Add more devices to the sample inventory.
Be more accurate in explaining PC primary, extended, and logical partitions. I'm learning more about this stuff than I ever wanted to. Add a "collect your network configuration" section to the pre-installation tasks. Add a link to the errata information. Note that the 'c' partition refers to the enclosing slice, not the whole disk, as I have always thought for the past seven years. Also note that the 'd' partition is no longer special, but that lots of software, including sysinstall, believes that it still is. Update the ASCII art disk layout diagram to reflect this, comment out the EPS version until I can fix it. Fix some typos. Some of this is my own work, the rest is based on comments from William Roth <RothW@SEC.GOV>, and Annelise Anderson <andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu>
This commit is contained in:
Nik Clayton
parent
ff37f1f3bb
commit
84bd9dbf6c
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=10488
1 changed files with 169 additions and 75 deletions
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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<!--
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<!--
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml,v 1.98 2001/08/24 13:39:00 rpratt Exp $
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml,v 1.99 2001/08/26 20:41:27 rpratt Exp $
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-->
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-->
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<chapter id="install">
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<chapter id="install">
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@ -156,6 +156,26 @@
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<entry></entry>
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<entry></entry>
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</row>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Network card</entry>
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<entry>N/A</entry>
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<entry>N/A</entry>
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<entry>Intel 10/100</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Modem</entry>
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<entry>N/A</entry>
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<entry>N/A</entry>
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<entry>3Com 56K faxmodem, on COM1:</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<row>
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<entry>…</entry>
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<entry>…</entry>
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</row>
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</row>
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@ -186,27 +206,33 @@
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systems then you need to have a rough understanding of how data is
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systems then you need to have a rough understanding of how data is
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laid out on the disk, and how this affects you.</para>
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laid out on the disk, and how this affects you.</para>
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<para>A PC disk can be divided in to up to four discrete chunks. These
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<para>A PC disk can be divided in to discrete chunks. These chunks are
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chunks are called <firstterm>partitions</firstterm>. One partition on
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called <firstterm>partitions</firstterm>. By design, the PC only
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each disk will be the primary partition, the others are extended
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supports four partitions per disk. These partitions are called
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partitions. A disk does not need to be configured with all four
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<firstterm>primary partitions</firstterm>. To work around this
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partitions. You might only have one partition on your disk at the
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limitation, and allow more than four partitions, a new partition type
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moment, and that partition is taking up the whole space of the
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was created, the <firstterm>extended partition</firstterm>. A disk
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disk. Each partition has a <firstterm>partition ID</firstterm>, which
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may contain only one extended partition. Special partitions, called
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is a number, used to identify the type of data on the partition.
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<firstterm>logical partitions</firstterm>, can be created inside this
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FreeBSD partitions have the partition ID
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extended partition.</para>
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<literal>165</literal>.</para>
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<para>Each partiton has a <firstterm>partition ID</firstterm>, which is
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a number, used to identify the type of data on the partition. FreeBSD
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partitions have the partition ID <literal>165</literal>.</para>
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<para>In general, each operating system that you use will identify
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<para>In general, each operating system that you use will identify
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partitions in a particular way. For example, DOS, and its
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partitions in a particular way. For example, DOS, and its
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descendants, like Windows, assign each partition a <firstterm>drive
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descendants, like Windows, assign each primary and logical partition a
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letter</firstterm>, starting with
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<firstterm>drive letter</firstterm>, starting with
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<devicename>C:</devicename>.</para>
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<devicename>C:</devicename>.</para>
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<para>FreeBSD keeps all your data in one partition, so you need to have
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<para>FreeBSD must be installed in to a primary partition. FreeBSD can
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one partition available when you install FreeBSD. This might be a
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keep all its data, including any files that you create, on this one
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blank partition that you have prepared, or it might be an existing
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partition. However, if you have multiple disks then you can create a
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partition that contains data that you no longer care about.</para>
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FreeBSD partition on all, or some, of them. When you install FreeBSD
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you must have one partition available. This might be a blank
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partition that you have prepared, or it might be an existing partition
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that contains data that you no longer care about.</para>
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<para>If you are already using all the partitions on all your disks then
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<para>If you are already using all the partitions on all your disks then
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you will have to free one of them for FreeBSD to use, using the tools
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you will have to free one of them for FreeBSD to use, using the tools
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@ -217,7 +243,7 @@
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may need to shrink one or more of your existing partitions
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may need to shrink one or more of your existing partitions
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first.</para>
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first.</para>
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<para>A minimal installation of FreeBSD takes as little as 35MB of disk
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<para>A minimal installation of FreeBSD takes as little as 100MB of disk
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space. However, that is a <emphasis>very</emphasis> minimal install,
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space. However, that is a <emphasis>very</emphasis> minimal install,
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leaving almost no space for your own files. A more realistic minimum
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leaving almost no space for your own files. A more realistic minimum
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is 250MB without a graphical environment, and 350MB or more if you
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is 250MB without a graphical environment, and 350MB or more if you
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@ -281,6 +307,70 @@
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</example>
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</example>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Collect Your Network Configuration Details</title>
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<para>If you intend to connect to a network as part of your FreeBSD
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installation (e.g., if you will be installing from an FTP site, or an
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NFS server) then you need to know your network configuration. You
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will be prompted for this information during the installation so that
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FreeBSD can connect to the network to complete the install.</para>
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<sect3>
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<title>Connecting to an Ethernet Network, or Cable/DSL Modem</title>
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<para>If you connect to an Ethernet network, or you have an Internet
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connection via cable or DSL then you will need the following
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information:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>IP address.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>IP address of the default gateway.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Hostname.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>DNS server IP addresses.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>If you do not know this information then ask your system
