �����A�п��` <ref id="custrel" name="here"> + �����O�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b�ڪ� PC �W�֦��W�L�@�ӥH�W���@�~�t�ζܡH</heading> + + <p>�аѦ� <url url="../tutorials/multios/multios.html" + name="The multi-OS page."> + + <sect1> + <heading>Windows 95 �i�H�� FreeBSD �æs�ܡH</heading> + + <p>���w�� Windows 95�A�M��A�� FreeBSD�CFreeBSD ���Ұʺz�� + �|���ۺz Win95 �M FreeBSD�C���ϧA�ĤG�Ӥ~�� Win95�A���N�| + �ݳ����ݪ��ʾ|�a��A���Ұʺz���мg�L�h�C���p�o�w�g�o�͡A + �ЬݤU�@�`�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + Windows 95 ��ڪ��Ұʺz�������F�I�ڸӫ��⥦�Ϧ^�ӡH + </heading> + + <p>�A�i�H�ΥH�U��ؤ�k���@�ӭ��s�w�� FreeBSD ���Ұʺz���G + + <itemize> + <item>���� DOS�A�i�J�A�� FreeBSD distributions �� tools/ �ؿ� + �ç�� <bf>bootinst.exe</bf>�C�A�i�H�o�˰��楦�G + + <p><bf>bootinst.exe boot.bin</bf> + + <p>�o�˱Ұʺz���N�|�A���Q�w�ˡC + + <item>�� FreeBSD �Ұʳn�Ф��A���}���M��i�J Custom �w�˿�� + ���ءA��� Partition�A��ܨ��ӥ]�t�Ұʺz�����Ϻо�(�j�h�O + �Ĥ@��)�A�M������ΰϽs�边(partition editor)�X�{�ɡA�Ĥ@�� + ��(�N��N�O�G���n��������) ����� (W)rite�C�|�X�{�T�{���� + �ݡA�^�� yes�A�M����A�ݨ� Boot Manager ����ܴ��ܮɡA�T�w + �A�諸�O"Boot Manager"�o���C + �o�|��Ұʺz�����s�g�^�Ϻи̡C�����w�˿��M��N�`���� + �@�˭��s�Ұʵw�СC + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b�@�Ӧ��a�y(bad block)���ϺФW�i��w�˶ܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �� bad block (<htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?bad144" name="bad144"> + �R�O) �B�z�ëD 100&percnt ����(�ιϧΤƨӬ�)�A�ӥB�ܤ����ڭn�i + �D�A���p�A���@�� IDE �� ESDI �˸m�]�t�j�q�� bad blocks�A���� + FreeBSD �i�ण�A�X�A�I�o���ܡA���L�j�h�ƪ� IDE �t�Υi� + �ΡA�A�i��Q�b���e�����լݬݡC + + <p>�p�G�A���@�Ӧ� bad blocks �� SCSI �˸m�A�Ь� <ref id="awre" + name="this answer">. + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڱҰʦw�˳n�Ф��ɡA�_�Ǫ��Ʊ��o�ͤF�I</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�ݨ�_�Ǫ��Ʊ��A���O���������F�άO���A�յ۱q�w�˺Ϥ��_ + �ʮɬ�M�۰ʭ��s�}���F�A�o�̦��T�Ӱ��D�A�ӥ��ݰݦۤv:- + + <enum> + <item>�A�O�_�ϥΤ@�ӷs���A��榡�ƹL�A�S��������~���n�Ф�(�i + �H�O�@�i���s���ʪ��A�ӫD�O���ؤw�g�A���ɤU���F�T�~�A�O���x�� + �e���ʭ��Ϥ�)�H + + <item>�A�O�_�� binary �Ҧ��U���n�ЬM���ɡH + (���Τ��n�N��A�N��O�ڭ̤����̦n���@�ӤH�]���N�~���� binary + �ɥ� ASCII �Ҧ��U���ܤ֤@���I) + + <item>�p�G�A���b�ϥι��O Windows95 �� Windows NT �o�X�طs���� + �@�~�t�ΡA�A���S����t�������M��Ұʨ�̭�l���A�A�u�� DOS�H + �o�� OS �ݰ_�ӷ|��ê���Ǫ����ާ@�w�骺�{���A���O�إߺϺЪ��{�� + �A�u�n�b GUI ���ҤU�� DOS shell �N�|�ɭP�o�Ӱ��D�C + </enum> + + <p>�]���L���i���� Netscape �|�ɭP�U���Ұʳn�Ъ����D�A�]���p�G�A + �i�H�A�̦n�ϥΧO�ؤ��P�� FTP client �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ϩR�I�ڤ���q tape �w�ˡI</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�q tape �w�� 2.1.7�A�A�����ΨC�� tar blocksize �O 10 + (5120 bytes)�إ߳o�� tape�C���w�� tar blocksize �O 20(10240 + bytes)�A�M�ӥγo�ؤ��w�j�p�إߪ� tape �L�k�ΨӦw�� 2.1.7R�F + �p�G�A�γo�� tapes�A�A�|�ݨ즳����ưO���Ϥj�p�L�j�����T + ���C + + <sect1> + <heading>�Τ@�����p�u(PLIP)�s����x FreeBSD�C + </heading> + + <p>��@�� laplink �u�A�T�w����q�����֤߳��䴩 lpt �X�ʵ{���C + + <verb> + $ dmesg | grep lp + lpt0 at 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa + lpt0: Interrupt-driven port + lp0: TCP/IP capable interface + </verb> + + <p>�� laplink �u���J���p�ɭ��W�C + + <p>�� root �����b��x�q���W�]�w lp0 �������ɭ��ѼơC�|�ҡA�p�G + �A�Q�� max �s�� moritz�G + + <verb> + max <-----> moritz +IP Address 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 + </verb> + + max �����ӳo�˶}�l�G + <verb> + # ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 + </verb> + + moritz �h�o�ˡG + + <verb> + # ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 + </verb> + + <P>�n�F�I�]�ЧA�ݬ� lp(4) �M lpt(4) �� manpages�C + + <P>�A�]�ӧ�o�ǥD���[�� /etc/hosts �̭��C + + <verb> + 127.0.0.1 localhost.my.domain localhost + 10.0.0.1 max.my.domain max + 10.0.0.2 moritz.my.domain moritz + </verb> + + <P>�ΥH�U��k�ˬd�O�_�����`�ʧ@�G + + on max: + +<verb> +$ ifconfig lp0 +lp0: flags=8851<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 + inet 10.0.0.1 --> 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff000000 +</verb> + +<verb> +$ netstat -r +Routing tables + +Internet: +Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire +moritz max UH 4 127592 lp0 +</verb> + +<verb> +$ ping -c 4 moritz +PING moritz (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms + +--- moritz ping statistics --- +4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss +round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms +</verb> + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڥi�H�b�ڪ����W���q���� PLIP(Parallel Line IP)�w�˶ܡH + </heading> + + <p>�� laplink ���p�u�s����x�q���H�ϥγo�ӯS�ʡG + + <verb> + +----------------------------------------+ + |A-name A-End B-End Descr. Port/Bit | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA0 2 15 Data 0/0x01 | + |-ERROR 15 2 1/0x08 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA1 3 13 Data 0/0x02 | + |+SLCT 13 3 1/0x10 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA2 4 12 Data 0/0x04 | + |+PE 12 4 1/0x20 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA3 5 10 Strobe 0/0x08 | + |-ACK 10 5 1/0x40 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA4 6 11 Data 0/0x10 | + |BUSY 11 6 1/0x80 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |GND 18-25 18-25 GND - | + +----------------------------------------+ + </verb> + + <p>�аѦ� Mobile Computing ������ <ref id="pao" name="this note">�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڸӫ��ϥΤ@�ӺϺи˸m���X��(geometry)�H + </heading> + + <p>(�@�x�ϺЪ�"gromrtry"�A�ڭ̫����O�o�x�ϺФW cylinders, heads + �M sectors/track ���ƥ� - ���F��K�B�٤��� C/H/S�C�o�O PC �� + BIOS �Ψ�Ū/�g�ϺЪ��̾�)�C + + <p>���F�Y�Dzz�ѡA�o���G�|�ɭP�ܦh�x�Z�C�����A�@�x SCSI �˸m�� + <tt /physical/ geometry �� FreeBSD �b�ϥΪ� disk blocks �O�� + ���L�����C�ƹ�W�A�èS���ҿ�"physical geometry"�o�تF��A�o + �O���Ϻо��W�ϰϱK�ת��ܤ� - �s�y�ӭn�D�O"�u�ꪺ"physical + geometry �q�`�O���A�L�̩ү��X���O�̤֪Ŷ��� geometry ���G�C + �� IDE �ϺШӻ��AFreeBSD �ϥ� C/H/S �覡�u�@�A���O�Ҧ��{�b + ���ϺФw�g�b�����⥦�ഫ���Ѧ� block �F�C + + <p>�t�~�N�O�ҿת�<tt /logical/ geometry - �o�O�� BIOS ��"�A�� + geometry �O����H"���ɭԡA�ұo�쪺���רåB�⥦�ΨӦs���ϺСC + ���}���� FreeBSD �ϥ� BIOS ��ơA���o�ӥ��T�O�۷����n���C�t�~ + �A�p�G�A�b�P�@�ӺϺо��W���@�ӥH�W���@�~�t�ΡA�L�̥������P�N + grometry�A�_�h�A�b�}���ɷ|���j���D�I + + <p>�� SCSI �Ϻо��ӻ��Ageometry ���ϥάO�̾a�Ұʱ���Ӥ䴩 + extended translation (�o�q�`�٤���"��>1GB DOS �Ϻо� + ���䴩��"�������٩I)�C�p�G���䴩�A����ϥ� N cylinders�A64 + heads �M 32 sectors/track�A�o��'N'�O���Ϻо��� MB �e�q�C�|�� + �ӻ��A�@�� 2GB ���Ϻо����Ӱ��]���� 2048 cylinders�A64 heads + �M 32 sectors/track�C + + <p>�p�G���T�w<tt /�O/ ���}��(�q�`���ѳo�ؤ�k�b MSDOS �U���Y�ǭ� + ��)�A�åB�ϺЮe�q�W�L 1GB�A�ϥ� M cylinders, �C�� track 63 sectors + (*�ӫD* 64)�A�H�� 255 heads�A�o�� 'M' �O�C MB ���ϺЮe�q���H + 7.844238 (!)�C�ҥH�ڭ̪��o�ӽd�ҡA2G �Ϻо��N�� 261 cylinders, + �C�� track 63 sectors �H�� 255 heads�C + + <p>�p�G�A���T�w�H�W�o�ӡA�άO FreeBSD �b�w�˹L�{���n���� geometry + �����T�ʮɥ��ѤF�A��²�檺�ѨM��k�q�`�O�b�ϺФW�إߤ@�Ӥp�� DOS + ���ΰϡC���T�� geometry ���ӯ�Q������]�ӥB�p�G�A���Q�O�d���A + �A�`�O�i�H�b���ΰϽs�边�̧�o�� DOS ���ΰϲ������A�άO�⥦�d�U + �ӡA���{���ƺ����d�ϥΩ��H�A�������Υ��^�C + + <p>�t�~�A���@�ӧK�O�Ӧ��Ϊ����ε{���s ``<tt/pfdisk.exe/'' �H�� + FreeBSD �����X�ӡ]��� FreeBSD CDROM �� <tt>tools</tt> �l�ؿ� + �U�άO�b�j�h�ƪ� FreeBSD ftp ���x���i���^�A�o�ӵ{���i�ΨӸ� + �M��X�t�@�@�~�t�Υ��b�ϥκϺо��W������ geometry�C�M��A�N�i + �H�b���ΰϽs�边�̭���J���C + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڤ��κϺо��꦳����ܡS</heading> + + <p>�O���C�A�����T�{�A�� root ���ΰϬO�b 1024 cylinders �����A�� + BIOS �i�H�q�䤤�Ұʮ֤ߡC(�`�N�G�o�O PC �� BIOS �\�୭��A�Ӥ� + �O FreeBSD ���^ + + <p>�� SCSI �˸m�ӻ��A�o�q�`���յ� root ���ΰϱN�|�B��}�l�� 1024 + MB(�άO�}�l�� 4096MB�A�p�G extended translation �O���}�� - �� + �Ѧҫe�@�`)�C�� IDE �ӻ��A�����������O 504MB�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �i�H�ϥκϺкz�{��(disk managers)�ܡS�άO�A�ڦ��@�ӥ��j���Ϻо��I + </heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �{�� Ontrack Disk Manager �åB���\�ϥΥ��A��L�� disk + managers �h���b�䴩���C�C + + <p>�p�G�A�u�Q�b�Ϻо��W�ϥ� FreeBSD ����A�ڥ����ݭn disk manager�C + �u�n��Ϻг]�w�� BIOS ���쪺�̤j�Ŷ�(�q�`�O 504 megabytes)�A���� + FreeBSD ���ӴN�i�H��X�A�ƹ�W�֦��h�֪Ŷ��C�p�G�A���ϥΤ@�� MFM + ����ӱ���ѺϺСA�A�i��ݭn���ժ��i�D FreeBSD �n�ϥΦh�֭� + cylinders�C + + <p>�p�G�A�Q�b�ϺФW�ϥ� FreeBSD �M�t�@�ӧ@�~�t�ΡA�A�i�ण�ݭn + disk manager�G�u�n�T�w FreeBSD ���Ұʤ��ΰϸ��L�@�~�t�Ϊ� + slice �����}�l�� 1024 cylinders ���C�p�G�A�۷��a�p�ߡA�@�� + 20 megabytes ���Ұʤ��ΰ����ӴN���F�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ڱҰ� FreeBSD�A�ڬݨ� ``Missing Operating System'' + <label id="missing_os"> + </heading> + + <p>�o�O�@�Ө嫬�����ΡA���� FreeBSD �H�� DOS �Ψ�L�b�ϺгB�z�� + ��k�W���Ĭ� OS <ref id="geometry" name="geometry.">�C�A�ݭn + ���s�w�� FreeBSD�A���O�п��ӤW���Ҵ��쪺���O���ӴN�i�H�F�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڬݤ��� boot manager �� 'F?' ���ܸ��C</heading> + + <p>�o�O�e�@���Ҵy�z���D���t�@�Ӽx���C�A�� BIOS geometry �M FreeBSD + �� geometry �]�w���ۦP�I�p�G�A������� BIOS �䴩 cylinders + translation (�q�`�Q�Хܦ�``>1GB drive support'')�A�յۧ�o�� + �]�w���}�M�᭫�s�w�� FreeBSD�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڦ� >16MB RAM�C�o�|�ɭP������D�ܡS<label id="bigram"> + </heading> + + <p>�q�į���רӬݡA���|�CFreeBSD 2.X ���t bounce buffers�A�o���\ + �A�� bus mastering controller �s���W�L 16MB�C(�`�N�p�G�A���ϥ� + ISA �˸m�o���ӬO���ݪ��A���ޤ@�өΨ�ӧ� EISA �M VLB �˸m�]�i + ��ݭn��)�C + + <p>�]�аѦ� <ref id="reallybigram" name=">64M machines"> + �o�`�A���p�A���o��h�O����A�ΰ��ϧA�ϥ� Compaq �άO��L��B�z + �o��h���ΰO���骺�����C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڻݭn�w�˧��㪺��l�{��(sources)�ܡS</heading> + + <p>�q�`�O���ݭn�C�M�ӡA�|�j�P��ij�A�̤֦w�� ``<tt/base/'' + source kit�A�o�]�t�ƭӳo��²��y�z�L���ɮסA�٦� ``<tt/sys/'' + (kernel) source kit�A�o�]�t�֤ߵ{������l�{���C�t�θ̭����� + �n����l�{���~��ާ@�A�M�ӡA���F kernel-configuration �{�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?config" + name="config">�H�~�C�ʤ֤֮ߪ���l�{���A�ڭ̪��ؿv�[�c�O�]�w + �����A�i�H�q�O�B�p NFS �ӱ��W�߿W����l�{���A�]���٬O�i�H�s + �@�s�� binaries�C�]�]�� kernel-source ������A�ڭ̫�ij�A���n + �����⥦���b <tt>/usr/src</tt> �U�A�̦n�ξA�X���Ÿ��ʭ��Ƴs + ���� source tree ���W�h�[�c�C�^ + + <p>�u�W�֦� sources �ê��D�p��إߤ@�Өt�ΡA�N�|���A�b�ɯŤ��� + FreeBSD �� releases ������e���@�I�C + + <p>�n��ڪ���� sources ���@�Ӥl���X�A�b�A�b�t�Φw�ˤu�㪺 + Distributions ���ɡA�ϥ� Custom ��涵�ءC<tt>src/install.sh</tt> + script �N�|�� sources distribution �������w�˶i�h�A�D�n�O�� + �A�ǤJ���ǰѼơC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڻݭn�إߤ@�Ӯ֤߶ܡS</heading> + + <p>�إߤ@�ӷs���֤ߦb FreeBSD �w�˹L�{���O���沈�ݪ��@�ӨB�J�C + ���s�� releases �a�Ӥ@�ӧ�͵����֤߳]�w�u����O���n�B�C�b + FreeBSD �Ұʴ��ܸ�(boot:)�ɡA�ϥ� "-c" �X���A�N�|�i�J�@�ӳ] + �w�ù��A�o���\�A���`�� ISA �d���]�w + + <p>���M��ij�A�̫�إߤ@�Ӯ֤ߡA�u�]�t�A�ݭn���X�ʵ{���A�o�O���F + �`�� RAM�A���O��j�h�ƪ��t�Ψӻ��o�o���O�Y�檺�n�D�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڤ��O���b����A���ڥi�H�ϥ� DES �ܡS</heading> + + <p>�p�G��A�ӻ��ϥ� DES �榡���[�K�N���O����ݭn���A�A�i�H�� + �� FreeBSD �����w�[�K�N�A��<bf/��n/ ���w���ʡA�åB�S���B�~ + ������CFreeBSD 2.0 ���K�X�{�b�ϥΤ��w�� <bf/MD5/-based �[�H + �V�X�A�n�Φ۰ʯ}�ѱK�X���{���h�}�ѥ��A��_ DES �ݭn��h�� CPU + �j�ƩʡA���٤��\������K�X�C���餣�ϥ� <bf/MD5/-based �[�K�� + �N���ߤ@�z�ѬO�b FreeBSD �M�D FreeBSD �t�ΤW�ϥάۦP���K�X�� + �ءC + + <p>�]�� DES �[�K�t��k����� US �X�k��X���~�A�D US �ϥΪ̤� + ���ӱq US FTP ���x�U���o�ӳn��(<tt/secrdist/�����@����)�C + + <p>�M�ӥt�~�٦��Ӧ��Ī� libcrypt�A��l�{���W�ѿD�w�� + David Burren �g���C�o�ӵ{���X�ثe�b�Y�ǫD US FreeBSD mirror + ���x�W�i�H���C�o�ӨS����� libcrypt ��l�{���A�H�ΨϥΥ� + �� binaries �{���A�i�H�b�H�U FTP ���x��o�G + + <descrip> + <tag/South Africa/ + <tt>ftp://ftp.internat.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD</tt><newline> + <tt>ftp://storm.sea.uct.ac.za/pub/FreeBSD</tt> + + <tag/Brazil/ + <tt>ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/FreeBSD</tt> + + <tag/Finland/ + <tt>ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD/eurocrypt</tt> + </descrip> + + <p>�D US �� <tt/securedist/ �i�H������� US <tt/securedist/ + ���������N�C�o�� <tt/securedist/ package �w�ˤ�k�� US + package �����@��(�� �аѦҦw�˶���)�C�p�G�A�n�� DES �[�K�k + �A�b�A�˨�L�n��e�A�A���Ӻɧ֧�L�ӡC�b�A�˨�L�n�餧�e�C + + <p>�D US �ϥΪ̽Фűq USA �U������[�K�n��C�o�|�ɭP���x���z + �̦]���Q�U�����n��S�W�ƭӪk�ߩʪ��x���C + + <p>�@�ӫD US �� Kerberos distribution �祿�b�o�i���A�{�檩���q + �i�ѰΦW FTP <tt>braae.ru.ac.za</tt> ����o�C + + <p>�]���@�� <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> �M���ΨӰQ�� + �D US �[�K�n��C����o��h��T�A�H�@�ʤ��t��W�@��T���� + ``<tt/help/'' �� email ���G + + <tt><majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za></tt>. + + <sect1> + <heading> + �Ұʳn�ж}�lŪ�F�i�O�o���b``Probing Devices...''�ù��C + </heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�w�ˤF IDE Zip �� Jaz �˸m�A�������í��s�դ@�M�C + �Ұʳn�Ф��i��|�Q�o�Ǹ˸m�V�c�F�C���t�Φw�˦n�H��A�i�H�A + �⥦���^�ӡC�Ʊ�o�b���᪺ release �����i�H�Q�ץ��C + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڦw�˦n���s�Ұʨt�Ϋ�A�ڬݨ�``panic: cant mount root'' + �����~�T���C + </heading> + + <p>�o�ӿ��~�զ]���Ұʰ϶���֤ߵ{����Ϻи˸m���{�����ۦP�C�q �o�� + ���~�|�X�{�b���ϺЪ� IDE �t�ΡA�w�бƦC�b master�A�άO�b������ + IDE �t�ΤW����@�ӺϺо��C���֤߫��w�ĤG�ӺϺб�����Ĥ@�ӺϺ� + �� wd2 �ɡA�Ұ� block �o�{���t�θ˦b wd1(�ĤG�� BIOS �Ϻо�)�C + �b�����˸m�ɡA�֤ߵ{���յۧ�Ұ� block �{�����ҰʺϺ�(wd1) mount + �_�ӡA�ƹ�W�o�O wd2�A�ҥH���ѤF�C + + <p>�n�ץ��o�Ӱ��D�A���H�U�X�ؤ�k���@�G + + <enum> + <item>�� Boot: ���ܸ��X�{�ɡA��J�G <tt>1:wd(2,a)kernel</tt> + �M��� Enter�C�p�G�t�ζ}�l�F�A�N����H�U�R�O�G +<verb> +echo "1:wd(2,a)kernel" > /boot.config +</verb> + �����ܦ����w�� boot string�C + <item>�� FreeBSD �Ϻо����� primary IDE controller�A�]���w�о��O + �s�C + <item><url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" name="Rebuild your kernel,"> + �ק靈�� wd �]�w����ơG + +<verb> +controller wdc0 at isa? port "IO_WD1" bio irq 14 vector wdintr +disk wd0 at wdc0 drive 0 +# disk wd1 at wdc0 drive 1 # comment out this line + +controller wdc1 at isa? port "IO_WD2" bio irq 15 vector wdintr +disk wd1 at wdc1 drive 0 # change from wd2 to wd1 +disk wd2 at wdc1 drive 1 # change from wd3 to wd2 +</verb> + + �w�˷s���֤ߵ{���C + �p�G�A���ʧA���Ϻо��A�çƱ����e���]�w��_�A�u�n��ϺХιw�� + ���]�w�m���^�ӵM�᭫�s�}���C�A���t�����ӴN�ন�\���ҰʡC + </enum> + + <sect1> + <heading>�O���骺����O����S</heading> + + <p>��O����ӻ��A(�z�פW)����O 4 gigabytes�C1 gigabytes �w�Q���� + �L�F�@��A���i��R��i�H�䴩�W�L�o�Ӽƥت� i386 PC�C + + <sect1> + <heading>ffs �ɮרt�Ϊ�����O����S</heading> + + <p>�� ffs filesystems �Ө��A�̤j�z�ȭ���b 8 terabytes(2G blocks + )�A�η��ϥΤ��w block�j�p�ɡA����O 16TB�C�٦��A�n�魭��O 1 + terabytes�A���p�G�O�g�L�ק諸�ɮרt�ΤW 4 terabytes �O�i��(�åB + �s�b)���C + + <p>��@ ffs �ɮת��j�p�̤j�O�ͪ� 1G blocks(4TB) - ���p block �j�p�O + 4K�C + +The maximum size of a single ffs file is approximately 1G blocks + (4TB) if the block size is 4K. + + <verb> + maxfilesize + ---------------------------------- + 2.2.7 3.0 +fs block size -stable -current works should-work +------------- ------- -------- ----- ----------- +4K 4T-1 4T-1 4T-1 4+T +8K 32+G 8T-1 32+G 16T-1 +16K 128+G 16T-1 128+G 32T-1 +32K 512+G 32T-1 512+G 64T-1 +64K 2048+G 64T-1 2048+G 128T-1 + </verb> + + <p>�� fs block �j�p�O 4K�Atriple indirect block �B�@�åB�Ҧ����Ʊ� + �����ӥH���ܦ��ϥ� triple indirect block ���̤j fs block �ӧ@�� + ��(����� 1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K)�A���b fs block �ƥؤW�o���@��(���~) + �� 1G-1 ����C�� fs block �ƥت��������ӬO 2G-1�C�b fs block + �ƥر��� 2G-1 �ɦ��I���~�A���� fs block �j�p�O 4K �ɳo�� block + �ƥجO����F�쪺�C + + <p>block �j�p�p�G�O 8K �Χ�j�Afs block �ƥ����ӭ���b 2G-1�A���� + �� fs block �ƥثo����b 1G-1�A���F�b -stable �� triple indirect + blocks �O�L�k�F�쪺�A�ҥH�̦h fs block �ƥت�����i�H���ܦ��� + double indirect blocks(�����(blocksize/4)^2 + (blocksize/4)) + �A�B�b -current �U�W�L�o�ӭ���i��|�ɭP���D���͡C�ϥΥ��T�� + 2G-1 block ����T�|�ɭP���D�o�͡C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��b�n�ФW��J 1TB �ɮסH</heading> + + <p>�ڦۤv�N�b�n�Ф��W��n�X�� :-)�C�ɮת��̤j�e�q�ƹ�W��Ϻг̤j + ���e�q�èS���K�������C�ϺЪ��̤j�e�q�O 1TB�A�o�O�@���ɮפj�p�i + �H�W�L�ϺЮe�q���@�ӯS��C + + <p>�H�U�d�ҷ|�b�p�p�� root ���ΰϫإߤ@�Өϥξ�ӺϺЪ� 32K �Ŷ� + �A�j�p�O 8T-1 ���ɮ�(3 indirect blocks and 1 data block)�Cdd + ���O�ݭn�� dd ��b�@�Ӥj�ɮפU����C + +<verb> +ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> cat foo +df . +dd if=/dev/zero of=z bs=1 seek=`echo 2^43 - 2 | bc` count=1 +ls -l z +du z +df . +ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> sh foo +Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on +/dev/sd0a 64479 27702 31619 47% / +1+0 records in +1+0 records out +1 bytes transferred in 0.000187 secs (5346 bytes/sec) +-rw-r--r-- 1 bde bin 8796093022207 Sep 7 16:04 z +32 z +Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on +/dev/sd0a 64479 27734 31587 47% / +ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> exit +</verb> + +<p>Bruce Evans, September 1998 + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml b/zh/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b11845984 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +<!-- $Id: kernelconfig.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.2 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�֤߳]�w<label id="kernelconfig"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڷQ�ۭq�֤ߵ{���A�o�|�ܧx���ܡH + <label id="make-kernel"> + </heading> + + <p>���|�I�Ьd�\ <url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" + name="kernel config section of the Handbook">. + + <p><bf/�`�N�G/�ڷ|��ij�A�b�A���֤߯ॿ�`�u�@��A���@�� + <tt/kernel.YYMMDD/����Φ����ƥ��A�o�ˤU���p�G�A�ܤ��������a + �F�]�w�A�ܤ֥i�H���ݭn�ϥγ̭�l��<tt/kernel.GENERIC/�C���p�A + ���q�@�ӨS���b GENERIC kernel �̭��䴩������̱ҰʡA�o��o�S + �O���n(�S���A�o�O���̪��g��)�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڪ��֤ߦ]��<tt/_hw_float/�ӽsĶ���ѡC + </heading> + + <p>���ڲq�ݬݡA�A��<htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?npx(4)" name="npx0">�q�A + ���֤߳]�w�ɲ����F�A�]���A�S���ƾǹB�⾹�A��ܡH���F�I:-) �o�� + <tt/npx0/�O<bf/�����n����/�C�N��A�S���ƾǹB�⾹�A�A��<bf/����/ + �ޤJ<tt/npx0/�˸m�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�h����ǦC�X�����_�Ĭ�C</heading> + + <p><bf/Q./ ���ڽsĶ�@�Ӧh����ǦC�X���֤߮ɡA���i�D�ڥu���Ĥ@�ӳQ�� + ����A��L���h�]���_�Ĭ�Ӹ��L�F�A�ڸӫ��ץ����H + + <p><bf/A./ �o�Ӱ��D�O�]�� FreeBSD �ϥΤ��ص{���X�קK�]���w��γn��� + ��ɭP�֤ߵ{���L��Τj�εL�ΡC�n�ץ��o�ر��Ϊ���k�O���F�@�Ӱ�~�� + ��L�Ҧ��� IRQ �]�w�����O�d�C�o�̦��@�ӽd�ҡG + + <verb> + # + # Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS + # + device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr + device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr + device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr + device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��Ұ� QIC-40/80 ���䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�A�ݭn�b�@��]�w�ɤ���H�U�o�檺���Ѩ���(�άO�⥦�[��A���]�w�� + )�A�b<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdc(4)" + name="fdc">�o��[�J``<tt/flags 0x1/''�M�᭫�s�sĶ�֤ߡC + + <verb> +controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 flags 0x1 vector fdintr +disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 ^^^^^^^^^ +disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 +#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + </verb> + + <p>���ۡA�A�i�H�b<tt>/dev</tt>�إߤ@�ӥs<tt>/dev/ft0</tt>���˸m + �M�����H�U�R�O�G + + <verb> + sh ./MAKEDEV ft0 + </verb> + + <p>�O���Ĥ@�Ӹ˸m�ϥΡC�P�z<tt/ft1/�O�ĤG�ӡA�H�������C + + <p>�A�N�|���ӥs<tt>/dev/ft0</tt>���˸m�A�i�H�z�L�@�ӯS�����{���s + ``<tt/ft/''���Ӻz�� - �Ь�<htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ft" name="ft"> + �� man page ����i�@�B�����C + + <p>������<tt/-current/�����t�Φb�B�z�a���ϱa�C��ɦ��ǰ��D�A�p�G�A + ��<tt/ft/���G�@����b�P�@�Ӱ�A���ձq<tt/-current/�̪� + <tt>/usr/src/sbin/ft</tt>��X�̷s����<tt/ft/�åB�լݬݡC + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/misc.sgml b/zh/FAQ/misc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3f9ac79e5d --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/misc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +<!-- $Id: misc.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by zmx@mail.CDPA.nsysu.edu.tw --> +<!-- English Version: 1.8 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�䥦�U���U�˪����D<label id="misc"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ƻ� FreeBSD �Ϊ� swap �Ŷ��� Linux �h? + </heading> + + <p>���O�o�˪�. �p�G�A���N��O: ``���ƻ�ڪ� swap �ݰ_�Ӻ��F?'' + ���O�]����F���b swap �̫᮳�^�Ӫ��t�|�� pager �g���ɮרt + �ή��^(���ק�)������X��. + + + <p>�ƹ�W, �O���餤 dirty pages ���q�å����; clean pages �h�b�� + �n���ɫᲾ��. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ƻ�n��(�ƻ�O) a.out �M ELF �����ɮ榡? + </heading> + + <p>�n�F�Ѭ��ƻ� FreeBSD �ϥ� <tt>a.out</tt> �榡, �����A�n���D�@�� + �ثe Unix ���ϥγ̼s�x���T�خ榡: + + <itemize> + <item><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" + name="a.out"> + + <p>�̦��M`�j��'�� unix �ت��ɮ榡. �ϥΤ@�صu�Ӻ�K�����Y, + ���H�@�ӳq�`�Ψӿ�{�榡���]�N�Ʀr(�Ѧ� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" + name="a.out(5)"> ����h�Ӹ`). �㦳�T�Ӹ`��: .text, .data, �M .bss + �[�W�@�ӲŸ����M�r���. + + <item><bf>COFF</bf> + <p>SVR3 �ت��ɮ榡. ���Y�]�t�F�@�Ӹ`�Ϫ�, �ҥH�i�H��Ƥ� + .text, .data, .bss �٦h���`��.</item> + + <item><bf>ELF</bf> + <p><tt/COFF/ �����~��, �㦳�h�Ӹ`�ϥH�� 32-bit �� 64-bit �� + possible values. �D�n�����I:<tt/ELF/ �O�b�C�Өt�ά[�c�u + �|���@�� ABI �����]�U�]�p�X�Ӫ�. �ƹ�W�o�Ӱ��]��������, + �Y�ϬO�ӷ~�� SYSV �@��, �]�ܤ֦� SVR4, Solaris, SCO �T�� ABI. + + <p>FreeBSD �ǥѤ@�Ӥu��, ��{���ݭn���� ABI ����T <em>�O�L</em> + �b <tt/ELF/ �����ɤW. + �Ѧ� man page + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?brandelf" + name="brandelf"> ���o��h��T. + </itemize> + + <p>FreeBSD �Ӧ� "�j��" �}��, �DzΤW���ϥ� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" + name="a.out"> �榡, �o�O�b�n�X�N�� BSD ���ҩ��i�a���p�N. + ���M�i�H�b FreeBSD �W�i�H�إߥH�ΰ����ͪ� <tt/ELF/ ������( + �H�ή֤�), ��}�l FreeBSD �Ϲ��ഫ��H <tt/ELF/ �����w�]�� + �榡. ���ƻ�? ��. �� Linux �}�l�h�W�a�ഫ�� <tt/ELF/, �ëD�]�� + �n�k�� <tt/a.out/ �榡, �ӬO�]���L�̨S���u�ʪ�, �H���D������¦ + ���@�ɵ{���w����. ���O�@�ثD�`���H�ϥ�, �o�i�̤����w���F��. �J + �M�w�g�s�b�� <tt/ELF/ �u�㴣�ѤF�@�ɵ{���w���ѨM���, �ӥB�ݨ� + �O "�e�ê���k", �һݪ��N���N�i�����]���ഫ. + + <p>�b FreeBSD �����p��, �ڭ̪��@�ɵ{���w����� <tt>SunOS</tt> �� + ����, �]�N�O, ����ϥ�. + �M��, �q 3.0 �}�l, FreeBSD �����䴩 <tt/ELF/ ���w�]�榡. �Y�� + <tt/a.out/ �榡���M�D�`�n, �ڭ̽sĶ�u�㪺���g��, GNU ������, + �w����F��, <tt/a.out/ �榡���䴩. �o���ϧڭ̺��@�t�@�������� + compiler �M linker, �]�ϱo�ڭ̤���q�̷s�� GNU �o�i���G����o + �n�B. ���~�� ISO-C++ ���ݨD, �ר�O�غc�̩M�Ѻc��, �]�a�ʥ��� + �������� <tt/ELF/ ����ͤ䴩. + + <sect1> + <heading>�n�a, �����ƻ�|���o��h�ؤ��P���榡?</heading> + + <p>�b�·t���L�h, �u��²�檺�w��. ²�檺�w��䴩�p���B²�檺�t��. + a.out �b²�檺�t�ΤW�ӥ��r�� (PDP-11). �� unix ���Ө��L���x��, + a.out �O�d�F�U��, �]���玲���� Motorola 68K, VAX �������[�c�w�g + ���ΤF. + + <p>�M�ᦳ�ǵw��u�{�vı�o���n��h���I��, �� CPU ���q����N��� + �@�I�Ӷ]�����. �n�b�o�طs���w��W�u�@(�{�b�٬�RISC), <tt/a.out �N + ���A�X�F, �ҥH�ݦh���榡�N�o�i�X�ӥH���Ѥ�����B²�檺<tt/a.out �� + �n���į�. ���O <tt/COFF/, <tt/ECOFF/, �H�Τ@�Ǥ����W���榡, �C�@�� + ��������� <tt/ELF/. + + <p>���~, ���{���V�ӶV�j��Ϻ�(�H�ΥD�O����)�۹�ӻ����p��, �@�� + �{���w�������N�o�i�X�ӤF. �����O����t�Τ]�ܱo�V�ӶV�륩. ���C�@ + �ضi�B���b <tt/a.out/ �W������, �����i�Ωʤ]�V�ӶV�C. �t�~, �H�� + �٦��b����ɴ��i�H�ʺA���J, �άO������L����l�Ƶ{���H�`�ٰO�� + ��. �{���y���]�ܱo��륩�ӥB�H�̷Q�n�b�b main ���e����O���{���X + . �\�h�c�����ޥ��Φb <tt/a.out/ �W�H�ѨM�o�ǰ��D. <tt/a.out/ �n + �ѨM�o�ǰ��D�ݭn�V�ӶV�h�B�~���t��M������. �� <tt/ELF/ �������� + �M�o�ǰ��D, �q�W�i�H�u�@���t���ഫ�o�ܵh�W. �ҥH<tt/ELF/ �n + ������@ <tt/a.out/ ���ഫ�� <tt/ELF/ �ٵh�W. + + <p>�M��, �H�ۮɶ��L�h, FreeBSD �� build tools �Φ��F���檺��� + (�ר�O��Ķ���M loader). FreeBSD �o��[�i�F�@�ɵ{���w�H�έץ� + �F�@�ǿ��~. GNU ��Ӽ��g�o�ǵ{�����H�h���g�F�o�ǵ{��, �å[�J�F + ���x�sĶ, ���P�榡�Ҳդ������F���²�檺�䴩. �\�h�H�Q�n + ���X�H FreeBSD ���ت����x���x�sĶ��, �������O FreeBSD �� as + �M ld ���వ�o���u�@. �s�� GNU �u��(binutils) �[�J�F�x�sĶ�B + <tt/ELF/�B�@�ɵ{���w�BC++ �X�R, ����. ���~, �\�h�t�ӥH <tt/ELF/ �� + ���o�沣�~, �ӯ���b FreeBSD �W�]���ܷ��M�ܦn. �ӥB�p�G��] <tt/ELF/ + �榡��������, ���ƻ��٭n�z <tt/a.out/ ? �e�O�@�ǤS�֤S�Ѫ���, �L + �h�D�`����, ���O�ɫ����e�h��F. + + <p><tt/ELF/ �� a.out ���������F�O(expressive?)�ӥB�㦳��h�� + �X�R��. <tt/ELF/ �u����@������n, �ӥB���Ѹx�sĶ���䴩, + �o��\�h�H�ӻ��O�ܭ��n��. <tt/ELF/ �i��� a.out �C�@�I, ���t�� + �D�`�����q�X��. �o��̤����٦��\�h�Ӹ`�W�����P, �Ҧp���������� + �覡, ��l�Ƶ{���X���@�k����. �o�Ǩä��O�ܭ��n, ���N�O���P. �b + �H�� GENERIC �֤ߤ��|��D <tt/a.out/ , �����b������Dz� <tt/a.out/ + �{�����ݭn��, �|�q�֤߲���. + + <sect1> + <heading>���ƻ� chmod ���|���ܲŸ��s��(symlink)���s���v��?</heading> + + <p>�A������ ``<tt/-H/'' �άO ``<tt/-L/'' �P ``<tt/-R/'' �ﶵ�@�_�ϥ�. + �Ѧ�<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" + name="chmod"> + ��<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?symlink" + name="symlink"> man pages �H���o��h��T. + + <p><bf/ĵ�i/ ``<tt/-R/'' �ﶵ�|�� <tt/chmod/ ��<bf/���j/. ���w�ؿ� + �άO�s����ؿ��� symlink �ɭn�p��. �p�G�A�n���ܤ@�ӲŸ��s���ѦҨ� + ���ؿ����s���v��, �ϥ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> �B���n + �[����ﶵ, �åB�b symlink �������[�W�u(``<tt>/</tt>''). �|�Ҩӻ� + , �p�G ``<tt/foo/'' �s���� ``<tt/bar/'', �ӧA�n��� ``<tt/foo/'' �� + �v�� (�ƹ�W�O ``<tt/bar/''), ���N��: + + + <verb> + chmod 555 foo/ + </verb> + + <p>�̷ӵ������u, <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> �| + �g�L�s�� ``<tt/foo/'', �ӧ��� ``<tt/bar/'' �ؿ����v��. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ƻ�b�� <bf/���M/ ����K�Ӧr��? + </heading> + + <p>�A�|�{���ק� <bf/UT_NAMESIZE/ �M�᭫�بt�άO��²�檺�Ʊ�, �ӥB + �C��Ƴ��i�H�B���a�ܦn. �������O���\�h���{���M�u��(�]�t�t�Τu��) + ��Ʀr�g���b�{����(�ëD�`�O 8 �� 9, ���ɬO�j�Ǫ��p 15 �M 20). + �o���u�|��A���O���ɧ��a(�Ӧ۩��ܰʪ��שM�T�w���װO�����t��), �] + �|�}�a Sun �� NIS �Ȥ�ݪ��B��, �M�䥦 UNIX �t�Ϊ����ۼv�T�]�i�� + ����b�����D. + + <p>�b FreeBSD 3.0 �H�Τ��᪺����, �b�����̤j���W�[��16�Ӧr��, + �Ө��Ǽg�����ת��{���]��X�ӭץ�. �v�T��t�Φp���h�������O���� + 3.0 �~���ק諸��].</p> + + <p>�p�G�A���۫H�b�X���D���ɫ��ۦ�ѨM, �A�i�H�ΤU������k�������� + �����䴩�������b��. �ק� /usr/include/utmp.h ���� UT_NAMESIZE. �A�] + ������ /usr/include/sys/param.h ���� MAXLOGNAME �令�� UT_NAMESIZE + �۲�. �̫�, �p�G�A�O�q��l�{���إߨt��, �O�ѤF /usr/include �C���� + �|��s! �ק� /usr/src/.. ���A�����ɮ�. </p> + + <sect1> + <heading>�گ�b FreeBSD �U�] DOS �{����?</heading> + + <p>�O��, �q 3.0 ���}�l�i�H�ϥΤw�g��X�å[�j�� BSDI <tt/rundos/ + DOS ������. �p�G�A�̳o�ӪF�観����, �e�ʫH�� + <url url="mailto:freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org" + name="The FreeBSD emulation discussion list"> + + <p>�� 3.0 ���e���t��, �b port �����@�ӷ��Ϊ��u��{�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^pcemu" name="pcemu"> + �i�H���� 8088 �M������ BIOS �A�ȥH���� DOS ��r�Ҧ��{��. �����n X Window + System (�� XFree86 ����). + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ƻ�O ``<tt/sup/'', �p��ϥ�? + </heading> + + <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^sup" name="SUP"> + �N��O Software Update Protocol, �� CMU �o�i�H�����o�i���P�B. + �ڭ̧Q�ΥL�ӫO�����ݪ����x�M��l���x�P�B. + + <p>SUP ���W�e���ϥΤ��͵�, �ӥB�w���F. �ثe��ij������l�X��s����k�O + <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="Handbook entry on CVSup"> + + + <sect1> + <heading>How cool is FreeBSD?</heading> + + <p>��: ���H���L FreeBSD ����ɪ��ū״��ն�? �ڪ��D Linux �� DOS �D, + ���Sť�H���L FreeBSD. ���G�ܼ�. + + <p>A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded + volunteers who have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 + administered beforehand. 35% of the volunteers said that FreeBSD + tasted sort of orange, whereas Linux tasted like purple haze. + Neither group mentioned any particular variances in temperature + that I can remember. We eventually had to throw the results of + this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too many + volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus + skewing the results. I think most of the volunteers are at Apple + now, working on their new ``scratch and sniff'' GUI. It's a + funny old business we're in! + + <p>���}�����F, FreeBSD �M Linux ���ϥ� ``<tt/HLT/'' (hald) ���O + �H�b�t�ζ��m�ɭ��C�q�O���ϥΤ]��֤F��������. �p�G���]�w APM + (automatic power management), FreeBSD �]�i�H�� CPU �i�J�C�q�O + �Ҧ�. + + <sect1> + <heading>�֦b�ڪ��O���鴡�Ѥ��F�F�@�T??</heading> + + <p>��: FreeBSD �sĶ�֤߮ɦ����ƻ� "�_�S" �������OĶ��F�F�@�T��? + ���sĶ��(�٦��}���ɽT�{�n�Ы᪺�u�Ȯɶ�), �]�ئ��G�Ӧ۰O���鴡�� + ���_���n��. + + <p>��; �O��! �b BSD ����A�|�`�`�ݨ� ``�I���F'', �j�������H + �������D���O�@�ع�ڦs�b���믫�� --- �x���ۧA���q��. �Ať�쪺�n�� + �O�o�ǭI���F�H�����f��b���q��˰��\�h���t�κz�u�@. + + <p>�p�G�o���n���ܧx�Z�A, �Ӧ� DOS �� ``<tt>fdisk /mbr</tt>'' �N + ���\��, ���p�G���ۤϪ��ĪG�]���n��Y. �ƹ�W, �p�G�b������ť�� + Bill Gates ���ƪ��n���q���ت���z�Ǩ�, ���W�k�ӥB���n�^�Y! + �q BSD �I���F�����Ū��v�T���ѩ�, DOS �M Windows �I���F�q�`���� + ���s�����x�����ù�A���F��A�G. �p�G�����, �ڷQ�ڹ��@�ߺD�_ + �Ǫ��n��. + + <sect1> + <heading>MFC �O�ƻ�N��?</heading> + + <p>MFC �O 'Merged From -CURRENT' ���Y�g. �ϥΦb CVS �O�����H + ���ܱq CURRENT ����X�i STABLE ���䪺����. + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/network.sgml b/zh/FAQ/network.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8cbbaa5ac9 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/network.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,1158 @@ +<!-- $Id: network.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by wing@cc.nsysu.edu.tw --> +<!-- English Version: 1.18 --> + + <sect> + <heading>Networking<label id="networking"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�����Ө����䦳���L�Ϻж}�� (diskless booting) �����?</heading> + + <p>�L�Ϻж}���N�O�� FreeBSD �D���q�����W�}��,�åB�q�����W�� server �WŪ�� + ��L���n���ɮ�,�ӫD�ѥD�����w�ФW���o�o���ɮסC �ԲӪ���ƥi�H�Ѧ� + its hard disk. For full details, please read + <url url="../handbook/diskless.html" + name="FreeBSD ��U���L�Ϻж}���g"> + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD ���D���i�H���@�Y�Ӻ����W�����Ѿ� (router) �� ? + </heading> + + <p>�ѩ���ں������зǤƩM�{���]�p���R���g�礧��,�ڭ� + ����b FreeBSD �t�Τ��ثʥ]��� (packet fowarding) ���\��C�A�i�H + �N�o�ӥ\�ॴ�},�u�n�N�o���ܼƳ]�w�� + <tt/YES/ �b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" + name="rc.conf">�o���ɮפ� + + <verb> + gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway + </verb> + + <p>�o�ӿﶵ�|�N <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl" name="sysctl"> �ܼƳ]�w + <tt/net.inet.ip.forwarding/ �� <tt/1/. + + <p>�b�j���������p�U, �A�٥����A�]�@�ӳB�z routing ���{��,�i�D�����W����L + �D������A�� router �]�w�����; FreeBSD + �X�t�ɫK�����@�ӼзǪ� BSD routing �{�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?routed" + name="routed">, �p�G�A�������]�w����,�A�i�H�ոլ� + <em/GaTeD/ (�i�H�H FTP �覡�� <tt/ftp.gated.Merit.EDU/ �U��) + �o�ӵ{���� 3_5Alpha7 ��䴩 FreeBSD . + + <p>�ڭ̦����n�i�D�A,�N��O FreeBSD �H�o�ؤ覡�]�w���� + , ���٬O�L�k�������� Internet �� router ���зǩw�q + ;���L, �N��`�ϥΦӨ����w�g�������I�ϥΪ̪��ݨD�F�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�z�L FreeBSD �N�ڪ� Win95 �����s�W Internet ��?</heading> + + <p>�W, �|�ݳo�ذ��D���H�b�a�̦ܤ֦���x�q��, �@�x�] FreeBSD + �t�~�@�x�] Win95; �o�ӥD�N�O�N FreeBSD �D���s�W Internet + ,�M��z�L�o�x FreeBSD �D��,���] Win95 ���q������W���C + �o�Ӱ��D��O�e�@�Ӱ��D���@�ӯS�ҡC + + <p>�o�䦳���n�����,�ЧA���� FreeBSD ���D���]�w�� + <url url="http://www.ssimicro.com/~jeremyc/ppp.html" + name="PPP Dialup Router"> + + <p><bf/�`�N:/ �b�o�ت��p�U�A�ܤ֭n����ӥH�W���T�w IP addresses + , ���ɬO�T�ӥH�W�Χ�h�� IP �P�ɨϥ�, ���A���ݨD�өw�C + �p�G�A�S���T�w�� IP �i�H�ϥ�,�A�i�H�Ҽ{�ϥ� private IP + �l����,�æw�� <bf/proxies/ �Ҧp + <url url="http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/" name="SQUID"> �άO + <url url="http://www.tis.com/" name="the TIS firewall toolkit"> + �b�A�� FreeBSD �D���W�C + + <p>�t�~�i�H�Ѧ� <ref id="natd">. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ������ڦb compile ISC �̷s���� BIND �{���ɦѬO����? + </heading> + + <p>�b ``<tt/cdefs.h/'' �ɮפ����w�q�P FreeBSD �t�Τ����� + ���ɮשw�q���ҽĬ�C������ + <tt>compat/include/sys/cdefs.h</tt> �屼�N�i�H�F�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 SLIP �M PPP ��?</heading> + + <p>�O���C �A�i�H�d�d man pages ������ + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach" + name="slattach">, <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" name="sliplogin">, + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppd" name="pppd"> �H�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> ������. + <tt/pppd/ �M <tt/ppp/ �����Ѽ��i�μ��X���\��C + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" + name="Sliplogin"> �M���B�z�������J���\��,�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach" + name="slattach"> �B�z�������X���\��C + + <p>�o�ǵ{�����ԲӪ�����,�A�i�H�b + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="handbook">�����: + + <itemize> + <item><url url="../handbook/slips.html" + name="SLIP (server ��) ������"> + + <item><url url="../handbook/slipc.html" + name="SLIP (client ��) ������"> + + <item><url url="../handbook/ppp.html" + name="PPP (kernel �Ҧ�) ������"> + + <item><url url="../handbook/userppp.html" + name="PPP (�ϥΪ̼Ҧ�) ������"> + </itemize> + + <p>�p�G�A�u���ǥ�"shell account"���覡�W������, + �A�i��|�Q�ݬ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^slirp" name="slirp"> + �o�ӳn��C ���i�H���A���q�������s�W (�Y��) �A��, + �Ҧp ftp �M http �����C + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD �䴩 NAT �� Masquerading ��?<label id="natd"> + </heading> + + <p>�p�G�A���@�Ӫ�ݪ��l����(���@�x�H�W������), ���O�A�� Internet provider + �o�u���t�@�� IP number ���A + (�Ϊ̧A�u���t��@�ӰʺA�� IP number), �A�i�H�Ѧ� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?natd" name="natd"> + �o�ӵ{���C <tt/Natd/ ���A�i�H�z�L�o�@�� IP number ����Ӥl�������q������ + �s�W internet �C + + <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" + name="ppp"> �o�ӵ{���]�����������\�� , �p�G�A�U + <tt/-alias/ �o�ӿﶵ���ܡC <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="alias library"> + �b�o��ӳB�z�覡�����|�Q�ϥΨ�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڤ���ϥ� ppp ,�ڰ����F����� ?<label id="userppp"> + </heading> + + <p>�A���ӥ��ݬ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp man page"> �M + <url url="../handbook/userppp.html" + name="ppp �ϥλ���">. �ϥΥH�U���O�ӥ��}�O�� (logging) ���\�� + + <verb> + set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command + </verb> + + <p>�o�өR�O�i�H�b <bf/ppp/ command prompt �Ϊ̬O�b + <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</tt> �պA�ɮפ��[�J�C + (�[�b <bf>default</bf> section ���}�Y�̦n). + �T�w�b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?syslog.conf" + name="/etc/syslog.conf"> �̭����o��@��: + + <verb> + !ppp + *.* /var/log/ppp.log + </verb> + + <p>�ӥB<tt>/var/log/ppp.log</tt> �o���ɮצs�b�C �p���@�� + �A�i�H�q log �ɮפ����D�쩳�o�ͤF����Ʊ��C + �����ξ���ɮת����e�A�ݤ���, �p�G�A�n�V�H�D�Ϫ��� + , �ϧA���H�|�ݱo�����C + + <p>�p�G�A�t�ΤW������ ppp ������ "set log" + �����O����, �A���ӥh�U�� + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~brian" name="�̷s����">. + �o�Ӫ����b FreeBSD 2.1.5 �H�W���������i�H�ϥΡC + + <sect2> + <heading>�ڤ@���� ppp ,���N���b���䤣�ʤF</heading> + + <p>�|�o�ͳo�ر��γq�`�O�A�� hostname �S����k�ѥX�ӡC �ѨM�o�Ӱ��D + �̦n����k�O�T�w <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> �|�Q�A�� resolver �Ĥ@�ӰѦҨ�C + �A�i�H�ק�<tt>/etc/host.conf</tt> + �åB��<tt>hosts</tt> ���̫e��. ����, �u�n��A�������W�٩�� + <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> �̭��N�i�H�F�C �p�G�A�S�� + local network ����, �ק� <tt>localhost</tt> �o�@��: + + <verb> +127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost + </verb> + + �_�h, �N��A�D������T�[�J�ɮפ��C �A�i�H�Ѧ� + ������ man pages �H��o�i�@�B����T�C + <p>�p�G�A���Q�������o�ǰʧ@, �A���ӥi�H���\������ <tt>ping -c1 `hostname`</tt> + . + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp �b -auto �Ҧ��U���༷��</heading> + + <p>�����T�w�A�����w���� (default route) �O�_���]�w�C �U <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat"> + name="netstat -rn"> �o�ӫ��O, �A���ӯ���ݨ�p�H�U�d�Ҫ���� entries : + + <verb> +Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire +default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 +10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0 + </verb> + + <p>This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the + handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file. + If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're + running an old version of <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" + name="ppp"> that doesn't understand the + word <tt/HISADDR/ in the ppp.conf file. If your version of + <bf/ppp/ is from before FreeBSD 2.2.5, change the + + <verb> + add 0 0 HISADDR + </verb> + + <p>line to one saying + + <verb> + add 0 0 10.0.0.2 + </verb> + + <p>Another reason for the default route line being missing is that + you have mistakenly set up a default router in your + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" + name="/etc/rc.conf"> file (this file was called + <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> prior to release 2.2.2), and you have + omitted the line saying + + <verb> + delete ALL + </verb> + + <p>from <tt>ppp.conf</tt>. If this is the case, go back to the + <url url="../handbook/userppp:final.html" + name="Final system configuration"> section of the handbook. + + <sect2> + <heading>What does "No route to host" mean</heading> + + <p>This error is usually due to a missing + + <verb> + MYADDR: + delete ALL + add 0 0 HISADDR + </verb> + + <p>section in your <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> file. This is + only necessary if you have a dynamic IP address or don't know the + address of your gateway. If you're using interactive mode, you can + type the following after entering <tt/packet mode/ (packet mode is + indicated by the capitalized <bf/PPP/ in the prompt): + + <verb> + delete ALL + add 0 0 HISADDR + </verb> + + <p>Refer to the <url url="../handbook/userppp:dynamicIP.html" + name="PPP and Dynamic IP addresses"> section of the handbook + for further details. + + <sect2> + <heading>My connection drops after about 3 minutes</heading> + + <p>The default ppp timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted + with the line + + <verb> + set timeout NNN + </verb> + + <p>where <bf/NNN/ is the number of seconds of inactivity before the + connection is closed. If <bf/NNN/ is zero, the connection is + never closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in + the <tt>ppp.conf</tt> file, or to type it at the prompt in + interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while + the line is active by connecting to <bf/ppp/s server socket using + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet" name="telnet"> + or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl" + name="pppctl">. Refer to the + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> man + page for further details. + + <sect2> + <heading>My connection drops under heavy load</heading> + + <p>If you have Link Quality Reporting (LQR) configured, it is + possible that too many LQR packets are lost between your + machine and the peer. Ppp deduces that the line must therefore + be bad, and disconnects. Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, + LQR was enabled by default. It is now disabled by default. + LQR can be disabled with the line + + <verb> + disable lqr + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>My connection drops after a random amount of time</heading> + + <p>Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with + call waiting enabled, your modem may hang up because it + thinks (incorrectly) that it lost carrier. + + <p>There's a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant + it should be to temporary losses of carrier. On a USR + Sportster for example, this is measured by the S10 register in + tenths of a second. To make your modem more forgiving, you could + add the following send-expect sequence to your dial string: + + <verb> + set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......" + </verb> + + <p>Refer to your modem manual for details. + + <sect2> + <heading>Nothing happens after the Login OK! message</heading> + + <p>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was established, + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" + name="ppp"> would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control + Protocol (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and + expect the client to do so. To force <bf/ppp/ to initiate + the LCP, use the following line: + + <verb> + set openmode active + </verb> + + <p><bf/Note/: It usually does no harm if both sides initiate + negotiation, so openmode is now active by default. However, + the next section explains when it <bf/does/ do some harm. + + <sect2> + <heading>I keep seeing errors about magic being the same</heading> + + <p>Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages in + the log that say "magic is the same". Sometimes, these + messages are harmless, and sometimes one side or the other + exits. Most ppp implementations cannot survive this problem, and + even if the link seems to come up, you'll see repeated configure + requests and configure acknowledgements in the log file until + ppp eventually gives up and closes the connection. + + <p>This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that + are spawning a getty on the port, and executing ppp from a + login script or program after login. I've also heard reports + of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is + that in the time taken between getty exiting and ppp starting, the + client-side ppp starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) + packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on + the server, the client ppp sees these packets "reflect" back. + + <p>One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number + for each side of the link so that "reflections" can be detected. + The protocol says that when the peer tries to negotiate + the same magic number, a NAK should be sent and a new magic + number should be chosen. During the period that the server + port has ECHO turned on, the client ppp sends LCP packets, + sees the same magic in the reflected packet and NAKs it. It + also sees the NAK reflect (which also means ppp must change + its magic). This produces a potentially enormous number of + magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into + the server's tty buffer. As soon as ppp starts on the server, + it's flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately + decides it's tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up. + Meanwhile, the client, who no longer sees the reflections, + becomes happy just in time to see a hangup from the server. + + <p>This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating + with the following line in your ppp.conf file: + + <verb> + set openmode passive + </verb> + + <p>This tells ppp to wait for the server to initiate LCP + negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate negotiations. + If this is the case, you can do something like: + + <verb> + set openmode active 3 + </verb> + + <p>This tells ppp to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start + sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during + this period, ppp will immediately respond rather than waiting for + the full 3 second period. + + <sect2> + <heading> + LCP negotiations continue 'till the connection is closed + </heading> + + <p>There is currently an implementation mis-feature in <bf/ppp/ + where it doesn't associate LCP, CCP & IPCP responses with + their original requests. As a result, if one <bf/ppp/ + implementation is more than 6 seconds slower than the other side, + the other side will send two additional LCP configuration requests. + This is fatal. + + Consider two implementations, <bf/A/ and <bf/B/. <bf/A/ starts + sending LCP requests immediately after connecting and <bf/B/ takes + 7 seconds to start. When <bf/B/ starts, <bf/A/ has sent 3 LCP + REQs. We're assuming the line has ECHO switched off, otherwise + we'd see magic number problems as described in the previous section. + <bf/B/ sends a REQ, then an ACK to the first of <bf/A/'s REQs. + This results in <bf/A/ entering the <bf/OPENED/ state and sending + and ACK (the first) back to <bf/B/. In the meantime, <bf/B/ sends + back two more ACKs in response to the two additional REQs sent by + <bf/A/ before <bf/B/ started up. <bf/B/ then receives the first + ACK from <bf/A/ and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. <bf/A/ receives + the second ACK from <bf/B/ and goes back to the <bf/REQ-SENT/ state, + sending another (forth) REQ as per the RFC. It then receives the + third ACK and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. In the meantime, + <bf/B/ receives the forth REQ from <bf/A/, resulting in it reverting + to the <bf/ACK-SENT/ state and sending another (second) REQ and + (forth) ACK as per the RFC. <bf/A/ gets the REQ, goes into + <bf/REQ-SENT/ and sends another REQ. It immediately receives the + following ACK and enters <bf/OPENED/. + + <p>This goes on 'till one side figures out that they're getting + nowhere and gives up. + + <p>The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be + <bf/passive/ - that is, make one side wait for the other to start + negotiating. This can be done with the + + <verb> + set openmode passive + </verb> + + command. Care should be taken with this option. You should also + use the + + <verb> + set stopped N + </verb> + + command to limit the amount of time that <bf/ppp/ waits for the peer + to begin negotiations. Alternatively, the + + <verb> + set openmode active N + </verb> + + command (where <bf/N/ is the number of seconds to wait before + starting negotiations) can be used. Check the manual page for + details. + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp locks up shortly after connecting</heading> + + <p>Prior to version 2.2.5 of FreeBSD, it was possible that your + link was disabled shortly after connection due to <bf/ppp/ + mis-handling Predictor1 compression negotiation. This would + only happen if both sides tried to negotiate different + Compression Control Protocols (CCP). This problem is now + corrected, but if you're still running an old version of + <bf/ppp/, the problem can be circumvented with the line + + <verb> + disable pred1 + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp locks up when I shell out to test it</heading> + + <p>When you execute the <tt/shell/ or <tt/!/ command, <bf/ppp/ + executes a shell (or if you've passed any arguements, <bf/ppp/ + will execute those arguements). Ppp will wait for the command + to complete before continuing. If you attempt to use the + ppp link while running the command, the link will appear to have + frozen. This is because <bf/ppp/ is waiting for the command + to complete. + + <p>If you wish to execute commands like this, use the + <tt/!bg/ command instead. This will execute the given command + in the background, and ppp can continue to service the link. + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp over a null-modem cable never exits</heading> + + <p>There is no way for <bf/ppp/ to automatically determine that + a direct connection has been dropped. This is due to the + lines that are used in a null-modem serial cable. When using + this sort of connection, LQR should always be enabled with + the line + + <verb> + enable lqr + </verb> + + <p>LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer. + + <sect2> + <heading>Why does ppp dial for no reason in -auto mode</heading> + + <p>If <bf/ppp/ is dialing unexpectedly, you must determine the + cause, and set up Dial filters (dfilters) to prevent such dialing. + + <p>To determine the cause, use the following line: + + <verb> + set log +tcp/ip + </verb> + + <p>This will log all traffic through the connection. The next + time the line comes up unexpectedly, you will see the reason + logged with a convenient timestamp next to it. + + <p>You can now disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually, + this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent + DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will <bf/not/ + prevent <bf/ppp/ from passing the packets through an established + connection), use the following: + + <verb> + set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53 + set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53 + set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0 + </verb> + + <p>This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break your + demand-dial capabilities - most programs will need a DNS lookup + before doing any other network related things. + + <p>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is actually + trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail" + name="sendmail"> is the culprit. You should make sure that you tell + sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See + the section on <ref id="ispmail" name="Mail Configuration"> for + details on how to create your own configuration file and what should + go into it. You may also want to add the following line to your + <bf/.mc/ file: + + <verb> + define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl + </verb> + + <p>This will make sendmail queue everything until the queue is + run (usually, sendmail is invoked with ``-bd -q30m'', telling it + to run the queue every 30 minutes) or until a ``sendmail -q'' + is done (perhaps from your ppp.linkup file). + + <sect2> + <heading>What do these CCP errors mean</heading> + + <p>I keep seeing the following errors in my log file: + + <verb> + CCP: CcpSendConfigReq + CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6) + </verb> + + <p>This is because ppp is trying to negotiate Predictor1 + compression, and the peer does not want to negotiate any + compression at all. The messages are harmless, but if you + wish to remove them, you can disable Predictor1 compression + locally too: + + <verb> + disable pred1 + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp locks up during file transfers with IO errors</heading> + + <p>Under FreeBSD 2.2.2 and before, there was a bug in the tun + driver that prevents incoming packets of a size larger than + the tun interface's MTU size. Receipt of a packet greater than + the MTU size results in an IO error being logged via syslogd. + + <p>The ppp specification says that an MRU of 1500 should + <bf>always</bf> be accepted as a minimum, despite any LCP + negotiations, therefore it is possible that should you decrease + the MTU to less than 1500, your ISP will transmit packets of + 1500 regardless, and you will tickle this non-feature - locking + up your link. + + <p>The problem can be circumvented by never setting an MTU of + less than 1500 under FreeBSD 2.2.2 or before. + + <sect2> + <heading>Why doesn't ppp log my connection speed?</heading> + + <p>In order to log all lines of your modem ``conversation'', + you must enable the following: + + <verb> + set log +connect + </verb> + + <p>This will make + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> + log everything up until the last requested "expect" string. + + <p>If you wish to see your connect speed and are using PAP or CHAP + (and therefore don't have anything to "chat" after the CONNECT + in the dial script - no "set login" script), you must make sure that + you instruct ppp to "expect" the whole CONNECT line, something like + this: + + <verb> + set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n" + </verb> + + <p>Here, we get our CONNECT, send nothing, then expect a line-feed, + forcing <bf/ppp/ to read the whole CONNECT response. + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp ignores the `\' character in my chat script</heading> + + <p>Ppp parses each line in your config files so that it can + interpret strings such as <tt/set phone "123 456 789"/ correctly + (and realize that the number is actually only <bf/one/ argument. + In order to specify a ``"'' character, you must escape it using + a backslash (``\''). + + <p>When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets + the argument in order to find any special escape sequences such + as ``\P'' or ``\T'' (see the man page). As a result of this + double-parsing, you must remember to use the correct number of + escapes. + + <p>If you wish to actually send a ``\'' character to (say) your + modem, you'd need something like: + + <verb> + set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK" + </verb> + + <p>resulting in the following sequence: + + <verb> + ATZ + OK + AT\X + OK + </verb> + + <p>or + + <verb> + set phone 1234567 + set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T" + </verb> + + <p>resulting in the following sequence: + + <verb> + ATZ + OK + ATDT1234567 + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp gets a seg-fault, but I see no <tt/ppp.core/ file</heading> + + <p>Ppp (or any other program for that matter) should never + dump core. Because ppp runs with an effective user id of 0, + the operating system will not write ppps core image to disk + before terminating it. If, however ppp <bf/is/ actually + termating due to a segmentation violation or some other + signal that normally causes core to be dumped, <bf/and/ you're + sure you're using the latest version (see the start of this + section), then you should do the following: + + <verb> + $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz + $ cd ppp*/ppp + $ echo STRIP= >>Makefile + $ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile + $ make clean all + $ su + # make install + # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp + </verb> + + <p>You will now have a debuggable version of ppp installed. You + will have to be root to run ppp as all of its privileges have + been revoked. When you start ppp, take a careful note of what + your current directory was at the time. + + <p>Now, if and when ppp receives the segmentation violation, it + will dump a core file called ppp.core. You should then do the + following: + + <verb> + $ su + # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core + (gdb) bt + ..... + (gdb) f 0 + ..... + (gdb) i args + ..... + (gdb) l + ..... + </verb> + + <p>All of this information should be given alongside your + question, making it possible to diagnose the problem. + <p>If you're familiar with gdb, you may wish to find out some + other bits and pieces such as what actually caused the dump and + the addresses & values of the relevant variables. + + <sect2> + <heading> + The process that forces a dial in auto mode never connects + </heading> + + <p>This was a known problem with <bf/ppp/ set up to negotiate + a dynamic local IP number with the peer in auto mode. It is + fixed in the latest version - search the man page for <bf/iface/. + + <p>The problem was that when that initial program calls + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect" + name="connect(2)">, the IP number of the tun interface is + assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first + outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. <bf/Ppp/ then + reads the packet and establishes a connection. If, as a result + of <bf/ppp/s dynamic IP assignment, the interface address is changed, + the original socket endpoint will be invalid. Any subsequent + packets sent to the peer will usually be dropped. Even if + they aren't, any responses will not route back to the originating + machine as the IP number is no longer owned by that machine. + + <p>There are several theoretical ways to approach this problem. + It would be nicest if the peer would re-assign the same IP number + if possible <tt/:-)/ The current version of <bf/ppp/ does this, + but most other implementations don't. + + <p>The easiest method from our side would be to never change the + tun interface IP number, but instead to change all outgoing packets + so that the source IP number is changed from the interface IP to + the negotiated IP on the fly. This is essentially what the + <tt/iface-alias/ option in the latest version of <bf/ppp/ is + doing (with the help of <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="libalias(3)"> + and ppp's <bf/-alias/ switch) - it's maintaining all previous + interface addresses and aliasing them to the last negotiated address. + + <p>Another alternative (and probably the most reliable) would be + to implement a system call that changes all bound sockets from one + IP to another. <bf/Ppp/ would use this call to modify the + sockets of all existing programs when a new IP number is + negotiated. The same system call could be used by dhcp clients + when they are forced to re-bind() their sockets. + + <p>Yet another possibility is to allow an interface to be brought + up without an IP number. Outgoing packets would be given + an IP number of 255.255.255.255 up until the first SIOCAIFADDR + ioctl is done. This would result in fully binding the socket. It + would be up to <bf/ppp/ to change the source IP number, but only if + it's set to 255.255.255.255, and only the IP number and IP checksum + would need to change. This, however is a bit of a hack as + the kernel would be sending bad packets to an improperly + configured interface, on the assumption that some other mechanism + is capable of fixing things retrospectively. + + <sect2> + <heading>Why don't most games work with the -alias switch</heading> + + <p>The reason games and the like don't work when libalias is + in use is that the machine on the outside will try to open a + connection or send (unsolicited) UDP packets to the machine + on the inside. The packet alias software doesn't know that + it should send these packets to the interior machine. + + <p>To make things work, make sure that the only thing running + is the software that you're having problems with, then either + run tcpdump on the tun interface of the gateway or enable ppp + tcp/ip logging (``set log +tcp/ip'') on the gateway. + + <p>When you start the offending software, you should see packets + passing through the gateway machine. When something comes back + from the outside, it'll be dropped (that's the problem). Note + the port number of these packets then shut down the offending + software. Do this a few times to see if the port numbers are + consistent. If they are, then the following line in the relevant + section of /etc/ppp/ppp.conf will make the software functional: + + <verb> + alias port proto internalmachine:port port + </verb> + + <p>where ``proto'' is either ``tcp'' or ``udp'', + ``internalmachine'' is the machine that you want the packets + to be sent to and ``port'' is the destination port number of + the packets. + + <p>You won't be able to use the software on other machines + without changing the above command, and running the software + on two internal machines at the same time is out of the question + - after all, the outside world is seeing your entire internal + network as being just a single machine. + + <p>If the port numbers aren't consistent, there are three more + options: + + <p><bf>1)</bf> Submit support in libalias. Examples of ``special + cases'' can be found in /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c (alias_ftp.c + is a good prototype). This usually involves reading certain + recognised outgoing packets, identifying the instruction that + tells the outside machine to initiate a connection back to the + internal machine on a specific (random) port and setting up a + ``route'' in the alias table so that the subsequent packets + know where to go. + + <p>This is the most difficult solution, but it is the best and + will make the software work with multiple machines. + + <p><bf>2)</bf> Use a proxy. The application may support socks5 + for example, or (as in the ``cvsup'' case) may have a ``passive'' + option that avoids ever requesting that the peer open connections + back to the local machine. + + <p><bf>3)</bf> Redirect everything to the internal machine using + ``alias addr''. This is the sledge-hammer approach. + + <sect2> + <heading>What are FCS errors ?</heading> + + <p>FCS stands for <bf/F/rame <bf/C/heck <bf/S/equence. Each + ppp packet has a checksum attached to ensure that the data + being received is the data being sent. If the FCS of an + incoming packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the + HDLC FCS count is increased. The HDLC error values can be + displayed using the <tt>show hdlc</tt> command. + + <p>If your link is bad (or if your serial driver is dropping + packets), you will see the occasional FCS error. This is not + usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the + compression protocols substantially. If you have an external + modem, make sure your cable is properly shielded from + interference - this may eradicate the problem. + + <p>If your link freezes as soon as you've connected and you see + a large number of FCS errors, this may be because your link is + not 8 bit clean. Make sure your modem is not using software + flow control (XON/XOFF). If your datalink <bf>must</bf> use + software flow control, use the command + <tt>set accmap 0x000a0000</tt> to tell <bf>ppp</bf> to escape + the ^Q and ^S characters. + + <p>Another reason for seeing too many FCS errors may be that + the remote end has stopped talking <bf/PPP/. You may want to + enable <tt/async/ logging at this point to determine if the + incoming data is actually a login or shell prompt. If you + have a shell prompt at the remote end, it's possible to + terminate ppp without dropping the line by using the + <tt>close lcp</tt> command (a following <tt>term</tt> command + will reconnect you to the shell on the remote machine. + + <p>If nothing in your log file indicates why the link might + have been terminated, you should ask the remote administrator + (your ISP?) why the session was terminated. + + <sect2> + <heading>None of this helps - I'm desperate !</heading> + + <p>If all else fails, send as much information as you can, + including your config files, how you're starting <bf/ppp/, + the relevant parts of your log file and the output of the + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat" + name="netstat -rn"> command (before and after connecting) to the + <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org" + name="freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"> mailing list or the + <url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc" + name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> news group, and someone + should point you in the right direction. + + <sect1> + <heading>I can't create a <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device!</heading> + + <p>In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only + directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the + <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> file and the manual pages for the various + network programs mentioned there for more information. If this + leaves you totally confused, then you should pick up a book + describing network administration on another BSD-related + operating system; with few significant exceptions, administering + networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS 4.0 or + Ultrix. + + <sect1> + <heading>How can I setup Ethernet aliases?</heading> + + <p>Add ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' to your <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" name="ifconfig"> + command-line like the following: + + <verb> + ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port?</heading> + + <p>If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify an + additional parameter on the + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" + name="ifconfig"> command line. The + default port is ``<tt/link0/''. To use the AUI port instead of + the BNC one, use ``<tt/link2/''. These flags should be specified + using the ifconfig_* variables in <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf">. + + <sect1> + <heading>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD.</heading> + + <p>Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it + mildly) and can sometimes cause problems with network intensive + applications like NFS. + + <p>See <url url="../handbook/nfs.html" name="the Handbook entry on NFS"> + for more information on this topic. + + <sect1> + <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box?</heading> + + <p>Some versions of the Linux NFS code only accept mount requests + from a privileged port; try + + <verb> + mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Sun box?</heading> + + <p>Sun workstations running SunOS 4.X only accept mount requests + from a privileged port; try + + <verb> + mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>I'm having problems talking PPP to NeXTStep machines.</heading> + + <p>Try disabling the TCP extensions in <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf"> by + changing the following variable to NO: + + <verb> + tcp_extensions=NO + </verb> + + <p>Xylogic's Annex boxes are also broken in this regard and you must + use the above change to connect thru them. + + <sect1> + <heading>How do I enable IP multicast support?</heading> + + <p>Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 and + later by default. If you want your box to run as a multicast router, + you will need to recompile your kernel with the <tt>MROUTING</tt> + option and run <tt/mrouted/. FreeBSD 2.2 and later will start + <tt/mrouted/ at boot time if the flag <tt/mrouted_enable/ is set + to "YES" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>. + + <p>MBONE tools are available in their own ports category, mbone. If + you are looking for the conference tools <tt/vic/ and <tt/vat/, + look there! + + <p>For more information, see the + <url url="http://www.mbone.com/" name="Mbone Information Web">. + + <sect1> + <heading>Which network cards are based on the DEC PCI chipset?</heading> + + <p>Here is a list compiled by <url url="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org" + name="Glen Foster">, with some more modern additions: + + <verb> + Vendor Model + ---------------------------------------------- + ASUS PCI-L101-TB + Accton ENI1203 + Cogent EM960PCI + Compex ENET32-PCI + D-Link DE-530 + Dayna DP1203, DP2100 + DEC DE435 + Danpex EN-9400P3 + JCIS Condor JC1260 + Linksys EtherPCI + Mylex LNP101 + SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332) + SMC EtherPower (Model 8432) + TopWare TE-3500P + Zynx ZX342 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?</heading> + + <p>You will probably find that the host is actually in a different + domain; for example, if you are in foo.bar.edu and you wish to reach + a host called ``mumble'' in the bar.edu domain, you will have to + refer to it by the fully-qualified domain name, ``mumble.bar.edu'', + instead of just ``mumble''. + + <p>Traditionally, this was allowed by BSD BIND resolvers. However + the current version of <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?named" name="bind"> that ships + with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-fully + qualified domain names other than the domain you are in. + So an unqualified host <tt>mumble</tt> must either be found + as <tt>mumble.foo.bar.edu</tt>, or it will be searched for + in the root domain. + + <p>This is different from the previous behavior, where the + search continued across <tt>mumble.bar.edu</tt>, and + <tt>mumble.edu</tt>. Have a look at RFC 1535 for why this + was considered bad practice, or even a security hole. + + <p>As a good workaround, you can place the line + + <verb> + search foo.bar.edu bar.edu + </verb> + + <p>instead of the previous + + <verb> + domain foo.bar.edu + </verb> + + <p>into your <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?resolv.conf" + name="/etc/resolv.conf"> file. However, make sure that the search order + does not go beyond the ``boundary between local and public + administration'', as RFC 1535 calls it. + + <sect1> + <heading>``Permission denied'' for all networking operations.</heading> + + <p>If you have compiled your kernel with the <tt/IPFIREWALL/ + option, you need to be aware that the default policy as of + 2.1.7R (this actually changed during 2.1-STABLE development) + is to deny all packets that are not explicitly allowed. + + <p>If you had unintentionally misconfigured your system for + firewalling, you can restore network operability by typing + the following while logged in as root: + + <verb> + ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any + </verb> + + <p>You can also set "firewall_type='open'" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>. + + <p>For further information on configuring a FreeBSD firewall, + see the <url url="../handbook/firewalls.html" name="Handbook section">. + + <sect1> + <heading>How much overhead does IPFW incur?</heading> + + <p>The answer to this depends mostly on your rule set and processor + speed. For most applications dealing with ethernet and small + rule sets, the answer is, negligible. For those of you that need + actual measurements to satisfy your curiosity, read on. + + <p>The following measurements were made using 2.2.5-STABLE on + a 486-66. IPFW was modified to measure the time spent within + the <tt/ip_fw_chk/ routine, displaying the results to the console + every 1000 packets. + + <p>Two rule sets, each with 1000 rules were tested. The first set + was designed to demonstrate a worst case scenario by repeating the + rule: + + <verb> + ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555 + </verb> + + <p>This demonstrates worst case by causing most of IPFW's packet + check routine to be executed before finally deciding that the + packet does not match the rule (by virtue of the port number). + Following the 999th iteration of this rule was an <tt>allow ip + from any to any</tt>. + + <p>The second set of rules were designed to abort the rule + check quickly: + + <verb> + ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4 + </verb> + + <p>The nonmatching source IP address for the above rule causes + these rules to be skipped very quickly. As before, the 1000th + rule was an <tt>allow ip from any to any</tt>. + + <p>The per-packet processing overhead in the former case was + approximately 2.703ms/packet, or roughly 2.7 microseconds per + rule. Thus the theoretical packet processing limit with these + rules is around 370 packets per second. Assuming 10Mbps ethernet + and a ~1500 byte packet size, we would only be able to achieve a + 55.5% bandwidth utilization. + + <p>For the latter case each packet was processed in + approximately 1.172ms, or roughly 1.2 microseconds per rule. + The theoretical packet processing limit here would be about + 853 packets per second, which could consume 10Mbps ethernet + bandwidth. + + <p>The excessive number of rules tested and the nature of those + rules do not provide a real-world scenario -- they were used only + to generate the timing information presented here. Here are a + few things to keep in mind when building an efficient rule set: + + <itemize> + + <item>Place an `established' rule early on to handle the + majority of TCP traffic. Don't put any <tt>allow tcp</tt> + statements before this rule. + + <item>Place heavily triggered rules earlier in the rule + set than those rarely used (<bf>without changing the + permissiveness of the firewall</bf>, of course). You can see + which rules are used most often by examining the packet counting + statistics with <tt>ipfw -a l</tt>. + + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>How can I redirect service requests from one machine to another? + </heading> + + <p>You can redirect FTP (and other service) request with the 'socket' + package, available in the ports tree in category 'sysutils'. + Simply replace the service's commandline to call socket instead, like so: + +<verb> +ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp +</verb> + + <p>where 'ftp.foo.com' and 'ftp' are the host and port to redirect to, + respectively. + + <sect1> + <heading>Where can I get a bandwidth management tool?</heading> + + <p>There are two bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. + <url url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html" + name="ALTQ"> is available for free; Bandwidth Manager from + <url url="http://www.etinc.com" name="Emerging Technologies"> is + a commercial product. + + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/preface.sgml b/zh/FAQ/preface.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1d017fc67 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/preface.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,549 @@ +<!-- $Id: preface.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.26 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�e��<label id="preface"></heading> + + <p>�w��Ө� FreeBSD 2.X FAQ! + + <sect1> + <heading>�g�o�� FAQ ���ت��O���� ?</heading> + + <p>���L Usenet �W�� FAQ �@��, �o�����D�n�[�\�F���� FreeBSD �o�M�@ + �~�t�γ̱`�Q�ݨ쪺���D (���M�]�A�F�^�� !)�C���M���ڭ̥��Ӫ��ت��O���F + ��ֺ����W�e�����O�H���קK�P�˪����D�@�A�X�{, ���O FAQ �w�g�Q�����O�@ + �ثܦ����Ȫ���T�F�C + + <p>�ڭ̤w�g���i��a�ϳo�� FAQ ���״I�F ; �p�G�z��p��Ϩ��i�B������ + ��ij, ���H�ɱH�q�l�l�� <url url="mailto:FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG" + name="FAQ ���@��">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>����O FreeBSD?</heading> + + <p>²��a�ӻ�, FreeBSD 2.X �O�@�M�ھ� U.C. Berkeley's 4.4BSD-lite + release for the i386 platform �ҧ����� UN*X-like �@�~�t�ΡC���P�ɤ]�� + ���ϥΤF William Jolitz ���Ө� i386 �W�� U.C. Berkeley's Net/2, �]�N�O + 386BSD�C���L�{�b 386BSD ���{���X�u�ѤU���ּ��ٯd�s�b FreeBSD ���C�z�i + �H�b <url url="http://www.freebsd.org" name="FreeBSD ����"> ��즳���� + ��O FreeBSD �H�Υ��i�H���z���Ǥ�������T�C + + <p>FreeBSD �w�Q�s�x�a�Q�@�ɦU�a�����q�渹, ISP, ��s�H��, �q���M�a, �� + ��, �H�ήa�x�Τ�Ҩϥ�, �Φb�u�@, �Ш|, �H�ήT�֤W�C�z�i�H�b + <url url="../gallery/gallery.html" name="FreeBSD Gallery">�ݨ�@�Ǧ� + ���L�̪���ơC + + <p>�p�G�Q������ FreeBSD ��`�J�����, �Ь� + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD �ϥΤ�U">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�o�i FreeBSD ���ت��O���� ?</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �p�e���ت��O���ѥi�H���N�ϥΥB�S������n��C�ڭ̦b�{���X + (�H�έp�ޥ���) �W�I�X�F�j�q�ߦ�, ���M�ڭ̨S���S�O�j��, ���L�ä��n�D�� + ������W���^�X�C�ڭ̬۫H�ڭ̭��n�� "����" �N�O���ѵ{���X���C�@�Өϥ� + ��, ���ޥL�̪��ت��O���� ; �o��@��, �o�ǵ{���X�~��Q�Φb�̦h�a��, �] + �~��o�����̳̤j���Q�q�C�ڭ̬۫H�o�N�O�ۥѳn��̰��ؼФ��@, �ӥB�� + �̷|�ɥ��O�h������C + + <p>�b�ڭ� source tree �����������{���X�O�ĥΩҿת� GPL �άO LGPL ���v + �ŧi, ���M�o�Ǫ��v�ŧi�O�ΨӫO�٦ӫD����ϥΪ̪��v�Q, �����O������ۥ� + �F�ǡC�ѩ�o�� GPL ���n��b�ӷ~�ϥΤW�|�ް_�D�`���������v���D, �]���u + �n�����|, �ڭ̷|�ɶq�H�ĥΤ���P�� BSD ���v���n��Ө��N�o�� GPL ���v�� + �i���n��C + + <sect1> + <heading>������n�s�� FreeBSD?</heading> + + <p> + <itemize> + <item>�z�i�H�K�O�ϥΥ�, �Y�ϬO�Ω�ӷ~�γ~�C + + <item>��� FreeBSD �@�~�t�Χ��㪺��l�{�����i�H�K�O���o, �ӥB�b�ϥ� + �δ��G�U�譱�]�u����̤p������ (���O�_�Ω�ӷ~�γ~)�C + + <item>����H���i�H�ۥѦa��L��t�Ϊ���}�ο��~�ץ����{���X�[�J + source tree ���� (���M�n�ŦX�X�ӥ��M����)�C + </itemize> + + <p>�p�GŪ�̱z�����y���O�^�y����, �z�n�S�O�`�N�o�̪� "free" ��إΪk�� + �N��O���@�˪� : �@�ت��N��O "�K�O", �t�@�ت��N��O "�ۥ�"�C�z�i�H�� + FreeBSD �h������z�Q�n������, ���F�@�Ǩҥ~, �Ҧp�z�ź� FreeBSD �O�z�g + ���C + + <sect1> + <heading>�̷s���� FreeBSD �O���@�� ?</heading> + + <p><url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.8-RELEASE" + name="2.2.8"> �O�ثe�̷s�� <em> stable </em> �� ; ���� 1998 �~ + 12 ��o��C���P�ɤ]�O�ثe�̷s�� <em>release</em> ���C + + <p>²�檺��, <bf>-stable</bf> ���D�n�D�D��H�O���í�w�ʤΧC�ܲ��ʦ� + ���j�ݨD�����c, �Ҧp ISP, �ӫD�߷R�@�ǯS�O�s�\����c�C�b���P��, �o + �Ǫ����O�����@�˪�, ���O�b <bf>-current</bf> �o�Ӥ��䪺�����ר��H���@ + �ӥ��` release ���e, �o�ر��p���|�����Ӥ[�C + + <p>���O�o�ä��N���� 3.0-current snapshot �N���A�X�Φb�ӷ~�A�ȤW, �ƹ� + �W, �ܦh�ݭn 3.0 �s�\�� (��s���sĶ���N, �IJv�������{���X��) �� + �ϥΪ̳��o��F�D�`���N�����G�C�b���ܱo��í�w�H�e, �ڭ̤��� "��O" 3.0 + �i�H��o�_���n���u�@�C + + <sect1> + <heading>����O FreeBSD-current?<label id="current"></heading> + + <p><url url="../handbook/current.html" name="FreeBSD-current">�����O�� + �b�o�i��������, ���ױN�b�A�����ɾ����� 3.0.1-RELEASE�C����b�O�u�A�X�� + �t�εo�i�̥H�Φ��ݤO���~�l�R�n�̨ϥΡC�p�G�Q�n�o�즳���p��ϥ� + -current ���`�J��T, �аѦ� + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="�ϥΤ�U"> �� + <url url="../handbook/current.html" name="��������">�C + + <p>�p�G�z��@�~�t�Υ����ä��O�ܼ��x, �άO�z�S��k����z�J�쪺���D�O�u + ���o�ͤF���D��άO�Ȯɩʪ��p���p, ����z�N�����Өϥ� FreeBSD-current�C + �o�Ӥ��䪺�{���X���ɭ��ܰʱo�ܧ�, �ӥB�i��|�]���Өϱz���n�X�Ѫ��ɶ��L + �k��s�z���t�ΡC�ڭ̰��]�ϥ� FreeBSD-current ���ϥΪ̳�����O�h���R�L + �̩ҹJ�쪺���D�åB�u�^���u�������D�ӫD�p���p�C�p�G�z�b -current + mailing list ���������� "make world �y���@�Ǧ��� groups �����~" �����D, + ���ɭԷ|�Q��L�H�����C + + <p>���ɭԧڭ̷|���o�� -current �o�i�����{���X�o�� + <url url="../releases/snapshots.html" name="snapshot">, �ƪ�, �ڭ� + �ٷ|�o�� CDROM ������ snapshot�C�o���o�� snapshot ���ت��b�� : + + <itemize> + <item>���ճ̷s�����w�˵{���C + + <item>���Ѥ@��²�檺��k�����dz��w�ϥ� -current ���O�S���ɶ��M�W�e�h + �C�Ѫ@�Ū��ϥΪ̡C + + <item>���F���ڭ̵o�i�����{���O�d�@�өT�w���Ѧ��I, �H����ڭ̥��ӳy�� + �����C(���M CVS �i�H���`�a���������o�ت��i�Ȩƥ� :) + + <item>���F�T�O�Ҧ��ݭn���ժ��s�\�ೣ�i�H�o��̦h�����աC + </itemize> + + <p>�L�צp��, �ڭ̤��O�� snapshot ���~��C���Fí�w��, �z�̦n�ϥΧ��� + release �������C + + <p>�z�i�H�����q + <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/"> ���o snapshot + release, ���ެO 3.0-current �άO 2.2-stable, �����C�ѳ��|���ͤ@�� + snapshot �������C + + <sect1> + <heading>����O FreeBSD-stable?</heading> + + <p>�^���� FreeBSD 2.0.5 ��o�����ɭ�, �ڭ̨M�w�� FreeBSD �� release + �������C�@��s��<url url="../handbook/stable.html" name="-stable"> , + �ڭ̥u�復�����~�ץ��Τp�T�ת��ק� (�o�O�� ISP �M�ӷ~���q������礤�\ + �ण�P���쪺���ҨϥΪ�)�C�t�~�@��s�� + <url url="../handbook/current.html" name="-current">, �q 2.0 ���o��H + ��N�����_�a�µ� 3.0-RELEASE (�H�ΥH�᪺����) �e�i�ۡC�U���N�O�����t + �i���ܷN�� : + +<verb> + 2.0 + | + | + | [2.1-stable] + *BRANCH* 2.0.5 -> 2.1 -> 2.1.5 -> 2.1.6 -> 2.1.7.1 [2.1-stable ends] + | (Mar 1997) + | + | + | [2.2-stable] + *BRANCH* 2.2.1 -> 2.2.2-RELEASE -> 2.2.5 -> 2.2.6 -> 2.2.7 -> 2.2.8 [end] + | (Mar 1997) (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Jul 98) (Dec 98) + | + | + 3.0-SNAPs (started Q1 1997) + | + | + 3.0.0-RELEASE (Oct 1998) + | + | [3.0-stable] + *BRANCH* 3.0.1 (Feb 1999) -> ... future 3.0.x releases ... + | + | + \|/ + + + [3.1-current continues] +</verb> + + <p>-current �o�Ӥ��䥿�w�C�a�¦V 3.0.1 �H�ΥH�᪺�����e�i��, �Ӥ��e�� + 2.2-stable ����h�H�� 2.2.8 ���o���ӥ\�����h�C3.0-current �N�|�����D�n + ���o�i�u, ���� 1999 �~�� 3.0.1 �o������C�쨺�Ӯɭ�, 3.0 �N�|�����t�@ + �Ӥ���, �� 3.1-current �h�ܦ��U�@�� "current ����"�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�s�� FreeBSD �N��ɭԱ��X ?</heading> + + <p>�@��Ө�, �� FreeBSD core team �{���w�g�ֿn�F�����h���s�\��M���~�� + ��, �ӥB�o�ǧ�ʨä��v�T�t��í�w�ת��ɭ�, �L�̤~�|���X�s���� FreeBSD�C + ���M���ݳo�Ǧn�F�誺�ɶ��O�H���I�q��, ���O�j�h�ƪ��ϥΪ̳��{���o���ԷV + ���A�O FreeBSD �̦n���������@�C + + <p>�����Ө�, �ڭ̨C�|�Ӥ�o��@�� release�C + + <p>���F�������ǻݭn (�ηQ�n) ��E���ϥΪ�, �q�` SNAP ���o���O�۷��W�c + ��, �S�O�O�b release �o�����e�@�Ӥ륪�k�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �u��b PC �W�ϥζ� ?</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD 3.x �ثe�i�H�b + <url url="../alpha/alpha.html" name="DEC Alpha"> �W�ϥ�, �N���b x86 �[ + �c�U�ϥΤ@�ˡC�ڭ̹ﲾ�Ө� SPARC �W�]���۷�������, ���L�o�������p�e�� + �S���������ԤơC + + �p�G�z���������O�H�W�o�Ǭ[�c, �ӥB�z�{�b�N�n����, �ڭ̫�ij�z�Ѧ� + <url url="http://www.netbsd.org/" name="NetBSD"> �άO + <url url="http://www.openbsd.org/" name="OpenBSD">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�֭t�d FreeBSD ���o�i ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�O�@�Ǧ��� FreeBSD �p�e������ʨM�w, ���O��ӭp�e�����V�άO�M + �w�֥i�H�� source tree �̪��{���X�o������, �O�Ѥ@�Ӭ� 15 �ӤH�Ҳզ��� + <url url="../handbook/staff:core.html" name="core team"> �ӨM�w�C�Ӧ� + �t�@�s�� 100 �ӤH���v�Q�i�H�����ק� FreeBSD �� source tree�C + + <p>�L�צp��, �j�h�ƪ����ܳ��|�ƫe�b + <ref id="mailing" name="mailing lists"> ���Q�L, �ӥB�C�ӤH���i�H�ѻP + �Q�סC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p����o FreeBSD ?<label id="where-get"></heading> + + <p>�C�� FreeBSD �����n�������i�H�g�ѰΦW ftp �q + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/" name="FreeBSD FTP site"> + ���o�C + + <itemize> + <item>�p�G�O�ثe�� 2.2-stable release, 2.2.8R, �Ь� + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.8-RELEASE/" + name="2.2.8-RELEASE"> �o�ӥؿ��C + + <item>�p�G�O�ثe�� 3.0-current release, 3.0-SNAP, �Ь� + <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" name="3.0"> �o�ӥ� + ���C + + <item>�H�� RELENG_2_2 ���� (��Ӫ� 2.2.8) �C�C�a�i�J���@���q, �ڭ̨C + �ѳ��|�o�� <url url="ftp://releng22.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" + name="2.2 Snapshot">�C�ڭ̥ثe���������@�� RELENG_2_2 �o�Ӥ���, ���D + ��t�Φw���άO�t�Ϊ��i�a�ʦ��ҼW�j, �_�h�ڭ̱N���A��ʡC + + <item><ref id="current" name="-current"> ����]�O�C�ѱ��X + <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" + name="3.0 Snapshot">, �º�O���F���ߪ����ժ̥H�εo�i�H���Ҵ��Ѫ��C + </itemize> + + <p>FreeBSD �� CDROM �i�H�q�U�C�a����o : + + <p>Walnut Creek CDROM<newline> + 4041 Pike Lane, Suite F<newline> + Concord, CA 94520 USA<newline> + Orders: +1 800 786-9907<newline> + Questions: +1 925 674-0783<newline> + FAX: +1 925 674-0821<newline> + email: <url url="mailto:orders@cdrom.com" name="WC Orders address"> + <newline> + WWW: <url url="http://www.cdrom.com/" name="WC Home page"> + <newline> + + <p>�p�G�z�b�D�w, �z�i�H�� : + + <p>Advanced Multimedia Distributors<newline> + Factory 1/1 Ovata Drive<newline> + Tullamarine, Melbourne<newline> + Victoria<newline> + Australia<newline> + Voice: +61 3 9338 6777<newline> + + CDROM Support BBS<newline> + 17 Irvine St<newline> + Peppermint Grove WA 6011<newline> + Voice: +61 9 385-3793<newline> + Fax: +61 9 385-2360<newline> + + �b�^�� : + + The Public Domain & Shareware Library<newline> + Winscombe House, Beacon Rd<newline> + Crowborough<newline> + Sussex. TN6 1UL<newline> + Voice: +44 1892 663-298<newline> + Fax: +44 1892 667-473<newline> + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڦb���̥i�H��즳�� FreeBSD mailing lists ����T ?<label id="mailing"> + </heading> + + <p>�z�i�H�b <url url="../handbook/eresources:mail.html" + name="�ϥΤ�U - mailing-lists"> ����짹�㪺��T�C + + <sect1> + <heading>������Q�� FreeBSD ���s�D�Q�s�ն� ?</heading> + + <p>�z�i�H�b <url url="../handbook/eresources:news.html" + name="�ϥΤ�U - �s�D�Q�s��"> ����짹�㪺��T�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���M���Q�� FreeBSD �� IRC �W�D�� ? + </heading> + + <p>�O��, �j�����D�n�� IRC �����D�������ѤF FreeBSD ������W�D : + + <itemize> + <item>EFNet �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> �W�D�O�@�� FreeBSD ���� + ��, ���O�z�i��L�k�q����o��N�譱���䴩, �z�]�O�Q�b��������� + �H�i�H���z�קK���\Ū man page �H�Φۤv��s���h�W�C���O�@�ӥH��Ѭ� + �D���W�D, �b������ FreeBSD �M���ʡB�B�ʡB�H�ή֤l�Z�������|�O + �@�˰����C + �ڭ̤w�gĵ�i�L�z�F�C + �z�i�H�g�� <tt>irc.chat.org</tt> �ӳs�u�C + + <item>DALNET �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> �W�D, �b����i�H�g�� + <tt>irc.dal.net</tt> �ӳs�u, �b�ڬw�i�H�g�� <tt>irc.eu.dal.net</tt> + �ӳs�u�C + + <item>UNDERNET �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> �W�D, �b����i�H�g�� + <tt>us.undernet.org</tt> �ӳs�u, �b�ڬw�i�H�g�� + <tt>eu.undernet.org</tt> �ӳs�u�C + + <item>�̫�, �z�]�i�H�[�J BSDNET �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> �W + �D, �o�O�@�Ӥp���� BSD �M�β�Ѻ���, �i�H�g�� + <tt>irc.FreeBSD.org</tt> �ӳs�u�C + </itemize> + + <p>�H�W���o���W�D���O���P��, �ӥB���̨èS�����۳s�q�C���̲�Ѫ��覡�] + �����ۦP, �ҥH�z�i��C�ӳ��n�h�|�դ@�U, �H���̾A�X�z���W�D�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �������y</heading> + + <p>�z�γ\�i�H�ոլ� <tt>doc</tt> mailing list : + <url url="mailto:freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG" + name="<freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG>"> �W�� FreeBSD ���p�e (�p�G�z + ��[�J�o�O�p�e���O�A�n���L���F)�C�o�� mailing list �O�ΨӰQ�� FreeBSD + ��C�p�G�z�Q�n�o�ݰ��D����, �ڭ̤]�� <tt>questions</tt> mailing + list : + <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG" + name="<freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG>"> �C + + <p>�z�]�i�H�q + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD �ϥΤ�U"> + ���o FreeBSD "�ϥΤ�U"�C�Ъ`�N, �o����B��s�@���q, ���ܦh������ + �٨S�������C + + <p>���� FreeBSD �����y��, �̦n�����ӴN�O Greg Lehey �ۧ@, Walnut Creek + CDROM Books �X���� "The Complete FreeBSD" �F�C�{�b�o���Ѥw�g�X��ĤG�� + �F, �`�@ 1750 �����k, ���e�]�A�w��, �t�κz����, �{���w�˨�U, �H�� + manual pages�C�o���� (�H�γ̷s���� FreeBSD release) �i�H�V + <url url="http://www.cdrom.com" name="Walnut Creek">, + <url url="http://www.cheapbytes.com" name="CheapBytes">, �άO����@�� + �z���w���ѧ��q�ʡC�L�� ISBN ���X�O 1-57176-227-2�C + + <p>�M��, �]�� FreeBSD 2.2.X �O�H 4.4BSD-Lite2 ����¦�ӵo�i���t��, �ҥH + �j���� 4.4BSD ����U���A�Ω� FreeBSD 2.2.X�CO'Reilly and Associates + �X���F�U�C��U : + + <itemize> + <item>4.4BSD System Manager's Manual <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition June 1994, 804 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-080-5" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-080-5 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD User's Reference Manual <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition June 1994, 905 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-075-9" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-075-9 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition July 1994, 712 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-076-7" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-076-7 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition June 1994, 886 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-078-3" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-078-3 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition July 1994, 596 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-079-1" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-079-1 <newline> + </itemize> + + <p>�z�i�H�b WWW �W���������� : + + <url url="http://gnn.com/gnn/bus/ora/category/bsd.html" + name="4.4BSD books description">�C�]���P�ⱡ�Ψä��O�ܦn, �ҥH�z�i��� + ���h���o�o�Ǯ��y�C + + <p>�p�G�z�Q�� 4.4BSD ���֤߬[�c����`�h���{��, �z��������L�o���� : + + <p>McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, + and John Quarterman.<newline> + + <p><em>The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating + System</em>. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996.<newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/0-201-54979-4" name="ISBN"> 0-201-54979-4<newline> + + <p>�@�������t�κz���n�� : + + <p>Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder, Scott Seebass & Trent R. Hein,<newline> + ``Unix System Administration Handbook'', Prentice-Hall, 1995<newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/0-13-151051-7" name="ISBN">: 0-13-151051-7<newline> + + <p><bf/NOTE/ �нT�{�z�R�쪺���T�O�ĤG��, ���O����ѥ֪�, �Ĥ@�������O�C + + <p>�o���Ѳ[�\�F�@�ǰ�¦���F��, �]�A TCP/IP, DNS, NFS, SLIP/PPP, + sendmail, INN/NNTP, printing, ���C�o�����Z�Q�� (�j�� + US$45-$55) , ���L�����T���o�ӻ��ȡC���]���F�@�����t�@�� + �u��{����l�X�� CDROM ; �j�������F��b FreeBSD 2.2.6R �� CDROM �̤]�� ( + �q�` FreeBSD CROM �̪��O����s����) �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p��h�s���z�̪����~�^����Ʈw�O ?</heading> + + <p>�Ҧ��ϥΪ� open ���ܧ�n�D���i�H�g�ѧڭ� web �ɭ��� PR + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/send-pr.html" name="submission"> �� + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" name="query"> + �Ӭd�� (�άO�^��) �ڭ̪����~�^����Ʈw�C<em>send-pr(1)</em> �o�ӫ��O�] + �i�H�g�ѹq�l�l��Ӧ^�����~�άO�n�D�ܧ�C + + <sect1> + <heading>���̥i�H��� ASCII �άO PostScript ���� FAQ ?</heading> + + <p>�̷s�� FAQ �i�H�q FreeBSD �����άO����@�� mirror ���O���o, ���O + PostScript �άO�¤�r�� (�]�A 7 bit ASCII �H�� 8-bit Latin1) �����C + + <p>PostScript �榡 (�j�� 370KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps"> + </itemize> + + <p>ASCII �榡 (�j�� 220KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii"> + </itemize> + + <p>ISO 8859-1 �榡 (�j�� 220KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1"> + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>���̥i�H��� ASCII �άO PostScript �����ϥΤ�U ?</heading> + + <p>�̷s�� FAQ �i�H�q FreeBSD �����άO����@�� mirror ���O���o, ���O + PostScript �άO�¤�r�� (�]�A 7 bit ASCII �H�� 8-bit Latin1) �����C + + <p>PostScript �榡 (�j�� 1.7MB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ps" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ps"> + </itemize> + + <p>ASCII �榡 (�j�� 1080KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ascii" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ascii"> + </itemize> + + <p>ISO 8859-1 �榡 (�j�� 1080KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.latin1" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.latin1"> + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>ASCII �����ϥΤ�U���O�¤�r�� !</heading> + + <p>�O��, ASCII �M Latin1 �榡�� FAQ �H�ΨϥΤ�U�Y��ӻ��ä����O�� + ��r�� ; ���̥]�t�F�@�ǦL�X���u�H�έ��ЦC�L������X�H�K�ઽ�����I�x�} + ���L������X�C�p�G�z�Q�⥦���ন�@�몺��r�ɪ���, �i�H�Q�� col : + + <verb> + $ col -b < inputfile > outputfile + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڷQ���� FreeBSD �� mirror ���O !</heading> + + <p>���M�i�H ! ���ܦh��k�i�H mirror �ڭ̪������C + + <itemize> + <item>�Q�� CVSUP : �z�i�H�Q�� CVSUP �q cvsup.freebsd.org ���o�榡�� + �L���ɮסC�z�u�ݭn��U���o��[�J�z�� cvsup �]�w�� : + +<verb> +www release=current hostname=/home base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup +prefix=/usr/local/www/data/www.freebsd.org delete old use-rel-suffix + +</verb> + + <item>�Q�� rsync : �аѾ\ + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/internal/mirror.html" + name="the mirroring page"> �H��o��h��T�C + + <item>�Q�� ftp mirror : �z�i�H�Q�αz���w�� ftp mirror �u��q FTP �� + �O�����o������ơC�N�q + ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/www �}�l�a�C + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڷQ�n½Ķ���</heading> + + <p>��, �ڭ̨S��O���z�~��, ���L�p�G�z�ണ��½Ķ�n�����, �ڭ̷|�e + �z CD �άO T-shirt , �ç�z�[�J�ϥΤ�U�� Contributor ����C�C + + <sect1> + <heading>��L��T�ӷ�</heading> + + <p>�U�C newsgroups ���]�A�F FreeBSD �������Q�� : + + <itemize> + <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce" + name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce"> (moderated) + + <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc" + name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> + + <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.misc" name="comp.unix.bsd.misc"> + </itemize> + + <p>�����귽 : + + <itemize> + <item>The <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/" name="FreeBSD Home Page">. + + <item><label id="pao">�p�G�z�����W���q�� (laptop) ����, �O�ѤF�h�ݬ� + ���饻�� + <url url="http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/PAO/" + name="Tatsumi Hosokawa's Mobile Computing page"> �C + + <item><label id="smp">SMP (����h�B�z���[�c) ��������T�Ь� + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~fsmp/SMP/SMP.html" + name="SMP support page"> �C + + <item><label id="multimedia">���� FreeBSD �h�C��譱�����ε{��, �Ь� + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~faulkner/multimedia/mm.html" + name="multimedia"> �C�p�G�z�� Bt848 �o�Ӽv���^�������S�O�����쪺��, + �Ь�<url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~ahasty/Bt848.html" + name="�o�Ӻ���"> �C + </itemize> + + <p>FreeBSD �ϥΤ�U�]���@���ܧ��㪺 + <url url="../handbook/bibliography.html" name="�ѦҮ��y�C��">, �p�G�z + ���Q�R�Ѫ���, �o�����ȱo�@�ݡC + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/serial.sgml b/zh/FAQ/serial.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d5f0af4d7c --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/serial.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,489 @@ +<!-- $Id: serial.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.2 --> + + <sect> + <heading>Serial �q�T<label id="serial"></heading> + + <p>�o�@���D�n�O�b�Q�� FreeBSD �W���� serial �q�T�����D�C���� PPP �H�� + SLIP �����D�O��b <ref id="networking" name="����"> �o�@�`�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��D FreeBSD �O���O�����ڪ� serial port ?</heading> + + <p>�� FreeBSD �}�����ɭ�, ���|�ھڱz�b kernel �����]�w�Ӱ����z�� + serial port�C�z�i�H�b�o�ǰT���X�{���ɭ��ˬd, �]�i�H�b�t�ζ}������� + �U�������O���[�� : + + <verb> + dmesg | grep sio + </verb> + + <p>�o�̦��@�ǿ�X���d�� : + + <verb> + sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa + sio0: type 16550A + sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa + sio1: type 16550A + </verb> + + <p>�o�N���z����� serial port�C�Ĥ@�� port ���� irq 4, port address �O + <tt/0x3f8/ , �ӥB�Ϊ��O 16550A ���� UART �����C�ĤG�� port �Ϊ��O�P + ��������, ���L�����Ϊ��O irq 3 , ���� port address �b <tt/0x2f8/ �C + ������ modem �d�|�Q���Ѧ��O serial port -- �ߤ@���t�O�N�O�� port �W + �`�O���W modem �Ӥw�C + + <p><tt/GENERIC/ kernel �䴩��� serial port , ���̪��]�w�ȴN�p�P�W���� + �d�Ҥ@�ˡC�p�G�z�t�ΤW���]�w���@��, �Ϊ̱z�t�~���F������ modem �d, + �άO�z�t�Ϊ���� serial port �Ƥ�z�b kernel �]�w�����٭n�h����, �z + �u�n���s�إ� kernel �N�n�F�C�Ա��Ь� <ref id="make-kernel" + name="�p��إ� kernel"> �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��D FreeBSD �O���O�����ڪ� modem �d ?</heading> + + <p>�ЬݤW�@�Ӱ��D�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڤɯŨ� 2.0.5 �H��ڪ� <tt/tty0X/ �~�M�����F !</heading> + + <p>���n��i, ���̤w�g�Q�֨� <tt/ttydX/ �˸m�U�h�F�C���L�z�٬O�o��ۤv + �ק�]�w�ɤ~�������̥��`�u�@�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p��b FreeBSD �U�s�� seral ports ?</heading> + + <p>�ĤT�� serial port, <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" name="sio2"> (�N�O DOS + �U�� COM3) , �H dial-out �˸m�ӬݬO��� <tt>/dev/cuaa2</tt> , �ӥH + dial-in �˸m�Ӭݫh�O��� <tt>/dev/ttyd2</tt> �C�o��Ӹ˸m�����P + �O ? + + <p>�z�b dial-in �ɨϥΪ��O <tt/ttydX/ �C���z�� block �Ҧ��}�� + <tt>/dev/ttydX</tt> ��, �|���@�� process �b������ <tt/cuaaX/ �W���� + �ܦ� inactive , �M��@������ carrier detect line �ܦ� active ����C + ���z�}�� <tt/cuaaX/ �˸m��, ���|�h�T�w�ثe <tt/ttydX/ �˸m�O���O�� + �b�ϥ� serial port�C�p�G���i�H�Ϊ���, ���N�|�� serial port �q + <tt/ttydX/ �˸m�⤤�m�L�ӡC�P�˪�, <tt/cuaXX/ �˸m���|�h�� carrier + detect�C���F�o�˪��]�p, �A�[�W�@�x�|�۰ʦ^���� modem, �z�N�i�H�O�P + �@�x modem �i�H�Q���ݨϥΪ̮��ӵn�J, �z�ۤv�]�i�H���� dialout, �t�� + �|�۰��ˬd�O�_���Ĭ𪺲{�H�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p��Ұʹ� serial �h��d���䴩 ?</heading> + + <p>�P�˪�, �b kernel �]�w���@�`�����즳���]�w kernel ����T�C�n�]�w�@ + �i serial �h��d, �z���ݦb�z�� kernel �]�w�ɤ����C�@�� serial port + ���]�@�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" + name="sio"> ���]�w�C���O�z�u��b���̤�����@�Өӳ]�w irq �H�� + vector �C�d�W���Ҧ� port �|�@�ɦP�@�� irq �C�@��ӻ��ڭ̳��⥦�]�b�� + ��@�� serial port �W�C���n�ѤF���w <tt/COM_MULTIPORT/ �o�� + option �C + + <p>�U���O�@�ӧ� AST 4-port �d �]�b irq 7 ���Ҥl : + + <verb> + options "COM_MULTIPORT" + device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781 + device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781 + device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781 + device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr + </verb> + + <p>�o�̪� flags �]�w�O�� master port �� minor number �O 7 + (<tt/0x700/), �b�����ɰ��ˬd (<tt/0x080/), �H�ΩҦ��� port �@�ɤ@�� + irq (<tt/0x001/) �C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �i�H����h�i serial �h��d�ϥΦP�@�� irq �� ?</heading> + + <p>�٨S�䴩�C�z���ݬ��C�i�d�]�w���P�� irq �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�� port �]�w�w�]�Ѽƶ� ?</heading> + + <p>�q�`�z�|�Q���z�����ε{���}�� <tt/ttydX/ (�άO <tt/cuaaX/) �˸m�C�� + �@�� process �}�Ҹ˸m�H��, ���|���@�չw�]���ݾ� I/O �]�w�C�z�i�H�� + �U���o�ӫ��O���[��o�dz]�w + + <verb> + stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1 + </verb> + + <p>���z���ܤF�Y�Ӹ˸m���]�w��, �o�dz]�w�|�@���@��, ����o�Ӹ˸m�Q���� + �F����C�����Q���}�ҫ�, �S�^�������w�]�ȤF�C�p�G�Q�n���ܹw�]��, �z + �i�H�}�Ҩíק� ``��l���A'' �˸m���]�w�C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�z�Q���� ttyd5 + ���w�]��, �� <tt/CLOCAL/ �Ҧ����}, 8 bits, �åB�ϥ� + <tt>XON/XOFF</tt> �y�q����, �z�i�H�o�˰� : + + <verb> + stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff + </verb> + + <p>�z�i�H�b <tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> �̰��o�˪��]�w�C�{�b�C�@�Ӷ}�� + <tt/ttyd5/ �����ε{�����|�w�]�ϥγo�dz]�w�F�C�z�̵M�i�H�ΦP�˪���k + �h���ܳo�dz]�w�C + + <p>�z�]�i�H�ǥѳ]�w ``��w���A'' �˸m�Ө����L���ε{���h��ʳo�dz]�w + �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �Q�n�� <tt/ttyd5/ ���t����w�b 57600 bps, �z�n�o�˰� + + <verb> + stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600 + </verb> + + <p>�o�ˤ@��, �C�@�Ӷ}�� <tt/ttyd5/ �����ε{�����u��ϥ� 57600 bps ���t + �פF�C + + <p>���M, �z���ݽT�w�z����l���A�H����w���A���˸m�u��Q <tt/root/ �g�J + �C<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV" + name="MAKEDEV"> �o�� script �� <bf/���|/ �b�إ߳o�Ǹ˸m�ɦ۰����z�] + �w�n�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��ˤ~���� modem ���� dialup �n�J�O ?</heading> + + <p>�z�O���O�Q�� ISP ? ����, �z�n���@���H�W�i�H�۰ʱ�ť�� modem�C�z�� + modem �����n�� carrier-detect ���\��C���]�n����b data terminal + ready (<tt/DTR/) �Ѷ}�ର���ɭ��s�]�w�ۤv�C���γ\�]�n����ϥ� + <tt>RTS/CTS</tt> �y�q����άO��������y�q����C�̫�, ����������b�q + ���M���ۤv���ǿ餤�ϥΩw�t, ���O�b���M���� modem ���s�u�譱�h�n���� + �Ӷǿ�t�ת���O�C + + <p>�� Hayes ���O���ۮe modem �ӻ�, �U�������O�|��W�@�q�����������]�n + �æs�b�D���o�ʰO���餤 : + + <verb> + AT &C1 &D3 &K3 &Q6 S0=1 &W + </verb> + + <p>�ݬݤU���� <ref id="direct-at" name="�ǰe AT ���O��"> �o�@�`�i�H�o + ��h�����p�Q�� MS-DOS �ݵ{���Ӱ��o�dz]�w����ơC + + <p>���U��, �b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> ���z�� modem ���]�w�C�C�b�o���ɮפ����O�Ҧ��t�η| + �� login �� ports �C���U���o�˥[�J�@�� : + + <verb> + ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure + </verb> + + <p>�o�@����O�ĤG�� serial port (<tt>/dev/ttyd1</tt>) �O�@�ӥH 57600 + bps �t�צb�ǿ骺 modem, �åB�����P���ˬd (<tt/std.57600/ �O�b + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab" + name="/etc/gettytab"> �ɸ̫��w��) �C�o�� port ���ݾ����A�O + ``dialup'' �C�o�� port �]�� ``on'' �ӥB�O ``insecure'' �� --- �N��O + root ����q�o�̳s�u�i�ӡC�z���ݬ��C�� dialin port �������� + <tt/ttydX/ ���]�w�C + + <p>�q�`�ڭ̷|�� ``dialup'' �Ӱ����ݾ����A�C�p�G�ϥΪ̵n�J�ɪ��ҩl�� + �A�O dialup ����, �ܦh�ϥΪ̳��|�b�L�̪� .profile �άO .login �ɤ��] + �w�L�̯u�����ݾ����A�C�W�����Ҥl���ڭ��|���O insecure ���Ҥl�C�p�G + �z�Q�n�b�o�� port �ܦ� root ����, �z�����Τ@��ϥΪ̪������n�J, �M�� + ``<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?su" name="su">'' + �� <tt/root/ �C�p�G�z�Ϊ��O ``secure'' ����, �h <tt/root/ �i�H�����n + �J�C + + <p>�b�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> ���L�ק蠟��, �z�����e�@�� hangup �άO <tt/HUP/ + �� signal �� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?init" + name="init"> process : + + <verb> + kill -HUP 1 + </verb> + + <p>�o�˷|�j�� init process �h��Ū <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> �C + �M�� init process �N�|�b�Ҧ��� ``on'' port �W���s�Ұ� getty + process �C�z�i�H�ΤU�C���O���ˬd�z�� port �O���O�i�H login �F + + <verb> + ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1' + </verb> + + <p>�z�|���������o�˪����G : + + <verb> + 747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn���� dumb terminal �s�W FreeBSD ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�z�n��O���q�������O FreeBSD ���ݾ�����, �z�u�ݭn�b��̪� + serial port �����o�@�� null modem �ƽu�Y�i�C�p�G�z���@�ӯu���ݾ� + ����, �ݬݥ������O���a�C + + <p>�M��, ���W�@�Ӱ��D�@�˭ק� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�z��@�� WYSE-50 �ݾ����b�Ĥ��� + serial port �W����, �N�n�γo�˪��]�w : + + <verb> + ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure + </verb> + + <p>�o�ӨҤl�ܽd���O <tt>/dev/ttyd4</tt> �ҥN���� port �Ϊ��O wyse50 �� + �ݾ�, �s�u�t�� 38400 bps, ���ϥΦP���ˬd (<tt/std.38400/ �O�q + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab" + name="/etc/gettytab"> �]�w��) �ӥB <tt/root/ �i�H login (secure) �C + + <sect1> + <heading>������ڤ������ <tt/tip/ �� <tt/cu/ �O ?</heading> + + <p>�b�z���t�Τ�, <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" + name="tip"> �M <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu" + name="cu"> �ܥi��u��� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uucp" name="uucp"> �ϥΪ̩M + <tt/dialer/ �s�դ~�����C�z�i�H�� <tt/dialer/ �s�ըӱ���쩳���֥i + �H�s���z�� modem �H�λ��ݨt�ΡC�z�u�n��z�ۤv�[�� dialer �s�դ��N�i + �H�F�C + + <p>�t�~�@�ؤ�k�O, �z�i�H���z�t�ΤW�Ҧ��ϥΪ̳��i�H���� <tt/tip/ �M + <tt/cu/ , �u�n�z + + <verb> + # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu + # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ���䴩�ڪ� stock Hayes modem --- �ڭn���� ?</heading> + + <p>�ƹ�W, <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" + name="tip"> �� man page �w�g�L�ɤF�C�@�몺 Hayes dialer �w�g���ئb�t + �Τ��C�z�u�n�b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> + ���w ``<tt/at=hayes/'' �N�i�H�F�C + + <p>�i�����O, Hayes ���X�ʵ{�������o��, ���Ƿs modem �W���i���\�०�L�k + ���ѥX�� --- �Ҧp <tt/BUSY/ , <tt/NO DIALTONE/ , �άO + <tt/CONNECT 115200/ �o�����T�����N�|�d�V�C�z�b�ϥ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> ���ɭԥ��� + �⥦������ (�� <tt/ATX0&W/) �C + + <p>�٦�, <tt/tip/ �� dial �O�ɮɶ��O 60 ���C�z�� modem �i��n�]�o��u, + �_�h tip �|�{���o�ͤF�q�T�W�����D�C�ոլ�<tt/ATS7=45&W/ �C + + <p>�ƹ�W <tt/tip/ �٨S�������䴩���C�ѨM��k�O�h�ק� + <tt>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</tt> �ؿ��̪� <tt/tipconf.h/ �C����M�z + �����n����l�{���X�~��o�C + + <p>�� ``<tt/#define HAYES 0/'' �令 ``<tt/#define HAYES 1/'' �C�M�� + ``<tt/make/'' �� ``<tt/make install/'' �C����@�����|��_���`�F�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڤ���ɭԭn������J AT ���O ?<label id="direct-at"> + </heading> + + <p>�b�z�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" + name="/etc/remote"> �ɸ̥[�@�� ``<tt/direct/'' �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�z�� + modem �s���b�Ĥ@�� serial port, <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>, �h�z�n�[�J�U�� + �o�@�� : + + <verb> + cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none + </verb> + + <p>�b br �椤�]�w�z modem �Ҥ䴩���̰��t�C����, ��J <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip cuaa0"> ���� + �z�N�s�W�z�� modem �F�C + + <p>�p�G�z���t�ΤW�S�� <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt> , �z�N���o�� : + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV cuaa0 + </verb> + + <p>�άO�z�i�H�� root ���� cu ���O, ���o�� : + + <verb> + # cu -l``line'' -s``speed'' + </verb> + + <p>�o�̪� line �O���z�� serial port (�Ҧp <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>) , speed + �O���z���ǿ�t�� (�Ҧp <tt>57600</tt>) �C�p�G�z�U�� AT ���O��, ��J + <tt>~.</tt> �i�H���}�C + + <sect1> + <heading>pn �椤�� <tt/@/ ����ΤF !</heading> + + <p>�q�ܸ��X�椤�� <tt/@/ �O���O�Ψӧi�D tip �h <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones(5)" + name="/etc/phones"> ��q�ܸ��X�C���O <tt/@/ �P�ɤ]�O <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> + �o���ɮפ����S���r���C�z�i�H�[�W�ϱu : + + <verb> + pn=\@ + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn���b�R�O�C�U���q�ܩO ?</heading> + + <p>�b�z�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" + name="/etc/remote"> ��@�� ``<tt/generic/''�C�|�Ҩӻ� : + + <verb> + tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: + tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: + </verb> + + <p>�M��z�N�i�H�� ``<tt/tip -115200 5551234/'' �o�˥ΤF�C�p�G�z����� + �w�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu" name="cu"> + ����, �ϥ� generic cu ��� : + + <verb> + cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: + </verb> + + <p>�M���J ``<tt/cu 5551234 -s 115200/'' �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڨC���Ϊ��ɭԳ��n��J bps �t�� ?</heading> + + <p>�z�i�H�ϥ����� <tt/tip1200/ �άO <tt/cu1200/ �����, ���L�b�z�ϥΤ� + �e�Х��T�w�z�� br ��i�H�䴩�o�ӳt�סC<htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> �{�� 1200 + bps �O�@�ӫܦn���w�]��, �o�]�N�O������n�s�� ``<tt/tip1200/'' ����] + �F�C���M�z�]�i�H���n�� 1200 bps �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�z�L�@�x terminal server �Ӧs���D���C</heading> + + <p>���F�C�����z�s�W server ����J ``<tt/CONNECT <host>/'' �H�~, + ����n����k�O�� tip �� <tt/cm/ �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �ݬ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> : + + <verb> + pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ + :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: + muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ + :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: + deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ + :dv=/dev/cua02:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234: + </verb> + + <p>�i�H���z�u�� ``<tt/tip pain/'' �άO ``<tt/tip muffin/'' �N�i�H�s�W + pain �� muffin ; �M�� ``<tt/tip deep13/'' �i�H�s�W terminal server�C + + <sect1> + <heading>tip �i�H�b�@���s�u����ܦh�x������ ?</heading> + + <p>�q�`�o�Ӱ��D�o�ͦb : �@���j�Ǧ��@�� modem , �ӥB���W�d�W�ǥͭn��... + + <p>�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" + name="/etc/remote"> �̬��z���j�dz]�@�����, �èϥ� <tt>\@</tt> �@�� + ���� <tt/pn/ : + + <verb> + big-university:\ + :pn=\@:tc=dialout + dialout:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none: + </verb> + + <p>�M��, ��j�Ǫ������q�ܩ�b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones" name="/etc/phones"> + �� : + + <verb> + big-university 5551111 + big-university 5551112 + big-university 5551113 + big-university 5551114 + </verb> + + <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> + �|�̷Ӫ��C�����Ǩ̦��|��, �̫���C�p�G�z�n�@���ժ���, �z�i�H�b + while �j��̰��� <tt/tip/ �C + + <sect1> + <heading>������ګ��⦸ CTRL+P, �i�O�o�u�e�X�F�@�� CTRL+P ?</heading> + + <p>CTRL+P �O���w�� ``force'' �r��, �Ψӧi�D <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> �U�@�Ӧr�� + �O�@��r���C�z�i�H�ǥ� <tt/~s/ (�N�� ``�]�w�ܼ�'') ���L�r���]���j + ���r���C + + <p>��J ``<tt/~sforce=<single-char>/'' �᭱���@�� newline �C + <tt/<single-char>/ �i�H�O���N��@�r���C�p�G�z�u�� + <tt/<single-char>/ , �h nul �N�Q�]���O force character, �z�i + �H�ǥѫ� CTRL+2 �άO CTRL+SPACE �ӫ��X nul �CSHIFT+CTRL+6 �O�@�Ӥ� + ���� <tt/<single-char>/ , �ڬݹL�@�Dzݾ����O�o��]�w�C + + <p>�z�]�i�H�b <tt>$HOME/.tiprc</tt> ���]�w force character : + + <verb> + force=<single-char> + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>��M���ڥ����F�賣�ܦ��j�g�F ??</heading> + + <p>�z���ӬO����F CTRL+A, �b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> �����S�� + caps-lock �䪺�ϥΪ̩ҳ]�p�� ``raise character''�C�z�i�H���W�Ӱ��D + �@�˧Q�� <tt/~s/ �ӧ� ``raisechar'' �o���ܼƧ令�X�z���ȡC�ƹ�W, + �p�G�z�{���z�û������|�Ψ�o��ӥ\���, �z�i�H�⥦�]���� force + character �@�ˡC + + <p>�U���O�@�Ӭ� Emacs �ϥΪ̩ҳ]�w�� .tiprc , Emacs �ϥΪ̱`�`�|�Ψ� + CTRL+2 �M CTRL+A : + + <verb> + force=^^ + raisechar=^^ + </verb> + + <p>^^ �N�O SHIFT+CTRL+6 �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p��ϥ� <tt/tip/ �Ӷ��ɮשO ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�z���ﹳ�]�O UNIX �t�Ϊ���, �z�i�H�� <tt/~p/ (put) �M <tt/~t/ + (take) �Ӧ��e��ơC�o��өR�O�|�b���ݾ������� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cat" name="cat"> �M <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?echo" name="echo"> �Ӧ��e�� + �סC�Ϊk�O : + + <verb> + ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>] + ~t <remote-file> [<local-file>] + </verb> + + <p>�����|�����~�ˬd, �ҥH�z�̦n�ΧO���q�T��w, �Ҧp zmodem �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn���� <tt/tip/ �Ӷ] zmodem �O ?</heading> + + <p>����, �q ports ����@�� zmodem �{���Ӧw �� (�Ҧp�b comms �ؿ��U�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^lrzsz" + name="lrzsz"> �άO <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^rzsz" name="rzsz"> ) �C + + <p>�b�����ɮפ譱, �z�n���b���ݱҰʶǰe�{���C�M��� enter �A��J + ``<tt/~C rz/'' (�p�G�z�w�� lrzsz ���ܴN�n�� ``<tt/~C lrz/'') �N�i�H + �}�l�����F�C + + <p>�b�ǰe�ɮפ譱, �z�n���b���ݱҰʶǰe�{���C�M��� enter �A��J + ``<tt/~C sz <files>/'' (�άO ``<tt/~C lsz <files>/'') �N + �i�H���ɮװe�컷�ݨt�ΤF�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�N��ڳ]�w�L�~, FreeBSD �n���٬O�䤣��ڪ� serial port ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�z���D���O�άO�d�W���Ψ� Acer �� UART ��������, FreeBSD �b�}���� + �� sio �����i��|�����T�C�z�i�H�q <url + url="http://www.lemis.com/serial-port-patch.html" name="www.lemis.com"> + ��� patch �ӭץ��o�Ӱ��D�C + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml b/zh/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48e3bbc14b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,446 @@ +<!-- $Id: troubleshoot.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by corona@tale.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.9 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�`�����D�ѨM<label id="troubleshoot"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��w�Ц��a�y!<label id="awre"></heading> + + <p>�Y�O SCSI �w�Ъ��ܡA���Ӧ���O�۰ʧ@ re-mapping ���ʧ@�C + �M�ӡA�]���@�ǯ������]���A�b�X�t�ɡA�ܦh�w�Ъ��o���\��O������. + <p>�n�N�䭫�s�}�ҡA�z�ݭn�s��˸m���Ĥ@�� page �Ҧ� + �]first device page mode�^�A�b FreeBSD �W�i�H�ΤU�������O��� + �]�H root ��������^ + + <verb> + scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3 + </verb> + + <p>�M��N AWRE �M ARRE ���ƭȱq 0 �ܦ� 1:- + + <verb> + AWRE (Auto Write Reallocation Enbld): 1 + ARRE (Auto Read Reallocation Enbld): 1 + </verb> + + <p>�W���o�q�O�� + <url url="mailto:tedm@toybox.placo.com" name="Ted Mittelstaedt">�Ҵ���: + + <p>�Y�� IDE �w�СA�����a�y�q�`���O�·Ъ��w���C�ثe�Ҧ����s�� IDE �w + �СA���������۰� remapping �a�y����O�C�ثe�Ҧ� IDE �w�лs�y�ӡA������ + �F��[���O�ҡA�ӥB�|���z�X�{�a�y���w�СC + + <p>�p�G�z���Q�n�״_�����a�y�� IDE �w�СA�z���i�H�յۥh�U�� IDE �w�лs�y + �өҴ��Ѫ��˴��{���A�åΥ����ˬd�z���w�СC���ɳo�dzn��i�H�j���w�йq�� + ���s�ˬd�w�Ъ��a�y�A�ñN���̼ХܥX��. + + <p>�� ESDI�ARLL �� MFM ���w�Шӻ��A�q�`�a�y�O���`�{�H�A�]���O����·Ъ� + �e���C�b PC �W�A�Ϻб���d�M BIOS �t�d�Х��a�y�����ȡC�o��@�Ǩϥ� BIOS + �Ӧs���ϺЪ��@�~����(�p DOS)�O�S�����D���C�M�ӡAFreeBSD ���Ϻ��X�ʵ{�� + �ä��g�L BIOS �Ӧs���ϺСA�ҥH�A���� bad144 ������ΨӨ��N�o���\��C + bad144 �u��Φb wd �o�ӺϺ��X�ʵ{���W�A���L�k�Φb SCSI �w�ФW�Cbad144 + ���u�@��k�O�N�Ҧ���쪺�a�y��Ʀs��@�ӯS�O���ɮ��ءC + + <p>�ϥ� bad144 ��ĵ�i - �s���a�y��ƪ��S�O�ɮO��b�w�Ъ��̫�@�y + �W�C�]���o���ɮ��x�s���a�y��Ƥ��A���i��Ǹ�ƬO���V�w�г̫e�ݩҵo�� + ���a�y���ΡA�N�O�i���x�s /kernel �o���ɪ��a��A�ҥH���@�w�n��Q�}���{�� + ��Ū���A�Ӷ}���{���O�z�L BIOS ��Ū�� kernel �ɡC�o���ܤF�ϥ� bad144 �� + �w�е�����֦��W�L 1024 �� cylinder�A16 �� head �� 63 �� sector�C + �o�y���F�ϥ� bad144 ���w�Ъ��j�p����j�� 500 MB�C + + <p>�n�ϥ� bad144 ��²��A�u�n�b�}�l�w�ˮɡA�b FreeBSD fdisk �e���� + "Bad Block" ���˳]�� ON �Y�i�C�b FreeBSD 2.2.7 �H�᳣�i�H�ϥΦ���k�C + ���o�ӵw�Ъ� cylinder �@�w�n�b 1024 �H�U�C�ϥΫe�A�ڭ̫�ij�o�ӵw�Эn + �ܤ֥��ϥΥ|�Ӥp�ɡA�H�K�����ȻP�ϭy�����F�@�몬�A�C + + <p>�p�G�o�ӵw�о֦��W�L 1024 �� cylinder (���j�e�q�� ESDI �w��)�A + ESDI ����d�Q�Τ@�ӯS�O���ഫ�Ҧ��ϥ���b DOS �U�u�@�C + �Ӧp�G�z�b fdisk �ت� "set geometry" ����J "�ഫ�L" �� geometry�Awd �o + ���X�ʵ{����F�ѳo���ഫ�Ҧ��C�z�]���藍��ϥ� dangerously dedicated �� + ���ӫإ� FreeBSD �����ΰϡA�]�����|���� geometry �o�ӰѼơC + ���~�A�N�� fdisk �ϥαz�ҿ�J�� geometry �ѼơA���̵M�|�hŪ���o�w�Ъ� + �u����ơA�ӷ|���եh�إߤ@�ӹL�j�� FreeBSD ���ΰϡC�p�G�ϺЪ� geometry + �w�g�Q "�ഫ" �L�F�A����o�Ӥ��ΰ� "����" �H��ʿ�J block �ƥت���k�� + �إߡC + + <p>�@�ӧֳt���p�ޥ��O�Q�� ESDI ����d�ӳ]�w�j�e�q�� ESDI �w�СA�� DOS �} + �����}���A�A�N�� format �� DOS �����ΰϡC�M�᭫�}���i�J FreeBSD �w�˵{�� + �A�b fdisk �e���A��DOS ���ΰϪ� blocksize �M block number �ۤU�ӡC�M�᭫ + �s�]�w geometry �Ϩ�� DOS �ϥΪ��@�ˡC�R�� DOS ���ΰϡA�M��ϥαz���� + �U�� blocksize �ӫإߤ@�� cooperative FreeBSD ���ΰϡC�M��]�w�o�Ӥ��ΰ� + ���i�}���A�A���}�a�y���ˡC�b�u�����w�˹L�{���Abad144 �|�b�����ɮרt�γQ + �إ߫e���Q����C(�z�i�H�� Alt-F2 �Ӻʬݳo�@��)�p�G�b�إ��a�y����ɮɵo�� + �F���D�A�z�|�ݭn�]�w�@�Ӹ��j���Ϻ� geometry - �o���ܱz�ݭn���}���A�M��� + ���A���s�}�l (�]�A���s���ΥH�Φb DOS �U���s format)�C + + <p>�p�G remapping ���\��w�g�ҰʤF�A�ӱz�̵M�@���ݨ��a�y���͡A����Ҽ{ + ���@�x�w�Чa�C�a�y�����Υu�|�H�ɶ��W�[�ӧ��Y���C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �줣��ڪ� Bustek 742a EISA SCSI �d!</heading> + + <p>�U������T�O�� 742a �o�i�d�Ϊ��A���O��L Buslogic ���d�γ\�]�i�H + �A�ΡC (Bustek �N�O Buslogic) + + <p>742a �o�i�d����ӥD�n���u�����v�C�@�ӬO���� A-G�A�t�@�ӬO���� H + �Ψ�H��C������T�i�H�q�����d��t���y�����̫᭱�o���C742a �o�i + �d����Ӱ�Ū�����b���W���A�@�ӬO BIOS �����A�ӥt�@�ӬO���鴹���C + FreeBSD �ä��b�G�z�d�W�� BIOS �����A���O���骺�����N�ܭ��n�F�C�p�G + �A���q�ܵ��L�̧N�䴩�M�u���ܡA�L�̷|�H���z�̷s�������ѱz�ɯšC + BIOS �M���鴹���O�@�_�e�Ӫ��C �z�ݭn�N�d�W BIOS �M���骩���A�̱z�d + ���������P�A�ɯŨ�̷s���@���C + + <p>���� A-G ���d�̰��u��N BIOS/���� �ɯŨ� 2.41/2.21 ���A�Ӫ��� H + ��A�ثe BIOS/���骺�̷s�����O 4.70/3.37�C�o��Ӷ��骩�������t���b + ��A3.37 �o���䴩 ``round robin'' + + <p>Buslogic ���d�W���]�����Ǹ��C�p�G�z�d���������¡A�z�i�H�յۥ��q + �ܵ� Buslogic ��RMA �����A�M�ᵹ�L�̱z���Ǹ��A�ݯण���L�̥洫�@ + �i���s�������d�C�p�G���i�d���ª��ܡA�L�̷|�����A�C + + <p>FreeBSD 2.1 �u�䴩���� 2.21 ���H�᪺�����C�p�G�z���骩����o���� + �ª��ܡA����z���d�N����Q���ѥX�O Buslogic ���d�C�����i��|�Q���Ѧ� + Adaptec 1540�C������ Buslogic �d�W�����馳�@�� AHA1540``����''�Ҧ��A + �o��@�i EISA �d�ӻ��ä��O��n�ơC + + <p>�p�G�z���@�i���ª������d�A�ӱz���o 2.21 �����骺�ܡA�z�ݭn�ˬd�@�U + jumper W1 ����m�A�N���զ� B-C�A��l�]�w�O A-B�C + + <p>742a EISA �d�S���b <ref id="bigram" name="�b�֦� >16 MB �O���骺�����W"> + �o�q���Ҵ��L�� ``>16MB'' ���D�C�o�Ӱ��D�u�|�o�ͦb Vesa-Local �y�ƪ� + Buslogic SCSI �d�W�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD �줣��ڪ� HP Netserver �� SCSI ����d�I + </heading> + + <p>�W�o�ӬO�@�Ӥw�������D�C�b HP Netserver �����W�� on-board + EISA ���� SCSI ����d�e�ڤF�w�}���� 11 �� EISA �ѡA�]���Ҧ��� ``�u��'' + EISA �ѳ��b�����e�C�i�O�A�b EISA �w�}�Ŷ� >= 10 �ɡA�|�P���w�� PCI + �Ϊ��w�}�Ŷ��۽Ĭ�A�B FreeBSD �� auto-configuration �L�k���T���B�z + �o�ӱ��ΡC + + <p>�]���A�{�b�A�వ���̦n�Ʊ��N�O�b kernel �س]�w <tt/EISA_SLOTS/ + �o�ӿﶵ�� 12 �A�M����@�S���o�Ӱ��D :)�C + �Ш̷� <url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" + name="Handbook ������ kernel ���]�w"> �ةһ�����k�� + �]�w�P�sĶ�z�� kernel + + <p>���M�A�b�w�˨�o�ؾ����W�ɡA�o�O�@�����ͳJ�J���������D�C + ���F�ѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A�b <em>UserConfig</em> �����@�ӯS�O����k�A + �w�ˮɤ��n�i�J ``visual'' �����A�ۤϪ��A�b�R�O�C�Ҧ����A��J + + <verb> + eisa 12 + quit + </verb> + + <p>�M��N�p�H���@�˦w�˱z���t�ΡC���M�ڭ̫�ij�z�sĶ�P�w�ˤ@�� + �ݩ�ۤv�� kernel�A�� + + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?dset" name="dset"> + �{�b�]�w�g�F�ѳo�ӰѼơA�B�|�x�s���C + + <p>�Ʊ�A�b���Ӫ����������o�Ӱ��D���@�Ӧn���ѨM��k�C + + <p><tt/�`�N:/ �z�L�k�b HP Netserver �W�ϥ� <bf/dangerously dedicated/ + �ϺмҦ��C�z�i�H�Ѧ� <ref id="dedicate" name="�o������">�H��o��h + ��T�C + + <sect1> + <heading>CMD640 IDE ������X�F������D?</heading> + + <p>�������D�b��L�k�P�ɳB�z��� channel �����O�C + + <p>�{�b�w�g���ӸѨM��k�F�A�B�|�۰ʦb�z�ϥγo�������ɱҰʡC + �p�G�ݭn��Ժɪ������A�Ьd�\�����Ϻ��X�ʵ{��������(man 4 wd) + + <p>�p�G�z�ثe�O�ϥ� CMD640 IDE ������A�[�W FreeBSD 2.2.1 �� + 2.2.2�A�ӥB�z�S�Q�n�ϥΨ�ĤG�� channel �ɡA�Цb�z�� kernel �] + �w���[�J <tt/options "CMD640"/ �M�᭫�s�sĶ�@�ӷs�� kernel�C + �o�� option �b 2.2.5 ���H��O���w�Ұʪ��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڤ@���ݨ����� ``<tt/ed1: timeout/'' ���T��</heading> + + <p>�o�ӳq�`�O�ѩ��_�Ĭ�(interrupt conflict)�ҳy���� (�Ҧp�A����d + �ϥΨ�F�ۦP�� IRQ)�C FreeBSD �b 2.0.5 ���H�e���e�\�o�ӱ��ΡA + �N�⦳ IRQ �Ĭ𱡧ΡA�����d�]���Ӥ��i���`�B�@�C + �M�ӡA�b 2.0.5 ���Ψ�H��A�w���A�e�\�� IRQ �Ĭ𪺱��ΤF�C + �Щ�}���ɨϥ� -c �o�ӿﶵ�A�M���� ed0/de0/..�C�����]�w�A�Ϩ� + �M�z�����d�������]�w�@�P�C + + <p>�p�G�z�O�ϥαz�����d�W�� BNC ���Y�A�z�γ\�]�|�]���}���ݹq���]�w�A + �ӵo�˸m (device) timeout �����ΡC�n�ˬd�O�_���o�ر��ΡA�z�i�H�b + �����d�W�������W�ݹq�� (���n�������u)�A�M��ݬݳo�ӿ��~�T���O���O + �N�����F�C + + <p>���� NE2000 ���ۮe�d�A�p�G���� UTP ��S���������u�A�άO�Ӻ����u�� + �S�Q�ϥΪ��ܡA�]�|�X�{�o�ӿ��~�T���C + + <sect1> + <heading>�b�ڷQ�n���W CDROM �ɡA�X�{``Incorrect super block''���T��</heading> + + <p>�z�����i�D + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" name="mount"> + �z�Q���W�� device ���ɮ榡�C�b��l�]�w�ءA + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" name="mount"> + �|���]�z���ɮ榡�� ``<tt/ufs/''�C�p�G�z�Q�n���W CD-ROM �ت��ɮסA + �z�ݭn�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" + name="mount">�C + �ɫ��w ``<tt/-t cd9660/'' �o�ӿﶵ�C���M�A�o�O���]���Ф��O�ϥ� + ISO 9660 ���ɮרt�� (���j�h�ƥ��Ф��ҬO�γo�M�ɮרt��) + �B�b 1.1 ���H��AFreeBSD �w�g��ݱo�� Rock Ridge (���ɦW) �o�ө����榡�C + + <p>�|�Ҩӻ��A�p�G�z�Q�N ``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>'' �o�� CDROM �˸m (device) + ���b <tt>/mnt</tt> �U�A�z�ݭn����: + + <verb> + mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt + </verb> + + <p>�n�`�N���O�A�z���˸m�W�٥i��|���@�� (�b���d�Ҥ��O + ``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>''�A���O�ھڱz�� CDROM �����өw���C + �t�~�n�`�N���A``<tt/-t cd9660/'' �o�ӿﶵ�u�O�I�s + ``<tt/mount_cd9660/'' �o�ӫ��O�A�ҥH�W���o�ӽd�� + �]�i�H�Y�u��: + + <verb> + mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڷQ���W CDROM �ɡA�X�{�F ``Device not configured'' �����~�T�� + </heading> + + <p>�o�q�`�O���ܱz�� CD-ROM �ح��S�����Ф��A�Ϊ̬O�o�x�����L�k�Q + �y�� (bus) ���C������Ф��b���о��ءA�p�G���O IDE (ATAPI) �� + ���о����ܡA�ˬd�@�U���� master/slave ���A�C���о��q�`�ݭn�X���� + ���ɶ��~��Ƨ� (ready)�A�ҥH�Э@�ߵ��ԡC + + <p>���ɳo�O�o�ͦb SCSI CD-ROM �W�A�]�����b�y�ƭ��m (bus reset) + �ɨӤ��Φ^���A�ҥH�����F�C�p�G�z�֦����O SCSI CD-ROM�A�й��զb + kernel �]�w�ɤ��[�J�H�U���]�w�A�M�᭫�s�sĶ�C + + <verb> + options "SCSI_DELAY=15" + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��L���t�ׯ}�ѯ�C�C�ڸӫ�H</heading> + + + <p>�p�G�O�����A�B�ߤ@�����D�N�O�t�ܺC���ܡA�յ۳]�w�z�� + �L������ ``polled'' �Ҧ�: + + <verb> + lptcontrol -p + </verb> + + <p>���Ƿs�� HP �L�������G�L�k�b interrupt �Ҧ������`�u�@�A + �ܩ��㪺�O�]���@�Ǯɯ߰��D (���٤��O���A�Ѭ�����|�p��) + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��{�����ɷ|�] ``Signal 11'' �o�ӿ��~�Ӱ���</heading> + + <p>�o�ӳq�`�O�]�������D���w�� (�O����A�D���O����) �ҳy����. + �ոզb�z�� PC �W�]�ӰO������յ{���ݬݡC�`�N�A�N��z�չL���C�@�ذO + ������յ{�����^�����z���O����S�����D�A���O�A���@�ǧC�~�誺�O����A + ���M��q�L�O������աA���L�b�u���u�@�ɫo�|�X���D (�Ҧp�q + Adaptec 1542 ���� SCSI ����d�� bus mastering DMA�B�b�s�� kernel �ɡB + �άO�t�Ϊ��t���ܰ���) + + <p>SIG11 FAQ (��}�b�U��) ���X�O���骺�t�פ����ֳq�`�O�o�Ӱ��D����]�C + �յۦb�z�� BIOS �]�w���W�[�O���� wait ���A���ɶ��A�άO��֪��O�� + ��C + + <p>�H�ڦӨ��A�ڴ��J�L�Ѥ��}���֨��O����άO���}�� on-board �֨��d + �ҳy�����o�Ӱ��D�C�յۦb BIOS �]�w������ on-board (�ĤG��) �֨��A + �ݬݳo�˯ण��ѨM�o�Ӱ��D + + <p>�o��@���ܦn�� FAQ: + <url url="http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/" name="SIG11 ���D�� FAQ"> + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڶ}���ɡA�ù��ܶ¡A�B�����{�ʡI</heading> + + <p>�o�Ӱ��D�A�w���O�� ATI Mach 64 ��ܥd�Ҥް_���C�]���o���d�ϥΨ� + <tt/2e8/ �o�Ӧ�}�A�ӳo�P�ĥ|�ӧǦC��(serial port)�ҨϥΪ���}�ۦP�C�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" name="sio.c"> + �o���X�ʵ{���A�����D�O bug �άO�\��(feather)�A�N��z�S���ĥ|�ӧǦC��A + �άO�w�g�N sio3 (�ĥ|�ӧǦC��^�����F�A���̵M�|�h�����X�ʥ��C + + <p>����o�Ӱ��D�Q�ѨM�H�e�A�z�i�H�ϥγo�Ӥ�k�G + + <enum> + <item>�b�}�����ܡ]�ݨ�<tt/boot:/ �ɡ^���J <tt/-c/�C �]�o�|�� kernel + �i�J�]�w�Ҧ��^ + + <item>���� <tt/sio0/�A<tt/sio1/�A<tt/sio2/ and <tt/sio3/ �]�����^ + �o�i�H�� sio �X�ʵ{�����ʧ@ -> ��O���D�ѨM�C + + <item>��J exit �H�~��Ұʵ{�� + </enum> + + <p>�p�G�z�Q�n�ϥαz���ǦC��A�z�ݭn�ק� + <tt>/usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</tt>�A�b���ɤ���X <tt/0x2e8/ �o�Ӧr�� + �����o�Ӧr��Υ��e�����r���]�O�d�᭱���^�A�M�᭫�s�sĶ�@�ӷs�� kernel + + <p>�N��ϥΤF�W���o�Ǥ�k�AX Window ���M���i��L�k���Q����C���Ƿs�� + ATI Mach 64 ��ܥd�]�S�O�O ATI Mach Xpression�^�A�L�k�b�ثe������ + <tt/XFree86/ �W���`�u�@�F�Ұ� X Window �ɿù��ܶ¡A�άO�|���_�Ǫ����D + �o�͡C�z�i�H�� <url url="http://www.xfree86.org" name="XFree86 ������"> + ��� new beta release �o�ӳs��(link)�A�Ө��o X-server �� beta ���A���� + �ۮe�������ӴN����n�F�C�z�ݭn���o�U�C�o���ɮסG + + <p><tt>AccelCards�ABetaReport�ACards�ADevices�AFILES�AREADME.ati�A + README.FreeBSD�AREADME.Mach64�ARELNOTES�AVGADriver.Doc�A + X312BMa64.tgz</tt> + + <p>�H�o���ɮר��N�z�즳�����ɮסA�M����O�A�] <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xf86config" + name="xf86config"> �@�M�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڦ� 128 MB �� RAM�A���O�t�Υu�Ψ䤤�� 64MB + <label id="reallybigram"> + </heading> + + <p>�]�� FreeBSD �O�ϥΩI�s BIOS �Ө��o�O����j�p����k�A�]�����u�� + ������ 16 bits �줸���ת� KByte �j�p (65535 KBytes = 64MB) + (�Ϊ̧��..�C���� BIOS �N�̰��O����j�p�����u�� 16MB) + �p�G�z�֦� 64MB �H�W�� RAM�AFreeBSD �|���եh�����X���A���O���i�� + �|���ѡC + + <p>�n�ѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A�z�ݭn�ϥΤU���Ҵ��� kernel �]�w�ﶵ�C + ���M����k�i�H�q BIOS �����o�O���骺�����T�A���O�ثe�ڭ̦b + bootblock ���èS���h�l���Ŷ��Ӱ��o��ơC���Y�� bootblock �Ŷ� + ������������o�ѨM�ɡA�ڭ̱N�|�ϥ� BIOS �������\��Ө��o�O�� + �骺�����T...���{�b�ڭ̱N����b kernel �]�w�ﶵ���C + + <tt> + options "MAXMEM=<n>" + </tt> + + <p><tt/n/ �O���z���O����j�p�A�H KB �����C�H�@�x�� 128MB RAM �� + �����ӻ��A�z�i�ϥ� <tt/131072/ �o�ӼƦr�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD 2.0 �]�� ``kmem_map too small!'' �ӵo�� panic�I</heading> + + <p><tt /�`�N/ �o�ӰT���]���i��O ``mb_map too small!'' + + <p>�o�� panic �O���ܨt�ΥΥ��F�������w�İϪ��Ҧ��������O���� (�S + �O�O mbuf clusters)�C�z�i�H�W�[�� mbuf clusters �� VM ���ƶq�A + �u�n�[�J: + + <p><tt>options "NMBCLUSTERS=<n>"</tt> + + <p>�b�z�� kernel �]�w�ɤ��A<n> �O�@�Ӧb 512-4096 �����Ʀr�A + �̱z�Q���Ѧh�֦P�ɪ� TCP �s���ƥئh��өw�C�ڷ|��ij�ո� 2048 - + �o�Ʀr���ӥi�H�����קK�o�� panic �F�C�z�i�H����: + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat" + name="netstat -m"> �Ӻʬݦ��h�� mbuf clusters + �b�t�ΤW���Q �t�m/�ϥΡCNMBCLUSTERS ���ƭȤ��w�� + <tt/512 + MAXUSERS * 16/�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ηs kernel �}���ɡA�X�{ ``CMAP busy panic'' �o�ӿ��~�T��</heading> + + <p>�ΨӰ����L�� <tt>/var/db/kvm_*.db</tt> �ɮת�������|"�X��" + �ӨϥΤ@�ӧt�����T��ƪ��ɮצ��ɴN�|�ɭP panic�C + + <p>�p�G�o�ͤF�o�Ӱ��D�A�Э��s�}���A�i�J��ϥΪ̼Ҧ��A�M�����: + + <verb> + rm /var/db/kvm_*.db + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>ahc0: brkadrint�A Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0</heading> + + <p>�o�O�@�өM Ultrastor SCSI ����d�������Ĭ� + + <p>�b�}���ɡA�i�J kernel �]�w��� + ���� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uha(4)" + name="uha0">�A���O�y���o�Ӱ��D����] + + <sect1> + <heading>Sendmail �@����� ``mail loops back to myself''</heading> + + <p>�o�Ӱ��D�b sendmail �� FAQ ���O�o�˦^����:- + <verb> + * �ڤ@�����즳�� "Local configuration error" ���H��A�Ҧp: + + 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself + 554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error + + �ڭn�p��ѨM�o�Ӱ��D? + + �z�Q�� MX �]�w�A���n�H��Y domain (�p: domain.net) ���H��A + �H��z�ҫ��w������ (�b�o�ӨҤl���� relay.domain.net)�A���O�o + �������å��Q�]�w���� domain.net ���H��C�� domain.net �[�� + /etc/sendmail.cw �� (�p�G�z���ϥ� FEATURE(use_cw_file)) �άO + �b sendmail.cf ���[�J "Cw domain.net" + </verb> + + <p><url + url="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" + name="sendmail FAQ"> �{�b�w���A�H�� sendmail "�X�f"�C + ���ثe�O�Q�w�����o���b: + <url url="news:comp.mail.sendmail" name="comp.mail.sendmail">�A + <url url="news:comp.mail.misc" name="comp.mail.misc">�A + <url url="news:comp.mail.smail" name="comp.mail.smail">�A + <url url="news:comp.answers" name="comp.answers">�A�M + <url url="news:news.answers" name="news.answers">�C + �z�]�i�H�H�@�� Email �� + <url url="mailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu" + name="mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu">�A�M��b�H�夤�g�W + "send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" �o�ӫ��O + �H���o�o�����C + + <sect1> + <heading>�b���ݾ���(remote machine)������ù����n��ɡA�������`�����ΡI + </heading> + <p>�γ\���ݾ����ëD�N�z���ݾ��κA�]�� FreeBSD console �ҥ� + �� <tt>cons25</tt>�A�ӬO�]���䥦�����C + <p>�o��X�ӸѨM�o�Ӱ��D����k: + <itemize> + <item>�b logging �i���ݾ�����A���z�� shell �ܼ� TERM �� + <tt>ansi</tt> �άO <tt>sco</tt>�C + <item>�b local �ݥΤ@�ǥi�H���� VT100 ���������A�p <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?screen-" name="screen">�C + <tt>screen</tt> ���ѱz�b�@�� terminal �ئP�ɶ]�n�X�� session + ����O�A�ӥB�������]�O�@�Ӭ۷��n���n��C + <item>�b���ݾ������ݾ���Ʈw(terminal database)���[�J + <tt>cons25</tt> ����ơC + <item>�Ұ� X �M��Q�� <tt>xterm</tt> �� login �i���ݪ������C + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ������@����� "calcru: negative time..."</heading> + <p>���_ �]interrupt�^ ���������P�w�� �P/�� �n�骺�f�t�����i��y�� + �o�Ӱ��D�C�o���i��O bug �άO�Y�Ӹ˸m���������D�C�b�����W�ϥ� + �j�� MTU �ӧ@ TCP/IP �ǿ�i�H���{�o�Ӱ��D�C�Y�O�ϧΥ[�t�d�y���o�� + ���D���ܡA�z���ӥ��ˬd�d�����_�]�w�C + + <p>�o�Ӱ��D����ڮ����O�|�y������ process �X�{ + "SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time limit" ���T���A�Ӥ����`���_ + + <p>�Y�����O 1998 �~ 11 �� 29 ��H�᪺ FreeBSD 3.0�A�p�G�o�� + ���D�@���L�k�H��L��k�ѨM�A�N�u��]�w sysctl �ܼơG +<verb> + sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1 +</verb> + <p> �o�˷|��կ�Ǽv�T�A���O�Y�Ҽ{��o�Ӱ��D�a�Ӫ���G�A�o�˰��O�� + �o���C�p�G�o�Ӱ��D�٬O�s�b���ܡA�N sysctl ���ӭȨ̵M�]�� 1�A�M�� + �W�[ kernel �]�w�ɤ� "NTIMECOUNTER" �o�ӿﶵ���ƭȡC�p�G�z�N + "NTIMECOUNTER" �W�[�� 20 �̵M�L�k�ѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A����z�����W�����_ + �w�g�h��L�k�O��í�w�����A�F�C + </sect> + diff --git a/zh/FAQ/x.sgml b/zh/FAQ/x.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e3a85ab97f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh/FAQ/x.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ +<!-- $Id: x.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.6 --> + + <sect> + <heading>X Window System �� Virtual Consoles<label id="x"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڷQ�n���� X , �ڸӫ�� ?</heading> + + <p>��²�檺��k�N�O�b�w�˨t�Ϊ��ɭԤ@�֦w�ˡC + + <p>�M��ݬ� <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xf86config" + name="xf86config �� man page"> , �o�ӵ{���i�H���A�]�w XFree86(tm) �ϥ� + ����ϥΧA����ܥd/�ƹ� ���g��C + + <p>�A�γ\�]�Q�ոլ� Xaccel server , ���i�H�H�D�`�X�z������o�C�Ա��Ь� + <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> �o�@�q�C + + <sect1> + <heading>������ڤ���b X �̨ϥηƹ� ?<label id="x-and-moused"></heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O syscons (���w�� console �X�ʵ{��) ����, �A�i�H�g�ѳ]�w + FreeBSD �������䴩�b�C�� virtual console �ϥηƹ��C���F�קK�M X ���ͽ� + ��, syscons �ϥΤF�@�ӥs�� "<tt>/dev/sysmouse</tt>" �������˸m�C�Ҧ��� + �����ͪ� event ���|�Q�� MouseSystems �o�Ө�w�ӶǨ� sysmouse �o�Ӹ˸m + �C�p�G�A�Ʊ�b�@�өΥH�W�� virtual console �W�ϥηƹ�, <bf/�åB/ ��� + �ϥ� X ����, �ڭ̫�ij�A�o�˳]�w : + + <verb> + /etc/rc.conf: + moused_type=ps/2 # or whatever your actual type is + moused_port=/dev/psm0 # or whatever your real port is + moused_flags= + + /etc/XF86Config + Section Pointer + Protocol "MouseSystems" + Device "/dev/sysmouse" + ..... + </verb> + + <p>���ǤH������w�b�]�w X ���ɭԥ� "<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" �o�Ӹ˸m�C�p + �G�A�n����������`�u�@����, �A�N������ "<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" �s���� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysmouse" + name="/dev/sysmouse"> : + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # rm -f mouse + # ln -s sysmouse mouse + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>X Window �����M��ܮؤ��ॿ�`�B�@ !</heading> + + <p>�� Num Lock �����ոաC + + <p>�p�G�A�� Num Lock �b�}���ɪ��w�]�ȬO�}�۪���, �A������U�C�o���� + <tt/XF86Config/ �]�w�ɤ��� "<tt/Keyboard/" �����C + + <verb> + # Let the server do the NumLock processing. This should only be + # required when using pre-R6 clients + ServerNumLock + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>����O virtual console ? �ڭn��~��Φh�@�I ?</heading> + + <p>²��ӻ�, virtual console �N�O�i�H���A�������Ӧh�������]�w�p�ϥκ� + ���ΰ��� X , �Ӧb�P�@�O�����W�P�ɰ��n�X��ƪ���k�C + + <p>���Ұʨt�Ψ���ܧ��Ҧ��}���T������, �A�N�|�b�ù��W�ݨ�@�� login �� + ���ܲŸ��C�b�o�ӮɭԧA�N�i�H��J�A�� login name �H�� password , �M��N + �i�H�b�Ĥ@�� virtual console �W�}�l�u�@�F (�Ϊ̶}�l�� !) �C + + <p>�b�Y�DZ��p�U, �A�i��|�Q�n�@��L���u�@, �Ҧp���O�ݬݧA���b���檺�{ + �����������, �άO���A�b FTP �ǿ骺���ݮɶ����ݬݧA���l��C�A�u�ݭn�� + Alt-F2 (���� Alt �䤣��, �ë��U F2 ��) , �M��A�N�|�b�ĤG�� "virtual + console" �W�ݨ�@�� login ���ܲŸ� ! ���A�Q�n�^���Ӫ��u�@��, �Ы� + Alt-F1�C + + <p>FreeBSD �b�w�ˮɪ��w�]�ȬO�ϥΤT�� virtual console , �A�i�H�� + Alt-F1, Alt-F2, �H�� Alt-F3 �b���̤����������C + + �p�G�A�Q�n�h�@�I virtual console ����, �A�u�ݭn�s�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> �o���� + , �b "Virtual terminals" �o�ӵ��ѫ᭱�[�J "<tt/ttyv4/" �� "<tt/ttyvc/" + ����� : + + <verb> + # Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change + # "off" to "on". + ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv6 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv7 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + </verb> + + <p>�A�Q�δX�ӴN�]�X�ӡC�A�]�V�h virtual terminal , ���̴N�α��V�h�t�� + �귽 ; �p�G�A�u������ 8MB ���O���骺��, �o�v�T�N�j�F�C�A�i��]�|�Q�� + "<tt/secure/" ���� "<tt/insecure/" �C + + <p><bf/IMPORTANT NOTE/ �p�G�A�Q�n���� X ����, �A <bf/����/ �����O�d ( + ������) �ܤ֤@�� virtual terminal �C�o�N�O��, �p�G�A�Q�b���Q�G�� Alt + �\����ɳ��� login ���ܲŸ�, �ӥB�S�b�P�@���q���W�]�Q���� X ����, ���� + �o�u�O�Ӥ����F - �A�u��ΤQ�@�ӡC + + <p>�����@�� console ��²�檺��k�N�O�⥦�����C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�A���W���� + ���@�˳]�w�F������ 12 �� terminal �åB�Q�n���� X , �A���ݧ� virtual + terminal 12 �q : + + <verb> + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + </verb> + + <p>�]�� : + + <verb> + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�A����L�u�� 10 �ӥ\���䪺��, �A�N�n�令�o�� : + + <verb> + ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + </verb> + + <p>(�A�]�i�H������o�X��屼�C) + + <p>�@���A��F <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> , + �U�@�ӨB�J�N�O�n�T�w�A�������� virtual terminal �˸m�C��²�檺��k�N�O : + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV vty12 # For 12 devices + </verb> + + <p>�A�L��, �Q�n�Ұʳo�� virtual console ��²�� (�]�O�̰��b) �����k�N�O + ���}���C�M��, �p�G�A���Q���}������, �A�i�H�� X Window ����, �M��� + <tt/root/ ����������U�C���O : + + <verb> + kill -HUP 1 + </verb> + + <p>���A����o�өR�O�e, �A�@�w�n������ X Window �����C�p�G�A���o�� + ��, �A���t�Υi��|�b�A���� kill �R�O��X�{�������ꦺ�����p�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn���q X ������ virtual console ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�ù��W���b��� X Window ����, �A�i�H�� Ctrl-Alt-F1 ������Ӥ� + ���� virtual console �C�`�N, �@���A�q X Window ��������@�� virtual + console ����, �A�N�i�H�u�� Alt- �\����Ӥ������L virtual terminal �� + �O���^ X Window �C�A�����P�ɫ��� Ctrl ��C�p�G�b����ª��������A�� + Ctrl ��Ӥ��^ X Window ����, �A�|�o�{�A����r�ù��Q�d�b "control-lock" + �Ҧ��U�C�A�u�ݭn�A���@��������N�i�H��_�쪬�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��~��b�}���ɱҰ� XDM ?</heading> + + <p>����ؤ�k�i�H�Ұ� <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xdm" + name="xdm"> �C�@�ؤ�k�O�q + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> �ӱҰ�, �i�H�Ѧ� man page �����d�� ; �t�@�ؤ�k�O�b + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="rc.local"> + ���� xdm , �άO�b <tt>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt> ��@�� <tt/X.sh/ �C�o�� + �ؤ�k���O�X�k��, �p�G�A�լY�@�ؤ�k�L�Ī���, �A�i�H�ոեt�~�@�ءC�o�� + �ؤ�k�����G�O�@�˪� : X �|��ܤ@�ӹϧΤƪ� login: ���ܡC + + <p>�� ttys ����k���u�I�b���F X �b�ҰʥH�Φb logout �᭫�s�Ұʮ�, + �쩳 X �Ϊ��O���� vty �C�� rc.local ����k�h�O�b���Ұ� X �X�F���D��, �A + �i�H�� xdm �����ӸѨM�C + + <p>�p�G�O�� rc.local ����k����, �b���� <tt/xdm/ �ɧA����[����Ѽ� ( + �]�N�O�]�� daemon) �C + + <p>�e�@���� FAQ ���A������A�Q�� X �ϥΪ� <tt/vt/ �[�� + <tt>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</tt> �ɸ̥h�C�o�O�����n�� : X �|�� + �ʨϥβĤ@�ӧ�쪺�i�� <tt/vt/ �C + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڰ��� xconsole ��, �o�ͤF "Couldn't open console" �����~</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�O�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=startx" + name="startx"> �ӱҰ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=X" + name="X"> ����, /dev/console ���v���ä��|����, ���G�N�O <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xterm" + name="xterm -C"> �M <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xconsole" + name="xconsole"> �o�����{���L�k���`����C + + <p>�o�@�������D, ���O�]�� console ���v���O�ĥΨt�ιw�]�ȡC�b�@�Ӧh�ϥ� + �̪��t�θ�, �ڭ̤��Ʊ�C�ӨϥΪ̳��i�H�����g�J�t�� console �C�p�G�O�� + �Ϊ̬O�q������ VTY ���� login ����, ���� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab" name="fbtab"> + �i�H�ѨM�o�������D�C + + <p>²��a��, �нT�O + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab(5)" + name="/etc/fbtab"> �o���ɮפ����o�@��S���Q���ѱ� : + + <verb> + /dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console + </verb> + + �o�@��]�w���s�b�i�H�T�O�q <tt>/dev/ttyv0</tt> �n�J���ϥΪ̥i�H���� + console �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ� PS/2 �ƹ��b X �����I�����`</heading> + + <p>�A���ƹ��M�A���ƹ��X�ʵ{���i��s�b�����P�B���{�H�C + + <p>�b 2.2.5 �H�Χ��t�θ�, �q X ���� virtual terminal �M��A���^�� + �N�i�H�ϥ��̭��s���P�B���ʧ@�C�p�G�o�Ӱ��D�`�`�o�ͪ���, �A�i�H�b�A�� + �֤߳]�w�ɤ��[�J�U���o�ӿﶵ�M�᭫�s�sĶ : + + <verb> + options PSM_CHECKSYNC + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�A�S���إ֤߮ߪ��g��, �Ь� + <ref id="make-kernel" name="�إ֤߮�"> �o�@�`�C + + <p>�[�W�o�ӿﶵ�H��, �ƹ��M�ƹ��X�ʵ{�������P�B���D���ӴN������|�X�{ + �F�C�p�G�o�Ӱ��D���M�s�b����, �b���ʷƹ��ɫ����ƹ�����i�H�Ϸƹ��M�� + ���X�ʵ{�����s���P�B���ʧ@�C + + <p>�Ӫ`�N���O�o�ӿﶵ�ä��O��C�@�Өt�γ�����, ���i��|�����b PS/2 �� + ����m�� ALPS GlidePoint �˸m���h "tap" �o���\��C + + <p>�b 2.2.6 �Ψ�᪺����, �P�B���T�{�w�g���F���n���ѨM��k, �ӥB�o�dz� + �w�g�O PS/2 �ƹ��X�ʵ{�����зǤF�C�o�Ӥ�k�]�i�H�b GlidePoint �W���`�u + �@�C (�]���T�{���{���X�w�g�����@�Ӽзǥ\��, �ҥH�b�o�Ǫ������ڭ̤��b�� + �� PSM_CHECKSYNC ���ﶵ�F�C) ���L�b���ּƪ��רҤ�, �o���X�ʵ{���|�~�� + �P�B�ʿ��~, �M��A�N�|�ݨ�o�˪��֤߰T�� : + + <verb> + psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy) + </verb> + + �M��A�N�|�o�{�A���ƹ����ॿ�`�B�@�F�C + + <p>�p�G�A�o�ͤF�o�˪����p, �A�����ǥѧ� PS/2 �ƹ��X�ʵ{���� flag �]�� + 0x100 �ӧ�P�B�T�{���{���X���������C�M��b�}�����ܲŸ��ɥ� + "<tt>-c</tt>" �ﶵ�Ӷi�J <em>UserConfig</em> : + + <verb> + boot: -c + </verb> + + �M��, �b <em>UserConfig</em> ���R�O�C����J : + + <verb> + UserConfig> flags psm0 0x100 + UserConfig> quit + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ� PS/2 �ƹ�����z�L MouseSystem �ӹB�@</heading> + + <p>���@�dz��i���X�Y�Ǽt�P�� PS/2 �ƹ��u��b "���ѪR��" ���A�U�~��B�@ + �C�p�G���O����, �ƹ���з|�`�`�]��ù������W���h�C + + <p>�D�`������, �o�Ӱ��D�b 2.0.X �M 2.1.X �U�O�L�Ѫ��C�b 2.2 �� 2.2.5 + ��, �A�i�H�� <tt>/sys/i386/isa/psm.c</tt> �ϥΤU�C patch �M�᭫�اA�� + �֤ߡC�p�G�A�S���إ֤߮ߪ��g��, �Ь� + <ref id="make-kernel" name="building a kernel"> �o�`�C + + <verb> +diff -u psm.c.orig psm.c +@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@ + if (verbose >= 2) + log(LOG_DEBUG, "psm%d: SET_DEFAULTS return code:%04x\n", + unit, i); ++ set_mouse_resolution(sc->kbdc, PSMD_RES_HIGH); ++ + #if 0 + set_mouse_scaling(sc->kbdc); /* 1:1 scaling */ + set_mouse_mode(sc->kbdc); /* stream mode */ + </verb> + + <p>�b 2.2.6 �ΥH�᪺����, �b PS/2 �ƹ��X�ʵ{�����]�w 0x04 �� flag �| + ��ƹ��]�����ѪR�Ҧ��C�b�}�����ܲŸ��ɥ� "<tt>-c</tt>" �ﶵ�Ӷi�J + <em>UserConfig</em> : + + <verb> + boot: -c + </verb> + + �M��, �b <em>UserConfig</em> ���R�O�C����J : + + <verb> + UserConfig> flags psm0 0x04 + UserConfig> quit + </verb> + + <p>�e�@�`������t�@�ӥi��ɭP�ƹ����D����]�C + + <sect1> + <heading>���ګإ� X �{����, <tt/imake/ �����䤣�� <tt/Imake.tmpl/ �C���b�� ? + </heading> + + <p>Imake.tmpl �O Imake �M�@����, Imake �O�зǪ��إ� X �{�����u��C + Imake.tmpl �M��L�ƭ� header file �@�ˬO�إ� X �{�������n�ɮ�, �A�i�H�b + X prog distribution ����쥦�̡C�A�i�H�� sysinstall �Ӧw�˩άO�����q + X distribution ����ʦw�ˡC + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��~��]�w���J�l�Ϊ��ƹ� ? + </heading> + + <p>�b�A�� .xinitrc �άO .xsession ������ + <tt/ xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"/ �����O�C + </p> + </sect1> + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5ef21aee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/FAQ.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<!-- $Id: FAQ.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by --> +<!-- English Version: 1.101 --> + +<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN" [ +<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "includes.sgml"> %includes; +<!ENTITY preface SYSTEM "preface.sgml"> +<!ENTITY install SYSTEM "install.sgml"> +<!ENTITY hardware SYSTEM "hardware.sgml"> +<!ENTITY troubleshoot SYSTEM "troubleshoot.sgml"> +<!ENTITY commercial SYSTEM "commercial.sgml"> +<!ENTITY applications SYSTEM "applications.sgml"> +<!ENTITY kernelconfig SYSTEM "kernelconfig.sgml"> +<!ENTITY admin SYSTEM "admin.sgml"> +<!ENTITY x SYSTEM "x.sgml"> +<!ENTITY network SYSTEM "network.sgml"> +<!ENTITY serial SYSTEM "serial.sgml"> +<!ENTITY misc SYSTEM "misc.sgml"> +<!ENTITY hackers SYSTEM "hackers.sgml"> +<!ENTITY acknowledgments SYSTEM "acknowledgments.sgml"> +]> + +<article> + + <title>Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.X</title> + <author> + <name>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</name> + </author> + + <date>$Date: 1999-01-30 23:20:34 $</date> + + <abstract> + This is the FAQ for FreeBSD systems version 2.X All entries are + assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0.5 and later, unless otherwise noted. + Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. + If you are interested in helping with this project, send + email to the the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list <htmlurl + url="mailto:freebsd-doc@freebsd.org" name="<freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG>">. + The latest version of this document is always available from the <url + url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/" name="FreeBSD World Wide Web server">. + It may also be downloaded in <url url="FAQ.latin1" name="plain text">, + <url url="FAQ.ps" name="postscript">, + <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/docs/FAQ.pdf" name="PDF"> + or <url url="FAQ-html.tar.gz" + name="HTML"> with HTTP or gzip'd from the <url + url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/docs" name="FreeBSD FTP server">. + You may also want to <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/search/search.html" name="Search the FAQ">. + + </abstract> + + <toc> + +&preface; +&install; +&hardware; +&troubleshoot; +&commercial; +&applications; +&kernelconfig; +&admin; +&x; +&network; +&serial; +&misc; +&hackers; +&acknowledgments; + +</article> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4df134966d --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ + +.NOTPARALLEL: + +SGMLOPTS=-links -e big5 +DOC= FAQ +SRCS= FAQ.sgml acknowledgments.sgml admin.sgml applications.sgml +SRCS+= commercial.sgml hackers.sgml hardware.sgml install.sgml +SRCS+= kernelconfig.sgml misc.sgml network.sgml preface.sgml +SRCS+= serial.sgml troubleshoot.sgml x.sgml + +.include <bsd.sgml.mk> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..377c4c3f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/acknowledgments.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +<!-- $Id: acknowledgments.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.1 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�P��<label id="acknowledgments"></heading> + + <p> + <verb> + ���p�z�b�o�� FAQ �������~���a��, �άO�z�Q�W�[�Ǭƻ�, + �мg�ʫH�� <FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. �ڭ̫D�`�P�±z����ij, + �]���z����ij���o������ܱo��n! + + + FreeBSD Core Team + </verb> + + <descrip> + <tag/Jordan Hubbard/ + ��������s�L�ɪ� FAQ. + + <tag/Doug White/ + �g�`�b freebsd-questions �W�^�����D + + <tag/Joerg Wunsch/ + �g�`�b Usenet �W�^�����D + + <tag/Garrett Wollman/ + Networking and formatting + + <tag/Jim Lowe/ + Multicast information + + <tag/Peter da Silva/ + FreeBSD FAQ �o������r�W�u + + <tag/The FreeBSD Team/ + Kvetching, moaning, submitting data + </descrip> + + <p>��Ǵ��g��o�� FAQ �������U, �ӧڭ̨S���쪺�H��, �ڭ̥ѰJ���P�±z! + </sect> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e13f733bca --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/admin.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,810 @@ +<!-- $Id: admin.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.12 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�t�κz<label id="admin"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�t�ΰ_�l�]�w�ɦb���H</heading> + + <p>�q 2.0.5R �� 2.2.1R�A�D�n���]�w�ɬO <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>�C + �Ҧ����ﶵ���Q�w�q�b�o���ɡA�Ө�L�� <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="/etc/rc"> + �M <tt>/etc/netstart</tt> �u�O�ޥΥ��C + + <p>�[�� <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> �o���ɨíץ���ȥH�A�X�A���t�ΡC + �o���ɥε��ѶH���ܦ�B�ө�m����]�w�C + + <p>�b 2.2.1 �M 3.0 �H��A<tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> ��W���@�ӧ�e + ���y�z���ɦW�s <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" name="rc.conf"> + �A�åB�y�k�i�Ʀ��u�Ѥ@�Ӧ줸�C<tt>/etc/netstart</tt> ���W�� + <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> �]���Ҧ����ɮ׳��i�H�� <tt><htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cp" name="cp"> /usr/src/etc/rc* + /etc</tt> �ӫ����C + + <p><tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> �X�{�åi�H�ΨӱҰ��B�~�����a�A�ȹ��O + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^inn" name="INN"> + �άY�ǭӤH�ﶵ�C + + <p><tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> �ΨӪ�l�ƧǦC��(���O����𪺯S�ʵ��^�C + + <p><tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt> �O Intel �S�����]�w�A���O iBCS2 �����άO PC + �t�ΥD���x�]�w�C + + <p>�� 2.1.0R �}�l�A�A�]�i�H�b <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (�� + <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>) �̫��w�ؿ��֦�"���a"�_�l�ɡG + + <verb> + # Location of local startup files. + local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d + </verb> + + <p>�C�ӥH <tt/.sh/ �������ɱN�H�r�����dzQ����C + + <p>���p�A�Q�T�O�Y�Ӱ��涶�ǤS���Q��Ҧ����ɦW�A�A�i�H�ϥΤ@��²�� + ���[�c�p�U�A�Q�Ψƥ��w�ƨ�C���ɦW�e���Ʀr�ӽT�O���ǡG + + <verb> + 10news.sh + 15httpd.sh + 20ssh.sh + </verb> + + <p>�o�i��ݰ_�Ӧ��I��(������ SysV :-)) ���O�����Ѥ@��²��ӳW�ߪ� + �[�c�����a�[�J���M���s�� <tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> �N�୫�s�� + �ǡC�\�h�� ports/packages ���] <tt>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt> �O + ���a�_�l���ؿ��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӦp��²��a�[�J�ϥΪ̡S</heading> + + <p>�ϥ� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?adduser" + name="adduser"> ���O�C + + <p>�t�~�]���ӮM��s ``<tt/new-account/'' �� Ollivier Robert �H + Perl �g�X�C�i�V <tt><roberto@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> �߰ݥ��C + �ثe���b�o�i���q�C + + <p>�n�A�������ϥΪ̡A�ϥ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser" name="rmuser"> ���O�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ���s�w�Х[�J FreeBSD �t�Τ��S</heading> + + <p>��� <url url="../tutorials/diskformat/" name="www.freebsd.org"> + ���ϺЮ榡�ƫ��ɤ��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڦ��@�ӷs���i�����˸m�A�ڸӫ��ϥΡS</heading> + + <p>�i�����˸m�L�O ZIP �� EZ(�άƦܬO�n�о��A�p�G�A�n�o�˨ϥ� + ��)�A�άO�@�ӷs���w�СA�u�n�O�w�˨åѨt�έ��աA�ӧA���Ϥ��X + /�n�Ф�/�Ψ�L�F��i�H���J�A���o�Ǹ˸m���G���O�����\��F + ��C + + <p><label id="disklabel">(���`�D�n�� <url + url="http://www.vmunix.com/mark/FreeBSD/ZIP-FAQ.html" + name="Mark Mayo's ZIP FAQ"> �ޤJ) + + <p>���p�O ZIP �γn�о��A�A�w�g�b�W���� DOS �ɮרt�ΡA�i�H�ϥ� + ���o�˪��R�O�G + + <verb> + mount -t msdos /dev/fd0c /floppy + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�u�O�n�о��A���N�o�ˡG + + <verb> + mount -t msdos /dev/sd2s4 /zip + </verb> + + <p>�� ZIP �Ϥ��ӻ��O�ϥΥX�t�w�]�ȡC + + <p>��L�Ϥ��A�� <tt/fdisk/ �� <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> ��� + �p��t�m�C + + <p>���U�ӳo�ӽd�ҬO ZIP �˦b sd2�A�ĤT�� SCSI �ϺСC + + <p>�����n�о��A�Τ@�ӧA�p�e���L�H���ɨϥΪ��i�����˸m�A�� + BSD �ɮרt�γe�復�i��O�@�Ӥ���n���D�N�C�A�N�֦����ɦW�䴩 + �A�ܤ֨⭿�H�W���IJv�W�i�A��í�w�סC�����A�A�ݭn���s�s�@ + DOS �h�����ΰ�/�ɮרt�ΡC�A�i�H�ϥ� <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk" name="fdisk"> �� + <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt>�A�ι�@�ӧA���Q�䴩�h���@�~�t�Ϊ� + �p�ϺСA�u�n�⥦��������� FAT ���Ϊ�(slices)�åΥH�U BSD �� + �Ϊk�G + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd2 count=2 + disklabel -Brw sd2 auto + </verb> + + <p>�A�i�H�ϥ� disklabel �� <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> �h�إߦh�� + BSD ���ΰϡC�L�ê��p�G�A���b�w�о��W�W�[�m���Ŷ�(swap space)�� + �A�N�ݭn�o�A���O�b�i�����˸m�p ZIP �W�o�O�L�N�q���C + + <p>�̫�A�إߤ@�ӷs���ɮרt�ΡC�b ZIP �˸m�W�O�ϥξ�ӺϺСG + + <verb> + newfs /dev/rsd2c + </verb> + + <p>�åB�⥦���W(mount)�G + + <verb> + mount /dev/sd2c /zip + </verb> + + <p>�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fstab" + name="/etc/fstab"> �[�W�U���o�@��i��O�@�Ӧn�D�N�A�A�H��N�u + �n��"mount /zip" : + + <verb> + /dev/sd2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ�W���n�� DOS ���ΰϡS</heading> + + <p>���n DOS ���ΰϬO�b�Ҧ��D�n���ΰϤ���Q���A�|�ҡA�p�G�A���@�� + "E" ���ΰϦb�ĤG�� SCSI �˸m���ĤG�� DOS ���ΰϡA�A�ݭn�b /dev �U + �إ� "slice 5" ���S���ɮסA�M�᱾�W /dev/sd1s5�G + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV sd1s5 + # mount -t msdos /dev/sd1s5 /dos/e + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b FreeBSD �U���W��L������ɮרt�ζܡS</heading> + + <p><bf/ Digital UNIX/ UFS ���о��i�H�������b FreeBSD �W�C�q Digital + UNIX �M��L�䴩 UFS �榡���t�α��W�ϺФ��ΰ����ӧ�����A�D�n�Ӹ` + �O�̿�@�~�t�Ϊ��ϺФ��Ϊk�C + + <p><bf/ Linux/: 2.2 �ΥH�᪺�����䴩 <bf/ext2fs/ ���ΰϡA�Ьd�\ + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount_ext2fs" + name="mount_ext2fs"> ����h��T�C + + <p>���ѥ���o�ӥD�D����L��T�N�Q�����C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӦp��ϥ� NT loader �ӱҰ� FreeBSD�S</heading> + + <p>�̴��M���Q�k�O��A�� native FreeBSD root ���ΰ� + ���Ĥ@�Ӻϰϫ����� DOS/NT ���ΰϸ̪��@���ɮפ��C���] + �A�R�W���G<tt>c:\bootsect.bsd</tt> + (�� <tt>c:\bootsect.dos</tt> �·N�Ө�)�A���ۧA�i�H�s�� + <tt>c:\boot.ini</tt> �ɮפ��e�p�U�G + + <verb> + [boot loader] + timeout=30 + default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS + [operating systems] + multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT" + C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD" + C:\="DOS" + </verb> + + <p>���{�ǰ��] DOS�ANT�AFreeBSD�A�Ψ�L�@�~�t�Τw�g�Q�w�˦b + <bf/�P�@��/ �ϺЪ��U�ۤ��ΰϡC���Ҥ��ڪ� DOS & NT �O�b�Ĥ@ + �Ӥ��ΰϦ� FreeBSD �b�ĤG�ӡC�ڤ]�� FreeBSD �w�˦��� native + partition �ҰʡA<bf/�Ӥ��O/ �q�ϺЪ� MBR�C + + <p>���W�@�� DOS �榡�ƪ��n�С]���p�A�w�g�ഫ�� NTFS�^�� FAT ���ΰ� + �� <tt>/mnt</tt>�G + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/rsd0a of=/mnt/bootsect.bsd bs=512 count=1 + </verb> + + <p>���s�}���i�J DOS �� NT�CNTFS �ϥΪ̧� <tt/bootsect.bsd/ �H��/�� + <tt/bootsect.lnx/ �q�n�Ы����� <tt/C:\/�C�ק� <tt/boot.ini/ + ���ݩ�(�s���\�i)�G + + <verb> + attrib -s -r c:\boot.ini + </verb> + + <p>�s��ñq <tt/boot.ini/ ���d�ҤW�[�J�����A�������ءA�A���ݩʦ^�_ + �G + + <verb> + attrib -r -s c:\boot.ini + </verb> + + <p>�p�G FreeBSD �O�� MBR �ҰʡA�b�A���s�]�w�q���ӭ�ͤ��ΰϱҰʫ� + �� DOS ���� ``<tt/fdisk/'' �R�O�^�_���G + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڸӫ��� LILO �Ұ� FreeBSD �M Linux�S + </heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�b�P�@�ӺϺо��̦� FreeBSD �M Linux�A�u�n���H LILO ���w + �˫��O�A�q�@�ӫD Linux �@�~�t�αҰʡC²�������p�U�G + + <p>�Ұ� Linux�A�æb <tt>/etc/lilo.conf</tt> ���[�J�H�U�X��G + <verb> + other=/dev/hda2 + table=/dev/hda + label=FreeBSD + </verb> + �]�W���O���]�A�� FreeBSD slice �b Linux �O <tt>/dev/hda2</tt>�F�� + �t�X�ۤv���]�w�^�C�M��A�� root ���� <tt>lilo</tt> ���ӴN�����F�C + + <p>���p FreeBSD �b�t�~�@�ӺϺСA�A�����b LILO �ﶵ���[�J + ``<tt>loader=/boot/chain.b</tt>''�A�|�ҡG + <verb> + other=/dev/sdb4 + table=/dev/sdb + loader=/boot/chain.b + label=FreeBSD + </verb> + + <p>�Y�DZ��ΧA�������w BIOS �ϺХN���� FreeBSD �Ұʸ��J�{���H��q�� + �G�ϺЦ��\���ҰʡC�|�ҡA���p�A�� FreeBSD SCSI �ϺЦb BIOS ������ + �O BIOS disk 1�A���b FreeBSD �Ұʸ��J�{�������ܸ��X�{�ɧA������ + �w�G + <verb> + Boot: 1:sd(0,a)/kernel + </verb> + + <p>�b FreeBSD 2.2.5 �M���᪺�����A�A�i�H�]�w <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?boot(8)" name="boot(8)"> + �o�˨C���ҰʮɴN�|�۰����A����C + + <p><htmlurl url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html" + name="Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO"> �O FreeBSD �M Linux �@�ξާ@���}�n + �ѦҤ��C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ګ��ϥ� BootEasy �ӱҰ� FreeBSD �M Linux�S + </heading> + + <p>�b�A�� Linux �Ұʤ��ΰϦw�� LILO ���N�D�n�Ұʸ��(Master Boot + Record)�C���ۧA�i�H�q BootEasy �Ұ� LILO�C + + <p>���p�A���b���� Windows-95 �M Linux�A�o�O�@�ӫ�ij��k�G�n��²�檺 + �q Linux �A���Ұʦb��A�O�_���ӭ��s�w�� Windows95�]�o�O�@�ӵ��� + ���@�~�t�ΡA������������L�@�~�t�Φs�b��D�n�ҰʰO�����^�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �@�өҿ�``�M�I�^�m''���ϺЦ��`�ܡS + </heading> + + <p><label id="dedicate">�w�˵{�Ǥ��\�A��ܨ�ؤ��P����k�Ӥ��ΧA�� + �Ϻо��C���w��k�O�b�P�@�x�����W�M��L�@�~�t�Υi�H�ۮe�A���O + �ϥ� fdisk table entries(FreeBSD �̺٤���``slices'')�AFreeBSD + �� slice �N�O�ϥξ�Ӧۤv�����ΰϡC�i�ѿ�ܪ��O�A�A�i�H��ܦw�� + �Ұʿ�ܾ�(boot-selector) �b�Ϻо����ƭӥi��@�~�t�ΤW�Ӧ^�����C + + <p>�{�b�A�o�O�Y�DZ`�����ΡA�H�̥u�� PC ���ϥέI���C��h���Ӵ��ϥ� + Unix �S�Q������]�w�u���� FreeBSD ���H�A�j�h�|�ζDz� Unix ���� + �k���@�ӧ@�~�t�Φ��ھ�ӺϺСA�q�̶}�Y���Ĥ@�ӺϰϨ�̫�@�ӡC + �@�ӯu�ꪺ fdisk table �æb�o�ӱ��Τ��èS�����\�ΡA�����W�@�� + 24 �p�ɡA�C�g�C�ѵL�ɤ���a���b���� FreeBSD�A�ƦܨS���Ұʨ�L�@ + �~�t�ΡC�]���A�p�G�A�b sysinstall �� fdsik �s�边�̿�� + ``A)ll FreeBSD''�A�å� ``No'' �^���U�@�Ӱ��D�A�A�N�O�b�o�ؼҦ��� + �C�ȱo�`�N���O�o�N�� BSD bootstrap �]�ѳo�x�Ϻо��� MBR �Ҳ��͡A + �]���S���d�U�Ŷ�����L���O�Ұʺz�����{���C���n�յۥh�w�˥��A�� + �M�A�|�� BSD bootsrtap ���a�F�C + + <p>�]������s��``�M�I��''�S�@�ӳB��o�ؼҦ����Ϻо����]�t�N�Q�� + �` PC ���ε{���������Ī� fdisk table�C�̴`���̳Q�]�p���Ҧ��A�u + �n���̦b�o�ˤ@�ӺϺо����@���QIJ�Υi��N�|���Ϳ��~�����ܡA�Χ� + �V�|���A�i�ॼ�g���ܩγq���A�N�� FreeBSD bootstrap ���a�C�@�Ǧb + PC �W�s�x�ϥΪ��@�~�t�δN���o�� ``�ϥΪ̤��͵���'' ���s�b(���M + �A���̺٤���``�ϥΪ̪��͵���'')�C�ܤ֤w���b HP Netservers �W�� + Award BIOS(���ä��O�ߤ@���S��)�N�O�|�������{���S������ + fdisk �C�����w�СC�o�ɭP���ҰʮɡA²���������L�o�ˤ@�ӺϺи˸m�A + ������n�о��A�M��u�O��A�R��``Ū�����~''���T���C�����H�L�H�` + ��a�S�γ\�L�̤]�s�o��``�ϥΪ̤͵���''�A�֪��D�S + + <p>�o�ؼҦ����n�B�O�GFreeBSD �֦���ӺϺСA���ݭn�]�� 1980 �~�N + ²�������μҦ��j���@�ǤH�y�Ӳ{�b�ݰ_�ӵL�N�q������b�o�Ǥ��θ� + ���Q�����A���O�n�X�ӵ�����``�ϭy''�C�o�ǭ���ɱ`�ɭP�i���ܦ� + PC �� OS �w�˹L�{���̤j���Y�h�A�X��ǿ��~���f�t�o��Ӯt������ + ���G�A�O�b fdisk �C�����x�s���θ�T�ɹL�Ѫ���k�C�Ьd�\ + <ref id="missing_os" name="Missing Operating System">�C + �b``�����^�m''���Ҧ��U�ABSD bootstrap �q�ϰ� 0 �}�l�A�o�O�ߤ@ + ���ഫ�P�@�� C/H/S �Ȫ��ϰϡA���ާA�� BIOS �p��``�ഫ''�A���� + �СC�]���A�A�]�i�H�b�t��/��������H�@�ؤ��P���ഫ�[�c�m���� + �СA�Ӥ����Ӿᥢ�ѫ�Ϻо��A�]���|�Ұʪ����I�C + + <p>�n��``�M�I�^�m''���ϺЦ^�_�쥿�` PC �ϥΡA�W����ӿ�ܡC + �Ĥ@�ӬO�A�⨬���� NULL �줸�ռg�J MBR �T�O�����H�᪺�w�˵{ + ���۫H�o�u�O�@�Ӫťժ��ϺСC�|�Ҩӻ��A�i�H�o�˰��G + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rsd0 count=15 + </verb> + + <p>�άO�ĥΥt�~�@�ӡA�D������ DOS ``�S��''�G + + <verb> + fdisk /mbr + </verb> + + <p>�o�N�|�w�ˤ@�ӥ��s���D�n�ҰʰO���A�]���|�}�a BSD bootstrap�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڦp���[�J��h���m���Ŷ��S</heading> + + <p>�̦n����k�O�W�[�A�m�����ΰϪ��j�p�A�ΧQ�γo�Ӥ�K�z�Ѫ��n�B�h + �W�[�t�@�ӵw�СC + + <p>�b�������ϺФW�W�[�m���Ŷ��|���¦a�b�P�@�ӺϺХ[�J�m���Ŷ� + ���IJv�Ӫ��֤@�I�C�|�@�ӨҤl�ӻ��A�p�G�A���b�@�ӺϺи̽sĶ�� + ���{���A�Ӹm���Ŷ��b�t�@�ӺϺСA�o�|��m���Ŷ���sĶ�{�����b + �P�@�ӺϺЮɨӱo�֡C�o�� SCSI �Ϻо��S�O���T�C + + <p>IDE �ϺШä����\�P�ɦb�P�@�q�D�z�s����Ӹ˸m�]FreeBSD ���䴩 + mode 4�A�]���Ҧ��� IDE �Ϻ� I/O �O``�i�{���ƪ�''�^�C�M�ӧڤ� + �|��ij�A��m���Ŷ���b���O���ϺСC�Ϻо��o��K�y�A��b�S���� + �n��ߪ��C + + <p>��A���m���ɩ�b NFS ��b�O�@�ӫ��ꪺ�D�N�A���D�A���b�@�ӫD�` + �ֳt���������ҤU����A�٭n���@�ӫܦn�����A���C + + <p>�o�̦��ӽd�ҬO�� 64MB vn-swap (<tt>/usr/swap0</tt>�A���M�A��� + ����A�Q�Ϊ��W�r�^�C + + <p>�T�w�A���֤ߵ{���إ߮ɦ��]�t�H�U�o��G + + <verb> + pseudo-device vn 1 #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) + </verb> + + <p>�b�A���]�w�ɤ��CGENERIC �o�Ӯ֤ߤw�g�]�t�o���F�C + + <enum> + <item>�إߤ@�� vn-device + + <verb> + cd /dev + sh ./MAKEDEV vn0 + </verb> + + <item>�إߤ@�Ӹm���� (<tt>/usr/swap0</tt>) + + <verb> + dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64 + </verb> + + <item>�b <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> ���Ұʸm���� + + <verb> + swapfile="/usr/swap0" # Set to name of swapfile if aux swapfile desired. + </verb> + + <item>���s�}���C + </enum> + + <p>�n���W�Ұʸm���ɡA��J�G + + <verb> + vnconfig -ce /dev/vn0c /usr/swap0 swap + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڤ��|�]�w�ڪ��L�����C</heading> + + <p>�аѾ\ Handbook �̦����C�L�������C�o���ӯ�ѨM�A�j���������D�A�Ь� + <url url="../handbook/printing.html" name="Handbook entry on printing."> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڨt�ΤW����L�t�m���F�C</heading> + + <p>kbdcontrol �{�����@�ӿﶵ�i�HŪ����L�t�m�ɮסC�b + <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> ���@�ǰt�m�ɡC��ܤ@�Ӹ�A�� + ��������Ū�����C + + <verb> + kbdcontrol -l uk.iso + </verb> + + <p> <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> �M <tt/.kbd/ ���i����ӳ��� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?kbdcontrol" + name="kbdcontrol"> ���_�w�C + + <p>�i�H�q <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" name="rc.conf">) + �ӳ]�w�A�Ьݦ��ɸ̾A�X�����ѡC + + <p>�b 2.0.5R �Ψ䤧�᪺�����A�Ҧ����r�r���A��L�����������]�w���b + <tt>/usr/share/examples/syscons</tt>�C + + <p>�H�U�O�ثe�䴩�������]�w�G + + <itemize> + <!-- generate by `kbdmap -p' --> + <item>Belgian ISO-8859-1 + <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard Codepage 850 + <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard ISO-8859-1 + <item>Danish Codepage 865 + <item>Danish ISO-8859-1 + <item>French ISO-8859-1 + <item>German Codepage 850 + <item>German ISO-8859-1 + <item>Italian ISO-8859-1 + <item>Japanese 106 + <item>Japanese 106x + <item>Latin American + <item>Norwegian ISO-8859-1 + <item>Polish ISO-8859-2 (programmer's) + <item>Russian Codepage 866 (alternative) + <item>Russian koi8-r (shift) + <item>Russian koi8-r + <item>Spanish ISO-8859-1 + <item>Swedish Codepage 850 + <item>Swedish ISO-8859-1 + <item>Swiss-German ISO-8859-1 + <item>United Kingdom Codepage 850 + <item>United Kingdom ISO-8859-1 + <item>United States of America ISO-8859-1 + <item>United States of America dvorak + <item>United States of America dvorakx + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڵL�k�� user quotas ���`�u�@�C</heading> + + <p> + <enum> + <item>���n�b '/' ���} quotas�A + + <item>�� quotas �ɩ�b�������j���m�J���ɮרt�Τ��A�|�ҡG + + <verb> + FS QUOTA FILE + /usr /usr/admin/quotas + /home /home/admin/quotas + ... + </verb> + </enum> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ� ccd �����S</heading> + + <p>�o�ر��Ϊ��x���O�G + + <verb> + # ccdconfig -C + ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format + # + </verb> + + <p>�q�`�o�|�o�ͦb�A���խn�s�� `c' ���ΰϡA�o���w�����O�O ``�L�k�ϥΪ�'' + �Cccd �Ϻлݭn����¦���ΰϫ��O�� FS_BSDFFS�A�s��A�n�յ۳s�����Ϻ� + �аO�ç����ΰϪ����O��`4.2BSD'�C + + <sect1> + <heading>����ڤ���s��� ccd ���ϺмаO�S</heading> + + <p>�o�ر��Ϊ��x���O�G + + <verb> + # disklabel ccd0 + (�o�̦L�X�Y�ǩ��㪺��ơA�ҥH�յ۽s�襦�^ + # disklabel -e ccd0 + (�s��A�x�s�A�M�����}) + disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk; + use "disklabel -r" to install initial label + # + </verb> + + <p>�o�O�]���� ccd �Ǧ^���ϺмаO�ƹ�W�O�@��``����''�ӨS���u���b�Ϻ� + �W�C�A�i�H�⥦�����g�J�ӸѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A���o�ˡG + + <verb> + # disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp + # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp + # disklabel -e ccd0 + (this will work now) + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 System V IPC �榡���O���H</heading> + + <p>�O���AFreeBSD �䴩 System V-�榡 IPC�C�o�]�A�@�ɰO����A�T���� + �H���C�A�ݭn�b�A���֤߳]�w�ɤ��[�J�U�C�X��H�Ұʥ��̡C + + <verb> + options SYSVSHM + options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory + options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores + options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging + </verb> + + <p>���s�sĶ�æw�ˡC + + <p><bf/�`�N�G/ �p�G�A�n���� GIMP �A�i��ݭn�W�[ SHMMAXPKGS ��Y�ǯ� + �ժ��ƥع��O 4096(16M!)�A256Kb �� X11R6 �@�ɰO����ӻ��w�g�R���� + ���F�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڸӦp��ϥ� sendmail �z�L UUCP �ӻ��e�l��H<label id="uucpmail"> + </heading> + + <p>���H FreeBSD �M�˦ӨӪ� sendmail �]�w�O�A�X���Ǫ����s�W���ں��� + �������x�C���ǷQ�z�L UUCP �洫���̶l���x�����t�~�w�� sendmil + ���]�w�ɮסC + + <p>��ʭק� <tt>/etc/sendmail.cf</tt> �O���沈�n���C�� 8 ���� + sendmail ���Ѥ@�ӥ��s���J�f�H�z�L�@�ǹ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?m4" name="m4"> ���B�z�N�� + ���ͳ]�w�ɡA�o�ƹ�W�O�@�Ӱ��h�������Ū��ޥ��ʳ]�w�C�A���ӥi�H�b�H + �U�ɮ̨ϥΥ��G + + <verb> + /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf + </verb> + + <p>���p�A���O�Χ��㪺�ӷ��{���w�˨t�ΡA���� sendmail �]�w���إi��w + �g�������n�X�Өӷ������ɦb���ۧA�A���]�A�w�g���W���о��A���H�U�ʧ@�G + + <verb> + cd /usr/src + tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa + </verb> + + <p>�O��W�A�o�u���ƤQ�U�Ӧ줸�ժ��j�p�C�b <tt>cf</tt> �ؿ��̪� + <tt>README</tt> �i�H���Ѥ@�� m4 �]�w�k�����СC + + <p>�H UUCP ���e�ӻ��A��ij�A�̦n�ϥ� <em>mailertable</em> �S�I�C + �غc�@�Ӹ�Ʈw�� sendmail �i�H�ϥΥ��ۤv�����|�M���C + + <p>�����A�A�����إߦۤv�� <tt>.mc</tt> �ɡC + <tt>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</tt> �ؿ��O�o���ɮת��a�C + �����A�w�g���n�X�ӽd���ɡA���]�A�w�g�R�W�ۤv���ɥs + <tt>foo.mc</tt>�A�A�n�����u�O�⥦�ഫ���@�Ӧ��Ī� + <tt>sendmail.cf</tt> �G + + <verb> + cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf + make foo.cf + cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf + </verb> + + <p>�@�Ө嫬�� <tt>.mc</tt> �ɬݰ_�ӥi��o�ˡG + + <verb> + include(`../m4/cf.m4') + VERSIONID(`Your version number') + OSTYPE(bsd4.4) + + FEATURE(nodns) + FEATURE(nocanonify) + FEATURE(mailertable) + + define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay) + define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) + + MAILER(local) + MAILER(smtp) + MAILER(uucp) + + Cw your.alias.host.name + Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP + </verb> + + <p> <em>nodns</em> �M <em>nocanonify</em> �S�ʱN�קK����b���e�l�� + �ɷ|�Ψ� DNS �����|�C<em>UUCP_RELAY</em> ���ت��X�{�z�ѫܩ_�ǡA + �N���n����F�C²�檺��J�@�Ӻ��ں����W�i�H�B�z .UUCP ���������} + ���D���W�١F�q�`�A�A�u�ݭn�b�o�̶�J�A ISP ���H��^�гB + (mail replay)�C + + <p>�A�w�g����o�̤F�A�A�ٻݭn�o�ӥs <tt>/etc/mailertable</tt> ���ɮ� + �C�@�Ө嫬���d�Ҧp�U�G + + <verb> + # + # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable + # + horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus + .interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus + interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus + .heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 + horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus + if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus + . uucp-dom:sax + </verb> + + <p>�p�A�Ҩ��A�o�O�Y�Ӭ��ͥ��ɮ̪��@�����C���T��B�z����w�}�H�� + �����ӳQ�e�X�줺�w���|�A�ӥѬY�� UUCP �F�~(UUCP neighbor)���N�A + �o�O���F``�Y�u''���e�����|�C�U�@��B�z�쥻�a�A�Ӻ������쪺�H�� + �����i�H�ϥ� SMTP�C�̫�AUUCP �F�~���� .UUCP �������쪺�O���A + ���\�@��``uucp-neighbor!recipient''��½���w�W�h�C�̫�@��h�H�@ + �ӳ�W���y�I�������A�H UUCP ���e�촣�ѷ��A���@�ɩʶl��h���� + UUCP �F�~�C�Ҧ��b <tt>uucp-dom:</tt> ����r�̪��`�I�W�٥������O + ���Ī� UUCP �F�~�A�A�i�H�� <tt>uuname</tt> �R�O�h�T�{�C + + <p>�����A�o���ɮצb�ϥΫe�����Q�ഫ�� DBM ��Ʈw�ɮסA�̦n�b + mailertable �̤W���ε��Ѽg�X�R�O�C�ӧ����o�Ӥu�@�C���A�C���A + �� mailertable ��A�`�O�ݭn����o�өR�O�C + + <p>�̫ᴣ�ܡG�p�G�A���T�w�Y�ǯS�w���H����|�i�ΡA�O�o�� <tt>-bt</tt> + �ﶵ�[�� sendmail�C�o�|�N sendmail �Ұʦb <em>address test mode</em> + �F�u�n���U ``0''�A���ۿ�J�A�Ʊ���ժ��H����|��}�C�̫�@��i�D�A�� + �Τ������H��N�z�{���A�N�z�{�����|�q���ت��D���A�H��(�i���ഫ��)��} + �C�n���}���Ҧ��Ы� Control-D�C + + <verb> + j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt + ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) + Enter <ruleset> <address> + > 0 foo@interface-business.de + rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de + ... + rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ + < @ interface-business . de > + > ^D + j@uriah 192% + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ڥμ����s�W�����ɸӫ��]�w�H�e�H<label id="ispmail"> + </heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�w�g���@�өT�w�� IP �Ʀr�A�A���ݭn�վ���w�ȡC�]�n + �A�n���w�������W�١A��L�� sendmail ���|���A�����C + + <p>�p�G�A���쪺�O�ʺA�t�m�� IP �Ʀr�Өϥμ��� <bf/ppp/ �s����� + �ں����A�A�i��w�g�b�A�� ISP �H��D���W���@�ӫH�c�C���]�A�� + ISP ����O <tt/myISP.com/�A�A���ϥΪ̦W�٬O <tt/user/�C�簲 + �]�A�٦ۤv���D���W�٬O <tt/bsd.home/ �ӧA�� ISP �i�D�A�i�H�ϥ� + <tt/relay.myISP.com/ ���@�H��^�гB�C + + <p>���F�q�A���H�c�����H��A�A�N�ݭn�w�˨��H�{���H�K�q�H�c���^�H��C + <bf/Fetchmail/ �O�@�Ӥ�������ܦ]�����䴩�\�h���P���q�T��w�A�q�` + �A�� ISP �|���� POP3�C�p�G�A��ܨϥ� user-ppp�A�A�i�H�b�s�u����� + ���\��۰ʧ���A���H��A�u�n�b <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> �̭� + �]�w�H�U�X���G + + <verb> + MYADDR: + !bg su user -c fetchmail + </verb> + + <p>�ڰ��]�A�b <tt/bsd.home/ �����W���@�� <tt/user/ ���b���C�b + <tt/bsd.home/ �����W <tt/user/ ���a�ؿ��̫إߤ@�� <tt/.fetchmailrc/ + ���ɮסG + + <verb> + poll myISP.com protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret; + </verb> + + <p>�L���ب��A�o���ɰ��F <tt/user/ �~�����ӳQ����HŪ���A�]�����]�t + �F <tt/MySecret/ �o�ӱK�X�C + + <p>���F�b�H�H�ɦ����T�����Y <bf/from:/ �A�A�����i�D sendmail �ϥ� + <tt/user@myISP.com/ �ӫD <tt/user@bsd.home/�C�A�i��|�Ʊ�i�D + sendmail �q <tt/relay.myISP.com/ �e�X�Ҧ��H��A�[�֫H��ǰe�C + + <p>�H�U�� <tt/.mc/ �����ມ���A���n�D�G + + <verb> + VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0') + OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl + FEATURE(nouucp)dnl + MAILER(local)dnl + MAILER(smtp)dnl + Cwlocalhost + Cwbsd.home + MASQUERADE_AS(`myISP.com')dnl + FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl + FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl + FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl + FEATURE(nodns)dnl + define(SMART_HOST, `relay.myISP.com') + Dmbsd.home + define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl + define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�ഫ�o�� <tt/.mc/ �ɮר� <tt/sendmail.cf/ �ɪ��ԲӲӸ`�� + �ѦҤW�@�`�C�t�~�A�b��s sendmail.cf �H�ᤣ�n�ѰO���s�Ұ� + sendmail�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�x�I�ڧѰO root ���K�X�F�I</heading> + + <p>���n��W�I�u�n���s�Ұʨt�ΡA�b boot: ���ܸ��� -s �i�J��ϥΪ̼Ҧ��C + �b�ݭn�ϥέ��� shell �ɡA���U ENTER�C�A�|�ݨ�@�� # �����ܸ��A��J + <tt>mount -u /</tt> �H���s�[�]�A�����ɮרt�Υi��Ū/�g�C���� + <tt/passwd root/ �H�� root �K�X�A�M����� <tt/exit/ �~��ҰʡC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��O�d�� Control-Alt-Delete ���୫�s�Ұʨt�ΡH + </heading> + + <p>�ק�A���b�ϥΪ��D���x��L�����A�åB��Ҧ� <tt/boot/ ������r�� + <tt/nop/ ���N�C���w����L�����O�b + <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/us.iso.kbd</tt>�C�A�i��ݭn���ժ� + �h�J <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> �hŪ���o����L�����H�T�O��ʥͮġC�� + �M�p�G�A���b�ξA�X�A���y����L�����A�A���ӽs�診�@�ӡC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��� DOS ��r�ɮ��s�榡�Ʀ� UNIX ���H</heading> + + <p>²��a�ϥγo�� perl �R�O�G + +<verb> +perl -i.bak -pe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file ... +</verb> + + <p>file �N�O�n�B�z���ɮסC�o�ӭק�O�b���������A��l���ɮ|�x�s�� + ���ɦW�� .bak ���ɮסC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��ΦW�٬屼 process�H</heading> + + <p>�ϥ� <url url="/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/man.cgi?killall" name="killall(1)">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>����b root �� ACL �� su �n�������D�H + </heading> + + <p>�o�ӿ��~�O�]�� Kerberos �����{�Ҩt�ΡC�o�Ӱ��D�ä��O���Y�����O�O�H + ���СC�A�i�H�� -K �ﶵ�h���� su�A�άO���U�Ӱ��D�Ҵy�z������ + Kerberos�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ�� Kerberos�H</handing> + + <p>�n�q�t�θ̲��� Kerberos�A���˧A���b���檺 release ������ bin ���� + �C�p�G�A�� CDROM�A�A�i�H���W cd(���]�b /cdrom)�ð���G + +<verb> +cd /cdrom/bin +./install.sh +</verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��W�[�t�Ϊ������ݾ��H</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A���\�h telnet�Assh�AX �άO screen �ϥΪ̡A�A�γ\�|�Χ����� + �ݾ��A�o��ЧA���[��h�G + + <enum> + <item>�إߨæw�ˤ@�ӷs���֤ߵ{���åB�[�J�o���]�w�ɡG + + <verb> + pseudo-device pty 256 + </verb> + + <item>����o�өR�O�G + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV pty{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} + </verb> + + <p>�|�y�X 256 �ӵ����ݾ����˸m�`�I�C + + <item>�s�� <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> �å[�J�ŦX 256 �Ӳݾ�����ơC������ + �ӲŦX�w�g�s�b�涵���榡�A�|�Ҩӻ��A���̬ݰ_�ӹ��G + + <verb> + ttyqc none network + </verb> + + <p>�r���]�p�����ǬO <tt>tty[pqrsPQRS][0-9a-v]</tt>�A�ϥΥ��W���ܦ��C + + <item>�ηs���֤ߵ{�����s�Ұʹq���N�i�H�F�C + </enum> + + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b4be6dbbd --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/applications.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +<!-- $Id: applications.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by freebsd@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.18 --> + + <sect> + <heading>User Applications<label id="applications"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>��. �ڭn�b�����ڭn���{����?</heading> + + <p>�Ьݬ� <url url="../ports/" name="the ports page"> �a. + �o�䦳���w�g port �� FreeBSD ���n��C��. �ثe���W�L 1800 �ӳn��w�g�Q + port �� FreeBSD �W, �åB�C�ѳ��b�W�[��. �ҥH���ŴN�h�ݬݳo���C��, + ���M�A�]�i�H�q�\ <tt/freebsd-announce/ + <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> �o�� mailing list, �|���H�N + �C�ӬP���̷s���n��C���K�b�W��. + + <p>�j������ ports ���ӳ��i�H�b 2.2, 3.0 �� 4.0 ���t�ΤW�ϥ�, + �åB�٦������� ports �i�H�b 2.1.x ���t�ΤW�B�@. + �C���� FreeBSD release ��, ���|���@�� ports tree �Q��b�o�@�� + release cd �̭��� <tt>ports/</tt> �ؿ���. + + <p>We also support the concept of a ``package'', essentially no + more than a gzipped binary distribution with a little extra + intelligence embedded in it for doing whatever custom installation + work is required. A package can be installed and uninstalled + again easily without having to know the gory details of which + files it includes. + + <p>Use the package installation menu in <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> + (under the post-configuration menu item) or invoke the + <em>pkg_add(1)</em> command on the specific package files you're + interested in installing. Package files can usually be identified by + their <em>.tgz</em> suffix and CDROM distribution people will have + a <tt>packages/All</tt> directory on their CD which contains such + files. They can also be downloaded over the net for various versions + of FreeBSD at the following locations: + + <descrip> + <tag>for 2.2.7-release/2.2-stable</tag> + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2.7/" + name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2.7/"> + + <tag>for 3.0-current</tag> + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/" + name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/"> + </descrip> + + <p>or your nearest local mirror site. + + <p>Note that all ports may not be available as packages since + new ones are constantly being added. It is always a good + idea to check back periodically to see which packages are available + at the <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" + name="ftp.freebsd.org"> master site. + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b������ libc.so.3.0?</heading> + + <p>�A�i��b�@�x 2.1.x �������W, �]�۵� 2.2/3.0 ���n��. + �ЦA���W���@�ӳ��`��, ���T�����o���A�����Ϊ� port/package. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ghostscript �b�ڪ� 386/486SX �W���I���D��.<label id="emul"> + </heading> + + <p>�A�S���B�I�B�⾹, ��a?. + �A�����b�A�� kernel ���[�J�ƾǹB�������, �A�i�H��ۤU�����B�J��, + �æb���L�A�� kernel �]�w�ɫ�, ���s�sĶ�L�@��. + + <verb> + options GPL_MATH_EMULATE + </verb> + + <p><bf/NOTE/ ���A�[�J�W�@�檺�P��, �A�����N <tt/MATH_EMULATE/ + ������. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ڰ��� SCO/iBCS2 ���{����, �����b <tt/socksys/. + </heading> + + <p>�A�������ק� <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> + (or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)" + name="/etc/rc.conf">) �o�ɮ׳̫�@�ӳ��`, �N�U�������쪺�ܼ� + �]�� <tt/YES/: + + <verb> + # Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation loaded at startup + ibcs2=NO + </verb> + + <p>�o�|�b�}���ɱN <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ibcs2" name="ibcs2"> + �o�@�� kernel �Ҳո��J. + + <p>�A�٭n�N�A�� /compat/ibcs2/dev �令�U���o��: + + <verb> +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -> /dev/null +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -> socksys +-rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 0 Oct 28 12:02 null +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -> /dev/null +crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 41, 1 Oct 15 22:14 spx + </verb> + + <p>�A�u�ݭn�N socksys ��V�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?null(4)" name="/dev/null"> + �h�F�L open & close. �b -current �̭��� ibcs2 �����{���X�N�|�B + �z�o�ǪF��. This is muck cleaner than the way it was done before. + ���p�A�Q�n�ϥ� <tt/spx/ �譱���{��, �b�A���֤߳]�w�ɸ̭��[�W + <tt/SPX_HACK/ . + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڭn�p��b�ڪ������W�]�w INN (Internet News)? + </heading> + + <p>After installing the inn package or port, an excellent place to + <p>�b�A�ϥ� package �Ϊ̬O port �w�˧� inn ����, + <url url="http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/INN.html" + name="Dave Barr's INN Page"> �O�ӫD�`�n���}�l, �A�i�H�b������ + INN �� FAQ. + + </sect1> + <sect1> + + <heading>�ڸӨϥΨ��Ӫ����� Microsoft FrontPage? + </heading> + + <p>�ϥ� Port �a! �b ports tree ���w�g���@�ӥ]�t FrontPage �� Apache �����F. + </p> + + </sect1> + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e375b70c4f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/commercial.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +<!-- $Id: commercial.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by vanilla@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English version: 1.3 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�ӷ~�n��<label id="commercial"></heading> + + <p><bf/NOTE/ This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of + course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no + financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply + lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest + in FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term + viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their + entries here for inclusion. See + <url url="../commercial/commercial.html" name="the Vendors page"> + for a longer list. + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b�����쵹 FreeBSD �Ϊ� Motif?</heading> + + <p>�p�� <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , �L�̴��ѤF�@�ӵ� FreeBSD + �Ϊ� Motif 2.0 �M��. + + <p>�b�o�M�]�A�F: + <itemize> + <item>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm. + + <item>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake + files. + + <item>Static and dynamic libraries. + + <item>Demonstration applets. + + <item>Preformatted man pages. + </itemize> + + <p>�b�A��L�̭q�� Motif ��, �Ф@�w�����A�n���O FreeBSD ������! + �]�� <em>Xi Graphics</em> �]�P�ɴ��ѤF BSDI �� Linux ������ Motif. + �ثe�o�檺�����O��b�|���Ϥ���, �N�ӥL�̷|�N�Ҧ����F�賣�����и�, + �N���L�̩ҵo�檺 CDE �@��. + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b�����쵹 FreeBSD �Ϊ� CDE?</heading> + + <p>�p�� <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> , �L�̴��ѤF�@�ӵ� FreeBSD + �Ϊ� CDE 1.0.10 �M��, �̭��]�A�F Motif 1.2.5, �åB�L�̪� CDE �]�i�H�b + Motif 2.0 �U�ܥ��`������. + + <p>CDE �O�Υ��Ъ��覡�o��, FreeBSD �� Linux �������@��. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���䦳�n��, ���O���IJv�� X servers?<label id="xig"> + </heading> + + <p>�p�A���@, <url url="http://www.xig.com" name="Xi Graphics"> + ���ѤF Accelerated-X �� FreeBSD ���L Intel based ���t��. + + <p>�o�Ӱ��IJv�� X Server ���D�`²�檺�]�w�覡, �åB�䴩�F�ثe�����W + �������U�j�t�P����ܥd, �̭��n���O, ���u���A Binary. + ���O�κϤ����覡�o��, FreeBSD �� Linux �������@��. + + <p>�A�i�H�b FreeBSD ����t�|�����Ф����o�Ӱ��IJv X Server �� demo ��, + ���M�A�]�i�H�����b�����W���. <!-- �o�q�ڦ��[�F�� --> + + <p>Xi Graphics �]���b�� FreeBSD �Ϊ� Motif �� CDE (���W���ݬ�). + + <descrip> + <tag/��h����T/ + <url url="http://www.xig.com/" name="Xi Graphics WWW page"> + + <tag/��/ <url url="mailto:sales@xig.com" name="Sales"> or + <url url="mailto:support@xig.com" name="Support"> email addresses. + + <tag/��/ phone (800) 946 7433 or +1 303 298-7478. + </descrip> + + <sect1> + <heading>�b FreeBSD �W������Ʈw��?</heading> + + <p>��! Conetic Software Systems �w�g�N�L�̪� C/base �� C/books + ports �� FreeBSD 2.0.5(�Χ���)�W, �� Sleepycat Software �]�b�� + �@�M���ӷ~�䴩����Ʈw�禡�w. + + <descrip> + <tag/For more information/ + <url url="http://www.conetic.com/" name="Conetic Software Systems"> + + <tag/or mail/ + <url url="mailto:info@conetic.com" name="Information E-mail address">, + + <tag/and/ + <url url="http://www.sleepycat.com/" name = "Sleepycat Software">. + </descrip> + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7a5071a57b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hackers.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,492 @@ +<!-- $Id: hackers.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by --> +<!-- English Version: 1.11 --> + + <sect> + <heading>For serious FreeBSD hackers only<label id="hackers"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading> + What are SNAPs and RELEASEs? + </heading> + + <p>There are currently three active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi" name="CVS Repository">: + + <itemize> + <item><bf/RELENG_2_2/ AKA <bf/2.2-stable/ AKA <bf/"2.2 branch"/ + <item><bf/RELENG_3/ AKA <bf/3.x-stable/ AKA <bf/"3.0 branch"/ + <item><bf/HEAD/ AKA <bf/-current/ AKA <bf/4.0-current/ + </itemize> + + <p><bf/HEAD/ is not an actual branch tag, like the other two, it's + simply a symbolic constant for + <em/"the current, non-branched development stream"/ which we simply + refer to as <bf/-current/. + + <p>Right now, <bf/-current/ is the 4.0 development stream and the + <bf/3.0-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_3/, forked off from + <bf/-current/ in Jan 1999. + + <p>The <bf/2.2-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_2/, departed -current in + November 1996. + + <p>The <bf/2.1-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_1_0/, departed -current in + September of 1994. This branch has been fully retired. + + <sect1> + <heading> + How do I make my own custom release?<label id="custrel"> + </heading> + + <p>To make a release you need to do three things: First, you need to + be running a kernel with the <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?vn" name="vn"> driver configured + in. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: + + <verb> + pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) + </verb> + + <p>Second, you have to have the whole CVS repository at hand. + To get this you can use <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="CVSUP"> + but in your supfile set the release name to cvs and remove any tag or + date fields: + + <verb> + *default prefix=/home/ncvs + *default base=/a + *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org + *default release=cvs + *default delete compress use-rel-suffix + + ## Main Source Tree + src-all + src-eBones + src-secure + + # Other stuff + ports-all + www + doc-all + </verb> + + <p>Then run <tt/cvsup -g supfile/ to suck all the good bits onto your + box... + + <p>Finally, you need a chunk of empty space to build into. Let's + say it's in <tt>/some/big/filesystem</tt>, and from the example + above you've got the CVS repository in <tt>/home/ncvs</tt>: + + <verb> + setenv CVSROOT /home/ncvs # or export CVSROOT=/home/ncvs + cd /usr/src/release + make release BUILDNAME=3.0-MY-SNAP CHROOTDIR=/some/big/filesystem/release + </verb> + + <p>An entire release will be built in + <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release</tt> and you will have a full FTP-type + installation in <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release/R/ftp</tt> when you're + done. If you want to build your SNAP along some other branch than + -current, you can also add <tt/RELEASETAG=SOMETAG/ to + the make release command line above, e.g. <tt/RELEASETAG=RELENG_2_2/ + would build an up-to-the- minute 2.2-STABLE snapshot. + + <sect1> + <heading>How do I create customized installation disks?</heading> + + <p>The entire process of creating installation disks and source and + binary archives is automated by various targets in + <tt>/usr/src/release/Makefile</tt>. The information there should + be enough to get you started. However, it should be said that this + involves doing a ``make world'' and will therefore take up a lot of + time and disk space. + + <sect1> + <heading>``make world'' clobbers my existing installed binaries.</heading> + + <p>Yes, this is the general idea; as its name might suggest, + ``make world'' rebuilds every system binary from scratch, so you can be + certain of having a clean and consistent environment at the end (which + is why it takes so long). + + <p>If the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ is defined while running + ``<tt/make world/'' or ``<tt/make install/'', the newly-created + binaries will be deposited in a directory tree identical to the + installed one, rooted at <tt>${DESTDIR}</tt>. + Some random combination of shared libraries modifications and + program rebuilds can cause this to fail in ``<tt/make world/'', + however. + + <sect1> + <heading> + When my system boots, it says ``(bus speed defaulted)''. + </heading> + + <p>The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure + their bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the + 1542 driver tried to determine the fastest usable speed and set + the adapter to that. We found that this breaks some users' + systems, so you now have to define the ``<tt/TUNE_1542/'' kernel + configuration option in order to have this take place. Using it + on those systems where it works may make your disks run faster, + but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could be + corrupted. + + <sect1> + <heading> + Can I follow current with limited Internet access?<label id="ctm"> + </heading> + + <p>Yes, you can do this <tt /without/ downloading the whole source tree + by using the <url url="../handbook/ctm.html" name="CTM facility."> + + <sect1> + <heading>How did you split the distribution into 240k files?</heading> + + <p>Newer BSD based systems have a ``<tt/-b/'' option to split that + allows them to split files on arbitrary byte boundaries. + + <p>Here is an example from <tt>/usr/src/Makefile</tt>. + + <verb> + bin-tarball: + (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ + tar cf - . \ + gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ + split -b 240640 - \ + ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>I've written a kernel extension, who do I send it to?</heading> + + <p>Please take a look at <url url="../handbook/contrib.html" + name="The Handbook entry on how to submit code."> + + <p>And thanks for the thought! + + <sect1> + <heading>How are Plug N Play ISA cards detected and initialized?</heading> + + <p>By: <url url="mailto:uhclem@nemesis.lonestar.org" + name="Frank Durda IV"> + + <p>In a nutshell, there a few I/O ports that all of the PnP boards + respond to when the host asks if anyone is out there. So when + the PnP probe routine starts, he asks if there are any PnP boards + present, and all the PnP boards respond with their model # to + a I/O read of the same port, so the probe routine gets a wired-OR + ``yes'' to that question. At least one bit will be on in that + reply. Then the probe code is able to cause boards with board + model IDs (assigned by Microsoft/Intel) lower than X to go + ``off-line''. It then looks to see if any boards are still + responding to the query. If the answer was ``<tt/0/'', then + there are no boards with IDs above X. Now probe asks if there + are any boards below ``X''. If so, probe knows there are boards + with a model numbers below X. Probe then asks for boards greater + than X-(limit/4) to go off-line. If repeats the query. By + repeating this semi-binary search of IDs-in-range enough times, + the probing code will eventually identify all PnP boards present + in a given machine with a number of iterations that is much lower + than what 2^64 would take. + + <p>The IDs are two 32-bit fields (hence 2ˆ64) + 8 bit checksum. + The first 32 bits are a vendor identifier. They never come out + and say it, but it appears to be assumed that different types of + boards from the same vendor could have different 32-bit vendor + ids. The idea of needing 32 bits just for unique manufacturers + is a bit excessive. + + <p>The lower 32 bits are a serial #, ethernet address, something + that makes this one board unique. The vendor must never produce + a second board that has the same lower 32 bits unless the upper + 32 bits are also different. So you can have multiple boards of + the same type in the machine and the full 64 bits will still be + unique. + + <p>The 32 bit groups can never be all zero. This allows the + wired-OR to show non-zero bits during the initial binary search. + + <p>Once the system has identified all the board IDs present, it will + reactivate each board, one at a time (via the same I/O ports), + and find out what resources the given board needs, what interrupt + choices are available, etc. A scan is made over all the boards + to collect this information. + + <p>This info is then combined with info from any ECU files on the + hard disk or wired into the MLB BIOS. The ECU and BIOS PnP + support for hardware on the MLB is usually synthetic, and the + peripherals don't really do genuine PnP. However by examining + the BIOS info plus the ECU info, the probe routines can cause the + devices that are PnP to avoid those devices the probe code cannot + relocate. + + <p>Then the PnP devices are visited once more and given their I/O, + DMA, IRQ and Memory-map address assignments. The devices will + then appear at those locations and remain there until the next + reboot, although there is nothing that says you can't move them + around whenever you want. + + <p>There is a lot of oversimplification above, but you should get + the general idea. + + <p>Microsoft took over some of the primary printer status ports to + do PnP, on the logic that no boards decoded those addresses for + the opposing I/O cycles. I found a genuine IBM printer board + that did decode writes of the status port during the early PnP + proposal review period, but MS said ``tough''. So they do a + write to the printer status port for setting addresses, plus that + use that address + <tt/0x800/, and a third I/O port for reading + that can be located anywhere between <tt/0x200/ and <tt/0x3ff/. + + <sect1> + <heading>Does FreeBSD support architectures other than the x86?</heading> + + <p>Several groups of people have expressed interest in working on + multi-architecture ports for FreeBSD and the FreeBSD/AXP (ALPHA) + port is one such effort which has been quite successful, now + available in 3.0 SNAPshot release form at <url + url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha/" + name="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/alpha">. The ALPHA + port currently runs on a growing number of ALPHA machine + types, among them the AlphaStation, AXPpci, PC164, Miata and Multia + models. This port is not yet considered a full release and won't be + until a full compliment of system installation tools and a distribution + on CDROM installation media is available, including a reasonable + number of working ports and packages. + FreeBSD/AXP should be considered BETA quality software at this + time. For status information, please join the + <tt><freebsd-alpha@FreeBSD.ORG></tt><ref id="mailing" + name="mailing list">. + + Interest has also been expressed in a port of FreeBSD to + the SPARC architecture, join the <tt><freebsd-sparc@FreeBSD.ORG> + </tt><ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> if you are interested + in joining that project. For general discussion on new architectures, + join the <tt><freebsd-platforms@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> + <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list">. + + <sect1> + <heading>I need a major number for a device driver I've written.</heading> + + <p>This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver + publicly available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the + driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to + <tt>files.i386</tt>, a sample configuration file entry, and the + appropriate <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV" + name="MAKEDEV"> code to create any special files your device uses. If + you do not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then + character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been reserved + specifically for this purpose; please use them. In any case, we'd + appreciate hearing about your driver on + <tt><freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG></tt>. + + + <sect1> + <heading>Alternative layout policies for directories</heading> + + <p> + In answer to the question of alternative layout policies for + directories, the scheme that is currently in use is unchanged + from what I wrote in 1983. I wrote that policy for the original + fast filesystem, and never revisited it. It works well at keeping + cylinder groups from filling up. As several of you have noted, + it works poorly for find. Most filesystems are created from + archives that were created by a depth first search (aka ftw). + These directories end up being striped across the cylinder groups + thus creating a worst possible senario for future depth first + searches. If one knew the total number of directories to be + created, the solution would be to create (total / fs_ncg) per + cylinder group before moving on. Obviously, one would have to + create some heuristic to guess at this number. Even using a + small fixed number like say 10 would make an order of magnitude + improvement. To differentiate restores from normal operation + (when the current algorithm is probably more sensible), you + could use the clustering of up to 10 if they were all done + within a ten second window. Anyway, my conclusion is that this + is an area ripe for experimentation.</p> + + <p>Kirk McKusick, September 1998</p> + + <sect1> + <heading>Making the most of a kernel panic</heading> + + <p> + <em>[This section was extracted from a mail written by <url + url="mailto:wpaul@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Bill Paul"> on the + freebsd-current <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> by <url + url="mailto:des@FreeBSD.ORG" name="Dag-Erling Coïdan + Smørgrav">, who fixed a few typos and added the bracketed + comments]</em> + + <p> + <verb> +From: Bill Paul <wpaul@skynet.ctr.columbia.edu> +Subject: Re: the fs fun never stops +To: ben@rosengart.com +Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 15:22:50 -0400 (EDT) +Cc: current@FreeBSD.ORG + </verb> + + <p> + <em>[<ben@rosengart.com> posted the following panic + message]</em> + <verb> +> Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode +> fault virtual address = 0x40 +> fault code = supervisor read, page not present +> instruction pointer = 0x8:0xf014a7e5 + ^^^^^^^^^^ +> stack pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24 +> frame pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28 +> code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b +> = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1 +> processor eflags = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0 +> current process = 80 (mount) +> interrupt mask = +> trap number = 12 +> panic: page fault + </verb> + + <p> [When] you see a message like this, it's not enough to just + reproduce it and send it in. The instruction pointer value that + I highlighted up there is important; unfortunately, it's also + configuration dependent. In other words, the value varies + depending on the exact kernel image that you're using. If you're + using a GENERIC kernel image from one of the snapshots, then + it's possible for somebody else to track down the offending + function, but if you're running a custom kernel then only + <em/you/ can tell us where the fault occured. + + <p> What you should do is this: + + <itemize> + <item>Write down the instruction pointer value. Note that the + <tt/0x8:/ part at the begining is not significant in this case: + it's the <tt/0xf0xxxxxx/ part that we want. + <item>When the system reboots, do the following: + <verb> +% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx + </verb> + where <tt/f0xxxxxx/ is the instruction pointer value. The + odds are you will not get an exact match since the symbols + in the kernel symbol table are for the entry points of + functions and the instruction pointer address will be + somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you don't + get an exact match, omit the last digit from the instruction + pointer value and try again, i.e.: + <verb> +% nm /kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx + </verb> + If that doesn't yield any results, chop off another digit. + Repeat until you get some sort of output. The result will be + a possible list of functions which caused the panic. This is + a less than exact mechanism for tracking down the point of + failure, but it's better than nothing. + </itemize> + + <p> I see people constantly show panic messages like this but + rarely do I see someone take the time to match up the + instruction pointer with a function in the kernel symbol table. + + <p> The best way to track down the cause of a panic is by + capturing a crash dump, then using <tt/gdb(1)/ to to a stack + trace on the crash dump. Of course, this depends on <tt/gdb(1)/ + in -current working correctly, which I can't guarantee (I recall + somebody saying that the new ELF-ized <tt/gdb(1)/ didn't handle + kernel crash dumps correctly: somebody should check this before + 3.0 goes out of beta or there'll be a lot of red faces after the + CDs ship). + + <p> + In any case, the method I normally use is this: + + <itemize> + <item>Set up a kernel config file, optionally adding 'options DDB' if you + think you need the kernel debugger for something. (I use this mainly + for setting beakpoints if I suspect an infinite loop condition of + some kind.) + <item>Use <tt/config -g KERNELCONFIG/ to set up the build directory. + <item><tt>cd /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG; make</tt> + <item>Wait for kernel to finish compiling. + <item><tt/cp kernel kernel.debug/ + <item><tt/strip -d kernel/ + <item><tt/mv /kernel /kernel.orig/ + <item><tt>cp kernel /</tt> + <item>reboot + </itemize> + + <p> <em>[Note: Now that FreeBSD 3.x kernels are Elf by default, + you should use <tt/strip -g/ instead of <tt/strip -d/. If for some + reason your kernel is still a.out, use <tt/strip -aout -d/.]</em> + + <p> Note that YOU DO <em/NOT/ WANT TO ACTUALLY BOOT THE KERNEL + WITH ALL THE DEBUG SYMBOLS IN IT. A kernel compiled with <tt/-g/ + can easily be close to 10MB in size. You don't have to actually + boot this massive image: you only need it later for <tt/gdb(1)/ + (<tt/gdb(1)/ wants the symbol table). Instead, you want to keep + a copy of the full image and create a second image with the + debug symbols stripped out using <tt/strip -d/. It is this + second stripped image that you want to boot. + + <p> To make sure you capture a crash dump, you need edit + <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> and set <tt/dumpdev/ to point to your swap + partition. This will cause the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts to use the + <tt/dumpon(8)/ command to enable crash dumps. You can also run + <tt/dumpon(8)/ manually. After a panic, the crash dump can be + recovered using <tt/savecore(8)/; if <tt/dumpdev/ is set in + <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>, the <tt/rc(8)/ scripts will run + <tt/savecore(8)/ automatically and put the crash dump in + <tt>/var/crash</tt>. + + <p> NOTE: FreeBSD crash dumps are usually the same size as the + physical RAM size of your machine. That is, if you have 64MB of + RAM, you will get a 64MB crash dump. Therefore you must make sure + there's enough space in <tt>/var/crash</tt> to hold the dump. + Alternatively, you run <tt/savecore(8)/ manually and have it + recover the crash dump to another directory where you have more + room. It's possible to limit the size of the crash dump by using + <tt/options MAXMEM=(foo)/ to set the amount of memory the kernel + will use to something a little more sensible. For example, if + you have 128MB of RAM, you can limit the kernel's memory usage + to 16MB so that your crash dump size will be 16MB instead of + 128MB. + + <p> Once you have recovered the crash dump, you can get a stack + trace with <tt/gdb(1)/ as follows: + + <p> + <verb> +% gdb -k /sys/compile/KERNELCONFIG/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0 +(gdb) where + </verb> + + <p> Note that there may be several screens worth of information; + ideally you should use <tt/script(1)/ to capture all of them. + Using the unstripped kernel image with all the debug symbols + should show the exact line of kernel source code where the panic + occured. Usually you have to read the stack trace from the + bottom up in order to trace the exact sequence of events that + lead to the crash. You can also use <tt/gdb(1)/ to print out the + contents of various variables or structures in order to examine + the system state at the time of the crash. + + <p> Now, if you're really insane and have a second computer, you + can also configure <tt/gdb(1)/ to do remote debugging such that + you can use <tt/gdb(1)/ on one system to debug the kernel on + another system, including setting breakpoints, single-stepping + through the kernel code, just like you can do with a normal + user-mode program. I haven't played with this yet as I don't + often have the chance to set up two machines side by side for + debugging purposes. + + <p> <em>[Bill adds: "I forgot to mention one thing: if you have + DDB enabled and the kernel drops into the debugger, you can + force a panic (and a crash dump) just by typing 'panic' at the + ddb prompt. It may stop in the debugger again during the panic + phase. If it does, type 'continue' and it will finish the crash + dump." -ed]</em> + + </sect> diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..889eeea30b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/hardware.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ +<!-- $Id: hardware.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by gsl@tpts4.seed.net.tw --> +<!-- English Version: 1.14 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�w�骺�ۮe��<label id="hardware"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩���ǵw�Ъ������H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩 EIDE �� SCSI �g�� (���۬ۮe�� controller�F + �аѦҤU�@�q)�A�H�ΨϥΡuWestern Digital�v�������g�� (MEM�B + �BRLL�BESDI�A���M�AIDE �]�b�]�A��)�C���ּƨϥαM���� ESDI + �������L�k�B�@�G���O WD1002/3/6/7 ���������C + + <sect1> + <heading>���@�� SCSI �d���Q�䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�b <htmlurl url="../handbook/install:hw.html" name="Handbook"> �̦����㪺��ơC + + <sect1> + <heading>���@�� CD-ROM �Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�����A���b SCSI �����W�� CDROM �����Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�C + + <p>�䦸�A�U���ҦC�� CD-ROM �]�����Q�䴩�G + + <itemize> + <item>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) �� FX001D (16bit �⭿�t)�C<newline> + <item>Sony CDU 31/33A<newline> + <item>���b Sound Blaster �W�D SCSI ������ CD-ROM<newline> + <item>Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM<newline> + <item>�ۮe�� ATAPI IDE ������ CD-ROM<newline> + </itemize> + + <p>�w�g���D�D SCSI ���g��]�Ʒ|�� SCSI ���C�ܦh�A�t�~�A���@�� ATAPI + CDROM (�o�]�N�O���D SCSI �� CDROM) �i��L�k�B�@�C + + <p>��F�A2.2 ���� FreeBSD CDROM (�� Walnut Creek ��z��) �䴩���ж}���C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 ZIP �ܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD ���M�䴩 SCSI ZIP�C���O ZIP �u����Q�]�w�b SCSI ID 5 �άO 6 + �C���p�G SCSI �d�W�� BIOS �䴩���A�A�Ʀܥi�H�Υ��Ӷ}���C�ڭ̤���o���@ + ���d�i�H���A��d�� ID �]�b���F 0 �� 1 �H�~���a��}��... �ݬݧA�������� + �U (�G�A���\���ܡA�]�ЧA���ڭ̪��D) + + <p>ATAPI (�]�N�O IDE ����) ZIP �w�g�b FreeBSD 2.2.6 �ΥH�᪺�����Q�䴩�F�C + + <p>FreeBSD 3.0-CURRENT �]���䴩 parallel ZIP�C�M�ӡA���L�A�ݭn�s�@�@�ӥi�H + �䴩 ppbus (Parallel Port Bus) �� kernel�A�H���A�i�H�ϥΧA�� ZIP�C�а� + �� LINT �o���ɮסC + + <p>�]�i�H�Ѧ�<ref id="jaz" name="�����i�H���ʪ��]��">�A + ��<ref id="disklabel" name="������ format �����">�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD ���䴩 JAZ�BEZ �Ψ�L���o�@���i�H���ʪ��]�ƶܡH + </heading> + + <p>���F IDE �� EZ drive �~�A��L�����ӳ��O SCSI �����C�ҥH�A���ӱN�j�� + ���]�Ƭݦ� SCSI �Ϻо��A��ѤU���Ǫ� IDE EZ ���]�Ƭݦ� IDE �]�ơC + + <p><label id="jaz">�ڭ̨ä��T�w FreeBSD ���� jaz �Ϥ��ɪ��䴩��� + �C���ڭ̪��D���ݦb� jaz �Ϥ��e�N�o���ɮרt�Υ����U�C���M�A�A���ݽT + �w�b�}���ɳo�dz]�ƪ��q���O���}���A�H�K�� FreeBSD �i�H������C + + <p>�Ѧ�<ref id="disklabel" name="������ format �Ϥ������">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>������ multi-port serial �d�Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�A�i�H�Ѧ�<htmlurl url="../handbook/install:misc.html" + name="��L�g��]��">�����C + + <p>���M���ǥd�O�S�P���A���]�i�H�b FreeBSD �U�u�@�A���O���٤䴩 AST ���d�C + + <p>�Ѧ� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" + name="sio �o���������">�i�H���A�F�ѧ�h������o�@���d����T�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڦ��@�� bus mouse�C�ڸӦp��]�w�H<label id="busmouse"></heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩�� Microsoft, Logitech �� ATI �ҥͲ��� bus mouse �� InPort + bus mouse�C�o�Ƿƹ��� driver ���w�g���t�b GENERIC �̭��F�C�p�G�A�ۤv�����s + ���@�� kernel�A�нT�w���S����U�C�o�@��[�J�A�� kernel config file�G + + <verb> + device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq5 vector mseintr + </verb> + + <p>�R bus mouse �����ӷ|�t�@�������d�C�o���d���\�A�]�w���P�� port address �� + IRQ number�C�ѦҧA��������U�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mse" + name="mse man page"> �ӱo���h����T. + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڦp��ϥ� PS/2 mouse �άO PS/2 keyboard�H<label id="ps2mouse"></heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�� FreeBSD �O 2.2.5 �H�W������ (�t 2.2.5)�A����A�ݭn�� driver ���ȩ�� + kernel �̭��F�A�ӥB�A�� PS/2 �]�����ӥi�H�b�}���ɳQ������C + + <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O 2.1.x �� 2.2.5 (���t 2.2.5) ���� FreeBSD�A�A�i�H�b + �}�����ɭԶi�J�ukernel configuration menu�v�̥h�ҰʡA�]�N�O�b�}���ɥX�{ + boot: ���Ÿ��ᥴ�J -c�C�]���w�]�ȬO�������A�ҥH�A���ݦۤv�h�Ұʥ��C + + <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O���ª������A�A�ݭn�ۤv�s�@�� kernel�A�b�A���֤߳]�w�ɸ̭��[�J�G + + <verb> + device psm0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�A���ۤv�s�@�Ӯ֤ߨS���g��A�аѦ�<htmlurl + url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" name="�u�s�@�Ӯ֤ߡv"> + + <p>�p�G�b�}���ɦ���� psm0 �o����ϥΡA�нT�w�b /dev �U�� psm0 �o�ӳ]���ɡC + �p�G�S���A�A���ӥ� root ��������J�U���o��Ӱ��X�G + + <verb> + cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV psm0 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�O�_���i��b X Window ���~�ϥηƹ��O�H<label id="moused"></heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O default console driver�A�]�N�O syscons�A�ӷQ�n�� + �ƹ����ШӰŶK��r�A����N����ƹ��� daemon�A�]�N�O moused�A�M�� + �ΤU���o���ӱҰʥ��G + + <verb> + moused -p /dev/xxxx -t yyyy + vidcontrol -m on + </verb> + + <p><tt>xxxx</tt> ���a���J mouse �� device name�A�� <tt>yyyy</tt> + ��J�o���ƹ��� protocol type�C�A�i�H�Ѧ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused" name="moused"> + �o�� man page �ӧ�ݬݦ����� protocol types �i�H��C + + <p>�p�G�A�Q�n�b�}���ɴN���� moused�C�b 2.2.1 �����e (�t 2.2.1)�A�� + <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> �]�w�U�����ȡG + + <verb> + mousedtype="yyyy" + mousedport="xxxx" + mousedflags="" + </verb> + + �b 2.2.2 ���H�� (�t 2.2.2) �� <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt> �]�w�U�����ȡG + + <verb> + moused_type="yyyy" + moused_port="xxxx" + moused_flags="" + </verb> + + <p>�t�~�q 2.2.6 ���}�l�Amoused �i�H�۰ʨM�w protocol type�A���D�ƹ���b + �O���¤F�C�p�G���ª��ܡA�b moused_type ��J ``<tt>auto</tt>''�A�M���ë + �i�H��������C + + <p>������ moused ��A�Q�n�b��L�{���̨ϥηƹ��ݭn�� X Window �o�������� + �{���C�Ѧҥ��媺 <ref id="x-and-moused" name="�t�~�@�q"> + + <sect1> + <heading>�p��b text console �̰ŶK�H</heading> + + <p>������ moused ��A(�Ѧ�<ref id="moused" name="�e�@�q">)�A��������A + ���ʷƹ��ӿ�ܤ@�Ӱϰ줧���}�C�M��A���U����Υk��A�N�i�H�K�W�h�F�C + + <p>�b 2.2.6 ���� (�t 2.2.6)�A���U����|����K�W�o�Ӱʧ@�A�����U�k��|���� + �ҿ�����ϰ�C�p�G�A���ƹ��S������A�A�i�H�μ������覡�άO���s�w�q�ƹ��� + �䪺�覡�ӹF���u�����v���\��C�Ѧ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused" name="moused"> �o�� man + pages �ӱo���h������T�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��ƹ��W���u���A�ण��b FreeBSD �U�ϥΡH</heading> + + <p>�ܤ������A�b�j�h�ƪ����p�U����C�o�DZa���u�����ƹ��ݭn�ίS + �����X�ʵ{���C���D�ƹ����Q�A���{���άO�X�ʵ{���Ҥ䴩�A���M�o�Ƿ� + ���u��������O���q������ΤT�䪺�ƹ��ϥΡC + + <sect1> + <heading> + �گ�b�ڪ� laptop �W�ϥηƹ�/�y��y/touchpad �ܡH + </heading> + + <p>�Ѧ�<ref id="ps2mouse" name="�W�@�q������">�A�åB�Ѧ� + <ref id="pao" name="this note"> on the Mobile Computing page. + + <sect1> + <heading>������ tape �P�䦳�Q�䴩�H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩 SCSI�AQIC-36 (QIC-02 ����) �� QIC-40/80 (Floppy ����) tape drives�C + �]�A 8-mm (aka Exabyte) �� DAT drives�C�w�g���D QIC-40/80 drives �ܺC�C + + <p>�Y�Ǧ����� 8-mm drives �ä��ۮe�� SCSI-2�A�i��S����k�b FreeBSD �W�B�@�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 tape changer �ܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD 2.2 �Q�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ch(4)" + name="ch"> �o�ӳ]�ƨӤ䴩 SCSI changers�A�A�i�H�Ѧ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio" name="chio"> �o�ӫ��O�C + �p�� changer ����k�i�H�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio" + name="chio"> �o���������̧��C + + <p>�p�G�A���O�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?amanda" name="AMANDA"> �� + ��L�w�g�Q���D�� changer�A�O���A�A�u���D�p��N�@�� tape �q�䤤�@�Ӳ���t�~�@�ӡA + �ҥH�A�ݭn�O�����@�� tape �b�̭��A�β{�b�����@�� tape �ݭn��^�h�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�����ǭ��ĥd���Q FreeBSD �䴩�H</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩 SoundBlaster�ASoundBlaster Pro�ASoundBlaster 16�A + Pro Audio Spectrum 16�AAdLib �� Gravis UltraSound sound cards�C + ����� MPU-401 �Ψ�ۮe MIDI �d���䷽�����C���ϥ� Microsoft + Sound System ���d�i�H�z�L pcm ���X�ʵ{���ӨϥΥ��C + + <p><bf/NOTE/ �o���X�ʵ{���u�A�Ω��n���譱�A�ӥB�ä��䴩�b�o�� + �d�W�� CD-ROM�ASCSI �� joysticks�C���]���Ǩҥ~�A���O SoundBlaster�B + SoundBlaster SCSI �����άY�ǫD SCSI CDROMS ���Q�䴩�A���A�L�k�ϥγo + �dz]�ƶ}���C + + <sect1> + <heading>���Ǻ����d�Q FreeBSD �Ҥ䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�Ѧ�<htmlurl url="../handbook/install:nics.html" name="�A�Ӻ����d"> + �A�̭������㪺�M��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��q���S���B�I�B�⾹�A�oť�_�Ӧn�����Ӧn�H</heading> + + <p><tt /Note/ �o�u�|�v�T��� 386/486SX/486SLC ���H - �ϥΨ�L�� CPU �� + �w�g���t���I�B�⾹�F�C + + <p>�@��ӻ��o���|�y��������D�A�����A�n�Ϊ��ɭԡA�L�צb�IJv�W�P��K�פW�A + �����B�I�B�⪺�{���X������U (�Ѧ�<ref id="emul" name="���I�B�������">)�C + �ר�O�b X �U���e���ήɷ|�ܺC�C�ҥH�A�ڭ��٬O�|��ij�R�@�����I�B�⾹�C + + <p><bf/NOTE/ ���ǼƾǹB�⾹���L���n�C���O�S���H�j���A�R Intel ���C + ���D�A�T�w�A�R���i�H�b FreeBSD �W���T���u�@�C + + <sect1> + <heading>2.X �٤䴩���dz]�ơH</heading> + + <p>�Цh�h�Ѧ� <htmlurl url="../handbook/install:misc.html" name="Handbook"> + �A�̭����C�X�C + +<!-- + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�R�@�O�s�������A�������ij�i�H���ڶܡH</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�n�ۦ�ոˡA�A�i�H�Ѧ� Handbook ����<htmlurl + url="../handbook/hw.html" name="�w��">�A�Ϊ̧A�i�H�Ѧ�<htmlurl + url="../commercial/hardware.html" name="�w��t��">���ѧA�F�ѦU�a + �i�H�ϥ� FreeBSD �������C +--> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩�q���z�t�ζܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �䴩�Y�Ǿ����W�� APM�C�аѦ� <tt/LINT/ �o�� kernel �]�w�ɡA + �ç�ݬ� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?apm" + name="APM"> �o������r�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�b�Y�ǵw��W�Ҳ��ͪ����D</heading> + <p>���q�]�A�F�Y�ǵw��Ҳ��ͪ����D�C + <sect2> + <heading>�b Micron systems ���D���O�W�ڨS����k�i�J FreeBSD</heading> + <p>Micron ���Y�ǥD���O�S�����u PCI BIOS ���W�w�A�Ӿɦܩ���i�J FreeBSD + �ɱ����C�]���o�� PCI ���]�ƨS���b�}���ɦV�D���O���i�L������m�C + <p>�i�J BIOS ��A�N�uPlug and Play Operating System�v�o���� disable �� + �i�H�ȮɸѨM�o�Ӱ��D�C�p�G�A�Q�o���h���� Micron ���T���A�i�H�Ѧ� + <htmlurl + url="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron" + name="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron"> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڦ��@���s�R�� Adaptec �d�A���O FreeBSD �䤣�쥦�C + </heading> + + <p>Adaptec �s�� AIC789x �t�C�����զb��XĪ�� CAM SCSI ���ҤU�i�H�ϥΡC + 3.0-CURRENT �� 2.2-STABLE �ݭn patches�A�b + <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/" + name="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/cam/">�CA CAM-enhanced �}���Ϥ��b + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~abial/cam-boot/" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/~abial/cam-boot/">�C�L�קA�O�Ψ��@�ӡA�Х��Ѧ� README + </p> + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڳo���@�� PnP �� modem�A���O FreeBSD �S��쫨�H + </heading> + + <p>�A�ݭn�� modem �� PnP ID �[�� serial �X�ʵ{���� PnP ID ���̡A�M��N PnP ���\�� + �����}�C�b�A���֤߳]�w�ɸ̥[�J <tt/controller pnp0/ ��A���s�sĶ�@�Ӯ֤ߡA�M�᭫ + �s�ҰʧA���t�ΡC�֤߷|�C�X���ҧ�쪺�Ҧ��]�ƪ� PnP ID�C�бN�o�� modem �� PnP ID + �ƻs�� <tt>/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</tt>�A�j�� 1200 �檺�a��C�A�i�H�� "SUP1310" �o�� + �r������U�A��� "siopnp_ids[]" �o�Ӫ��C�A���s�sĶ�@�� kernel ���᭫�s�}���A�A�� + modem ���ӷ|�Q���F�C + </p> + + <p>�A�]�i�H�b�}���ɤ�ʿ�J�����U�����r�����֤߬ݨ�A�� modem�G + <verb> + pnp 1 0 enable os irq0 3 drq0 0 port0 0x2f8 + </verb> + </p> + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӦp��b serial console �e�ݨ� boot: �o�Ӵ��ܲŸ��H + </heading> + + <p><enum> + <item>�b�A���֤��ɸ̭��[�J�@�� <tt/options COMCONSOLE/�A�M�᭫�s�sĶ�A���֤ߡA + <item>�M��� /boot.config �̼g�J <tt/-P/ �o��Ӧr�C + <item>Unplug the keyboard from the system. + </enum></p> + + <p>�Ѧ� <tt>/usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial</tt> �ӤF�ѧ�h����T�C</p> + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + + + <heading>������ڪ� 3Com PCI �����d�S����k�b Micron �D���O�W�u�@�H</heading> + <p>�Y�� Micron �D���O�S�����u PCI BIOS ���W�w�Өϱo PCI ���g��]�ƨS���^�� + �L�̪���m�C�o�ϱo�b�i�J FreeBSD �ɷ|�����C + <p>�p�G�n�ȮɸѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A�Цb BIOS �� disable�uPlug and Play Operating System�v + <p>���� Micron ��h���T���i�H�ѦҡG + <htmlurl + url="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron" + name="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/vortex.html#micron"> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 Symmetric Multiproccessing (SMP) ��? + </heading> + + <p>SMP �u�b 3.0-CURRENT �Q�䴩. + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..011f61b8b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/includes.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +<!-- $Id: includes.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> + +<!-- book stores --> +<!ENTITY isbn.amazon 'http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN'> + + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bcd2cce3af --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/install.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,632 @@ +<!-- $Id: install.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.13 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�w�� FreeBSD<label id="install"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӤU�������ɮץH���o FreeBSD�H</heading> + + <p>�q�`�A�u�ݭn�@�i�n�ЬM���ɡA<em>floppies/boot.flp</em>�A�⥦�� + ���� 1.44MB �n�Ф��W�M��Ұʥ��A�A�h�U����L������(�w�˵{�Ƿ|�� + �z�A�� TCP/IP �s�u�A�H�� tapes�A���о��A�n�о��ADOS ���ΰϡA�� + ��L�u�n�O�w�˹L�{���ݭn�Ψ쪺)�C + + <p>�Y�A�u�ݭn�ۤv�U�� distributions(�i���t���� DOS �ɮרt�ΨӦw��) + �A�H�U�O�ڭ̫�ij�A��Ӧw�˪� distributions�G + + <itemize> + <item> bin/<newline> + <item> manpages/<newline> + <item> compat*/<newline> + <item> doc/ <newline> + <item> src/ssys.* <newline> + </itemize> + + <p>�w�˵{�Ǫ�������O�A�H�Χ�h���M�ʦw�ˮɷ|�I�쪺���D�i�H�b + <url url="../handbook/install.html" + name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD.">�o�̧��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ϩR�I�Ұʪ��n�ЬM���ɵL�k���@����W���n�Ф��̡I + </heading> + + <p>�@�i 3.5 �^�T(1.44MB)�n�Ф��i�H�e�� 1474560 �줸�ժ���ơC + �Ұʪ��M���ɴN��n�O�o�Ӥj�p�C + <p>�b�dzƱҰʳn�Ф��ɱ`�������~���G + <itemize> + <item>�ϥ� <tt>FTP</tt> �ɨS���ϥ� <tt>binary</tt> �Ҧ��C + <p>�Y�� FTP client �n�饦�̤��w���ǿ�Ҧ��O <tt>ascii</tt> + �åB�յۧ�����b�ݳQ�������r���A�H�ŦX�o�� client �t�Υ��� + �C�j�������ΤU�o���M�|���l�ҰʬM���ɡA�ˬd�@�U�A�U�����Ұ� + �M���ɤj�p�G�p�G�o���O<em>�����a</em>�ŦX server �ݤW���� + �פj�p�A����A���U���{�ǴN�����D�C + + <p>�ѨM��k�G�b�A�s���W server ���|���}�l�U���M���ɤ��e�A + �ݨ� FTP �R�O���ܸ��ɥ� <tt>binary</tt>�C + + <item>�ϥ� DOS �� <tt>copy</tt> �R�O(�ε��Ī� GUI �u��)�ӧ�� + �ʬM���ɶǰe��n�Ф��C + <p>������ <tt>copy</tt> ���{���A�b�ҰʬM���ɳQ�إߨåB���� + �}����èS���\�ΡC�M���ɸ̦����㪺�ϺФ��e�A�ϭy��ϭy�A�o�N + ���ۧA�L�k�κϤ��W�T�w���ɮץh���N���C + �A�����⥦�ǰe��n�Ф���``raw''�W�A�ϥΧC���Ƥu��(���O + <tt>fdimage</tt> �� <tt>rawrite</tt>)�A�o�Ǧb + <url url="../handbook/install.html" name="installation guide to + FreeBSD">�̭��h���y�z�C + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�w�� FreeBSD �����O�O����H</heading> + + <p>�A�i�H�b�o�̧��w�˫��O�C + <url url="../handbook/install.html" + name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD."> + + <sect1> + <heading>�n���� FreeBSD ���ٻݭn����H</heading> + + <p>�A�ݭn�@�x 386 �Χ�n�� PC�A�]�t 5MB �Χ�h�� RAM�H�Φܤ� 60MB + ���ϺЪŶ��C�i�H�ȨϥΤ@�ӧC���� MDA �ϧΥd�A�p�G�A�n���� X11R6 + �A�ݭn VGA �Χ�n�����T�d�C + + <p>��Ѧҳo�ӳ��` <ref id="hardware" name="Hardware compatibility"> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥu�� 4MB RAM�A���گ�w�� FreeBSD �ܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD 2.1.7 �O�̫�@�ӥi�b 4MB �t�ΤW�Q�w�˪������C�s���� + FreeBSD�A���O 2.2�A�ݭn�ܤ� 5MB �Ӧw�˥��b�@�ӥ��s���t�ΤW�C + + <p>FreeBSD ���Ҧ������A�]�A 3.0�A���b 4MB ���O����U����A���L�w�� + �ɤ���u�� 4MB�C�p�G�A�Q�o�ˡA�A�i�H�b�w�ˮɥ[�J�B�~���O����A�M + �ᵥ�t�Υi�H�����A���^ 4MB�C�άO�A�i�H��A���Ϻо����X�@�� 4MB + �H�W�m���Ŷ��A�w�˦n�t�Ϋ�A��m���Ŷ��屼�C + + <p>FreeBSD 2.1.7 �]������b 4MB �w�˪����ΡC���T�����A���ӬO�� + ����b�� 640kB �[�W 3MB �����O����̦w�ˡC�p�G�A���D���O + �i�H���s��^�b 640kB �� 1MB �d����``��''���O����A���� + �γ\�A�٬O�i�H�� FreeBSD 2.1.7 �˰_�ӡC + + <p>�յ۶i�J�A�� BIOS �]�w���ç�@��``remap''�ﹳ�A�⥦���}�C + �A�γ\�]�ӧ� ROM shadowing �������C + + <p>�u�b�w�ˮɨϥ� 4MB �i��e���@�I�A�إߤ@�ӥu���A�ݭn���ﶵ�� + �֤ߵ{���M��N�i�H�Υu�� 4MB�C + + <p>�A�]�i�H�w�� 2.0.5 �M��A��A���t�Υ� 2.1.7 �w�˵{���� + ``upgrade''���ﶵ�ɯŨ� 2.1.7 �����C + + <p>�w�˫�p�G�A�إߤ@�Ӧۭq���֤ߡA�o�N�|�b 4MB �U����C���� + �H���\���� 2MB �}��(���L�t�δX�G����� :-))�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڸӫ��s�@�ۭq���w�˳n�Ф��H + </heading> + + <p>�ثe�A�L�k *�u* �s�@�@�Ӧۭq���w�˳n�Ф��C�A�������X��ӥ��s�� + release �t�ΡA�o�̭��N�]�A�A���w�˳n�Ф��C�Y�Ǧb + <tt>/usr/src/release/floppies/Makefile</tt> �̪��{���X���]���� + �A*�u*���X���dzn�Ф��A���O�ƹ�W�٤���C + + <p>�n���X�ۭq�� release �����A�п��` <ref id="custrel" name="here"> + �����O�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b�ڪ� PC �W�֦��W�L�@�ӥH�W���@�~�t�ζܡH</heading> + + <p>�аѦ� <url url="../tutorials/multios/multios.html" + name="The multi-OS page."> + + <sect1> + <heading>Windows 95 �i�H�� FreeBSD �æs�ܡH</heading> + + <p>���w�� Windows 95�A�M��A�� FreeBSD�CFreeBSD ���Ұʺz�� + �|���ۺz Win95 �M FreeBSD�C���ϧA�ĤG�Ӥ~�� Win95�A���N�| + �ݳ����ݪ��ʾ|�a��A���Ұʺz���мg�L�h�C���p�o�w�g�o�͡A + �ЬݤU�@�`�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + Windows 95 ��ڪ��Ұʺz�������F�I�ڸӫ��⥦�Ϧ^�ӡH + </heading> + + <p>�A�i�H�ΥH�U��ؤ�k���@�ӭ��s�w�� FreeBSD ���Ұʺz���G + + <itemize> + <item>���� DOS�A�i�J�A�� FreeBSD distributions �� tools/ �ؿ� + �ç�� <bf>bootinst.exe</bf>�C�A�i�H�o�˰��楦�G + + <p><bf>bootinst.exe boot.bin</bf> + + <p>�o�˱Ұʺz���N�|�A���Q�w�ˡC + + <item>�� FreeBSD �Ұʳn�Ф��A���}���M��i�J Custom �w�˿�� + ���ءA��� Partition�A��ܨ��ӥ]�t�Ұʺz�����Ϻо�(�j�h�O + �Ĥ@��)�A�M������ΰϽs�边(partition editor)�X�{�ɡA�Ĥ@�� + ��(�N��N�O�G���n��������) ����� (W)rite�C�|�X�{�T�{���� + �ݡA�^�� yes�A�M����A�ݨ� Boot Manager ����ܴ��ܮɡA�T�w + �A�諸�O"Boot Manager"�o���C + �o�|��Ұʺz�����s�g�^�Ϻи̡C�����w�˿��M��N�`���� + �@�˭��s�Ұʵw�СC + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�b�@�Ӧ��a�y(bad block)���ϺФW�i��w�˶ܡH</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �� bad block (<htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?bad144" name="bad144"> + �R�O) �B�z�ëD 100&percnt ����(�ιϧΤƨӬ�)�A�ӥB�ܤ����ڭn�i + �D�A���p�A���@�� IDE �� ESDI �˸m�]�t�j�q�� bad blocks�A���� + FreeBSD �i�ण�A�X�A�I�o���ܡA���L�j�h�ƪ� IDE �t�Υi� + �ΡA�A�i��Q�b���e�����լݬݡC + + <p>�p�G�A���@�Ӧ� bad blocks �� SCSI �˸m�A�Ь� <ref id="awre" + name="this answer">. + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڱҰʦw�˳n�Ф��ɡA�_�Ǫ��Ʊ��o�ͤF�I</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�ݨ�_�Ǫ��Ʊ��A���O���������F�άO���A�յ۱q�w�˺Ϥ��_ + �ʮɬ�M�۰ʭ��s�}���F�A�o�̦��T�Ӱ��D�A�ӥ��ݰݦۤv:- + + <enum> + <item>�A�O�_�ϥΤ@�ӷs���A��榡�ƹL�A�S��������~���n�Ф�(�i + �H�O�@�i���s���ʪ��A�ӫD�O���ؤw�g�A���ɤU���F�T�~�A�O���x�� + �e���ʭ��Ϥ�)�H + + <item>�A�O�_�� binary �Ҧ��U���n�ЬM���ɡH + (���Τ��n�N��A�N��O�ڭ̤����̦n���@�ӤH�]���N�~���� binary + �ɥ� ASCII �Ҧ��U���ܤ֤@���I) + + <item>�p�G�A���b�ϥι��O Windows95 �� Windows NT �o�X�طs���� + �@�~�t�ΡA�A���S����t�������M��Ұʨ�̭�l���A�A�u�� DOS�H + �o�� OS �ݰ_�ӷ|��ê���Ǫ����ާ@�w�骺�{���A���O�إߺϺЪ��{�� + �A�u�n�b GUI ���ҤU�� DOS shell �N�|�ɭP�o�Ӱ��D�C + </enum> + + <p>�]���L���i���� Netscape �|�ɭP�U���Ұʳn�Ъ����D�A�]���p�G�A + �i�H�A�̦n�ϥΧO�ؤ��P�� FTP client �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ϩR�I�ڤ���q tape �w�ˡI</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�q tape �w�� 2.1.7�A�A�����ΨC�� tar blocksize �O 10 + (5120 bytes)�إ߳o�� tape�C���w�� tar blocksize �O 20(10240 + bytes)�A�M�ӥγo�ؤ��w�j�p�إߪ� tape �L�k�ΨӦw�� 2.1.7R�F + �p�G�A�γo�� tapes�A�A�|�ݨ즳����ưO���Ϥj�p�L�j�����T + ���C + + <sect1> + <heading>�Τ@�����p�u(PLIP)�s����x FreeBSD�C + </heading> + + <p>��@�� laplink �u�A�T�w����q�����֤߳��䴩 lpt �X�ʵ{���C + + <verb> + $ dmesg | grep lp + lpt0 at 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa + lpt0: Interrupt-driven port + lp0: TCP/IP capable interface + </verb> + + <p>�� laplink �u���J���p�ɭ��W�C + + <p>�� root �����b��x�q���W�]�w lp0 �������ɭ��ѼơC�|�ҡA�p�G + �A�Q�� max �s�� moritz�G + + <verb> + max <-----> moritz +IP Address 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 + </verb> + + max �����ӳo�˶}�l�G + <verb> + # ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 + </verb> + + moritz �h�o�ˡG + + <verb> + # ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 + </verb> + + <P>�n�F�I�]�ЧA�ݬ� lp(4) �M lpt(4) �� manpages�C + + <P>�A�]�ӧ�o�ǥD���[�� /etc/hosts �̭��C + + <verb> + 127.0.0.1 localhost.my.domain localhost + 10.0.0.1 max.my.domain max + 10.0.0.2 moritz.my.domain moritz + </verb> + + <P>�ΥH�U��k�ˬd�O�_�����`�ʧ@�G + + on max: + +<verb> +$ ifconfig lp0 +lp0: flags=8851<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 + inet 10.0.0.1 --> 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff000000 +</verb> + +<verb> +$ netstat -r +Routing tables + +Internet: +Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire +moritz max UH 4 127592 lp0 +</verb> + +<verb> +$ ping -c 4 moritz +PING moritz (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms + +--- moritz ping statistics --- +4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss +round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms +</verb> + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڥi�H�b�ڪ����W���q���� PLIP(Parallel Line IP)�w�˶ܡH + </heading> + + <p>�� laplink ���p�u�s����x�q���H�ϥγo�ӯS�ʡG + + <verb> + +----------------------------------------+ + |A-name A-End B-End Descr. Port/Bit | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA0 2 15 Data 0/0x01 | + |-ERROR 15 2 1/0x08 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA1 3 13 Data 0/0x02 | + |+SLCT 13 3 1/0x10 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA2 4 12 Data 0/0x04 | + |+PE 12 4 1/0x20 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA3 5 10 Strobe 0/0x08 | + |-ACK 10 5 1/0x40 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |DATA4 6 11 Data 0/0x10 | + |BUSY 11 6 1/0x80 | + +----------------------------------------+ + |GND 18-25 18-25 GND - | + +----------------------------------------+ + </verb> + + <p>�аѦ� Mobile Computing ������ <ref id="pao" name="this note">�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڸӫ��ϥΤ@�ӺϺи˸m���X��(geometry)�H + </heading> + + <p>(�@�x�ϺЪ�"gromrtry"�A�ڭ̫����O�o�x�ϺФW cylinders, heads + �M sectors/track ���ƥ� - ���F��K�B�٤��� C/H/S�C�o�O PC �� + BIOS �Ψ�Ū/�g�ϺЪ��̾�)�C + + <p>���F�Y�Dzz�ѡA�o���G�|�ɭP�ܦh�x�Z�C�����A�@�x SCSI �˸m�� + <tt /physical/ geometry �� FreeBSD �b�ϥΪ� disk blocks �O�� + ���L�����C�ƹ�W�A�èS���ҿ�"physical geometry"�o�تF��A�o + �O���Ϻо��W�ϰϱK�ת��ܤ� - �s�y�ӭn�D�O"�u�ꪺ"physical + geometry �q�`�O���A�L�̩ү��X���O�̤֪Ŷ��� geometry ���G�C + �� IDE �ϺШӻ��AFreeBSD �ϥ� C/H/S �覡�u�@�A���O�Ҧ��{�b + ���ϺФw�g�b�����⥦�ഫ���Ѧ� block �F�C + + <p>�t�~�N�O�ҿת�<tt /logical/ geometry - �o�O�� BIOS ��"�A�� + geometry �O����H"���ɭԡA�ұo�쪺���רåB�⥦�ΨӦs���ϺСC + ���}���� FreeBSD �ϥ� BIOS ��ơA���o�ӥ��T�O�۷����n���C�t�~ + �A�p�G�A�b�P�@�ӺϺо��W���@�ӥH�W���@�~�t�ΡA�L�̥������P�N + grometry�A�_�h�A�b�}���ɷ|���j���D�I + + <p>�� SCSI �Ϻо��ӻ��Ageometry ���ϥάO�̾a�Ұʱ���Ӥ䴩 + extended translation (�o�q�`�٤���"��>1GB DOS �Ϻо� + ���䴩��"�������٩I)�C�p�G���䴩�A����ϥ� N cylinders�A64 + heads �M 32 sectors/track�A�o��'N'�O���Ϻо��� MB �e�q�C�|�� + �ӻ��A�@�� 2GB ���Ϻо����Ӱ��]���� 2048 cylinders�A64 heads + �M 32 sectors/track�C + + <p>�p�G���T�w<tt /�O/ ���}��(�q�`���ѳo�ؤ�k�b MSDOS �U���Y�ǭ� + ��)�A�åB�ϺЮe�q�W�L 1GB�A�ϥ� M cylinders, �C�� track 63 sectors + (*�ӫD* 64)�A�H�� 255 heads�A�o�� 'M' �O�C MB ���ϺЮe�q���H + 7.844238 (!)�C�ҥH�ڭ̪��o�ӽd�ҡA2G �Ϻо��N�� 261 cylinders, + �C�� track 63 sectors �H�� 255 heads�C + + <p>�p�G�A���T�w�H�W�o�ӡA�άO FreeBSD �b�w�˹L�{���n���� geometry + �����T�ʮɥ��ѤF�A��²�檺�ѨM��k�q�`�O�b�ϺФW�إߤ@�Ӥp�� DOS + ���ΰϡC���T�� geometry ���ӯ�Q������]�ӥB�p�G�A���Q�O�d���A + �A�`�O�i�H�b���ΰϽs�边�̧�o�� DOS ���ΰϲ������A�άO�⥦�d�U + �ӡA���{���ƺ����d�ϥΩ��H�A�������Υ��^�C + + <p>�t�~�A���@�ӧK�O�Ӧ��Ϊ����ε{���s ``<tt/pfdisk.exe/'' �H�� + FreeBSD �����X�ӡ]��� FreeBSD CDROM �� <tt>tools</tt> �l�ؿ� + �U�άO�b�j�h�ƪ� FreeBSD ftp ���x���i���^�A�o�ӵ{���i�ΨӸ� + �M��X�t�@�@�~�t�Υ��b�ϥκϺо��W������ geometry�C�M��A�N�i + �H�b���ΰϽs�边�̭���J���C + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڤ��κϺо��꦳����ܡS</heading> + + <p>�O���C�A�����T�{�A�� root ���ΰϬO�b 1024 cylinders �����A�� + BIOS �i�H�q�䤤�Ұʮ֤ߡC(�`�N�G�o�O PC �� BIOS �\�୭��A�Ӥ� + �O FreeBSD ���^ + + <p>�� SCSI �˸m�ӻ��A�o�q�`���յ� root ���ΰϱN�|�B��}�l�� 1024 + MB(�άO�}�l�� 4096MB�A�p�G extended translation �O���}�� - �� + �Ѧҫe�@�`)�C�� IDE �ӻ��A�����������O 504MB�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �i�H�ϥκϺкz�{��(disk managers)�ܡS�άO�A�ڦ��@�ӥ��j���Ϻо��I + </heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �{�� Ontrack Disk Manager �åB���\�ϥΥ��A��L�� disk + managers �h���b�䴩���C�C + + <p>�p�G�A�u�Q�b�Ϻо��W�ϥ� FreeBSD ����A�ڥ����ݭn disk manager�C + �u�n��Ϻг]�w�� BIOS ���쪺�̤j�Ŷ�(�q�`�O 504 megabytes)�A���� + FreeBSD ���ӴN�i�H��X�A�ƹ�W�֦��h�֪Ŷ��C�p�G�A���ϥΤ@�� MFM + ����ӱ���ѺϺСA�A�i��ݭn���ժ��i�D FreeBSD �n�ϥΦh�֭� + cylinders�C + + <p>�p�G�A�Q�b�ϺФW�ϥ� FreeBSD �M�t�@�ӧ@�~�t�ΡA�A�i�ण�ݭn + disk manager�G�u�n�T�w FreeBSD ���Ұʤ��ΰϸ��L�@�~�t�Ϊ� + slice �����}�l�� 1024 cylinders ���C�p�G�A�۷��a�p�ߡA�@�� + 20 megabytes ���Ұʤ��ΰ����ӴN���F�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ڱҰ� FreeBSD�A�ڬݨ� ``Missing Operating System'' + <label id="missing_os"> + </heading> + + <p>�o�O�@�Ө嫬�����ΡA���� FreeBSD �H�� DOS �Ψ�L�b�ϺгB�z�� + ��k�W���Ĭ� OS <ref id="geometry" name="geometry.">�C�A�ݭn + ���s�w�� FreeBSD�A���O�п��ӤW���Ҵ��쪺���O���ӴN�i�H�F�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڬݤ��� boot manager �� 'F?' ���ܸ��C</heading> + + <p>�o�O�e�@���Ҵy�z���D���t�@�Ӽx���C�A�� BIOS geometry �M FreeBSD + �� geometry �]�w���ۦP�I�p�G�A������� BIOS �䴩 cylinders + translation (�q�`�Q�Хܦ�``>1GB drive support'')�A�յۧ�o�� + �]�w���}�M�᭫�s�w�� FreeBSD�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڦ� >16MB RAM�C�o�|�ɭP������D�ܡS<label id="bigram"> + </heading> + + <p>�q�į���רӬݡA���|�CFreeBSD 2.X ���t bounce buffers�A�o���\ + �A�� bus mastering controller �s���W�L 16MB�C(�`�N�p�G�A���ϥ� + ISA �˸m�o���ӬO���ݪ��A���ޤ@�өΨ�ӧ� EISA �M VLB �˸m�]�i + ��ݭn��)�C + + <p>�]�аѦ� <ref id="reallybigram" name=">64M machines"> + �o�`�A���p�A���o��h�O����A�ΰ��ϧA�ϥ� Compaq �άO��L��B�z + �o��h���ΰO���骺�����C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڻݭn�w�˧��㪺��l�{��(sources)�ܡS</heading> + + <p>�q�`�O���ݭn�C�M�ӡA�|�j�P��ij�A�̤֦w�� ``<tt/base/'' + source kit�A�o�]�t�ƭӳo��²��y�z�L���ɮסA�٦� ``<tt/sys/'' + (kernel) source kit�A�o�]�t�֤ߵ{������l�{���C�t�θ̭����� + �n����l�{���~��ާ@�A�M�ӡA���F kernel-configuration �{�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?config" + name="config">�H�~�C�ʤ֤֮ߪ���l�{���A�ڭ̪��ؿv�[�c�O�]�w + �����A�i�H�q�O�B�p NFS �ӱ��W�߿W����l�{���A�]���٬O�i�H�s + �@�s�� binaries�C�]�]�� kernel-source ������A�ڭ̫�ij�A���n + �����⥦���b <tt>/usr/src</tt> �U�A�̦n�ξA�X���Ÿ��ʭ��Ƴs + ���� source tree ���W�h�[�c�C�^ + + <p>�u�W�֦� sources �ê��D�p��إߤ@�Өt�ΡA�N�|���A�b�ɯŤ��� + FreeBSD �� releases ������e���@�I�C + + <p>�n��ڪ���� sources ���@�Ӥl���X�A�b�A�b�t�Φw�ˤu�㪺 + Distributions ���ɡA�ϥ� Custom ��涵�ءC<tt>src/install.sh</tt> + script �N�|�� sources distribution �������w�˶i�h�A�D�n�O�� + �A�ǤJ���ǰѼơC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڻݭn�إߤ@�Ӯ֤߶ܡS</heading> + + <p>�إߤ@�ӷs���֤ߦb FreeBSD �w�˹L�{���O���沈�ݪ��@�ӨB�J�C + ���s�� releases �a�Ӥ@�ӧ�͵����֤߳]�w�u����O���n�B�C�b + FreeBSD �Ұʴ��ܸ�(boot:)�ɡA�ϥ� "-c" �X���A�N�|�i�J�@�ӳ] + �w�ù��A�o���\�A���`�� ISA �d���]�w + + <p>���M��ij�A�̫�إߤ@�Ӯ֤ߡA�u�]�t�A�ݭn���X�ʵ{���A�o�O���F + �`�� RAM�A���O��j�h�ƪ��t�Ψӻ��o�o���O�Y�檺�n�D�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڤ��O���b����A���ڥi�H�ϥ� DES �ܡS</heading> + + <p>�p�G��A�ӻ��ϥ� DES �榡���[�K�N���O����ݭn���A�A�i�H�� + �� FreeBSD �����w�[�K�N�A��<bf/��n/ ���w���ʡA�åB�S���B�~ + ������CFreeBSD 2.0 ���K�X�{�b�ϥΤ��w�� <bf/MD5/-based �[�H + �V�X�A�n�Φ۰ʯ}�ѱK�X���{���h�}�ѥ��A��_ DES �ݭn��h�� CPU + �j�ƩʡA���٤��\������K�X�C���餣�ϥ� <bf/MD5/-based �[�K�� + �N���ߤ@�z�ѬO�b FreeBSD �M�D FreeBSD �t�ΤW�ϥάۦP���K�X�� + �ءC + + <p>�]�� DES �[�K�t��k����� US �X�k��X���~�A�D US �ϥΪ̤� + ���ӱq US FTP ���x�U���o�ӳn��(<tt/secrdist/�����@����)�C + + <p>�M�ӥt�~�٦��Ӧ��Ī� libcrypt�A��l�{���W�ѿD�w�� + David Burren �g���C�o�ӵ{���X�ثe�b�Y�ǫD US FreeBSD mirror + ���x�W�i�H���C�o�ӨS����� libcrypt ��l�{���A�H�ΨϥΥ� + �� binaries �{���A�i�H�b�H�U FTP ���x��o�G + + <descrip> + <tag/South Africa/ + <tt>ftp://ftp.internat.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD</tt><newline> + <tt>ftp://storm.sea.uct.ac.za/pub/FreeBSD</tt> + + <tag/Brazil/ + <tt>ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/FreeBSD</tt> + + <tag/Finland/ + <tt>ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD/eurocrypt</tt> + </descrip> + + <p>�D US �� <tt/securedist/ �i�H������� US <tt/securedist/ + ���������N�C�o�� <tt/securedist/ package �w�ˤ�k�� US + package �����@��(�� �аѦҦw�˶���)�C�p�G�A�n�� DES �[�K�k + �A�b�A�˨�L�n��e�A�A���Ӻɧ֧�L�ӡC�b�A�˨�L�n�餧�e�C + + <p>�D US �ϥΪ̽Фűq USA �U������[�K�n��C�o�|�ɭP���x���z + �̦]���Q�U�����n��S�W�ƭӪk�ߩʪ��x���C + + <p>�@�ӫD US �� Kerberos distribution �祿�b�o�i���A�{�檩���q + �i�ѰΦW FTP <tt>braae.ru.ac.za</tt> ����o�C + + <p>�]���@�� <ref id="mailing" name="mailing list"> �M���ΨӰQ�� + �D US �[�K�n��C����o��h��T�A�H�@�ʤ��t��W�@��T���� + ``<tt/help/'' �� email ���G + + <tt><majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za></tt>. + + <sect1> + <heading> + �Ұʳn�ж}�lŪ�F�i�O�o���b``Probing Devices...''�ù��C + </heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�w�ˤF IDE Zip �� Jaz �˸m�A�������í��s�դ@�M�C + �Ұʳn�Ф��i��|�Q�o�Ǹ˸m�V�c�F�C���t�Φw�˦n�H��A�i�H�A + �⥦���^�ӡC�Ʊ�o�b���᪺ release �����i�H�Q�ץ��C + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڦw�˦n���s�Ұʨt�Ϋ�A�ڬݨ�``panic: cant mount root'' + �����~�T���C + </heading> + + <p>�o�ӿ��~�զ]���Ұʰ϶���֤ߵ{����Ϻи˸m���{�����ۦP�C�q �o�� + ���~�|�X�{�b���ϺЪ� IDE �t�ΡA�w�бƦC�b master�A�άO�b������ + IDE �t�ΤW����@�ӺϺо��C���֤߫��w�ĤG�ӺϺб�����Ĥ@�ӺϺ� + �� wd2 �ɡA�Ұ� block �o�{���t�θ˦b wd1(�ĤG�� BIOS �Ϻо�)�C + �b�����˸m�ɡA�֤ߵ{���յۧ�Ұ� block �{�����ҰʺϺ�(wd1) mount + �_�ӡA�ƹ�W�o�O wd2�A�ҥH���ѤF�C + + <p>�n�ץ��o�Ӱ��D�A���H�U�X�ؤ�k���@�G + + <enum> + <item>�� Boot: ���ܸ��X�{�ɡA��J�G <tt>1:wd(2,a)kernel</tt> + �M��� Enter�C�p�G�t�ζ}�l�F�A�N����H�U�R�O�G +<verb> +echo "1:wd(2,a)kernel" > /boot.config +</verb> + �����ܦ����w�� boot string�C + <item>�� FreeBSD �Ϻо����� primary IDE controller�A�]���w�о��O + �s�C + <item><url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" name="Rebuild your kernel,"> + �ק靈�� wd �]�w����ơG + +<verb> +controller wdc0 at isa? port "IO_WD1" bio irq 14 vector wdintr +disk wd0 at wdc0 drive 0 +# disk wd1 at wdc0 drive 1 # comment out this line + +controller wdc1 at isa? port "IO_WD2" bio irq 15 vector wdintr +disk wd1 at wdc1 drive 0 # change from wd2 to wd1 +disk wd2 at wdc1 drive 1 # change from wd3 to wd2 +</verb> + + �w�˷s���֤ߵ{���C + �p�G�A���ʧA���Ϻо��A�çƱ����e���]�w��_�A�u�n��ϺХιw�� + ���]�w�m���^�ӵM�᭫�s�}���C�A���t�����ӴN�ন�\���ҰʡC + </enum> + + <sect1> + <heading>�O���骺����O����S</heading> + + <p>��O����ӻ��A(�z�פW)����O 4 gigabytes�C1 gigabytes �w�Q���� + �L�F�@��A���i��R��i�H�䴩�W�L�o�Ӽƥت� i386 PC�C + + <sect1> + <heading>ffs �ɮרt�Ϊ�����O����S</heading> + + <p>�� ffs filesystems �Ө��A�̤j�z�ȭ���b 8 terabytes(2G blocks + )�A�η��ϥΤ��w block�j�p�ɡA����O 16TB�C�٦��A�n�魭��O 1 + terabytes�A���p�G�O�g�L�ק諸�ɮרt�ΤW 4 terabytes �O�i��(�åB + �s�b)���C + + <p>��@ ffs �ɮת��j�p�̤j�O�ͪ� 1G blocks(4TB) - ���p block �j�p�O + 4K�C + +The maximum size of a single ffs file is approximately 1G blocks + (4TB) if the block size is 4K. + + <verb> + maxfilesize + ---------------------------------- + 2.2.7 3.0 +fs block size -stable -current works should-work +------------- ------- -------- ----- ----------- +4K 4T-1 4T-1 4T-1 4+T +8K 32+G 8T-1 32+G 16T-1 +16K 128+G 16T-1 128+G 32T-1 +32K 512+G 32T-1 512+G 64T-1 +64K 2048+G 64T-1 2048+G 128T-1 + </verb> + + <p>�� fs block �j�p�O 4K�Atriple indirect block �B�@�åB�Ҧ����Ʊ� + �����ӥH���ܦ��ϥ� triple indirect block ���̤j fs block �ӧ@�� + ��(����� 1K^3 + 1K^2 + 1K)�A���b fs block �ƥؤW�o���@��(���~) + �� 1G-1 ����C�� fs block �ƥت��������ӬO 2G-1�C�b fs block + �ƥر��� 2G-1 �ɦ��I���~�A���� fs block �j�p�O 4K �ɳo�� block + �ƥجO����F�쪺�C + + <p>block �j�p�p�G�O 8K �Χ�j�Afs block �ƥ����ӭ���b 2G-1�A���� + �� fs block �ƥثo����b 1G-1�A���F�b -stable �� triple indirect + blocks �O�L�k�F�쪺�A�ҥH�̦h fs block �ƥت�����i�H���ܦ��� + double indirect blocks(�����(blocksize/4)^2 + (blocksize/4)) + �A�B�b -current �U�W�L�o�ӭ���i��|�ɭP���D���͡C�ϥΥ��T�� + 2G-1 block ����T�|�ɭP���D�o�͡C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��b�n�ФW��J 1TB �ɮסH</heading> + + <p>�ڦۤv�N�b�n�Ф��W��n�X�� :-)�C�ɮת��̤j�e�q�ƹ�W��Ϻг̤j + ���e�q�èS���K�������C�ϺЪ��̤j�e�q�O 1TB�A�o�O�@���ɮפj�p�i + �H�W�L�ϺЮe�q���@�ӯS��C + + <p>�H�U�d�ҷ|�b�p�p�� root ���ΰϫإߤ@�Өϥξ�ӺϺЪ� 32K �Ŷ� + �A�j�p�O 8T-1 ���ɮ�(3 indirect blocks and 1 data block)�Cdd + ���O�ݭn�� dd ��b�@�Ӥj�ɮפU����C + +<verb> +ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> cat foo +df . +dd if=/dev/zero of=z bs=1 seek=`echo 2^43 - 2 | bc` count=1 +ls -l z +du z +df . +ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> sh foo +Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on +/dev/sd0a 64479 27702 31619 47% / +1+0 records in +1+0 records out +1 bytes transferred in 0.000187 secs (5346 bytes/sec) +-rw-r--r-- 1 bde bin 8796093022207 Sep 7 16:04 z +32 z +Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on +/dev/sd0a 64479 27734 31587 47% / +ttyv0:bde@alphplex:/tmp/q> exit +</verb> + +<p>Bruce Evans, September 1998 + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6b11845984 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/kernelconfig.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +<!-- $Id: kernelconfig.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by foxfair@FreeBSD.ORG --> +<!-- English Version: 1.2 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�֤߳]�w<label id="kernelconfig"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڷQ�ۭq�֤ߵ{���A�o�|�ܧx���ܡH + <label id="make-kernel"> + </heading> + + <p>���|�I�Ьd�\ <url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" + name="kernel config section of the Handbook">. + + <p><bf/�`�N�G/�ڷ|��ij�A�b�A���֤߯ॿ�`�u�@��A���@�� + <tt/kernel.YYMMDD/����Φ����ƥ��A�o�ˤU���p�G�A�ܤ��������a + �F�]�w�A�ܤ֥i�H���ݭn�ϥγ̭�l��<tt/kernel.GENERIC/�C���p�A + ���q�@�ӨS���b GENERIC kernel �̭��䴩������̱ҰʡA�o��o�S + �O���n(�S���A�o�O���̪��g��)�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڪ��֤ߦ]��<tt/_hw_float/�ӽsĶ���ѡC + </heading> + + <p>���ڲq�ݬݡA�A��<htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?npx(4)" name="npx0">�q�A + ���֤߳]�w�ɲ����F�A�]���A�S���ƾǹB�⾹�A��ܡH���F�I:-) �o�� + <tt/npx0/�O<bf/�����n����/�C�N��A�S���ƾǹB�⾹�A�A��<bf/����/ + �ޤJ<tt/npx0/�˸m�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�h����ǦC�X�����_�Ĭ�C</heading> + + <p><bf/Q./ ���ڽsĶ�@�Ӧh����ǦC�X���֤߮ɡA���i�D�ڥu���Ĥ@�ӳQ�� + ����A��L���h�]���_�Ĭ�Ӹ��L�F�A�ڸӫ��ץ����H + + <p><bf/A./ �o�Ӱ��D�O�]�� FreeBSD �ϥΤ��ص{���X�קK�]���w��γn��� + ��ɭP�֤ߵ{���L��Τj�εL�ΡC�n�ץ��o�ر��Ϊ���k�O���F�@�Ӱ�~�� + ��L�Ҧ��� IRQ �]�w�����O�d�C�o�̦��@�ӽd�ҡG + + <verb> + # + # Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS + # + device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr + device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr + device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr + device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڸӫ��Ұ� QIC-40/80 ���䴩�H</heading> + + <p>�A�ݭn�b�@��]�w�ɤ���H�U�o�檺���Ѩ���(�άO�⥦�[��A���]�w�� + )�A�b<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdc(4)" + name="fdc">�o��[�J``<tt/flags 0x1/''�M�᭫�s�sĶ�֤ߡC + + <verb> +controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 flags 0x1 vector fdintr +disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 ^^^^^^^^^ +disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 +#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + </verb> + + <p>���ۡA�A�i�H�b<tt>/dev</tt>�إߤ@�ӥs<tt>/dev/ft0</tt>���˸m + �M�����H�U�R�O�G + + <verb> + sh ./MAKEDEV ft0 + </verb> + + <p>�O���Ĥ@�Ӹ˸m�ϥΡC�P�z<tt/ft1/�O�ĤG�ӡA�H�������C + + <p>�A�N�|���ӥs<tt>/dev/ft0</tt>���˸m�A�i�H�z�L�@�ӯS�����{���s + ``<tt/ft/''���Ӻz�� - �Ь�<htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ft" name="ft"> + �� man page ����i�@�B�����C + + <p>������<tt/-current/�����t�Φb�B�z�a���ϱa�C��ɦ��ǰ��D�A�p�G�A + ��<tt/ft/���G�@����b�P�@�Ӱ�A���ձq<tt/-current/�̪� + <tt>/usr/src/sbin/ft</tt>��X�̷s����<tt/ft/�åB�լݬݡC + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3f9ac79e5d --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/misc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +<!-- $Id: misc.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by zmx@mail.CDPA.nsysu.edu.tw --> +<!-- English Version: 1.8 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�䥦�U���U�˪����D<label id="misc"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ƻ� FreeBSD �Ϊ� swap �Ŷ��� Linux �h? + </heading> + + <p>���O�o�˪�. �p�G�A���N��O: ``���ƻ�ڪ� swap �ݰ_�Ӻ��F?'' + ���O�]����F���b swap �̫᮳�^�Ӫ��t�|�� pager �g���ɮרt + �ή��^(���ק�)������X��. + + + <p>�ƹ�W, �O���餤 dirty pages ���q�å����; clean pages �h�b�� + �n���ɫᲾ��. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ƻ�n��(�ƻ�O) a.out �M ELF �����ɮ榡? + </heading> + + <p>�n�F�Ѭ��ƻ� FreeBSD �ϥ� <tt>a.out</tt> �榡, �����A�n���D�@�� + �ثe Unix ���ϥγ̼s�x���T�خ榡: + + <itemize> + <item><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" + name="a.out"> + + <p>�̦��M`�j��'�� unix �ت��ɮ榡. �ϥΤ@�صu�Ӻ�K�����Y, + ���H�@�ӳq�`�Ψӿ�{�榡���]�N�Ʀr(�Ѧ� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" + name="a.out(5)"> ����h�Ӹ`). �㦳�T�Ӹ`��: .text, .data, �M .bss + �[�W�@�ӲŸ����M�r���. + + <item><bf>COFF</bf> + <p>SVR3 �ت��ɮ榡. ���Y�]�t�F�@�Ӹ`�Ϫ�, �ҥH�i�H��Ƥ� + .text, .data, .bss �٦h���`��.</item> + + <item><bf>ELF</bf> + <p><tt/COFF/ �����~��, �㦳�h�Ӹ`�ϥH�� 32-bit �� 64-bit �� + possible values. �D�n�����I:<tt/ELF/ �O�b�C�Өt�ά[�c�u + �|���@�� ABI �����]�U�]�p�X�Ӫ�. �ƹ�W�o�Ӱ��]��������, + �Y�ϬO�ӷ~�� SYSV �@��, �]�ܤ֦� SVR4, Solaris, SCO �T�� ABI. + + <p>FreeBSD �ǥѤ@�Ӥu��, ��{���ݭn���� ABI ����T <em>�O�L</em> + �b <tt/ELF/ �����ɤW. + �Ѧ� man page + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?brandelf" + name="brandelf"> ���o��h��T. + </itemize> + + <p>FreeBSD �Ӧ� "�j��" �}��, �DzΤW���ϥ� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)" + name="a.out"> �榡, �o�O�b�n�X�N�� BSD ���ҩ��i�a���p�N. + ���M�i�H�b FreeBSD �W�i�H�إߥH�ΰ����ͪ� <tt/ELF/ ������( + �H�ή֤�), ��}�l FreeBSD �Ϲ��ഫ��H <tt/ELF/ �����w�]�� + �榡. ���ƻ�? ��. �� Linux �}�l�h�W�a�ഫ�� <tt/ELF/, �ëD�]�� + �n�k�� <tt/a.out/ �榡, �ӬO�]���L�̨S���u�ʪ�, �H���D������¦ + ���@�ɵ{���w����. ���O�@�ثD�`���H�ϥ�, �o�i�̤����w���F��. �J + �M�w�g�s�b�� <tt/ELF/ �u�㴣�ѤF�@�ɵ{���w���ѨM���, �ӥB�ݨ� + �O "�e�ê���k", �һݪ��N���N�i�����]���ഫ. + + <p>�b FreeBSD �����p��, �ڭ̪��@�ɵ{���w����� <tt>SunOS</tt> �� + ����, �]�N�O, ����ϥ�. + �M��, �q 3.0 �}�l, FreeBSD �����䴩 <tt/ELF/ ���w�]�榡. �Y�� + <tt/a.out/ �榡���M�D�`�n, �ڭ̽sĶ�u�㪺���g��, GNU ������, + �w����F��, <tt/a.out/ �榡���䴩. �o���ϧڭ̺��@�t�@�������� + compiler �M linker, �]�ϱo�ڭ̤���q�̷s�� GNU �o�i���G����o + �n�B. ���~�� ISO-C++ ���ݨD, �ר�O�غc�̩M�Ѻc��, �]�a�ʥ��� + �������� <tt/ELF/ ����ͤ䴩. + + <sect1> + <heading>�n�a, �����ƻ�|���o��h�ؤ��P���榡?</heading> + + <p>�b�·t���L�h, �u��²�檺�w��. ²�檺�w��䴩�p���B²�檺�t��. + a.out �b²�檺�t�ΤW�ӥ��r�� (PDP-11). �� unix ���Ө��L���x��, + a.out �O�d�F�U��, �]���玲���� Motorola 68K, VAX �������[�c�w�g + ���ΤF. + + <p>�M�ᦳ�ǵw��u�{�vı�o���n��h���I��, �� CPU ���q����N��� + �@�I�Ӷ]�����. �n�b�o�طs���w��W�u�@(�{�b�٬�RISC), <tt/a.out �N + ���A�X�F, �ҥH�ݦh���榡�N�o�i�X�ӥH���Ѥ�����B²�檺<tt/a.out �� + �n���į�. ���O <tt/COFF/, <tt/ECOFF/, �H�Τ@�Ǥ����W���榡, �C�@�� + ��������� <tt/ELF/. + + <p>���~, ���{���V�ӶV�j��Ϻ�(�H�ΥD�O����)�۹�ӻ����p��, �@�� + �{���w�������N�o�i�X�ӤF. �����O����t�Τ]�ܱo�V�ӶV�륩. ���C�@ + �ضi�B���b <tt/a.out/ �W������, �����i�Ωʤ]�V�ӶV�C. �t�~, �H�� + �٦��b����ɴ��i�H�ʺA���J, �άO������L����l�Ƶ{���H�`�ٰO�� + ��. �{���y���]�ܱo��륩�ӥB�H�̷Q�n�b�b main ���e����O���{���X + . �\�h�c�����ޥ��Φb <tt/a.out/ �W�H�ѨM�o�ǰ��D. <tt/a.out/ �n + �ѨM�o�ǰ��D�ݭn�V�ӶV�h�B�~���t��M������. �� <tt/ELF/ �������� + �M�o�ǰ��D, �q�W�i�H�u�@���t���ഫ�o�ܵh�W. �ҥH<tt/ELF/ �n + ������@ <tt/a.out/ ���ഫ�� <tt/ELF/ �ٵh�W. + + <p>�M��, �H�ۮɶ��L�h, FreeBSD �� build tools �Φ��F���檺��� + (�ר�O��Ķ���M loader). FreeBSD �o��[�i�F�@�ɵ{���w�H�έץ� + �F�@�ǿ��~. GNU ��Ӽ��g�o�ǵ{�����H�h���g�F�o�ǵ{��, �å[�J�F + ���x�sĶ, ���P�榡�Ҳդ������F���²�檺�䴩. �\�h�H�Q�n + ���X�H FreeBSD ���ت����x���x�sĶ��, �������O FreeBSD �� as + �M ld ���వ�o���u�@. �s�� GNU �u��(binutils) �[�J�F�x�sĶ�B + <tt/ELF/�B�@�ɵ{���w�BC++ �X�R, ����. ���~, �\�h�t�ӥH <tt/ELF/ �� + ���o�沣�~, �ӯ���b FreeBSD �W�]���ܷ��M�ܦn. �ӥB�p�G��] <tt/ELF/ + �榡��������, ���ƻ��٭n�z <tt/a.out/ ? �e�O�@�ǤS�֤S�Ѫ���, �L + �h�D�`����, ���O�ɫ����e�h��F. + + <p><tt/ELF/ �� a.out ���������F�O(expressive?)�ӥB�㦳��h�� + �X�R��. <tt/ELF/ �u����@������n, �ӥB���Ѹx�sĶ���䴩, + �o��\�h�H�ӻ��O�ܭ��n��. <tt/ELF/ �i��� a.out �C�@�I, ���t�� + �D�`�����q�X��. �o��̤����٦��\�h�Ӹ`�W�����P, �Ҧp���������� + �覡, ��l�Ƶ{���X���@�k����. �o�Ǩä��O�ܭ��n, ���N�O���P. �b + �H�� GENERIC �֤ߤ��|��D <tt/a.out/ , �����b������Dz� <tt/a.out/ + �{�����ݭn��, �|�q�֤߲���. + + <sect1> + <heading>���ƻ� chmod ���|���ܲŸ��s��(symlink)���s���v��?</heading> + + <p>�A������ ``<tt/-H/'' �άO ``<tt/-L/'' �P ``<tt/-R/'' �ﶵ�@�_�ϥ�. + �Ѧ�<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" + name="chmod"> + ��<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?symlink" + name="symlink"> man pages �H���o��h��T. + + <p><bf/ĵ�i/ ``<tt/-R/'' �ﶵ�|�� <tt/chmod/ ��<bf/���j/. ���w�ؿ� + �άO�s����ؿ��� symlink �ɭn�p��. �p�G�A�n���ܤ@�ӲŸ��s���ѦҨ� + ���ؿ����s���v��, �ϥ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> �B���n + �[����ﶵ, �åB�b symlink �������[�W�u(``<tt>/</tt>''). �|�Ҩӻ� + , �p�G ``<tt/foo/'' �s���� ``<tt/bar/'', �ӧA�n��� ``<tt/foo/'' �� + �v�� (�ƹ�W�O ``<tt/bar/''), ���N��: + + + <verb> + chmod 555 foo/ + </verb> + + <p>�̷ӵ������u, <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod" name="chmod"> �| + �g�L�s�� ``<tt/foo/'', �ӧ��� ``<tt/bar/'' �ؿ����v��. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���ƻ�b�� <bf/���M/ ����K�Ӧr��? + </heading> + + <p>�A�|�{���ק� <bf/UT_NAMESIZE/ �M�᭫�بt�άO��²�檺�Ʊ�, �ӥB + �C��Ƴ��i�H�B���a�ܦn. �������O���\�h���{���M�u��(�]�t�t�Τu��) + ��Ʀr�g���b�{����(�ëD�`�O 8 �� 9, ���ɬO�j�Ǫ��p 15 �M 20). + �o���u�|��A���O���ɧ��a(�Ӧ۩��ܰʪ��שM�T�w���װO�����t��), �] + �|�}�a Sun �� NIS �Ȥ�ݪ��B��, �M�䥦 UNIX �t�Ϊ����ۼv�T�]�i�� + ����b�����D. + + <p>�b FreeBSD 3.0 �H�Τ��᪺����, �b�����̤j���W�[��16�Ӧr��, + �Ө��Ǽg�����ת��{���]��X�ӭץ�. �v�T��t�Φp���h�������O���� + 3.0 �~���ק諸��].</p> + + <p>�p�G�A���۫H�b�X���D���ɫ��ۦ�ѨM, �A�i�H�ΤU������k�������� + �����䴩�������b��. �ק� /usr/include/utmp.h ���� UT_NAMESIZE. �A�] + ������ /usr/include/sys/param.h ���� MAXLOGNAME �令�� UT_NAMESIZE + �۲�. �̫�, �p�G�A�O�q��l�{���إߨt��, �O�ѤF /usr/include �C���� + �|��s! �ק� /usr/src/.. ���A�����ɮ�. </p> + + <sect1> + <heading>�گ�b FreeBSD �U�] DOS �{����?</heading> + + <p>�O��, �q 3.0 ���}�l�i�H�ϥΤw�g��X�å[�j�� BSDI <tt/rundos/ + DOS ������. �p�G�A�̳o�ӪF�観����, �e�ʫH�� + <url url="mailto:freebsd-emulation@freebsd.org" + name="The FreeBSD emulation discussion list"> + + <p>�� 3.0 ���e���t��, �b port �����@�ӷ��Ϊ��u��{�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^pcemu" name="pcemu"> + �i�H���� 8088 �M������ BIOS �A�ȥH���� DOS ��r�Ҧ��{��. �����n X Window + System (�� XFree86 ����). + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ƻ�O ``<tt/sup/'', �p��ϥ�? + </heading> + + <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^sup" name="SUP"> + �N��O Software Update Protocol, �� CMU �o�i�H�����o�i���P�B. + �ڭ̧Q�ΥL�ӫO�����ݪ����x�M��l���x�P�B. + + <p>SUP ���W�e���ϥΤ��͵�, �ӥB�w���F. �ثe��ij������l�X��s����k�O + <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="Handbook entry on CVSup"> + + + <sect1> + <heading>How cool is FreeBSD?</heading> + + <p>��: ���H���L FreeBSD ����ɪ��ū״��ն�? �ڪ��D Linux �� DOS �D, + ���Sť�H���L FreeBSD. ���G�ܼ�. + + <p>A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded + volunteers who have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 + administered beforehand. 35% of the volunteers said that FreeBSD + tasted sort of orange, whereas Linux tasted like purple haze. + Neither group mentioned any particular variances in temperature + that I can remember. We eventually had to throw the results of + this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too many + volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus + skewing the results. I think most of the volunteers are at Apple + now, working on their new ``scratch and sniff'' GUI. It's a + funny old business we're in! + + <p>���}�����F, FreeBSD �M Linux ���ϥ� ``<tt/HLT/'' (hald) ���O + �H�b�t�ζ��m�ɭ��C�q�O���ϥΤ]��֤F��������. �p�G���]�w APM + (automatic power management), FreeBSD �]�i�H�� CPU �i�J�C�q�O + �Ҧ�. + + <sect1> + <heading>�֦b�ڪ��O���鴡�Ѥ��F�F�@�T??</heading> + + <p>��: FreeBSD �sĶ�֤߮ɦ����ƻ� "�_�S" �������OĶ��F�F�@�T��? + ���sĶ��(�٦��}���ɽT�{�n�Ы᪺�u�Ȯɶ�), �]�ئ��G�Ӧ۰O���鴡�� + ���_���n��. + + <p>��; �O��! �b BSD ����A�|�`�`�ݨ� ``�I���F'', �j�������H + �������D���O�@�ع�ڦs�b���믫�� --- �x���ۧA���q��. �Ať�쪺�n�� + �O�o�ǭI���F�H�����f��b���q��˰��\�h���t�κz�u�@. + + <p>�p�G�o���n���ܧx�Z�A, �Ӧ� DOS �� ``<tt>fdisk /mbr</tt>'' �N + ���\��, ���p�G���ۤϪ��ĪG�]���n��Y. �ƹ�W, �p�G�b������ť�� + Bill Gates ���ƪ��n���q���ت���z�Ǩ�, ���W�k�ӥB���n�^�Y! + �q BSD �I���F�����Ū��v�T���ѩ�, DOS �M Windows �I���F�q�`���� + ���s�����x�����ù�A���F��A�G. �p�G�����, �ڷQ�ڹ��@�ߺD�_ + �Ǫ��n��. + + <sect1> + <heading>MFC �O�ƻ�N��?</heading> + + <p>MFC �O 'Merged From -CURRENT' ���Y�g. �ϥΦb CVS �O�����H + ���ܱq CURRENT ����X�i STABLE ���䪺����. + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8cbbaa5ac9 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/network.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,1158 @@ +<!-- $Id: network.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by wing@cc.nsysu.edu.tw --> +<!-- English Version: 1.18 --> + + <sect> + <heading>Networking<label id="networking"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�����Ө����䦳���L�Ϻж}�� (diskless booting) �����?</heading> + + <p>�L�Ϻж}���N�O�� FreeBSD �D���q�����W�}��,�åB�q�����W�� server �WŪ�� + ��L���n���ɮ�,�ӫD�ѥD�����w�ФW���o�o���ɮסC �ԲӪ���ƥi�H�Ѧ� + its hard disk. For full details, please read + <url url="../handbook/diskless.html" + name="FreeBSD ��U���L�Ϻж}���g"> + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD ���D���i�H���@�Y�Ӻ����W�����Ѿ� (router) �� ? + </heading> + + <p>�ѩ���ں������зǤƩM�{���]�p���R���g�礧��,�ڭ� + ����b FreeBSD �t�Τ��ثʥ]��� (packet fowarding) ���\��C�A�i�H + �N�o�ӥ\�ॴ�},�u�n�N�o���ܼƳ]�w�� + <tt/YES/ �b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" + name="rc.conf">�o���ɮפ� + + <verb> + gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway + </verb> + + <p>�o�ӿﶵ�|�N <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl" name="sysctl"> �ܼƳ]�w + <tt/net.inet.ip.forwarding/ �� <tt/1/. + + <p>�b�j���������p�U, �A�٥����A�]�@�ӳB�z routing ���{��,�i�D�����W����L + �D������A�� router �]�w�����; FreeBSD + �X�t�ɫK�����@�ӼзǪ� BSD routing �{�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?routed" + name="routed">, �p�G�A�������]�w����,�A�i�H�ոլ� + <em/GaTeD/ (�i�H�H FTP �覡�� <tt/ftp.gated.Merit.EDU/ �U��) + �o�ӵ{���� 3_5Alpha7 ��䴩 FreeBSD . + + <p>�ڭ̦����n�i�D�A,�N��O FreeBSD �H�o�ؤ覡�]�w���� + , ���٬O�L�k�������� Internet �� router ���зǩw�q + ;���L, �N��`�ϥΦӨ����w�g�������I�ϥΪ̪��ݨD�F�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�z�L FreeBSD �N�ڪ� Win95 �����s�W Internet ��?</heading> + + <p>�W, �|�ݳo�ذ��D���H�b�a�̦ܤ֦���x�q��, �@�x�] FreeBSD + �t�~�@�x�] Win95; �o�ӥD�N�O�N FreeBSD �D���s�W Internet + ,�M��z�L�o�x FreeBSD �D��,���] Win95 ���q������W���C + �o�Ӱ��D��O�e�@�Ӱ��D���@�ӯS�ҡC + + <p>�o�䦳���n�����,�ЧA���� FreeBSD ���D���]�w�� + <url url="http://www.ssimicro.com/~jeremyc/ppp.html" + name="PPP Dialup Router"> + + <p><bf/�`�N:/ �b�o�ت��p�U�A�ܤ֭n����ӥH�W���T�w IP addresses + , ���ɬO�T�ӥH�W�Χ�h�� IP �P�ɨϥ�, ���A���ݨD�өw�C + �p�G�A�S���T�w�� IP �i�H�ϥ�,�A�i�H�Ҽ{�ϥ� private IP + �l����,�æw�� <bf/proxies/ �Ҧp + <url url="http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/" name="SQUID"> �άO + <url url="http://www.tis.com/" name="the TIS firewall toolkit"> + �b�A�� FreeBSD �D���W�C + + <p>�t�~�i�H�Ѧ� <ref id="natd">. + + <sect1> + <heading> + ������ڦb compile ISC �̷s���� BIND �{���ɦѬO����? + </heading> + + <p>�b ``<tt/cdefs.h/'' �ɮפ����w�q�P FreeBSD �t�Τ����� + ���ɮשw�q���ҽĬ�C������ + <tt>compat/include/sys/cdefs.h</tt> �屼�N�i�H�F�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �䴩 SLIP �M PPP ��?</heading> + + <p>�O���C �A�i�H�d�d man pages ������ + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach" + name="slattach">, <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" name="sliplogin">, + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppd" name="pppd"> �H�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> ������. + <tt/pppd/ �M <tt/ppp/ �����Ѽ��i�μ��X���\��C + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sliplogin" + name="Sliplogin"> �M���B�z�������J���\��,�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?slattach" + name="slattach"> �B�z�������X���\��C + + <p>�o�ǵ{�����ԲӪ�����,�A�i�H�b + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="handbook">�����: + + <itemize> + <item><url url="../handbook/slips.html" + name="SLIP (server ��) ������"> + + <item><url url="../handbook/slipc.html" + name="SLIP (client ��) ������"> + + <item><url url="../handbook/ppp.html" + name="PPP (kernel �Ҧ�) ������"> + + <item><url url="../handbook/userppp.html" + name="PPP (�ϥΪ̼Ҧ�) ������"> + </itemize> + + <p>�p�G�A�u���ǥ�"shell account"���覡�W������, + �A�i��|�Q�ݬ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^slirp" name="slirp"> + �o�ӳn��C ���i�H���A���q�������s�W (�Y��) �A��, + �Ҧp ftp �M http �����C + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD �䴩 NAT �� Masquerading ��?<label id="natd"> + </heading> + + <p>�p�G�A���@�Ӫ�ݪ��l����(���@�x�H�W������), ���O�A�� Internet provider + �o�u���t�@�� IP number ���A + (�Ϊ̧A�u���t��@�ӰʺA�� IP number), �A�i�H�Ѧ� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?natd" name="natd"> + �o�ӵ{���C <tt/Natd/ ���A�i�H�z�L�o�@�� IP number ����Ӥl�������q������ + �s�W internet �C + + <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" + name="ppp"> �o�ӵ{���]�����������\�� , �p�G�A�U + <tt/-alias/ �o�ӿﶵ���ܡC <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="alias library"> + �b�o��ӳB�z�覡�����|�Q�ϥΨ�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڤ���ϥ� ppp ,�ڰ����F����� ?<label id="userppp"> + </heading> + + <p>�A���ӥ��ݬ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp man page"> �M + <url url="../handbook/userppp.html" + name="ppp �ϥλ���">. �ϥΥH�U���O�ӥ��}�O�� (logging) ���\�� + + <verb> + set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command + </verb> + + <p>�o�өR�O�i�H�b <bf/ppp/ command prompt �Ϊ̬O�b + <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</tt> �պA�ɮפ��[�J�C + (�[�b <bf>default</bf> section ���}�Y�̦n). + �T�w�b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?syslog.conf" + name="/etc/syslog.conf"> �̭����o��@��: + + <verb> + !ppp + *.* /var/log/ppp.log + </verb> + + <p>�ӥB<tt>/var/log/ppp.log</tt> �o���ɮצs�b�C �p���@�� + �A�i�H�q log �ɮפ����D�쩳�o�ͤF����Ʊ��C + �����ξ���ɮת����e�A�ݤ���, �p�G�A�n�V�H�D�Ϫ��� + , �ϧA���H�|�ݱo�����C + + <p>�p�G�A�t�ΤW������ ppp ������ "set log" + �����O����, �A���ӥh�U�� + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~brian" name="�̷s����">. + �o�Ӫ����b FreeBSD 2.1.5 �H�W���������i�H�ϥΡC + + <sect2> + <heading>�ڤ@���� ppp ,���N���b���䤣�ʤF</heading> + + <p>�|�o�ͳo�ر��γq�`�O�A�� hostname �S����k�ѥX�ӡC �ѨM�o�Ӱ��D + �̦n����k�O�T�w <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> �|�Q�A�� resolver �Ĥ@�ӰѦҨ�C + �A�i�H�ק�<tt>/etc/host.conf</tt> + �åB��<tt>hosts</tt> ���̫e��. ����, �u�n��A�������W�٩�� + <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> �̭��N�i�H�F�C �p�G�A�S�� + local network ����, �ק� <tt>localhost</tt> �o�@��: + + <verb> +127.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo localhost + </verb> + + �_�h, �N��A�D������T�[�J�ɮפ��C �A�i�H�Ѧ� + ������ man pages �H��o�i�@�B����T�C + <p>�p�G�A���Q�������o�ǰʧ@, �A���ӥi�H���\������ <tt>ping -c1 `hostname`</tt> + . + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp �b -auto �Ҧ��U���༷��</heading> + + <p>�����T�w�A�����w���� (default route) �O�_���]�w�C �U <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat"> + name="netstat -rn"> �o�ӫ��O, �A���ӯ���ݨ�p�H�U�d�Ҫ���� entries : + + <verb> +Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire +default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 +10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0 + </verb> + + <p>This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the + handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file. + If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're + running an old version of <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" + name="ppp"> that doesn't understand the + word <tt/HISADDR/ in the ppp.conf file. If your version of + <bf/ppp/ is from before FreeBSD 2.2.5, change the + + <verb> + add 0 0 HISADDR + </verb> + + <p>line to one saying + + <verb> + add 0 0 10.0.0.2 + </verb> + + <p>Another reason for the default route line being missing is that + you have mistakenly set up a default router in your + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" + name="/etc/rc.conf"> file (this file was called + <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> prior to release 2.2.2), and you have + omitted the line saying + + <verb> + delete ALL + </verb> + + <p>from <tt>ppp.conf</tt>. If this is the case, go back to the + <url url="../handbook/userppp:final.html" + name="Final system configuration"> section of the handbook. + + <sect2> + <heading>What does "No route to host" mean</heading> + + <p>This error is usually due to a missing + + <verb> + MYADDR: + delete ALL + add 0 0 HISADDR + </verb> + + <p>section in your <tt>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</tt> file. This is + only necessary if you have a dynamic IP address or don't know the + address of your gateway. If you're using interactive mode, you can + type the following after entering <tt/packet mode/ (packet mode is + indicated by the capitalized <bf/PPP/ in the prompt): + + <verb> + delete ALL + add 0 0 HISADDR + </verb> + + <p>Refer to the <url url="../handbook/userppp:dynamicIP.html" + name="PPP and Dynamic IP addresses"> section of the handbook + for further details. + + <sect2> + <heading>My connection drops after about 3 minutes</heading> + + <p>The default ppp timeout is 3 minutes. This can be adjusted + with the line + + <verb> + set timeout NNN + </verb> + + <p>where <bf/NNN/ is the number of seconds of inactivity before the + connection is closed. If <bf/NNN/ is zero, the connection is + never closed due to a timeout. It is possible to put this command in + the <tt>ppp.conf</tt> file, or to type it at the prompt in + interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while + the line is active by connecting to <bf/ppp/s server socket using + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet" name="telnet"> + or <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl" + name="pppctl">. Refer to the + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> man + page for further details. + + <sect2> + <heading>My connection drops under heavy load</heading> + + <p>If you have Link Quality Reporting (LQR) configured, it is + possible that too many LQR packets are lost between your + machine and the peer. Ppp deduces that the line must therefore + be bad, and disconnects. Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, + LQR was enabled by default. It is now disabled by default. + LQR can be disabled with the line + + <verb> + disable lqr + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>My connection drops after a random amount of time</heading> + + <p>Sometimes, on a noisy phone line or even on a line with + call waiting enabled, your modem may hang up because it + thinks (incorrectly) that it lost carrier. + + <p>There's a setting on most modems for determining how tolerant + it should be to temporary losses of carrier. On a USR + Sportster for example, this is measured by the S10 register in + tenths of a second. To make your modem more forgiving, you could + add the following send-expect sequence to your dial string: + + <verb> + set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......" + </verb> + + <p>Refer to your modem manual for details. + + <sect2> + <heading>Nothing happens after the Login OK! message</heading> + + <p>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was established, + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" + name="ppp"> would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control + Protocol (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and + expect the client to do so. To force <bf/ppp/ to initiate + the LCP, use the following line: + + <verb> + set openmode active + </verb> + + <p><bf/Note/: It usually does no harm if both sides initiate + negotiation, so openmode is now active by default. However, + the next section explains when it <bf/does/ do some harm. + + <sect2> + <heading>I keep seeing errors about magic being the same</heading> + + <p>Occasionally, just after connecting, you may see messages in + the log that say "magic is the same". Sometimes, these + messages are harmless, and sometimes one side or the other + exits. Most ppp implementations cannot survive this problem, and + even if the link seems to come up, you'll see repeated configure + requests and configure acknowledgements in the log file until + ppp eventually gives up and closes the connection. + + <p>This normally happens on server machines with slow disks that + are spawning a getty on the port, and executing ppp from a + login script or program after login. I've also heard reports + of it happening consistently when using slirp. The reason is + that in the time taken between getty exiting and ppp starting, the + client-side ppp starts sending Line Control Protocol (LCP) + packets. Because ECHO is still switched on for the port on + the server, the client ppp sees these packets "reflect" back. + + <p>One part of the LCP negotiation is to establish a magic number + for each side of the link so that "reflections" can be detected. + The protocol says that when the peer tries to negotiate + the same magic number, a NAK should be sent and a new magic + number should be chosen. During the period that the server + port has ECHO turned on, the client ppp sends LCP packets, + sees the same magic in the reflected packet and NAKs it. It + also sees the NAK reflect (which also means ppp must change + its magic). This produces a potentially enormous number of + magic number changes, all of which are happily piling into + the server's tty buffer. As soon as ppp starts on the server, + it's flooded with magic number changes and almost immediately + decides it's tried enough to negotiate LCP and gives up. + Meanwhile, the client, who no longer sees the reflections, + becomes happy just in time to see a hangup from the server. + + <p>This can be avoided by allowing the peer to start negotiating + with the following line in your ppp.conf file: + + <verb> + set openmode passive + </verb> + + <p>This tells ppp to wait for the server to initiate LCP + negotiations. Some servers however may never initiate negotiations. + If this is the case, you can do something like: + + <verb> + set openmode active 3 + </verb> + + <p>This tells ppp to be passive for 3 seconds, and then to start + sending LCP requests. If the peer starts sending requests during + this period, ppp will immediately respond rather than waiting for + the full 3 second period. + + <sect2> + <heading> + LCP negotiations continue 'till the connection is closed + </heading> + + <p>There is currently an implementation mis-feature in <bf/ppp/ + where it doesn't associate LCP, CCP & IPCP responses with + their original requests. As a result, if one <bf/ppp/ + implementation is more than 6 seconds slower than the other side, + the other side will send two additional LCP configuration requests. + This is fatal. + + Consider two implementations, <bf/A/ and <bf/B/. <bf/A/ starts + sending LCP requests immediately after connecting and <bf/B/ takes + 7 seconds to start. When <bf/B/ starts, <bf/A/ has sent 3 LCP + REQs. We're assuming the line has ECHO switched off, otherwise + we'd see magic number problems as described in the previous section. + <bf/B/ sends a REQ, then an ACK to the first of <bf/A/'s REQs. + This results in <bf/A/ entering the <bf/OPENED/ state and sending + and ACK (the first) back to <bf/B/. In the meantime, <bf/B/ sends + back two more ACKs in response to the two additional REQs sent by + <bf/A/ before <bf/B/ started up. <bf/B/ then receives the first + ACK from <bf/A/ and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. <bf/A/ receives + the second ACK from <bf/B/ and goes back to the <bf/REQ-SENT/ state, + sending another (forth) REQ as per the RFC. It then receives the + third ACK and enters the <bf/OPENED/ state. In the meantime, + <bf/B/ receives the forth REQ from <bf/A/, resulting in it reverting + to the <bf/ACK-SENT/ state and sending another (second) REQ and + (forth) ACK as per the RFC. <bf/A/ gets the REQ, goes into + <bf/REQ-SENT/ and sends another REQ. It immediately receives the + following ACK and enters <bf/OPENED/. + + <p>This goes on 'till one side figures out that they're getting + nowhere and gives up. + + <p>The best way to avoid this is to configure one side to be + <bf/passive/ - that is, make one side wait for the other to start + negotiating. This can be done with the + + <verb> + set openmode passive + </verb> + + command. Care should be taken with this option. You should also + use the + + <verb> + set stopped N + </verb> + + command to limit the amount of time that <bf/ppp/ waits for the peer + to begin negotiations. Alternatively, the + + <verb> + set openmode active N + </verb> + + command (where <bf/N/ is the number of seconds to wait before + starting negotiations) can be used. Check the manual page for + details. + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp locks up shortly after connecting</heading> + + <p>Prior to version 2.2.5 of FreeBSD, it was possible that your + link was disabled shortly after connection due to <bf/ppp/ + mis-handling Predictor1 compression negotiation. This would + only happen if both sides tried to negotiate different + Compression Control Protocols (CCP). This problem is now + corrected, but if you're still running an old version of + <bf/ppp/, the problem can be circumvented with the line + + <verb> + disable pred1 + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp locks up when I shell out to test it</heading> + + <p>When you execute the <tt/shell/ or <tt/!/ command, <bf/ppp/ + executes a shell (or if you've passed any arguements, <bf/ppp/ + will execute those arguements). Ppp will wait for the command + to complete before continuing. If you attempt to use the + ppp link while running the command, the link will appear to have + frozen. This is because <bf/ppp/ is waiting for the command + to complete. + + <p>If you wish to execute commands like this, use the + <tt/!bg/ command instead. This will execute the given command + in the background, and ppp can continue to service the link. + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp over a null-modem cable never exits</heading> + + <p>There is no way for <bf/ppp/ to automatically determine that + a direct connection has been dropped. This is due to the + lines that are used in a null-modem serial cable. When using + this sort of connection, LQR should always be enabled with + the line + + <verb> + enable lqr + </verb> + + <p>LQR is accepted by default if negotiated by the peer. + + <sect2> + <heading>Why does ppp dial for no reason in -auto mode</heading> + + <p>If <bf/ppp/ is dialing unexpectedly, you must determine the + cause, and set up Dial filters (dfilters) to prevent such dialing. + + <p>To determine the cause, use the following line: + + <verb> + set log +tcp/ip + </verb> + + <p>This will log all traffic through the connection. The next + time the line comes up unexpectedly, you will see the reason + logged with a convenient timestamp next to it. + + <p>You can now disable dialing under these circumstances. Usually, + this sort of problem arises due to DNS lookups. To prevent + DNS lookups from establishing a connection (this will <bf/not/ + prevent <bf/ppp/ from passing the packets through an established + connection), use the following: + + <verb> + set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53 + set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53 + set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0 + </verb> + + <p>This is not always suitable, as it will effectively break your + demand-dial capabilities - most programs will need a DNS lookup + before doing any other network related things. + + <p>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is actually + trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail" + name="sendmail"> is the culprit. You should make sure that you tell + sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See + the section on <ref id="ispmail" name="Mail Configuration"> for + details on how to create your own configuration file and what should + go into it. You may also want to add the following line to your + <bf/.mc/ file: + + <verb> + define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl + </verb> + + <p>This will make sendmail queue everything until the queue is + run (usually, sendmail is invoked with ``-bd -q30m'', telling it + to run the queue every 30 minutes) or until a ``sendmail -q'' + is done (perhaps from your ppp.linkup file). + + <sect2> + <heading>What do these CCP errors mean</heading> + + <p>I keep seeing the following errors in my log file: + + <verb> + CCP: CcpSendConfigReq + CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6) + </verb> + + <p>This is because ppp is trying to negotiate Predictor1 + compression, and the peer does not want to negotiate any + compression at all. The messages are harmless, but if you + wish to remove them, you can disable Predictor1 compression + locally too: + + <verb> + disable pred1 + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp locks up during file transfers with IO errors</heading> + + <p>Under FreeBSD 2.2.2 and before, there was a bug in the tun + driver that prevents incoming packets of a size larger than + the tun interface's MTU size. Receipt of a packet greater than + the MTU size results in an IO error being logged via syslogd. + + <p>The ppp specification says that an MRU of 1500 should + <bf>always</bf> be accepted as a minimum, despite any LCP + negotiations, therefore it is possible that should you decrease + the MTU to less than 1500, your ISP will transmit packets of + 1500 regardless, and you will tickle this non-feature - locking + up your link. + + <p>The problem can be circumvented by never setting an MTU of + less than 1500 under FreeBSD 2.2.2 or before. + + <sect2> + <heading>Why doesn't ppp log my connection speed?</heading> + + <p>In order to log all lines of your modem ``conversation'', + you must enable the following: + + <verb> + set log +connect + </verb> + + <p>This will make + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp" name="ppp"> + log everything up until the last requested "expect" string. + + <p>If you wish to see your connect speed and are using PAP or CHAP + (and therefore don't have anything to "chat" after the CONNECT + in the dial script - no "set login" script), you must make sure that + you instruct ppp to "expect" the whole CONNECT line, something like + this: + + <verb> + set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n" + </verb> + + <p>Here, we get our CONNECT, send nothing, then expect a line-feed, + forcing <bf/ppp/ to read the whole CONNECT response. + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp ignores the `\' character in my chat script</heading> + + <p>Ppp parses each line in your config files so that it can + interpret strings such as <tt/set phone "123 456 789"/ correctly + (and realize that the number is actually only <bf/one/ argument. + In order to specify a ``"'' character, you must escape it using + a backslash (``\''). + + <p>When the chat interpreter parses each argument, it re-interprets + the argument in order to find any special escape sequences such + as ``\P'' or ``\T'' (see the man page). As a result of this + double-parsing, you must remember to use the correct number of + escapes. + + <p>If you wish to actually send a ``\'' character to (say) your + modem, you'd need something like: + + <verb> + set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK" + </verb> + + <p>resulting in the following sequence: + + <verb> + ATZ + OK + AT\X + OK + </verb> + + <p>or + + <verb> + set phone 1234567 + set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T" + </verb> + + <p>resulting in the following sequence: + + <verb> + ATZ + OK + ATDT1234567 + </verb> + + <sect2> + <heading>Ppp gets a seg-fault, but I see no <tt/ppp.core/ file</heading> + + <p>Ppp (or any other program for that matter) should never + dump core. Because ppp runs with an effective user id of 0, + the operating system will not write ppps core image to disk + before terminating it. If, however ppp <bf/is/ actually + termating due to a segmentation violation or some other + signal that normally causes core to be dumped, <bf/and/ you're + sure you're using the latest version (see the start of this + section), then you should do the following: + + <verb> + $ tar xfz ppp-*.src.tar.gz + $ cd ppp*/ppp + $ echo STRIP= >>Makefile + $ echo CFLAGS+=-g >>Makefile + $ make clean all + $ su + # make install + # chmod 555 /usr/sbin/ppp + </verb> + + <p>You will now have a debuggable version of ppp installed. You + will have to be root to run ppp as all of its privileges have + been revoked. When you start ppp, take a careful note of what + your current directory was at the time. + + <p>Now, if and when ppp receives the segmentation violation, it + will dump a core file called ppp.core. You should then do the + following: + + <verb> + $ su + # gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core + (gdb) bt + ..... + (gdb) f 0 + ..... + (gdb) i args + ..... + (gdb) l + ..... + </verb> + + <p>All of this information should be given alongside your + question, making it possible to diagnose the problem. + <p>If you're familiar with gdb, you may wish to find out some + other bits and pieces such as what actually caused the dump and + the addresses & values of the relevant variables. + + <sect2> + <heading> + The process that forces a dial in auto mode never connects + </heading> + + <p>This was a known problem with <bf/ppp/ set up to negotiate + a dynamic local IP number with the peer in auto mode. It is + fixed in the latest version - search the man page for <bf/iface/. + + <p>The problem was that when that initial program calls + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect" + name="connect(2)">, the IP number of the tun interface is + assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first + outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. <bf/Ppp/ then + reads the packet and establishes a connection. If, as a result + of <bf/ppp/s dynamic IP assignment, the interface address is changed, + the original socket endpoint will be invalid. Any subsequent + packets sent to the peer will usually be dropped. Even if + they aren't, any responses will not route back to the originating + machine as the IP number is no longer owned by that machine. + + <p>There are several theoretical ways to approach this problem. + It would be nicest if the peer would re-assign the same IP number + if possible <tt/:-)/ The current version of <bf/ppp/ does this, + but most other implementations don't. + + <p>The easiest method from our side would be to never change the + tun interface IP number, but instead to change all outgoing packets + so that the source IP number is changed from the interface IP to + the negotiated IP on the fly. This is essentially what the + <tt/iface-alias/ option in the latest version of <bf/ppp/ is + doing (with the help of <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias" name="libalias(3)"> + and ppp's <bf/-alias/ switch) - it's maintaining all previous + interface addresses and aliasing them to the last negotiated address. + + <p>Another alternative (and probably the most reliable) would be + to implement a system call that changes all bound sockets from one + IP to another. <bf/Ppp/ would use this call to modify the + sockets of all existing programs when a new IP number is + negotiated. The same system call could be used by dhcp clients + when they are forced to re-bind() their sockets. + + <p>Yet another possibility is to allow an interface to be brought + up without an IP number. Outgoing packets would be given + an IP number of 255.255.255.255 up until the first SIOCAIFADDR + ioctl is done. This would result in fully binding the socket. It + would be up to <bf/ppp/ to change the source IP number, but only if + it's set to 255.255.255.255, and only the IP number and IP checksum + would need to change. This, however is a bit of a hack as + the kernel would be sending bad packets to an improperly + configured interface, on the assumption that some other mechanism + is capable of fixing things retrospectively. + + <sect2> + <heading>Why don't most games work with the -alias switch</heading> + + <p>The reason games and the like don't work when libalias is + in use is that the machine on the outside will try to open a + connection or send (unsolicited) UDP packets to the machine + on the inside. The packet alias software doesn't know that + it should send these packets to the interior machine. + + <p>To make things work, make sure that the only thing running + is the software that you're having problems with, then either + run tcpdump on the tun interface of the gateway or enable ppp + tcp/ip logging (``set log +tcp/ip'') on the gateway. + + <p>When you start the offending software, you should see packets + passing through the gateway machine. When something comes back + from the outside, it'll be dropped (that's the problem). Note + the port number of these packets then shut down the offending + software. Do this a few times to see if the port numbers are + consistent. If they are, then the following line in the relevant + section of /etc/ppp/ppp.conf will make the software functional: + + <verb> + alias port proto internalmachine:port port + </verb> + + <p>where ``proto'' is either ``tcp'' or ``udp'', + ``internalmachine'' is the machine that you want the packets + to be sent to and ``port'' is the destination port number of + the packets. + + <p>You won't be able to use the software on other machines + without changing the above command, and running the software + on two internal machines at the same time is out of the question + - after all, the outside world is seeing your entire internal + network as being just a single machine. + + <p>If the port numbers aren't consistent, there are three more + options: + + <p><bf>1)</bf> Submit support in libalias. Examples of ``special + cases'' can be found in /usr/src/lib/libalias/alias_*.c (alias_ftp.c + is a good prototype). This usually involves reading certain + recognised outgoing packets, identifying the instruction that + tells the outside machine to initiate a connection back to the + internal machine on a specific (random) port and setting up a + ``route'' in the alias table so that the subsequent packets + know where to go. + + <p>This is the most difficult solution, but it is the best and + will make the software work with multiple machines. + + <p><bf>2)</bf> Use a proxy. The application may support socks5 + for example, or (as in the ``cvsup'' case) may have a ``passive'' + option that avoids ever requesting that the peer open connections + back to the local machine. + + <p><bf>3)</bf> Redirect everything to the internal machine using + ``alias addr''. This is the sledge-hammer approach. + + <sect2> + <heading>What are FCS errors ?</heading> + + <p>FCS stands for <bf/F/rame <bf/C/heck <bf/S/equence. Each + ppp packet has a checksum attached to ensure that the data + being received is the data being sent. If the FCS of an + incoming packet is incorrect, the packet is dropped and the + HDLC FCS count is increased. The HDLC error values can be + displayed using the <tt>show hdlc</tt> command. + + <p>If your link is bad (or if your serial driver is dropping + packets), you will see the occasional FCS error. This is not + usually worth worrying about although it does slow down the + compression protocols substantially. If you have an external + modem, make sure your cable is properly shielded from + interference - this may eradicate the problem. + + <p>If your link freezes as soon as you've connected and you see + a large number of FCS errors, this may be because your link is + not 8 bit clean. Make sure your modem is not using software + flow control (XON/XOFF). If your datalink <bf>must</bf> use + software flow control, use the command + <tt>set accmap 0x000a0000</tt> to tell <bf>ppp</bf> to escape + the ^Q and ^S characters. + + <p>Another reason for seeing too many FCS errors may be that + the remote end has stopped talking <bf/PPP/. You may want to + enable <tt/async/ logging at this point to determine if the + incoming data is actually a login or shell prompt. If you + have a shell prompt at the remote end, it's possible to + terminate ppp without dropping the line by using the + <tt>close lcp</tt> command (a following <tt>term</tt> command + will reconnect you to the shell on the remote machine. + + <p>If nothing in your log file indicates why the link might + have been terminated, you should ask the remote administrator + (your ISP?) why the session was terminated. + + <sect2> + <heading>None of this helps - I'm desperate !</heading> + + <p>If all else fails, send as much information as you can, + including your config files, how you're starting <bf/ppp/, + the relevant parts of your log file and the output of the + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat" + name="netstat -rn"> command (before and after connecting) to the + <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org" + name="freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org"> mailing list or the + <url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc" + name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> news group, and someone + should point you in the right direction. + + <sect1> + <heading>I can't create a <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device!</heading> + + <p>In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only + directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the + <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> file and the manual pages for the various + network programs mentioned there for more information. If this + leaves you totally confused, then you should pick up a book + describing network administration on another BSD-related + operating system; with few significant exceptions, administering + networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS 4.0 or + Ultrix. + + <sect1> + <heading>How can I setup Ethernet aliases?</heading> + + <p>Add ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' to your <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" name="ifconfig"> + command-line like the following: + + <verb> + ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port?</heading> + + <p>If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify an + additional parameter on the + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig" + name="ifconfig"> command line. The + default port is ``<tt/link0/''. To use the AUI port instead of + the BNC one, use ``<tt/link2/''. These flags should be specified + using the ifconfig_* variables in <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf">. + + <sect1> + <heading>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD.</heading> + + <p>Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it + mildly) and can sometimes cause problems with network intensive + applications like NFS. + + <p>See <url url="../handbook/nfs.html" name="the Handbook entry on NFS"> + for more information on this topic. + + <sect1> + <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box?</heading> + + <p>Some versions of the Linux NFS code only accept mount requests + from a privileged port; try + + <verb> + mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Sun box?</heading> + + <p>Sun workstations running SunOS 4.X only accept mount requests + from a privileged port; try + + <verb> + mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>I'm having problems talking PPP to NeXTStep machines.</heading> + + <p>Try disabling the TCP extensions in <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf" name="/etc/rc.conf"> by + changing the following variable to NO: + + <verb> + tcp_extensions=NO + </verb> + + <p>Xylogic's Annex boxes are also broken in this regard and you must + use the above change to connect thru them. + + <sect1> + <heading>How do I enable IP multicast support?</heading> + + <p>Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 and + later by default. If you want your box to run as a multicast router, + you will need to recompile your kernel with the <tt>MROUTING</tt> + option and run <tt/mrouted/. FreeBSD 2.2 and later will start + <tt/mrouted/ at boot time if the flag <tt/mrouted_enable/ is set + to "YES" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>. + + <p>MBONE tools are available in their own ports category, mbone. If + you are looking for the conference tools <tt/vic/ and <tt/vat/, + look there! + + <p>For more information, see the + <url url="http://www.mbone.com/" name="Mbone Information Web">. + + <sect1> + <heading>Which network cards are based on the DEC PCI chipset?</heading> + + <p>Here is a list compiled by <url url="mailto:gfoster@driver.nsta.org" + name="Glen Foster">, with some more modern additions: + + <verb> + Vendor Model + ---------------------------------------------- + ASUS PCI-L101-TB + Accton ENI1203 + Cogent EM960PCI + Compex ENET32-PCI + D-Link DE-530 + Dayna DP1203, DP2100 + DEC DE435 + Danpex EN-9400P3 + JCIS Condor JC1260 + Linksys EtherPCI + Mylex LNP101 + SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332) + SMC EtherPower (Model 8432) + TopWare TE-3500P + Zynx ZX342 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?</heading> + + <p>You will probably find that the host is actually in a different + domain; for example, if you are in foo.bar.edu and you wish to reach + a host called ``mumble'' in the bar.edu domain, you will have to + refer to it by the fully-qualified domain name, ``mumble.bar.edu'', + instead of just ``mumble''. + + <p>Traditionally, this was allowed by BSD BIND resolvers. However + the current version of <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?named" name="bind"> that ships + with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-fully + qualified domain names other than the domain you are in. + So an unqualified host <tt>mumble</tt> must either be found + as <tt>mumble.foo.bar.edu</tt>, or it will be searched for + in the root domain. + + <p>This is different from the previous behavior, where the + search continued across <tt>mumble.bar.edu</tt>, and + <tt>mumble.edu</tt>. Have a look at RFC 1535 for why this + was considered bad practice, or even a security hole. + + <p>As a good workaround, you can place the line + + <verb> + search foo.bar.edu bar.edu + </verb> + + <p>instead of the previous + + <verb> + domain foo.bar.edu + </verb> + + <p>into your <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?resolv.conf" + name="/etc/resolv.conf"> file. However, make sure that the search order + does not go beyond the ``boundary between local and public + administration'', as RFC 1535 calls it. + + <sect1> + <heading>``Permission denied'' for all networking operations.</heading> + + <p>If you have compiled your kernel with the <tt/IPFIREWALL/ + option, you need to be aware that the default policy as of + 2.1.7R (this actually changed during 2.1-STABLE development) + is to deny all packets that are not explicitly allowed. + + <p>If you had unintentionally misconfigured your system for + firewalling, you can restore network operability by typing + the following while logged in as root: + + <verb> + ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any + </verb> + + <p>You can also set "firewall_type='open'" in <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>. + + <p>For further information on configuring a FreeBSD firewall, + see the <url url="../handbook/firewalls.html" name="Handbook section">. + + <sect1> + <heading>How much overhead does IPFW incur?</heading> + + <p>The answer to this depends mostly on your rule set and processor + speed. For most applications dealing with ethernet and small + rule sets, the answer is, negligible. For those of you that need + actual measurements to satisfy your curiosity, read on. + + <p>The following measurements were made using 2.2.5-STABLE on + a 486-66. IPFW was modified to measure the time spent within + the <tt/ip_fw_chk/ routine, displaying the results to the console + every 1000 packets. + + <p>Two rule sets, each with 1000 rules were tested. The first set + was designed to demonstrate a worst case scenario by repeating the + rule: + + <verb> + ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555 + </verb> + + <p>This demonstrates worst case by causing most of IPFW's packet + check routine to be executed before finally deciding that the + packet does not match the rule (by virtue of the port number). + Following the 999th iteration of this rule was an <tt>allow ip + from any to any</tt>. + + <p>The second set of rules were designed to abort the rule + check quickly: + + <verb> + ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4 + </verb> + + <p>The nonmatching source IP address for the above rule causes + these rules to be skipped very quickly. As before, the 1000th + rule was an <tt>allow ip from any to any</tt>. + + <p>The per-packet processing overhead in the former case was + approximately 2.703ms/packet, or roughly 2.7 microseconds per + rule. Thus the theoretical packet processing limit with these + rules is around 370 packets per second. Assuming 10Mbps ethernet + and a ~1500 byte packet size, we would only be able to achieve a + 55.5% bandwidth utilization. + + <p>For the latter case each packet was processed in + approximately 1.172ms, or roughly 1.2 microseconds per rule. + The theoretical packet processing limit here would be about + 853 packets per second, which could consume 10Mbps ethernet + bandwidth. + + <p>The excessive number of rules tested and the nature of those + rules do not provide a real-world scenario -- they were used only + to generate the timing information presented here. Here are a + few things to keep in mind when building an efficient rule set: + + <itemize> + + <item>Place an `established' rule early on to handle the + majority of TCP traffic. Don't put any <tt>allow tcp</tt> + statements before this rule. + + <item>Place heavily triggered rules earlier in the rule + set than those rarely used (<bf>without changing the + permissiveness of the firewall</bf>, of course). You can see + which rules are used most often by examining the packet counting + statistics with <tt>ipfw -a l</tt>. + + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>How can I redirect service requests from one machine to another? + </heading> + + <p>You can redirect FTP (and other service) request with the 'socket' + package, available in the ports tree in category 'sysutils'. + Simply replace the service's commandline to call socket instead, like so: + +<verb> +ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.foo.com ftp +</verb> + + <p>where 'ftp.foo.com' and 'ftp' are the host and port to redirect to, + respectively. + + <sect1> + <heading>Where can I get a bandwidth management tool?</heading> + + <p>There are two bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. + <url url="http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html" + name="ALTQ"> is available for free; Bandwidth Manager from + <url url="http://www.etinc.com" name="Emerging Technologies"> is + a commercial product. + + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1d017fc67 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/preface.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,549 @@ +<!-- $Id: preface.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.26 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�e��<label id="preface"></heading> + + <p>�w��Ө� FreeBSD 2.X FAQ! + + <sect1> + <heading>�g�o�� FAQ ���ت��O���� ?</heading> + + <p>���L Usenet �W�� FAQ �@��, �o�����D�n�[�\�F���� FreeBSD �o�M�@ + �~�t�γ̱`�Q�ݨ쪺���D (���M�]�A�F�^�� !)�C���M���ڭ̥��Ӫ��ت��O���F + ��ֺ����W�e�����O�H���קK�P�˪����D�@�A�X�{, ���O FAQ �w�g�Q�����O�@ + �ثܦ����Ȫ���T�F�C + + <p>�ڭ̤w�g���i��a�ϳo�� FAQ ���״I�F ; �p�G�z��p��Ϩ��i�B������ + ��ij, ���H�ɱH�q�l�l�� <url url="mailto:FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG" + name="FAQ ���@��">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>����O FreeBSD?</heading> + + <p>²��a�ӻ�, FreeBSD 2.X �O�@�M�ھ� U.C. Berkeley's 4.4BSD-lite + release for the i386 platform �ҧ����� UN*X-like �@�~�t�ΡC���P�ɤ]�� + ���ϥΤF William Jolitz ���Ө� i386 �W�� U.C. Berkeley's Net/2, �]�N�O + 386BSD�C���L�{�b 386BSD ���{���X�u�ѤU���ּ��ٯd�s�b FreeBSD ���C�z�i + �H�b <url url="http://www.freebsd.org" name="FreeBSD ����"> ��즳���� + ��O FreeBSD �H�Υ��i�H���z���Ǥ�������T�C + + <p>FreeBSD �w�Q�s�x�a�Q�@�ɦU�a�����q�渹, ISP, ��s�H��, �q���M�a, �� + ��, �H�ήa�x�Τ�Ҩϥ�, �Φb�u�@, �Ш|, �H�ήT�֤W�C�z�i�H�b + <url url="../gallery/gallery.html" name="FreeBSD Gallery">�ݨ�@�Ǧ� + ���L�̪���ơC + + <p>�p�G�Q������ FreeBSD ��`�J�����, �Ь� + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD �ϥΤ�U">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�o�i FreeBSD ���ت��O���� ?</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD �p�e���ت��O���ѥi�H���N�ϥΥB�S������n��C�ڭ̦b�{���X + (�H�έp�ޥ���) �W�I�X�F�j�q�ߦ�, ���M�ڭ̨S���S�O�j��, ���L�ä��n�D�� + ������W���^�X�C�ڭ̬۫H�ڭ̭��n�� "����" �N�O���ѵ{���X���C�@�Өϥ� + ��, ���ޥL�̪��ت��O���� ; �o��@��, �o�ǵ{���X�~��Q�Φb�̦h�a��, �] + �~��o�����̳̤j���Q�q�C�ڭ̬۫H�o�N�O�ۥѳn��̰��ؼФ��@, �ӥB�� + �̷|�ɥ��O�h������C + + <p>�b�ڭ� source tree �����������{���X�O�ĥΩҿת� GPL �άO LGPL ���v + �ŧi, ���M�o�Ǫ��v�ŧi�O�ΨӫO�٦ӫD����ϥΪ̪��v�Q, �����O������ۥ� + �F�ǡC�ѩ�o�� GPL ���n��b�ӷ~�ϥΤW�|�ް_�D�`���������v���D, �]���u + �n�����|, �ڭ̷|�ɶq�H�ĥΤ���P�� BSD ���v���n��Ө��N�o�� GPL ���v�� + �i���n��C + + <sect1> + <heading>������n�s�� FreeBSD?</heading> + + <p> + <itemize> + <item>�z�i�H�K�O�ϥΥ�, �Y�ϬO�Ω�ӷ~�γ~�C + + <item>��� FreeBSD �@�~�t�Χ��㪺��l�{�����i�H�K�O���o, �ӥB�b�ϥ� + �δ��G�U�譱�]�u����̤p������ (���O�_�Ω�ӷ~�γ~)�C + + <item>����H���i�H�ۥѦa��L��t�Ϊ���}�ο��~�ץ����{���X�[�J + source tree ���� (���M�n�ŦX�X�ӥ��M����)�C + </itemize> + + <p>�p�GŪ�̱z�����y���O�^�y����, �z�n�S�O�`�N�o�̪� "free" ��إΪk�� + �N��O���@�˪� : �@�ت��N��O "�K�O", �t�@�ت��N��O "�ۥ�"�C�z�i�H�� + FreeBSD �h������z�Q�n������, ���F�@�Ǩҥ~, �Ҧp�z�ź� FreeBSD �O�z�g + ���C + + <sect1> + <heading>�̷s���� FreeBSD �O���@�� ?</heading> + + <p><url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.8-RELEASE" + name="2.2.8"> �O�ثe�̷s�� <em> stable </em> �� ; ���� 1998 �~ + 12 ��o��C���P�ɤ]�O�ثe�̷s�� <em>release</em> ���C + + <p>²�檺��, <bf>-stable</bf> ���D�n�D�D��H�O���í�w�ʤΧC�ܲ��ʦ� + ���j�ݨD�����c, �Ҧp ISP, �ӫD�߷R�@�ǯS�O�s�\����c�C�b���P��, �o + �Ǫ����O�����@�˪�, ���O�b <bf>-current</bf> �o�Ӥ��䪺�����ר��H���@ + �ӥ��` release ���e, �o�ر��p���|�����Ӥ[�C + + <p>���O�o�ä��N���� 3.0-current snapshot �N���A�X�Φb�ӷ~�A�ȤW, �ƹ� + �W, �ܦh�ݭn 3.0 �s�\�� (��s���sĶ���N, �IJv�������{���X��) �� + �ϥΪ̳��o��F�D�`���N�����G�C�b���ܱo��í�w�H�e, �ڭ̤��� "��O" 3.0 + �i�H��o�_���n���u�@�C + + <sect1> + <heading>����O FreeBSD-current?<label id="current"></heading> + + <p><url url="../handbook/current.html" name="FreeBSD-current">�����O�� + �b�o�i��������, ���ױN�b�A�����ɾ����� 3.0.1-RELEASE�C����b�O�u�A�X�� + �t�εo�i�̥H�Φ��ݤO���~�l�R�n�̨ϥΡC�p�G�Q�n�o�즳���p��ϥ� + -current ���`�J��T, �аѦ� + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="�ϥΤ�U"> �� + <url url="../handbook/current.html" name="��������">�C + + <p>�p�G�z��@�~�t�Υ����ä��O�ܼ��x, �άO�z�S��k����z�J�쪺���D�O�u + ���o�ͤF���D��άO�Ȯɩʪ��p���p, ����z�N�����Өϥ� FreeBSD-current�C + �o�Ӥ��䪺�{���X���ɭ��ܰʱo�ܧ�, �ӥB�i��|�]���Өϱz���n�X�Ѫ��ɶ��L + �k��s�z���t�ΡC�ڭ̰��]�ϥ� FreeBSD-current ���ϥΪ̳�����O�h���R�L + �̩ҹJ�쪺���D�åB�u�^���u�������D�ӫD�p���p�C�p�G�z�b -current + mailing list ���������� "make world �y���@�Ǧ��� groups �����~" �����D, + ���ɭԷ|�Q��L�H�����C + + <p>���ɭԧڭ̷|���o�� -current �o�i�����{���X�o�� + <url url="../releases/snapshots.html" name="snapshot">, �ƪ�, �ڭ� + �ٷ|�o�� CDROM ������ snapshot�C�o���o�� snapshot ���ت��b�� : + + <itemize> + <item>���ճ̷s�����w�˵{���C + + <item>���Ѥ@��²�檺��k�����dz��w�ϥ� -current ���O�S���ɶ��M�W�e�h + �C�Ѫ@�Ū��ϥΪ̡C + + <item>���F���ڭ̵o�i�����{���O�d�@�өT�w���Ѧ��I, �H����ڭ̥��ӳy�� + �����C(���M CVS �i�H���`�a���������o�ت��i�Ȩƥ� :) + + <item>���F�T�O�Ҧ��ݭn���ժ��s�\�ೣ�i�H�o��̦h�����աC + </itemize> + + <p>�L�צp��, �ڭ̤��O�� snapshot ���~��C���Fí�w��, �z�̦n�ϥΧ��� + release �������C + + <p>�z�i�H�����q + <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/"> ���o snapshot + release, ���ެO 3.0-current �άO 2.2-stable, �����C�ѳ��|���ͤ@�� + snapshot �������C + + <sect1> + <heading>����O FreeBSD-stable?</heading> + + <p>�^���� FreeBSD 2.0.5 ��o�����ɭ�, �ڭ̨M�w�� FreeBSD �� release + �������C�@��s��<url url="../handbook/stable.html" name="-stable"> , + �ڭ̥u�復�����~�ץ��Τp�T�ת��ק� (�o�O�� ISP �M�ӷ~���q������礤�\ + �ण�P���쪺���ҨϥΪ�)�C�t�~�@��s�� + <url url="../handbook/current.html" name="-current">, �q 2.0 ���o��H + ��N�����_�a�µ� 3.0-RELEASE (�H�ΥH�᪺����) �e�i�ۡC�U���N�O�����t + �i���ܷN�� : + +<verb> + 2.0 + | + | + | [2.1-stable] + *BRANCH* 2.0.5 -> 2.1 -> 2.1.5 -> 2.1.6 -> 2.1.7.1 [2.1-stable ends] + | (Mar 1997) + | + | + | [2.2-stable] + *BRANCH* 2.2.1 -> 2.2.2-RELEASE -> 2.2.5 -> 2.2.6 -> 2.2.7 -> 2.2.8 [end] + | (Mar 1997) (Oct 97) (Apr 98) (Jul 98) (Dec 98) + | + | + 3.0-SNAPs (started Q1 1997) + | + | + 3.0.0-RELEASE (Oct 1998) + | + | [3.0-stable] + *BRANCH* 3.0.1 (Feb 1999) -> ... future 3.0.x releases ... + | + | + \|/ + + + [3.1-current continues] +</verb> + + <p>-current �o�Ӥ��䥿�w�C�a�¦V 3.0.1 �H�ΥH�᪺�����e�i��, �Ӥ��e�� + 2.2-stable ����h�H�� 2.2.8 ���o���ӥ\�����h�C3.0-current �N�|�����D�n + ���o�i�u, ���� 1999 �~�� 3.0.1 �o������C�쨺�Ӯɭ�, 3.0 �N�|�����t�@ + �Ӥ���, �� 3.1-current �h�ܦ��U�@�� "current ����"�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�s�� FreeBSD �N��ɭԱ��X ?</heading> + + <p>�@��Ө�, �� FreeBSD core team �{���w�g�ֿn�F�����h���s�\��M���~�� + ��, �ӥB�o�ǧ�ʨä��v�T�t��í�w�ת��ɭ�, �L�̤~�|���X�s���� FreeBSD�C + ���M���ݳo�Ǧn�F�誺�ɶ��O�H���I�q��, ���O�j�h�ƪ��ϥΪ̳��{���o���ԷV + ���A�O FreeBSD �̦n���������@�C + + <p>�����Ө�, �ڭ̨C�|�Ӥ�o��@�� release�C + + <p>���F�������ǻݭn (�ηQ�n) ��E���ϥΪ�, �q�` SNAP ���o���O�۷��W�c + ��, �S�O�O�b release �o�����e�@�Ӥ륪�k�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �u��b PC �W�ϥζ� ?</heading> + + <p>FreeBSD 3.x �ثe�i�H�b + <url url="../alpha/alpha.html" name="DEC Alpha"> �W�ϥ�, �N���b x86 �[ + �c�U�ϥΤ@�ˡC�ڭ̹ﲾ�Ө� SPARC �W�]���۷�������, ���L�o�������p�e�� + �S���������ԤơC + + �p�G�z���������O�H�W�o�Ǭ[�c, �ӥB�z�{�b�N�n����, �ڭ̫�ij�z�Ѧ� + <url url="http://www.netbsd.org/" name="NetBSD"> �άO + <url url="http://www.openbsd.org/" name="OpenBSD">�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�֭t�d FreeBSD ���o�i ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�O�@�Ǧ��� FreeBSD �p�e������ʨM�w, ���O��ӭp�e�����V�άO�M + �w�֥i�H�� source tree �̪��{���X�o������, �O�Ѥ@�Ӭ� 15 �ӤH�Ҳզ��� + <url url="../handbook/staff:core.html" name="core team"> �ӨM�w�C�Ӧ� + �t�@�s�� 100 �ӤH���v�Q�i�H�����ק� FreeBSD �� source tree�C + + <p>�L�צp��, �j�h�ƪ����ܳ��|�ƫe�b + <ref id="mailing" name="mailing lists"> ���Q�L, �ӥB�C�ӤH���i�H�ѻP + �Q�סC + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p����o FreeBSD ?<label id="where-get"></heading> + + <p>�C�� FreeBSD �����n�������i�H�g�ѰΦW ftp �q + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/" name="FreeBSD FTP site"> + ���o�C + + <itemize> + <item>�p�G�O�ثe�� 2.2-stable release, 2.2.8R, �Ь� + <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.8-RELEASE/" + name="2.2.8-RELEASE"> �o�ӥؿ��C + + <item>�p�G�O�ثe�� 3.0-current release, 3.0-SNAP, �Ь� + <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" name="3.0"> �o�ӥ� + ���C + + <item>�H�� RELENG_2_2 ���� (��Ӫ� 2.2.8) �C�C�a�i�J���@���q, �ڭ̨C + �ѳ��|�o�� <url url="ftp://releng22.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" + name="2.2 Snapshot">�C�ڭ̥ثe���������@�� RELENG_2_2 �o�Ӥ���, ���D + ��t�Φw���άO�t�Ϊ��i�a�ʦ��ҼW�j, �_�h�ڭ̱N���A��ʡC + + <item><ref id="current" name="-current"> ����]�O�C�ѱ��X + <url url="ftp://current.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" + name="3.0 Snapshot">, �º�O���F���ߪ����ժ̥H�εo�i�H���Ҵ��Ѫ��C + </itemize> + + <p>FreeBSD �� CDROM �i�H�q�U�C�a����o : + + <p>Walnut Creek CDROM<newline> + 4041 Pike Lane, Suite F<newline> + Concord, CA 94520 USA<newline> + Orders: +1 800 786-9907<newline> + Questions: +1 925 674-0783<newline> + FAX: +1 925 674-0821<newline> + email: <url url="mailto:orders@cdrom.com" name="WC Orders address"> + <newline> + WWW: <url url="http://www.cdrom.com/" name="WC Home page"> + <newline> + + <p>�p�G�z�b�D�w, �z�i�H�� : + + <p>Advanced Multimedia Distributors<newline> + Factory 1/1 Ovata Drive<newline> + Tullamarine, Melbourne<newline> + Victoria<newline> + Australia<newline> + Voice: +61 3 9338 6777<newline> + + CDROM Support BBS<newline> + 17 Irvine St<newline> + Peppermint Grove WA 6011<newline> + Voice: +61 9 385-3793<newline> + Fax: +61 9 385-2360<newline> + + �b�^�� : + + The Public Domain & Shareware Library<newline> + Winscombe House, Beacon Rd<newline> + Crowborough<newline> + Sussex. TN6 1UL<newline> + Voice: +44 1892 663-298<newline> + Fax: +44 1892 667-473<newline> + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڦb���̥i�H��즳�� FreeBSD mailing lists ����T ?<label id="mailing"> + </heading> + + <p>�z�i�H�b <url url="../handbook/eresources:mail.html" + name="�ϥΤ�U - mailing-lists"> ����짹�㪺��T�C + + <sect1> + <heading>������Q�� FreeBSD ���s�D�Q�s�ն� ?</heading> + + <p>�z�i�H�b <url url="../handbook/eresources:news.html" + name="�ϥΤ�U - �s�D�Q�s��"> ����짹�㪺��T�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + ���M���Q�� FreeBSD �� IRC �W�D�� ? + </heading> + + <p>�O��, �j�����D�n�� IRC �����D�������ѤF FreeBSD ������W�D : + + <itemize> + <item>EFNet �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> �W�D�O�@�� FreeBSD ���� + ��, ���O�z�i��L�k�q����o��N�譱���䴩, �z�]�O�Q�b��������� + �H�i�H���z�קK���\Ū man page �H�Φۤv��s���h�W�C���O�@�ӥH��Ѭ� + �D���W�D, �b������ FreeBSD �M���ʡB�B�ʡB�H�ή֤l�Z�������|�O + �@�˰����C + �ڭ̤w�gĵ�i�L�z�F�C + �z�i�H�g�� <tt>irc.chat.org</tt> �ӳs�u�C + + <item>DALNET �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> �W�D, �b����i�H�g�� + <tt>irc.dal.net</tt> �ӳs�u, �b�ڬw�i�H�g�� <tt>irc.eu.dal.net</tt> + �ӳs�u�C + + <item>UNDERNET �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> �W�D, �b����i�H�g�� + <tt>us.undernet.org</tt> �ӳs�u, �b�ڬw�i�H�g�� + <tt>eu.undernet.org</tt> �ӳs�u�C + + <item>�̫�, �z�]�i�H�[�J BSDNET �Ҵ��Ѫ� <tt>#FreeBSD</tt> �W + �D, �o�O�@�Ӥp���� BSD �M�β�Ѻ���, �i�H�g�� + <tt>irc.FreeBSD.org</tt> �ӳs�u�C + </itemize> + + <p>�H�W���o���W�D���O���P��, �ӥB���̨èS�����۳s�q�C���̲�Ѫ��覡�] + �����ۦP, �ҥH�z�i��C�ӳ��n�h�|�դ@�U, �H���̾A�X�z���W�D�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �������y</heading> + + <p>�z�γ\�i�H�ոլ� <tt>doc</tt> mailing list : + <url url="mailto:freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG" + name="<freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.ORG>"> �W�� FreeBSD ���p�e (�p�G�z + ��[�J�o�O�p�e���O�A�n���L���F)�C�o�� mailing list �O�ΨӰQ�� FreeBSD + ��C�p�G�z�Q�n�o�ݰ��D����, �ڭ̤]�� <tt>questions</tt> mailing + list : + <url url="mailto:freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG" + name="<freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG>"> �C + + <p>�z�]�i�H�q + <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD �ϥΤ�U"> + ���o FreeBSD "�ϥΤ�U"�C�Ъ`�N, �o����B��s�@���q, ���ܦh������ + �٨S�������C + + <p>���� FreeBSD �����y��, �̦n�����ӴN�O Greg Lehey �ۧ@, Walnut Creek + CDROM Books �X���� "The Complete FreeBSD" �F�C�{�b�o���Ѥw�g�X��ĤG�� + �F, �`�@ 1750 �����k, ���e�]�A�w��, �t�κz����, �{���w�˨�U, �H�� + manual pages�C�o���� (�H�γ̷s���� FreeBSD release) �i�H�V + <url url="http://www.cdrom.com" name="Walnut Creek">, + <url url="http://www.cheapbytes.com" name="CheapBytes">, �άO����@�� + �z���w���ѧ��q�ʡC�L�� ISBN ���X�O 1-57176-227-2�C + + <p>�M��, �]�� FreeBSD 2.2.X �O�H 4.4BSD-Lite2 ����¦�ӵo�i���t��, �ҥH + �j���� 4.4BSD ����U���A�Ω� FreeBSD 2.2.X�CO'Reilly and Associates + �X���F�U�C��U : + + <itemize> + <item>4.4BSD System Manager's Manual <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition June 1994, 804 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-080-5" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-080-5 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD User's Reference Manual <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition June 1994, 905 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-075-9" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-075-9 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition July 1994, 712 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-076-7" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-076-7 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition June 1994, 886 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-078-3" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-078-3 <newline> + + <item>4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents <newline> + By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> + 1st Edition July 1994, 596 pages <newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/1-56592-079-1" name="ISBN">: 1-56592-079-1 <newline> + </itemize> + + <p>�z�i�H�b WWW �W���������� : + + <url url="http://gnn.com/gnn/bus/ora/category/bsd.html" + name="4.4BSD books description">�C�]���P�ⱡ�Ψä��O�ܦn, �ҥH�z�i��� + ���h���o�o�Ǯ��y�C + + <p>�p�G�z�Q�� 4.4BSD ���֤߬[�c����`�h���{��, �z��������L�o���� : + + <p>McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, + and John Quarterman.<newline> + + <p><em>The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating + System</em>. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996.<newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/0-201-54979-4" name="ISBN"> 0-201-54979-4<newline> + + <p>�@�������t�κz���n�� : + + <p>Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder, Scott Seebass & Trent R. Hein,<newline> + ``Unix System Administration Handbook'', Prentice-Hall, 1995<newline> + <url url="&isbn.amazon/0-13-151051-7" name="ISBN">: 0-13-151051-7<newline> + + <p><bf/NOTE/ �нT�{�z�R�쪺���T�O�ĤG��, ���O����ѥ֪�, �Ĥ@�������O�C + + <p>�o���Ѳ[�\�F�@�ǰ�¦���F��, �]�A TCP/IP, DNS, NFS, SLIP/PPP, + sendmail, INN/NNTP, printing, ���C�o�����Z�Q�� (�j�� + US$45-$55) , ���L�����T���o�ӻ��ȡC���]���F�@�����t�@�� + �u��{����l�X�� CDROM ; �j�������F��b FreeBSD 2.2.6R �� CDROM �̤]�� ( + �q�` FreeBSD CROM �̪��O����s����) �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p��h�s���z�̪����~�^����Ʈw�O ?</heading> + + <p>�Ҧ��ϥΪ� open ���ܧ�n�D���i�H�g�ѧڭ� web �ɭ��� PR + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/send-pr.html" name="submission"> �� + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" name="query"> + �Ӭd�� (�άO�^��) �ڭ̪����~�^����Ʈw�C<em>send-pr(1)</em> �o�ӫ��O�] + �i�H�g�ѹq�l�l��Ӧ^�����~�άO�n�D�ܧ�C + + <sect1> + <heading>���̥i�H��� ASCII �άO PostScript ���� FAQ ?</heading> + + <p>�̷s�� FAQ �i�H�q FreeBSD �����άO����@�� mirror ���O���o, ���O + PostScript �άO�¤�r�� (�]�A 7 bit ASCII �H�� 8-bit Latin1) �����C + + <p>PostScript �榡 (�j�� 370KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ps"> + </itemize> + + <p>ASCII �榡 (�j�� 220KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.ascii"> + </itemize> + + <p>ISO 8859-1 �榡 (�j�� 220KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/FAQ/FAQ.latin1"> + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>���̥i�H��� ASCII �άO PostScript �����ϥΤ�U ?</heading> + + <p>�̷s�� FAQ �i�H�q FreeBSD �����άO����@�� mirror ���O���o, ���O + PostScript �άO�¤�r�� (�]�A 7 bit ASCII �H�� 8-bit Latin1) �����C + + <p>PostScript �榡 (�j�� 1.7MB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ps" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ps"> + </itemize> + + <p>ASCII �榡 (�j�� 1080KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ascii" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.ascii"> + </itemize> + + <p>ISO 8859-1 �榡 (�j�� 1080KB): + <itemize> + <item><url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.latin1" + name="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/handbook.latin1"> + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>ASCII �����ϥΤ�U���O�¤�r�� !</heading> + + <p>�O��, ASCII �M Latin1 �榡�� FAQ �H�ΨϥΤ�U�Y��ӻ��ä����O�� + ��r�� ; ���̥]�t�F�@�ǦL�X���u�H�έ��ЦC�L������X�H�K�ઽ�����I�x�} + ���L������X�C�p�G�z�Q�⥦���ন�@�몺��r�ɪ���, �i�H�Q�� col : + + <verb> + $ col -b < inputfile > outputfile + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڷQ���� FreeBSD �� mirror ���O !</heading> + + <p>���M�i�H ! ���ܦh��k�i�H mirror �ڭ̪������C + + <itemize> + <item>�Q�� CVSUP : �z�i�H�Q�� CVSUP �q cvsup.freebsd.org ���o�榡�� + �L���ɮסC�z�u�ݭn��U���o��[�J�z�� cvsup �]�w�� : + +<verb> +www release=current hostname=/home base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup +prefix=/usr/local/www/data/www.freebsd.org delete old use-rel-suffix + +</verb> + + <item>�Q�� rsync : �аѾ\ + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/internal/mirror.html" + name="the mirroring page"> �H��o��h��T�C + + <item>�Q�� ftp mirror : �z�i�H�Q�αz���w�� ftp mirror �u��q FTP �� + �O�����o������ơC�N�q + ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/www �}�l�a�C + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڷQ�n½Ķ���</heading> + + <p>��, �ڭ̨S��O���z�~��, ���L�p�G�z�ണ��½Ķ�n�����, �ڭ̷|�e + �z CD �άO T-shirt , �ç�z�[�J�ϥΤ�U�� Contributor ����C�C + + <sect1> + <heading>��L��T�ӷ�</heading> + + <p>�U�C newsgroups ���]�A�F FreeBSD �������Q�� : + + <itemize> + <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce" + name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce"> (moderated) + + <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc" + name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> + + <item><url url="news:comp.unix.bsd.misc" name="comp.unix.bsd.misc"> + </itemize> + + <p>�����귽 : + + <itemize> + <item>The <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/" name="FreeBSD Home Page">. + + <item><label id="pao">�p�G�z�����W���q�� (laptop) ����, �O�ѤF�h�ݬ� + ���饻�� + <url url="http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/PAO/" + name="Tatsumi Hosokawa's Mobile Computing page"> �C + + <item><label id="smp">SMP (����h�B�z���[�c) ��������T�Ь� + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~fsmp/SMP/SMP.html" + name="SMP support page"> �C + + <item><label id="multimedia">���� FreeBSD �h�C��譱�����ε{��, �Ь� + <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~faulkner/multimedia/mm.html" + name="multimedia"> �C�p�G�z�� Bt848 �o�Ӽv���^�������S�O�����쪺��, + �Ь�<url url="http://www.freebsd.org/~ahasty/Bt848.html" + name="�o�Ӻ���"> �C + </itemize> + + <p>FreeBSD �ϥΤ�U�]���@���ܧ��㪺 + <url url="../handbook/bibliography.html" name="�ѦҮ��y�C��">, �p�G�z + ���Q�R�Ѫ���, �o�����ȱo�@�ݡC + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d5f0af4d7c --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/serial.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,489 @@ +<!-- $Id: serial.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.2 --> + + <sect> + <heading>Serial �q�T<label id="serial"></heading> + + <p>�o�@���D�n�O�b�Q�� FreeBSD �W���� serial �q�T�����D�C���� PPP �H�� + SLIP �����D�O��b <ref id="networking" name="����"> �o�@�`�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��D FreeBSD �O���O�����ڪ� serial port ?</heading> + + <p>�� FreeBSD �}�����ɭ�, ���|�ھڱz�b kernel �����]�w�Ӱ����z�� + serial port�C�z�i�H�b�o�ǰT���X�{���ɭ��ˬd, �]�i�H�b�t�ζ}������� + �U�������O���[�� : + + <verb> + dmesg | grep sio + </verb> + + <p>�o�̦��@�ǿ�X���d�� : + + <verb> + sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa + sio0: type 16550A + sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa + sio1: type 16550A + </verb> + + <p>�o�N���z����� serial port�C�Ĥ@�� port ���� irq 4, port address �O + <tt/0x3f8/ , �ӥB�Ϊ��O 16550A ���� UART �����C�ĤG�� port �Ϊ��O�P + ��������, ���L�����Ϊ��O irq 3 , ���� port address �b <tt/0x2f8/ �C + ������ modem �d�|�Q���Ѧ��O serial port -- �ߤ@���t�O�N�O�� port �W + �`�O���W modem �Ӥw�C + + <p><tt/GENERIC/ kernel �䴩��� serial port , ���̪��]�w�ȴN�p�P�W���� + �d�Ҥ@�ˡC�p�G�z�t�ΤW���]�w���@��, �Ϊ̱z�t�~���F������ modem �d, + �άO�z�t�Ϊ���� serial port �Ƥ�z�b kernel �]�w�����٭n�h����, �z + �u�n���s�إ� kernel �N�n�F�C�Ա��Ь� <ref id="make-kernel" + name="�p��إ� kernel"> �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��D FreeBSD �O���O�����ڪ� modem �d ?</heading> + + <p>�ЬݤW�@�Ӱ��D�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڤɯŨ� 2.0.5 �H��ڪ� <tt/tty0X/ �~�M�����F !</heading> + + <p>���n��i, ���̤w�g�Q�֨� <tt/ttydX/ �˸m�U�h�F�C���L�z�٬O�o��ۤv + �ק�]�w�ɤ~�������̥��`�u�@�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p��b FreeBSD �U�s�� seral ports ?</heading> + + <p>�ĤT�� serial port, <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" name="sio2"> (�N�O DOS + �U�� COM3) , �H dial-out �˸m�ӬݬO��� <tt>/dev/cuaa2</tt> , �ӥH + dial-in �˸m�Ӭݫh�O��� <tt>/dev/ttyd2</tt> �C�o��Ӹ˸m�����P + �O ? + + <p>�z�b dial-in �ɨϥΪ��O <tt/ttydX/ �C���z�� block �Ҧ��}�� + <tt>/dev/ttydX</tt> ��, �|���@�� process �b������ <tt/cuaaX/ �W���� + �ܦ� inactive , �M��@������ carrier detect line �ܦ� active ����C + ���z�}�� <tt/cuaaX/ �˸m��, ���|�h�T�w�ثe <tt/ttydX/ �˸m�O���O�� + �b�ϥ� serial port�C�p�G���i�H�Ϊ���, ���N�|�� serial port �q + <tt/ttydX/ �˸m�⤤�m�L�ӡC�P�˪�, <tt/cuaXX/ �˸m���|�h�� carrier + detect�C���F�o�˪��]�p, �A�[�W�@�x�|�۰ʦ^���� modem, �z�N�i�H�O�P + �@�x modem �i�H�Q���ݨϥΪ̮��ӵn�J, �z�ۤv�]�i�H���� dialout, �t�� + �|�۰��ˬd�O�_���Ĭ𪺲{�H�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p��Ұʹ� serial �h��d���䴩 ?</heading> + + <p>�P�˪�, �b kernel �]�w���@�`�����즳���]�w kernel ����T�C�n�]�w�@ + �i serial �h��d, �z���ݦb�z�� kernel �]�w�ɤ����C�@�� serial port + ���]�@�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" + name="sio"> ���]�w�C���O�z�u��b���̤�����@�Өӳ]�w irq �H�� + vector �C�d�W���Ҧ� port �|�@�ɦP�@�� irq �C�@��ӻ��ڭ̳��⥦�]�b�� + ��@�� serial port �W�C���n�ѤF���w <tt/COM_MULTIPORT/ �o�� + option �C + + <p>�U���O�@�ӧ� AST 4-port �d �]�b irq 7 ���Ҥl : + + <verb> + options "COM_MULTIPORT" + device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781 + device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781 + device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781 + device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr + </verb> + + <p>�o�̪� flags �]�w�O�� master port �� minor number �O 7 + (<tt/0x700/), �b�����ɰ��ˬd (<tt/0x080/), �H�ΩҦ��� port �@�ɤ@�� + irq (<tt/0x001/) �C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �i�H����h�i serial �h��d�ϥΦP�@�� irq �� ?</heading> + + <p>�٨S�䴩�C�z���ݬ��C�i�d�]�w���P�� irq �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڥi�H�� port �]�w�w�]�Ѽƶ� ?</heading> + + <p>�q�`�z�|�Q���z�����ε{���}�� <tt/ttydX/ (�άO <tt/cuaaX/) �˸m�C�� + �@�� process �}�Ҹ˸m�H��, ���|���@�չw�]���ݾ� I/O �]�w�C�z�i�H�� + �U���o�ӫ��O���[��o�dz]�w + + <verb> + stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1 + </verb> + + <p>���z���ܤF�Y�Ӹ˸m���]�w��, �o�dz]�w�|�@���@��, ����o�Ӹ˸m�Q���� + �F����C�����Q���}�ҫ�, �S�^�������w�]�ȤF�C�p�G�Q�n���ܹw�]��, �z + �i�H�}�Ҩíק� ``��l���A'' �˸m���]�w�C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�z�Q���� ttyd5 + ���w�]��, �� <tt/CLOCAL/ �Ҧ����}, 8 bits, �åB�ϥ� + <tt>XON/XOFF</tt> �y�q����, �z�i�H�o�˰� : + + <verb> + stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff + </verb> + + <p>�z�i�H�b <tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> �̰��o�˪��]�w�C�{�b�C�@�Ӷ}�� + <tt/ttyd5/ �����ε{�����|�w�]�ϥγo�dz]�w�F�C�z�̵M�i�H�ΦP�˪���k + �h���ܳo�dz]�w�C + + <p>�z�]�i�H�ǥѳ]�w ``��w���A'' �˸m�Ө����L���ε{���h��ʳo�dz]�w + �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �Q�n�� <tt/ttyd5/ ���t����w�b 57600 bps, �z�n�o�˰� + + <verb> + stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600 + </verb> + + <p>�o�ˤ@��, �C�@�Ӷ}�� <tt/ttyd5/ �����ε{�����u��ϥ� 57600 bps ���t + �פF�C + + <p>���M, �z���ݽT�w�z����l���A�H����w���A���˸m�u��Q <tt/root/ �g�J + �C<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV" + name="MAKEDEV"> �o�� script �� <bf/���|/ �b�إ߳o�Ǹ˸m�ɦ۰����z�] + �w�n�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��ˤ~���� modem ���� dialup �n�J�O ?</heading> + + <p>�z�O���O�Q�� ISP ? ����, �z�n���@���H�W�i�H�۰ʱ�ť�� modem�C�z�� + modem �����n�� carrier-detect ���\��C���]�n����b data terminal + ready (<tt/DTR/) �Ѷ}�ର���ɭ��s�]�w�ۤv�C���γ\�]�n����ϥ� + <tt>RTS/CTS</tt> �y�q����άO��������y�q����C�̫�, ����������b�q + ���M���ۤv���ǿ餤�ϥΩw�t, ���O�b���M���� modem ���s�u�譱�h�n���� + �Ӷǿ�t�ת���O�C + + <p>�� Hayes ���O���ۮe modem �ӻ�, �U�������O�|��W�@�q�����������]�n + �æs�b�D���o�ʰO���餤 : + + <verb> + AT &C1 &D3 &K3 &Q6 S0=1 &W + </verb> + + <p>�ݬݤU���� <ref id="direct-at" name="�ǰe AT ���O��"> �o�@�`�i�H�o + ��h�����p�Q�� MS-DOS �ݵ{���Ӱ��o�dz]�w����ơC + + <p>���U��, �b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> ���z�� modem ���]�w�C�C�b�o���ɮפ����O�Ҧ��t�η| + �� login �� ports �C���U���o�˥[�J�@�� : + + <verb> + ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure + </verb> + + <p>�o�@����O�ĤG�� serial port (<tt>/dev/ttyd1</tt>) �O�@�ӥH 57600 + bps �t�צb�ǿ骺 modem, �åB�����P���ˬd (<tt/std.57600/ �O�b + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab" + name="/etc/gettytab"> �ɸ̫��w��) �C�o�� port ���ݾ����A�O + ``dialup'' �C�o�� port �]�� ``on'' �ӥB�O ``insecure'' �� --- �N��O + root ����q�o�̳s�u�i�ӡC�z���ݬ��C�� dialin port �������� + <tt/ttydX/ ���]�w�C + + <p>�q�`�ڭ̷|�� ``dialup'' �Ӱ����ݾ����A�C�p�G�ϥΪ̵n�J�ɪ��ҩl�� + �A�O dialup ����, �ܦh�ϥΪ̳��|�b�L�̪� .profile �άO .login �ɤ��] + �w�L�̯u�����ݾ����A�C�W�����Ҥl���ڭ��|���O insecure ���Ҥl�C�p�G + �z�Q�n�b�o�� port �ܦ� root ����, �z�����Τ@��ϥΪ̪������n�J, �M�� + ``<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?su" name="su">'' + �� <tt/root/ �C�p�G�z�Ϊ��O ``secure'' ����, �h <tt/root/ �i�H�����n + �J�C + + <p>�b�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> ���L�ק蠟��, �z�����e�@�� hangup �άO <tt/HUP/ + �� signal �� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?init" + name="init"> process : + + <verb> + kill -HUP 1 + </verb> + + <p>�o�˷|�j�� init process �h��Ū <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> �C + �M�� init process �N�|�b�Ҧ��� ``on'' port �W���s�Ұ� getty + process �C�z�i�H�ΤU�C���O���ˬd�z�� port �O���O�i�H login �F + + <verb> + ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1' + </verb> + + <p>�z�|���������o�˪����G : + + <verb> + 747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1 + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn���� dumb terminal �s�W FreeBSD ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�z�n��O���q�������O FreeBSD ���ݾ�����, �z�u�ݭn�b��̪� + serial port �����o�@�� null modem �ƽu�Y�i�C�p�G�z���@�ӯu���ݾ� + ����, �ݬݥ������O���a�C + + <p>�M��, ���W�@�Ӱ��D�@�˭ק� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�z��@�� WYSE-50 �ݾ����b�Ĥ��� + serial port �W����, �N�n�γo�˪��]�w : + + <verb> + ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure + </verb> + + <p>�o�ӨҤl�ܽd���O <tt>/dev/ttyd4</tt> �ҥN���� port �Ϊ��O wyse50 �� + �ݾ�, �s�u�t�� 38400 bps, ���ϥΦP���ˬd (<tt/std.38400/ �O�q + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?gettytab" + name="/etc/gettytab"> �]�w��) �ӥB <tt/root/ �i�H login (secure) �C + + <sect1> + <heading>������ڤ������ <tt/tip/ �� <tt/cu/ �O ?</heading> + + <p>�b�z���t�Τ�, <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" + name="tip"> �M <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu" + name="cu"> �ܥi��u��� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uucp" name="uucp"> �ϥΪ̩M + <tt/dialer/ �s�դ~�����C�z�i�H�� <tt/dialer/ �s�ըӱ���쩳���֥i + �H�s���z�� modem �H�λ��ݨt�ΡC�z�u�n��z�ۤv�[�� dialer �s�դ��N�i + �H�F�C + + <p>�t�~�@�ؤ�k�O, �z�i�H���z�t�ΤW�Ҧ��ϥΪ̳��i�H���� <tt/tip/ �M + <tt/cu/ , �u�n�z + + <verb> + # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu + # chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD ���䴩�ڪ� stock Hayes modem --- �ڭn���� ?</heading> + + <p>�ƹ�W, <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" + name="tip"> �� man page �w�g�L�ɤF�C�@�몺 Hayes dialer �w�g���ئb�t + �Τ��C�z�u�n�b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> + ���w ``<tt/at=hayes/'' �N�i�H�F�C + + <p>�i�����O, Hayes ���X�ʵ{�������o��, ���Ƿs modem �W���i���\�०�L�k + ���ѥX�� --- �Ҧp <tt/BUSY/ , <tt/NO DIALTONE/ , �άO + <tt/CONNECT 115200/ �o�����T�����N�|�d�V�C�z�b�ϥ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> ���ɭԥ��� + �⥦������ (�� <tt/ATX0&W/) �C + + <p>�٦�, <tt/tip/ �� dial �O�ɮɶ��O 60 ���C�z�� modem �i��n�]�o��u, + �_�h tip �|�{���o�ͤF�q�T�W�����D�C�ոլ�<tt/ATS7=45&W/ �C + + <p>�ƹ�W <tt/tip/ �٨S�������䴩���C�ѨM��k�O�h�ק� + <tt>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</tt> �ؿ��̪� <tt/tipconf.h/ �C����M�z + �����n����l�{���X�~��o�C + + <p>�� ``<tt/#define HAYES 0/'' �令 ``<tt/#define HAYES 1/'' �C�M�� + ``<tt/make/'' �� ``<tt/make install/'' �C����@�����|��_���`�F�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڤ���ɭԭn������J AT ���O ?<label id="direct-at"> + </heading> + + <p>�b�z�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" + name="/etc/remote"> �ɸ̥[�@�� ``<tt/direct/'' �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�z�� + modem �s���b�Ĥ@�� serial port, <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>, �h�z�n�[�J�U�� + �o�@�� : + + <verb> + cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none + </verb> + + <p>�b br �椤�]�w�z modem �Ҥ䴩���̰��t�C����, ��J <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip cuaa0"> ���� + �z�N�s�W�z�� modem �F�C + + <p>�p�G�z���t�ΤW�S�� <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt> , �z�N���o�� : + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV cuaa0 + </verb> + + <p>�άO�z�i�H�� root ���� cu ���O, ���o�� : + + <verb> + # cu -l``line'' -s``speed'' + </verb> + + <p>�o�̪� line �O���z�� serial port (�Ҧp <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>) , speed + �O���z���ǿ�t�� (�Ҧp <tt>57600</tt>) �C�p�G�z�U�� AT ���O��, ��J + <tt>~.</tt> �i�H���}�C + + <sect1> + <heading>pn �椤�� <tt/@/ ����ΤF !</heading> + + <p>�q�ܸ��X�椤�� <tt/@/ �O���O�Ψӧi�D tip �h <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones(5)" + name="/etc/phones"> ��q�ܸ��X�C���O <tt/@/ �P�ɤ]�O <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> + �o���ɮפ����S���r���C�z�i�H�[�W�ϱu : + + <verb> + pn=\@ + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn���b�R�O�C�U���q�ܩO ?</heading> + + <p>�b�z�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" + name="/etc/remote"> ��@�� ``<tt/generic/''�C�|�Ҩӻ� : + + <verb> + tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: + tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: + </verb> + + <p>�M��z�N�i�H�� ``<tt/tip -115200 5551234/'' �o�˥ΤF�C�p�G�z����� + �w�� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu" name="cu"> + ����, �ϥ� generic cu ��� : + + <verb> + cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: + </verb> + + <p>�M���J ``<tt/cu 5551234 -s 115200/'' �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڨC���Ϊ��ɭԳ��n��J bps �t�� ?</heading> + + <p>�z�i�H�ϥ����� <tt/tip1200/ �άO <tt/cu1200/ �����, ���L�b�z�ϥΤ� + �e�Х��T�w�z�� br ��i�H�䴩�o�ӳt�סC<htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> �{�� 1200 + bps �O�@�ӫܦn���w�]��, �o�]�N�O������n�s�� ``<tt/tip1200/'' ����] + �F�C���M�z�]�i�H���n�� 1200 bps �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�z�L�@�x terminal server �Ӧs���D���C</heading> + + <p>���F�C�����z�s�W server ����J ``<tt/CONNECT <host>/'' �H�~, + ����n����k�O�� tip �� <tt/cm/ �C�|�Ҩӻ�, �ݬ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" name="/etc/remote"> : + + <verb> + pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ + :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: + muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ + :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: + deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ + :dv=/dev/cua02:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234: + </verb> + + <p>�i�H���z�u�� ``<tt/tip pain/'' �άO ``<tt/tip muffin/'' �N�i�H�s�W + pain �� muffin ; �M�� ``<tt/tip deep13/'' �i�H�s�W terminal server�C + + <sect1> + <heading>tip �i�H�b�@���s�u����ܦh�x������ ?</heading> + + <p>�q�`�o�Ӱ��D�o�ͦb : �@���j�Ǧ��@�� modem , �ӥB���W�d�W�ǥͭn��... + + <p>�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote" + name="/etc/remote"> �̬��z���j�dz]�@�����, �èϥ� <tt>\@</tt> �@�� + ���� <tt/pn/ : + + <verb> + big-university:\ + :pn=\@:tc=dialout + dialout:\ + :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none: + </verb> + + <p>�M��, ��j�Ǫ������q�ܩ�b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?phones" name="/etc/phones"> + �� : + + <verb> + big-university 5551111 + big-university 5551112 + big-university 5551113 + big-university 5551114 + </verb> + + <p><htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> + �|�̷Ӫ��C�����Ǩ̦��|��, �̫���C�p�G�z�n�@���ժ���, �z�i�H�b + while �j��̰��� <tt/tip/ �C + + <sect1> + <heading>������ګ��⦸ CTRL+P, �i�O�o�u�e�X�F�@�� CTRL+P ?</heading> + + <p>CTRL+P �O���w�� ``force'' �r��, �Ψӧi�D <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> �U�@�Ӧr�� + �O�@��r���C�z�i�H�ǥ� <tt/~s/ (�N�� ``�]�w�ܼ�'') ���L�r���]���j + ���r���C + + <p>��J ``<tt/~sforce=<single-char>/'' �᭱���@�� newline �C + <tt/<single-char>/ �i�H�O���N��@�r���C�p�G�z�u�� + <tt/<single-char>/ , �h nul �N�Q�]���O force character, �z�i + �H�ǥѫ� CTRL+2 �άO CTRL+SPACE �ӫ��X nul �CSHIFT+CTRL+6 �O�@�Ӥ� + ���� <tt/<single-char>/ , �ڬݹL�@�Dzݾ����O�o��]�w�C + + <p>�z�]�i�H�b <tt>$HOME/.tiprc</tt> ���]�w force character : + + <verb> + force=<single-char> + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>��M���ڥ����F�賣�ܦ��j�g�F ??</heading> + + <p>�z���ӬO����F CTRL+A, �b <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip" name="tip"> �����S�� + caps-lock �䪺�ϥΪ̩ҳ]�p�� ``raise character''�C�z�i�H���W�Ӱ��D + �@�˧Q�� <tt/~s/ �ӧ� ``raisechar'' �o���ܼƧ令�X�z���ȡC�ƹ�W, + �p�G�z�{���z�û������|�Ψ�o��ӥ\���, �z�i�H�⥦�]���� force + character �@�ˡC + + <p>�U���O�@�Ӭ� Emacs �ϥΪ̩ҳ]�w�� .tiprc , Emacs �ϥΪ̱`�`�|�Ψ� + CTRL+2 �M CTRL+A : + + <verb> + force=^^ + raisechar=^^ + </verb> + + <p>^^ �N�O SHIFT+CTRL+6 �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn�p��ϥ� <tt/tip/ �Ӷ��ɮשO ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�z���ﹳ�]�O UNIX �t�Ϊ���, �z�i�H�� <tt/~p/ (put) �M <tt/~t/ + (take) �Ӧ��e��ơC�o��өR�O�|�b���ݾ������� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cat" name="cat"> �M <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?echo" name="echo"> �Ӧ��e�� + �סC�Ϊk�O : + + <verb> + ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>] + ~t <remote-file> [<local-file>] + </verb> + + <p>�����|�����~�ˬd, �ҥH�z�̦n�ΧO���q�T��w, �Ҧp zmodem �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn���� <tt/tip/ �Ӷ] zmodem �O ?</heading> + + <p>����, �q ports ����@�� zmodem �{���Ӧw �� (�Ҧp�b comms �ؿ��U�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^lrzsz" + name="lrzsz"> �άO <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?^rzsz" name="rzsz"> ) �C + + <p>�b�����ɮפ譱, �z�n���b���ݱҰʶǰe�{���C�M��� enter �A��J + ``<tt/~C rz/'' (�p�G�z�w�� lrzsz ���ܴN�n�� ``<tt/~C lrz/'') �N�i�H + �}�l�����F�C + + <p>�b�ǰe�ɮפ譱, �z�n���b���ݱҰʶǰe�{���C�M��� enter �A��J + ``<tt/~C sz <files>/'' (�άO ``<tt/~C lsz <files>/'') �N + �i�H���ɮװe�컷�ݨt�ΤF�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�N��ڳ]�w�L�~, FreeBSD �n���٬O�䤣��ڪ� serial port ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�z���D���O�άO�d�W���Ψ� Acer �� UART ��������, FreeBSD �b�}���� + �� sio �����i��|�����T�C�z�i�H�q <url + url="http://www.lemis.com/serial-port-patch.html" name="www.lemis.com"> + ��� patch �ӭץ��o�Ӱ��D�C + + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48e3bbc14b --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/troubleshoot.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,446 @@ +<!-- $Id: troubleshoot.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by corona@tale.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.9 --> + + <sect> + <heading>�`�����D�ѨM<label id="troubleshoot"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��w�Ц��a�y!<label id="awre"></heading> + + <p>�Y�O SCSI �w�Ъ��ܡA���Ӧ���O�۰ʧ@ re-mapping ���ʧ@�C + �M�ӡA�]���@�ǯ������]���A�b�X�t�ɡA�ܦh�w�Ъ��o���\��O������. + <p>�n�N�䭫�s�}�ҡA�z�ݭn�s��˸m���Ĥ@�� page �Ҧ� + �]first device page mode�^�A�b FreeBSD �W�i�H�ΤU�������O��� + �]�H root ��������^ + + <verb> + scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3 + </verb> + + <p>�M��N AWRE �M ARRE ���ƭȱq 0 �ܦ� 1:- + + <verb> + AWRE (Auto Write Reallocation Enbld): 1 + ARRE (Auto Read Reallocation Enbld): 1 + </verb> + + <p>�W���o�q�O�� + <url url="mailto:tedm@toybox.placo.com" name="Ted Mittelstaedt">�Ҵ���: + + <p>�Y�� IDE �w�СA�����a�y�q�`���O�·Ъ��w���C�ثe�Ҧ����s�� IDE �w + �СA���������۰� remapping �a�y����O�C�ثe�Ҧ� IDE �w�лs�y�ӡA������ + �F��[���O�ҡA�ӥB�|���z�X�{�a�y���w�СC + + <p>�p�G�z���Q�n�״_�����a�y�� IDE �w�СA�z���i�H�յۥh�U�� IDE �w�лs�y + �өҴ��Ѫ��˴��{���A�åΥ����ˬd�z���w�СC���ɳo�dzn��i�H�j���w�йq�� + ���s�ˬd�w�Ъ��a�y�A�ñN���̼ХܥX��. + + <p>�� ESDI�ARLL �� MFM ���w�Шӻ��A�q�`�a�y�O���`�{�H�A�]���O����·Ъ� + �e���C�b PC �W�A�Ϻб���d�M BIOS �t�d�Х��a�y�����ȡC�o��@�Ǩϥ� BIOS + �Ӧs���ϺЪ��@�~����(�p DOS)�O�S�����D���C�M�ӡAFreeBSD ���Ϻ��X�ʵ{�� + �ä��g�L BIOS �Ӧs���ϺСA�ҥH�A���� bad144 ������ΨӨ��N�o���\��C + bad144 �u��Φb wd �o�ӺϺ��X�ʵ{���W�A���L�k�Φb SCSI �w�ФW�Cbad144 + ���u�@��k�O�N�Ҧ���쪺�a�y��Ʀs��@�ӯS�O���ɮ��ءC + + <p>�ϥ� bad144 ��ĵ�i - �s���a�y��ƪ��S�O�ɮO��b�w�Ъ��̫�@�y + �W�C�]���o���ɮ��x�s���a�y��Ƥ��A���i��Ǹ�ƬO���V�w�г̫e�ݩҵo�� + ���a�y���ΡA�N�O�i���x�s /kernel �o���ɪ��a��A�ҥH���@�w�n��Q�}���{�� + ��Ū���A�Ӷ}���{���O�z�L BIOS ��Ū�� kernel �ɡC�o���ܤF�ϥ� bad144 �� + �w�е�����֦��W�L 1024 �� cylinder�A16 �� head �� 63 �� sector�C + �o�y���F�ϥ� bad144 ���w�Ъ��j�p����j�� 500 MB�C + + <p>�n�ϥ� bad144 ��²��A�u�n�b�}�l�w�ˮɡA�b FreeBSD fdisk �e���� + "Bad Block" ���˳]�� ON �Y�i�C�b FreeBSD 2.2.7 �H�᳣�i�H�ϥΦ���k�C + ���o�ӵw�Ъ� cylinder �@�w�n�b 1024 �H�U�C�ϥΫe�A�ڭ̫�ij�o�ӵw�Эn + �ܤ֥��ϥΥ|�Ӥp�ɡA�H�K�����ȻP�ϭy�����F�@�몬�A�C + + <p>�p�G�o�ӵw�о֦��W�L 1024 �� cylinder (���j�e�q�� ESDI �w��)�A + ESDI ����d�Q�Τ@�ӯS�O���ഫ�Ҧ��ϥ���b DOS �U�u�@�C + �Ӧp�G�z�b fdisk �ت� "set geometry" ����J "�ഫ�L" �� geometry�Awd �o + ���X�ʵ{����F�ѳo���ഫ�Ҧ��C�z�]���藍��ϥ� dangerously dedicated �� + ���ӫإ� FreeBSD �����ΰϡA�]�����|���� geometry �o�ӰѼơC + ���~�A�N�� fdisk �ϥαz�ҿ�J�� geometry �ѼơA���̵M�|�hŪ���o�w�Ъ� + �u����ơA�ӷ|���եh�إߤ@�ӹL�j�� FreeBSD ���ΰϡC�p�G�ϺЪ� geometry + �w�g�Q "�ഫ" �L�F�A����o�Ӥ��ΰ� "����" �H��ʿ�J block �ƥت���k�� + �إߡC + + <p>�@�ӧֳt���p�ޥ��O�Q�� ESDI ����d�ӳ]�w�j�e�q�� ESDI �w�СA�� DOS �} + �����}���A�A�N�� format �� DOS �����ΰϡC�M�᭫�}���i�J FreeBSD �w�˵{�� + �A�b fdisk �e���A��DOS ���ΰϪ� blocksize �M block number �ۤU�ӡC�M�᭫ + �s�]�w geometry �Ϩ�� DOS �ϥΪ��@�ˡC�R�� DOS ���ΰϡA�M��ϥαz���� + �U�� blocksize �ӫإߤ@�� cooperative FreeBSD ���ΰϡC�M��]�w�o�Ӥ��ΰ� + ���i�}���A�A���}�a�y���ˡC�b�u�����w�˹L�{���Abad144 �|�b�����ɮרt�γQ + �إ߫e���Q����C(�z�i�H�� Alt-F2 �Ӻʬݳo�@��)�p�G�b�إ��a�y����ɮɵo�� + �F���D�A�z�|�ݭn�]�w�@�Ӹ��j���Ϻ� geometry - �o���ܱz�ݭn���}���A�M��� + ���A���s�}�l (�]�A���s���ΥH�Φb DOS �U���s format)�C + + <p>�p�G remapping ���\��w�g�ҰʤF�A�ӱz�̵M�@���ݨ��a�y���͡A����Ҽ{ + ���@�x�w�Чa�C�a�y�����Υu�|�H�ɶ��W�[�ӧ��Y���C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD �줣��ڪ� Bustek 742a EISA SCSI �d!</heading> + + <p>�U������T�O�� 742a �o�i�d�Ϊ��A���O��L Buslogic ���d�γ\�]�i�H + �A�ΡC (Bustek �N�O Buslogic) + + <p>742a �o�i�d����ӥD�n���u�����v�C�@�ӬO���� A-G�A�t�@�ӬO���� H + �Ψ�H��C������T�i�H�q�����d��t���y�����̫᭱�o���C742a �o�i + �d����Ӱ�Ū�����b���W���A�@�ӬO BIOS �����A�ӥt�@�ӬO���鴹���C + FreeBSD �ä��b�G�z�d�W�� BIOS �����A���O���骺�����N�ܭ��n�F�C�p�G + �A���q�ܵ��L�̧N�䴩�M�u���ܡA�L�̷|�H���z�̷s�������ѱz�ɯšC + BIOS �M���鴹���O�@�_�e�Ӫ��C �z�ݭn�N�d�W BIOS �M���骩���A�̱z�d + ���������P�A�ɯŨ�̷s���@���C + + <p>���� A-G ���d�̰��u��N BIOS/���� �ɯŨ� 2.41/2.21 ���A�Ӫ��� H + ��A�ثe BIOS/���骺�̷s�����O 4.70/3.37�C�o��Ӷ��骩�������t���b + ��A3.37 �o���䴩 ``round robin'' + + <p>Buslogic ���d�W���]�����Ǹ��C�p�G�z�d���������¡A�z�i�H�յۥ��q + �ܵ� Buslogic ��RMA �����A�M�ᵹ�L�̱z���Ǹ��A�ݯण���L�̥洫�@ + �i���s�������d�C�p�G���i�d���ª��ܡA�L�̷|�����A�C + + <p>FreeBSD 2.1 �u�䴩���� 2.21 ���H�᪺�����C�p�G�z���骩����o���� + �ª��ܡA����z���d�N����Q���ѥX�O Buslogic ���d�C�����i��|�Q���Ѧ� + Adaptec 1540�C������ Buslogic �d�W�����馳�@�� AHA1540``����''�Ҧ��A + �o��@�i EISA �d�ӻ��ä��O��n�ơC + + <p>�p�G�z���@�i���ª������d�A�ӱz���o 2.21 �����骺�ܡA�z�ݭn�ˬd�@�U + jumper W1 ����m�A�N���զ� B-C�A��l�]�w�O A-B�C + + <p>742a EISA �d�S���b <ref id="bigram" name="�b�֦� >16 MB �O���骺�����W"> + �o�q���Ҵ��L�� ``>16MB'' ���D�C�o�Ӱ��D�u�|�o�ͦb Vesa-Local �y�ƪ� + Buslogic SCSI �d�W�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + FreeBSD �줣��ڪ� HP Netserver �� SCSI ����d�I + </heading> + + <p>�W�o�ӬO�@�Ӥw�������D�C�b HP Netserver �����W�� on-board + EISA ���� SCSI ����d�e�ڤF�w�}���� 11 �� EISA �ѡA�]���Ҧ��� ``�u��'' + EISA �ѳ��b�����e�C�i�O�A�b EISA �w�}�Ŷ� >= 10 �ɡA�|�P���w�� PCI + �Ϊ��w�}�Ŷ��۽Ĭ�A�B FreeBSD �� auto-configuration �L�k���T���B�z + �o�ӱ��ΡC + + <p>�]���A�{�b�A�వ���̦n�Ʊ��N�O�b kernel �س]�w <tt/EISA_SLOTS/ + �o�ӿﶵ�� 12 �A�M����@�S���o�Ӱ��D :)�C + �Ш̷� <url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" + name="Handbook ������ kernel ���]�w"> �ةһ�����k�� + �]�w�P�sĶ�z�� kernel + + <p>���M�A�b�w�˨�o�ؾ����W�ɡA�o�O�@�����ͳJ�J���������D�C + ���F�ѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A�b <em>UserConfig</em> �����@�ӯS�O����k�A + �w�ˮɤ��n�i�J ``visual'' �����A�ۤϪ��A�b�R�O�C�Ҧ����A��J + + <verb> + eisa 12 + quit + </verb> + + <p>�M��N�p�H���@�˦w�˱z���t�ΡC���M�ڭ̫�ij�z�sĶ�P�w�ˤ@�� + �ݩ�ۤv�� kernel�A�� + + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?dset" name="dset"> + �{�b�]�w�g�F�ѳo�ӰѼơA�B�|�x�s���C + + <p>�Ʊ�A�b���Ӫ����������o�Ӱ��D���@�Ӧn���ѨM��k�C + + <p><tt/�`�N:/ �z�L�k�b HP Netserver �W�ϥ� <bf/dangerously dedicated/ + �ϺмҦ��C�z�i�H�Ѧ� <ref id="dedicate" name="�o������">�H��o��h + ��T�C + + <sect1> + <heading>CMD640 IDE ������X�F������D?</heading> + + <p>�������D�b��L�k�P�ɳB�z��� channel �����O�C + + <p>�{�b�w�g���ӸѨM��k�F�A�B�|�۰ʦb�z�ϥγo�������ɱҰʡC + �p�G�ݭn��Ժɪ������A�Ьd�\�����Ϻ��X�ʵ{��������(man 4 wd) + + <p>�p�G�z�ثe�O�ϥ� CMD640 IDE ������A�[�W FreeBSD 2.2.1 �� + 2.2.2�A�ӥB�z�S�Q�n�ϥΨ�ĤG�� channel �ɡA�Цb�z�� kernel �] + �w���[�J <tt/options "CMD640"/ �M�᭫�s�sĶ�@�ӷs�� kernel�C + �o�� option �b 2.2.5 ���H��O���w�Ұʪ��C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڤ@���ݨ����� ``<tt/ed1: timeout/'' ���T��</heading> + + <p>�o�ӳq�`�O�ѩ��_�Ĭ�(interrupt conflict)�ҳy���� (�Ҧp�A����d + �ϥΨ�F�ۦP�� IRQ)�C FreeBSD �b 2.0.5 ���H�e���e�\�o�ӱ��ΡA + �N�⦳ IRQ �Ĭ𱡧ΡA�����d�]���Ӥ��i���`�B�@�C + �M�ӡA�b 2.0.5 ���Ψ�H��A�w���A�e�\�� IRQ �Ĭ𪺱��ΤF�C + �Щ�}���ɨϥ� -c �o�ӿﶵ�A�M���� ed0/de0/..�C�����]�w�A�Ϩ� + �M�z�����d�������]�w�@�P�C + + <p>�p�G�z�O�ϥαz�����d�W�� BNC ���Y�A�z�γ\�]�|�]���}���ݹq���]�w�A + �ӵo�˸m (device) timeout �����ΡC�n�ˬd�O�_���o�ر��ΡA�z�i�H�b + �����d�W�������W�ݹq�� (���n�������u)�A�M��ݬݳo�ӿ��~�T���O���O + �N�����F�C + + <p>���� NE2000 ���ۮe�d�A�p�G���� UTP ��S���������u�A�άO�Ӻ����u�� + �S�Q�ϥΪ��ܡA�]�|�X�{�o�ӿ��~�T���C + + <sect1> + <heading>�b�ڷQ�n���W CDROM �ɡA�X�{``Incorrect super block''���T��</heading> + + <p>�z�����i�D + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" name="mount"> + �z�Q���W�� device ���ɮ榡�C�b��l�]�w�ءA + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" name="mount"> + �|���]�z���ɮ榡�� ``<tt/ufs/''�C�p�G�z�Q�n���W CD-ROM �ت��ɮסA + �z�ݭn�b <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" + name="mount">�C + �ɫ��w ``<tt/-t cd9660/'' �o�ӿﶵ�C���M�A�o�O���]���Ф��O�ϥ� + ISO 9660 ���ɮרt�� (���j�h�ƥ��Ф��ҬO�γo�M�ɮרt��) + �B�b 1.1 ���H��AFreeBSD �w�g��ݱo�� Rock Ridge (���ɦW) �o�ө����榡�C + + <p>�|�Ҩӻ��A�p�G�z�Q�N ``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>'' �o�� CDROM �˸m (device) + ���b <tt>/mnt</tt> �U�A�z�ݭn����: + + <verb> + mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt + </verb> + + <p>�n�`�N���O�A�z���˸m�W�٥i��|���@�� (�b���d�Ҥ��O + ``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>''�A���O�ھڱz�� CDROM �����өw���C + �t�~�n�`�N���A``<tt/-t cd9660/'' �o�ӿﶵ�u�O�I�s + ``<tt/mount_cd9660/'' �o�ӫ��O�A�ҥH�W���o�ӽd�� + �]�i�H�Y�u��: + + <verb> + mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڷQ���W CDROM �ɡA�X�{�F ``Device not configured'' �����~�T�� + </heading> + + <p>�o�q�`�O���ܱz�� CD-ROM �ح��S�����Ф��A�Ϊ̬O�o�x�����L�k�Q + �y�� (bus) ���C������Ф��b���о��ءA�p�G���O IDE (ATAPI) �� + ���о����ܡA�ˬd�@�U���� master/slave ���A�C���о��q�`�ݭn�X���� + ���ɶ��~��Ƨ� (ready)�A�ҥH�Э@�ߵ��ԡC + + <p>���ɳo�O�o�ͦb SCSI CD-ROM �W�A�]�����b�y�ƭ��m (bus reset) + �ɨӤ��Φ^���A�ҥH�����F�C�p�G�z�֦����O SCSI CD-ROM�A�й��զb + kernel �]�w�ɤ��[�J�H�U���]�w�A�M�᭫�s�sĶ�C + + <verb> + options "SCSI_DELAY=15" + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��L���t�ׯ}�ѯ�C�C�ڸӫ�H</heading> + + + <p>�p�G�O�����A�B�ߤ@�����D�N�O�t�ܺC���ܡA�յ۳]�w�z�� + �L������ ``polled'' �Ҧ�: + + <verb> + lptcontrol -p + </verb> + + <p>���Ƿs�� HP �L�������G�L�k�b interrupt �Ҧ������`�u�@�A + �ܩ��㪺�O�]���@�Ǯɯ߰��D (���٤��O���A�Ѭ�����|�p��) + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ��{�����ɷ|�] ``Signal 11'' �o�ӿ��~�Ӱ���</heading> + + <p>�o�ӳq�`�O�]�������D���w�� (�O����A�D���O����) �ҳy����. + �ոզb�z�� PC �W�]�ӰO������յ{���ݬݡC�`�N�A�N��z�չL���C�@�ذO + ������յ{�����^�����z���O����S�����D�A���O�A���@�ǧC�~�誺�O����A + ���M��q�L�O������աA���L�b�u���u�@�ɫo�|�X���D (�Ҧp�q + Adaptec 1542 ���� SCSI ����d�� bus mastering DMA�B�b�s�� kernel �ɡB + �άO�t�Ϊ��t���ܰ���) + + <p>SIG11 FAQ (��}�b�U��) ���X�O���骺�t�פ����ֳq�`�O�o�Ӱ��D����]�C + �յۦb�z�� BIOS �]�w���W�[�O���� wait ���A���ɶ��A�άO��֪��O�� + ��C + + <p>�H�ڦӨ��A�ڴ��J�L�Ѥ��}���֨��O����άO���}�� on-board �֨��d + �ҳy�����o�Ӱ��D�C�յۦb BIOS �]�w������ on-board (�ĤG��) �֨��A + �ݬݳo�˯ण��ѨM�o�Ӱ��D + + <p>�o��@���ܦn�� FAQ: + <url url="http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/" name="SIG11 ���D�� FAQ"> + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڶ}���ɡA�ù��ܶ¡A�B�����{�ʡI</heading> + + <p>�o�Ӱ��D�A�w���O�� ATI Mach 64 ��ܥd�Ҥް_���C�]���o���d�ϥΨ� + <tt/2e8/ �o�Ӧ�}�A�ӳo�P�ĥ|�ӧǦC��(serial port)�ҨϥΪ���}�ۦP�C�� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" name="sio.c"> + �o���X�ʵ{���A�����D�O bug �άO�\��(feather)�A�N��z�S���ĥ|�ӧǦC��A + �άO�w�g�N sio3 (�ĥ|�ӧǦC��^�����F�A���̵M�|�h�����X�ʥ��C + + <p>����o�Ӱ��D�Q�ѨM�H�e�A�z�i�H�ϥγo�Ӥ�k�G + + <enum> + <item>�b�}�����ܡ]�ݨ�<tt/boot:/ �ɡ^���J <tt/-c/�C �]�o�|�� kernel + �i�J�]�w�Ҧ��^ + + <item>���� <tt/sio0/�A<tt/sio1/�A<tt/sio2/ and <tt/sio3/ �]�����^ + �o�i�H�� sio �X�ʵ{�����ʧ@ -> ��O���D�ѨM�C + + <item>��J exit �H�~��Ұʵ{�� + </enum> + + <p>�p�G�z�Q�n�ϥαz���ǦC��A�z�ݭn�ק� + <tt>/usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</tt>�A�b���ɤ���X <tt/0x2e8/ �o�Ӧr�� + �����o�Ӧr��Υ��e�����r���]�O�d�᭱���^�A�M�᭫�s�sĶ�@�ӷs�� kernel + + <p>�N��ϥΤF�W���o�Ǥ�k�AX Window ���M���i��L�k���Q����C���Ƿs�� + ATI Mach 64 ��ܥd�]�S�O�O ATI Mach Xpression�^�A�L�k�b�ثe������ + <tt/XFree86/ �W���`�u�@�F�Ұ� X Window �ɿù��ܶ¡A�άO�|���_�Ǫ����D + �o�͡C�z�i�H�� <url url="http://www.xfree86.org" name="XFree86 ������"> + ��� new beta release �o�ӳs��(link)�A�Ө��o X-server �� beta ���A���� + �ۮe�������ӴN����n�F�C�z�ݭn���o�U�C�o���ɮסG + + <p><tt>AccelCards�ABetaReport�ACards�ADevices�AFILES�AREADME.ati�A + README.FreeBSD�AREADME.Mach64�ARELNOTES�AVGADriver.Doc�A + X312BMa64.tgz</tt> + + <p>�H�o���ɮר��N�z�즳�����ɮסA�M����O�A�] <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xf86config" + name="xf86config"> �@�M�C + + <sect1> + <heading> + �ڦ� 128 MB �� RAM�A���O�t�Υu�Ψ䤤�� 64MB + <label id="reallybigram"> + </heading> + + <p>�]�� FreeBSD �O�ϥΩI�s BIOS �Ө��o�O����j�p����k�A�]�����u�� + ������ 16 bits �줸���ת� KByte �j�p (65535 KBytes = 64MB) + (�Ϊ̧��..�C���� BIOS �N�̰��O����j�p�����u�� 16MB) + �p�G�z�֦� 64MB �H�W�� RAM�AFreeBSD �|���եh�����X���A���O���i�� + �|���ѡC + + <p>�n�ѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A�z�ݭn�ϥΤU���Ҵ��� kernel �]�w�ﶵ�C + ���M����k�i�H�q BIOS �����o�O���骺�����T�A���O�ثe�ڭ̦b + bootblock ���èS���h�l���Ŷ��Ӱ��o��ơC���Y�� bootblock �Ŷ� + ������������o�ѨM�ɡA�ڭ̱N�|�ϥ� BIOS �������\��Ө��o�O�� + �骺�����T...���{�b�ڭ̱N����b kernel �]�w�ﶵ���C + + <tt> + options "MAXMEM=<n>" + </tt> + + <p><tt/n/ �O���z���O����j�p�A�H KB �����C�H�@�x�� 128MB RAM �� + �����ӻ��A�z�i�ϥ� <tt/131072/ �o�ӼƦr�C + + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD 2.0 �]�� ``kmem_map too small!'' �ӵo�� panic�I</heading> + + <p><tt /�`�N/ �o�ӰT���]���i��O ``mb_map too small!'' + + <p>�o�� panic �O���ܨt�ΥΥ��F�������w�İϪ��Ҧ��������O���� (�S + �O�O mbuf clusters)�C�z�i�H�W�[�� mbuf clusters �� VM ���ƶq�A + �u�n�[�J: + + <p><tt>options "NMBCLUSTERS=<n>"</tt> + + <p>�b�z�� kernel �]�w�ɤ��A<n> �O�@�Ӧb 512-4096 �����Ʀr�A + �̱z�Q���Ѧh�֦P�ɪ� TCP �s���ƥئh��өw�C�ڷ|��ij�ո� 2048 - + �o�Ʀr���ӥi�H�����קK�o�� panic �F�C�z�i�H����: + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat" + name="netstat -m"> �Ӻʬݦ��h�� mbuf clusters + �b�t�ΤW���Q �t�m/�ϥΡCNMBCLUSTERS ���ƭȤ��w�� + <tt/512 + MAXUSERS * 16/�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ηs kernel �}���ɡA�X�{ ``CMAP busy panic'' �o�ӿ��~�T��</heading> + + <p>�ΨӰ����L�� <tt>/var/db/kvm_*.db</tt> �ɮת�������|"�X��" + �ӨϥΤ@�ӧt�����T��ƪ��ɮצ��ɴN�|�ɭP panic�C + + <p>�p�G�o�ͤF�o�Ӱ��D�A�Э��s�}���A�i�J��ϥΪ̼Ҧ��A�M�����: + + <verb> + rm /var/db/kvm_*.db + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>ahc0: brkadrint�A Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0</heading> + + <p>�o�O�@�өM Ultrastor SCSI ����d�������Ĭ� + + <p>�b�}���ɡA�i�J kernel �]�w��� + ���� <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uha(4)" + name="uha0">�A���O�y���o�Ӱ��D����] + + <sect1> + <heading>Sendmail �@����� ``mail loops back to myself''</heading> + + <p>�o�Ӱ��D�b sendmail �� FAQ ���O�o�˦^����:- + <verb> + * �ڤ@�����즳�� "Local configuration error" ���H��A�Ҧp: + + 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself + 554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error + + �ڭn�p��ѨM�o�Ӱ��D? + + �z�Q�� MX �]�w�A���n�H��Y domain (�p: domain.net) ���H��A + �H��z�ҫ��w������ (�b�o�ӨҤl���� relay.domain.net)�A���O�o + �������å��Q�]�w���� domain.net ���H��C�� domain.net �[�� + /etc/sendmail.cw �� (�p�G�z���ϥ� FEATURE(use_cw_file)) �άO + �b sendmail.cf ���[�J "Cw domain.net" + </verb> + + <p><url + url="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" + name="sendmail FAQ"> �{�b�w���A�H�� sendmail "�X�f"�C + ���ثe�O�Q�w�����o���b: + <url url="news:comp.mail.sendmail" name="comp.mail.sendmail">�A + <url url="news:comp.mail.misc" name="comp.mail.misc">�A + <url url="news:comp.mail.smail" name="comp.mail.smail">�A + <url url="news:comp.answers" name="comp.answers">�A�M + <url url="news:news.answers" name="news.answers">�C + �z�]�i�H�H�@�� Email �� + <url url="mailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu" + name="mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu">�A�M��b�H�夤�g�W + "send usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" �o�ӫ��O + �H���o�o�����C + + <sect1> + <heading>�b���ݾ���(remote machine)������ù����n��ɡA�������`�����ΡI + </heading> + <p>�γ\���ݾ����ëD�N�z���ݾ��κA�]�� FreeBSD console �ҥ� + �� <tt>cons25</tt>�A�ӬO�]���䥦�����C + <p>�o��X�ӸѨM�o�Ӱ��D����k: + <itemize> + <item>�b logging �i���ݾ�����A���z�� shell �ܼ� TERM �� + <tt>ansi</tt> �άO <tt>sco</tt>�C + <item>�b local �ݥΤ@�ǥi�H���� VT100 ���������A�p <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?screen-" name="screen">�C + <tt>screen</tt> ���ѱz�b�@�� terminal �ئP�ɶ]�n�X�� session + ����O�A�ӥB�������]�O�@�Ӭ۷��n���n��C + <item>�b���ݾ������ݾ���Ʈw(terminal database)���[�J + <tt>cons25</tt> ����ơC + <item>�Ұ� X �M��Q�� <tt>xterm</tt> �� login �i���ݪ������C + </itemize> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ������@����� "calcru: negative time..."</heading> + <p>���_ �]interrupt�^ ���������P�w�� �P/�� �n�骺�f�t�����i��y�� + �o�Ӱ��D�C�o���i��O bug �άO�Y�Ӹ˸m���������D�C�b�����W�ϥ� + �j�� MTU �ӧ@ TCP/IP �ǿ�i�H���{�o�Ӱ��D�C�Y�O�ϧΥ[�t�d�y���o�� + ���D���ܡA�z���ӥ��ˬd�d�����_�]�w�C + + <p>�o�Ӱ��D����ڮ����O�|�y������ process �X�{ + "SIGXCPU exceeded cpu time limit" ���T���A�Ӥ����`���_ + + <p>�Y�����O 1998 �~ 11 �� 29 ��H�᪺ FreeBSD 3.0�A�p�G�o�� + ���D�@���L�k�H��L��k�ѨM�A�N�u��]�w sysctl �ܼơG +<verb> + sysctl -w kern.timecounter.method=1 +</verb> + <p> �o�˷|��կ�Ǽv�T�A���O�Y�Ҽ{��o�Ӱ��D�a�Ӫ���G�A�o�˰��O�� + �o���C�p�G�o�Ӱ��D�٬O�s�b���ܡA�N sysctl ���ӭȨ̵M�]�� 1�A�M�� + �W�[ kernel �]�w�ɤ� "NTIMECOUNTER" �o�ӿﶵ���ƭȡC�p�G�z�N + "NTIMECOUNTER" �W�[�� 20 �̵M�L�k�ѨM�o�Ӱ��D�A����z�����W�����_ + �w�g�h��L�k�O��í�w�����A�F�C + </sect> + diff --git a/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e3a85ab97f --- /dev/null +++ b/zh_TW.Big5/FAQ/x.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ +<!-- $Id: x.sgml,v 1.1.1.1 1999-01-30 23:20:34 vanilla Exp $ --> +<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> +<!-- Translate into Chinese by ijliao@dragon2.net --> +<!-- English Version: 1.6 --> + + <sect> + <heading>X Window System �� Virtual Consoles<label id="x"></heading> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڷQ�n���� X , �ڸӫ�� ?</heading> + + <p>��²�檺��k�N�O�b�w�˨t�Ϊ��ɭԤ@�֦w�ˡC + + <p>�M��ݬ� <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xf86config" + name="xf86config �� man page"> , �o�ӵ{���i�H���A�]�w XFree86(tm) �ϥ� + ����ϥΧA����ܥd/�ƹ� ���g��C + + <p>�A�γ\�]�Q�ոլ� Xaccel server , ���i�H�H�D�`�X�z������o�C�Ա��Ь� + <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> �o�@�q�C + + <sect1> + <heading>������ڤ���b X �̨ϥηƹ� ?<label id="x-and-moused"></heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�Ϊ��O syscons (���w�� console �X�ʵ{��) ����, �A�i�H�g�ѳ]�w + FreeBSD �������䴩�b�C�� virtual console �ϥηƹ��C���F�קK�M X ���ͽ� + ��, syscons �ϥΤF�@�ӥs�� "<tt>/dev/sysmouse</tt>" �������˸m�C�Ҧ��� + �����ͪ� event ���|�Q�� MouseSystems �o�Ө�w�ӶǨ� sysmouse �o�Ӹ˸m + �C�p�G�A�Ʊ�b�@�өΥH�W�� virtual console �W�ϥηƹ�, <bf/�åB/ ��� + �ϥ� X ����, �ڭ̫�ij�A�o�˳]�w : + + <verb> + /etc/rc.conf: + moused_type=ps/2 # or whatever your actual type is + moused_port=/dev/psm0 # or whatever your real port is + moused_flags= + + /etc/XF86Config + Section Pointer + Protocol "MouseSystems" + Device "/dev/sysmouse" + ..... + </verb> + + <p>���ǤH������w�b�]�w X ���ɭԥ� "<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" �o�Ӹ˸m�C�p + �G�A�n����������`�u�@����, �A�N������ "<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>" �s���� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysmouse" + name="/dev/sysmouse"> : + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # rm -f mouse + # ln -s sysmouse mouse + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>X Window �����M��ܮؤ��ॿ�`�B�@ !</heading> + + <p>�� Num Lock �����ոաC + + <p>�p�G�A�� Num Lock �b�}���ɪ��w�]�ȬO�}�۪���, �A������U�C�o���� + <tt/XF86Config/ �]�w�ɤ��� "<tt/Keyboard/" �����C + + <verb> + # Let the server do the NumLock processing. This should only be + # required when using pre-R6 clients + ServerNumLock + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>����O virtual console ? �ڭn��~��Φh�@�I ?</heading> + + <p>²��ӻ�, virtual console �N�O�i�H���A�������Ӧh�������]�w�p�ϥκ� + ���ΰ��� X , �Ӧb�P�@�O�����W�P�ɰ��n�X��ƪ���k�C + + <p>���Ұʨt�Ψ���ܧ��Ҧ��}���T������, �A�N�|�b�ù��W�ݨ�@�� login �� + ���ܲŸ��C�b�o�ӮɭԧA�N�i�H��J�A�� login name �H�� password , �M��N + �i�H�b�Ĥ@�� virtual console �W�}�l�u�@�F (�Ϊ̶}�l�� !) �C + + <p>�b�Y�DZ��p�U, �A�i��|�Q�n�@��L���u�@, �Ҧp���O�ݬݧA���b���檺�{ + �����������, �άO���A�b FTP �ǿ骺���ݮɶ����ݬݧA���l��C�A�u�ݭn�� + Alt-F2 (���� Alt �䤣��, �ë��U F2 ��) , �M��A�N�|�b�ĤG�� "virtual + console" �W�ݨ�@�� login ���ܲŸ� ! ���A�Q�n�^���Ӫ��u�@��, �Ы� + Alt-F1�C + + <p>FreeBSD �b�w�ˮɪ��w�]�ȬO�ϥΤT�� virtual console , �A�i�H�� + Alt-F1, Alt-F2, �H�� Alt-F3 �b���̤����������C + + �p�G�A�Q�n�h�@�I virtual console ����, �A�u�ݭn�s�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> �o���� + , �b "Virtual terminals" �o�ӵ��ѫ᭱�[�J "<tt/ttyv4/" �� "<tt/ttyvc/" + ����� : + + <verb> + # Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change + # "off" to "on". + ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv6 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv7 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + </verb> + + <p>�A�Q�δX�ӴN�]�X�ӡC�A�]�V�h virtual terminal , ���̴N�α��V�h�t�� + �귽 ; �p�G�A�u������ 8MB ���O���骺��, �o�v�T�N�j�F�C�A�i��]�|�Q�� + "<tt/secure/" ���� "<tt/insecure/" �C + + <p><bf/IMPORTANT NOTE/ �p�G�A�Q�n���� X ����, �A <bf/����/ �����O�d ( + ������) �ܤ֤@�� virtual terminal �C�o�N�O��, �p�G�A�Q�b���Q�G�� Alt + �\����ɳ��� login ���ܲŸ�, �ӥB�S�b�P�@���q���W�]�Q���� X ����, ���� + �o�u�O�Ӥ����F - �A�u��ΤQ�@�ӡC + + <p>�����@�� console ��²�檺��k�N�O�⥦�����C�|�Ҩӻ�, �p�G�A���W���� + ���@�˳]�w�F������ 12 �� terminal �åB�Q�n���� X , �A���ݧ� virtual + terminal 12 �q : + + <verb> + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure + </verb> + + <p>�]�� : + + <verb> + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�A����L�u�� 10 �ӥ\���䪺��, �A�N�n�令�o�� : + + <verb> + ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure + </verb> + + <p>(�A�]�i�H������o�X��屼�C) + + <p>�@���A��F <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" name="/etc/ttys"> , + �U�@�ӨB�J�N�O�n�T�w�A�������� virtual terminal �˸m�C��²�檺��k�N�O : + + <verb> + # cd /dev + # ./MAKEDEV vty12 # For 12 devices + </verb> + + <p>�A�L��, �Q�n�Ұʳo�� virtual console ��²�� (�]�O�̰��b) �����k�N�O + ���}���C�M��, �p�G�A���Q���}������, �A�i�H�� X Window ����, �M��� + <tt/root/ ����������U�C���O : + + <verb> + kill -HUP 1 + </verb> + + <p>���A����o�өR�O�e, �A�@�w�n������ X Window �����C�p�G�A���o�� + ��, �A���t�Υi��|�b�A���� kill �R�O��X�{�������ꦺ�����p�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn���q X ������ virtual console ?</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�ù��W���b��� X Window ����, �A�i�H�� Ctrl-Alt-F1 ������Ӥ� + ���� virtual console �C�`�N, �@���A�q X Window ��������@�� virtual + console ����, �A�N�i�H�u�� Alt- �\����Ӥ������L virtual terminal �� + �O���^ X Window �C�A�����P�ɫ��� Ctrl ��C�p�G�b����ª��������A�� + Ctrl ��Ӥ��^ X Window ����, �A�|�o�{�A����r�ù��Q�d�b "control-lock" + �Ҧ��U�C�A�u�ݭn�A���@��������N�i�H��_�쪬�C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��~��b�}���ɱҰ� XDM ?</heading> + + <p>����ؤ�k�i�H�Ұ� <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xdm" + name="xdm"> �C�@�ؤ�k�O�q + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys" + name="/etc/ttys"> �ӱҰ�, �i�H�Ѧ� man page �����d�� ; �t�@�ؤ�k�O�b + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc" name="rc.local"> + ���� xdm , �άO�b <tt>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</tt> ��@�� <tt/X.sh/ �C�o�� + �ؤ�k���O�X�k��, �p�G�A�լY�@�ؤ�k�L�Ī���, �A�i�H�ոեt�~�@�ءC�o�� + �ؤ�k�����G�O�@�˪� : X �|��ܤ@�ӹϧΤƪ� login: ���ܡC + + <p>�� ttys ����k���u�I�b���F X �b�ҰʥH�Φb logout �᭫�s�Ұʮ�, + �쩳 X �Ϊ��O���� vty �C�� rc.local ����k�h�O�b���Ұ� X �X�F���D��, �A + �i�H�� xdm �����ӸѨM�C + + <p>�p�G�O�� rc.local ����k����, �b���� <tt/xdm/ �ɧA����[����Ѽ� ( + �]�N�O�]�� daemon) �C + + <p>�e�@���� FAQ ���A������A�Q�� X �ϥΪ� <tt/vt/ �[�� + <tt>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</tt> �ɸ̥h�C�o�O�����n�� : X �|�� + �ʨϥβĤ@�ӧ�쪺�i�� <tt/vt/ �C + + <sect1> + <heading>���ڰ��� xconsole ��, �o�ͤF "Couldn't open console" �����~</heading> + + <p>�p�G�A�O�� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=startx" + name="startx"> �ӱҰ� <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=X" + name="X"> ����, /dev/console ���v���ä��|����, ���G�N�O <htmlurl + url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xterm" + name="xterm -C"> �M <htmlurl url= + "http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xconsole" + name="xconsole"> �o�����{���L�k���`����C + + <p>�o�@�������D, ���O�]�� console ���v���O�ĥΨt�ιw�]�ȡC�b�@�Ӧh�ϥ� + �̪��t�θ�, �ڭ̤��Ʊ�C�ӨϥΪ̳��i�H�����g�J�t�� console �C�p�G�O�� + �Ϊ̬O�q������ VTY ���� login ����, ���� + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab" name="fbtab"> + �i�H�ѨM�o�������D�C + + <p>²��a��, �нT�O + <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab(5)" + name="/etc/fbtab"> �o���ɮפ����o�@��S���Q���ѱ� : + + <verb> + /dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console + </verb> + + �o�@��]�w���s�b�i�H�T�O�q <tt>/dev/ttyv0</tt> �n�J���ϥΪ̥i�H���� + console �C + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ� PS/2 �ƹ��b X �����I�����`</heading> + + <p>�A���ƹ��M�A���ƹ��X�ʵ{���i��s�b�����P�B���{�H�C + + <p>�b 2.2.5 �H�Χ��t�θ�, �q X ���� virtual terminal �M��A���^�� + �N�i�H�ϥ��̭��s���P�B���ʧ@�C�p�G�o�Ӱ��D�`�`�o�ͪ���, �A�i�H�b�A�� + �֤߳]�w�ɤ��[�J�U���o�ӿﶵ�M�᭫�s�sĶ : + + <verb> + options PSM_CHECKSYNC + </verb> + + <p>�p�G�A�S���إ֤߮ߪ��g��, �Ь� + <ref id="make-kernel" name="�إ֤߮�"> �o�@�`�C + + <p>�[�W�o�ӿﶵ�H��, �ƹ��M�ƹ��X�ʵ{�������P�B���D���ӴN������|�X�{ + �F�C�p�G�o�Ӱ��D���M�s�b����, �b���ʷƹ��ɫ����ƹ�����i�H�Ϸƹ��M�� + ���X�ʵ{�����s���P�B���ʧ@�C + + <p>�Ӫ`�N���O�o�ӿﶵ�ä��O��C�@�Өt�γ�����, ���i��|�����b PS/2 �� + ����m�� ALPS GlidePoint �˸m���h "tap" �o���\��C + + <p>�b 2.2.6 �Ψ�᪺����, �P�B���T�{�w�g���F���n���ѨM��k, �ӥB�o�dz� + �w�g�O PS/2 �ƹ��X�ʵ{�����зǤF�C�o�Ӥ�k�]�i�H�b GlidePoint �W���`�u + �@�C (�]���T�{���{���X�w�g�����@�Ӽзǥ\��, �ҥH�b�o�Ǫ������ڭ̤��b�� + �� PSM_CHECKSYNC ���ﶵ�F�C) ���L�b���ּƪ��רҤ�, �o���X�ʵ{���|�~�� + �P�B�ʿ��~, �M��A�N�|�ݨ�o�˪��֤߰T�� : + + <verb> + psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy) + </verb> + + �M��A�N�|�o�{�A���ƹ����ॿ�`�B�@�F�C + + <p>�p�G�A�o�ͤF�o�˪����p, �A�����ǥѧ� PS/2 �ƹ��X�ʵ{���� flag �]�� + 0x100 �ӧ�P�B�T�{���{���X���������C�M��b�}�����ܲŸ��ɥ� + "<tt>-c</tt>" �ﶵ�Ӷi�J <em>UserConfig</em> : + + <verb> + boot: -c + </verb> + + �M��, �b <em>UserConfig</em> ���R�O�C����J : + + <verb> + UserConfig> flags psm0 0x100 + UserConfig> quit + </verb> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڪ� PS/2 �ƹ�����z�L MouseSystem �ӹB�@</heading> + + <p>���@�dz��i���X�Y�Ǽt�P�� PS/2 �ƹ��u��b "���ѪR��" ���A�U�~��B�@ + �C�p�G���O����, �ƹ���з|�`�`�]��ù������W���h�C + + <p>�D�`������, �o�Ӱ��D�b 2.0.X �M 2.1.X �U�O�L�Ѫ��C�b 2.2 �� 2.2.5 + ��, �A�i�H�� <tt>/sys/i386/isa/psm.c</tt> �ϥΤU�C patch �M�᭫�اA�� + �֤ߡC�p�G�A�S���إ֤߮ߪ��g��, �Ь� + <ref id="make-kernel" name="building a kernel"> �o�`�C + + <verb> +diff -u psm.c.orig psm.c +@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@ + if (verbose >= 2) + log(LOG_DEBUG, "psm%d: SET_DEFAULTS return code:%04x\n", + unit, i); ++ set_mouse_resolution(sc->kbdc, PSMD_RES_HIGH); ++ + #if 0 + set_mouse_scaling(sc->kbdc); /* 1:1 scaling */ + set_mouse_mode(sc->kbdc); /* stream mode */ + </verb> + + <p>�b 2.2.6 �ΥH�᪺����, �b PS/2 �ƹ��X�ʵ{�����]�w 0x04 �� flag �| + ��ƹ��]�����ѪR�Ҧ��C�b�}�����ܲŸ��ɥ� "<tt>-c</tt>" �ﶵ�Ӷi�J + <em>UserConfig</em> : + + <verb> + boot: -c + </verb> + + �M��, �b <em>UserConfig</em> ���R�O�C����J : + + <verb> + UserConfig> flags psm0 0x04 + UserConfig> quit + </verb> + + <p>�e�@�`������t�@�ӥi��ɭP�ƹ����D����]�C + + <sect1> + <heading>���ګإ� X �{����, <tt/imake/ �����䤣�� <tt/Imake.tmpl/ �C���b�� ? + </heading> + + <p>Imake.tmpl �O Imake �M�@����, Imake �O�зǪ��إ� X �{�����u��C + Imake.tmpl �M��L�ƭ� header file �@�ˬO�إ� X �{�������n�ɮ�, �A�i�H�b + X prog distribution ����쥦�̡C�A�i�H�� sysinstall �Ӧw�˩άO�����q + X distribution ����ʦw�ˡC + + </sect1> + + <sect1> + <heading>�ڭn��~��]�w���J�l�Ϊ��ƹ� ? + </heading> + + <p>�b�A�� .xinitrc �άO .xsession ������ + <tt/ xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"/ �����O�C + </p> + </sect1> + </sect> +