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administrator or service provider. They may say that this
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information is assigned automatically, using
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<firstterm>DHCP</firstterm>. If so, make a note of this.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Connecting Using a Modem</title>
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<para>If you dial up to an ISP using a regular modem then you can
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still install FreeBSD over the Internet, it will just take a very
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long time.</para>
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<para>You will need to know:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The phone number to dial for your ISP.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The COM: port your modem is connected to.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The username and password for your ISP account.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Check for FreeBSD Errata</title>
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<title>Check for FreeBSD Errata</title>
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@ -291,6 +381,10 @@
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are noted in the FreeBSD Errata, posted on the FreeBSD web site. You
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are noted in the FreeBSD Errata, posted on the FreeBSD web site. You
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should check the errata before installing to make sure that there are
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should check the errata before installing to make sure that there are
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no late-breaking problems which you should be aware of.</para>
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no late-breaking problems which you should be aware of.</para>
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<para>Information about all the releases, including the errata for each
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release, can be found at
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<ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/index.html</ulink>.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="install-floppies">
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<sect2 id="install-floppies">
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@ -314,12 +408,14 @@
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from within another operating system. To do this you must create some
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from within another operating system. To do this you must create some
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floppy disks that can be booted from, and then boot from them.</para>
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floppy disks that can be booted from, and then boot from them.</para>
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<para>If you are <emphasis>not</emphasis> installing directly from CDROM
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<para>If you are <emphasis>not</emphasis> installing directly from
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or DVD then you are probably preparing your own installation media
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CDROM, DVD, or FTP then you are probably preparing your own
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(e.g., FTP, or an MS-DOS partition), which must be prepared before you
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installation media (e.g., an MS-DOS partition), which must be prepared
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install FreeBSD. This is a slightly more advanced, and infrequent
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before you install FreeBSD. This is a slightly more advanced, and
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activity, and is documented in <xref
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infrequent activity, and is documented in <xref
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linkend="install-diff-media">.</para>
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linkend="install-diff-media">. This includes the scenario where you
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want to create your own FTP site on your own network so that other
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computers can use your site as a FreeBSD FTP installation site.</para>
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<procedure>
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<procedure>
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<step>
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<step>
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@ -338,6 +434,14 @@
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<filename>mfsroot.flp</filename>, but check
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<filename>mfsroot.flp</filename>, but check
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<filename>README.TXT</filename> in the same directory to be
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<filename>README.TXT</filename> in the same directory to be
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sure.</para>
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sure.</para>
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<important>
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<para>Your FTP program must use <emphasis>binary mode</emphasis>
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to download these disk images. Some web browsers have been
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known to use <emphasis>text</emphasis> (or
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<emphasis>ASCII</emphasis>) mode, which will be apparent if you
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can not boot from the disks.</para>
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</important>
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</step>
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</step>
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<step>
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<step>
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@ -601,8 +705,8 @@ Booting [kernel] in 9 seconds... _</screen>
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<para>Unfortunately, the default IRQs and memory ports used by some
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<para>Unfortunately, the default IRQs and memory ports used by some
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drivers clash. This is because some ISA devices are shipped with IRQs
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drivers clash. This is because some ISA devices are shipped with IRQs
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or memory ports that clash. The defaults in FreeBSD's drivers are
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or memory ports that clash. The defaults in FreeBSD's drivers are
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deliberately set to mirror this so that, out of the box, as many
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deliberately set to mirror the manufacturer's defaults, so that, out
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devices as possible will work.</para>
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of the box, as many devices as possible will work.</para>
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<para>This is almost never an issue when running FreeBSD day-to-day.
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<para>This is almost never an issue when running FreeBSD day-to-day.
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Your computer will not normally contain two pieces of hardware that
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Your computer will not normally contain two pieces of hardware that
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@ -1351,20 +1455,22 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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<row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>c</literal></entry>
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<entry><literal>c</literal></entry>
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|
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<entry>Normally the same size as the entire disk. This allows
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<entry>Normally the same size as the enclosing slice. This
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utilities that need to work on the entire disk (for example, a
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allows utilities that need to work on the entire slice (for
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bad disk block scanner) to work on the <literal>c</literal>
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example, a bad block scanner) to work on the
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partition. You would not normally create a filesystem on this
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<literal>c</literal> partition. You would not normally create
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partition.</entry>
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a filesystem on this partition.</entry>
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</row>
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</row>
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<row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>d</literal></entry>
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<entry><literal>d</literal></entry>
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<entry>Normally the same size as the enclosing slice. This
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<entry>Partition <literal>d</literal> used to have a special
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allows utilities that must operate on the whole FreeBSD slice
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meaning associated with it, although that is now gone. To
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to work on the <literal>d</literal> partition. You would not
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this day, some tools may operate oddly if told to work on
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normally create a filesystem on this partition.</entry>
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partition <literal>d</literal>, so
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<application>Sysinstall</application> will not normally create
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partition <literal>d</literal>.</entry>
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</row>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</tgroup>
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@ -1493,44 +1599,32 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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hierarchy, and <literal>f</literal> for the
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hierarchy, and <literal>f</literal> for the
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<filename>/usr</filename> directory hierarchy.</para>
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<filename>/usr</filename> directory hierarchy.</para>
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<mediaobject>
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<literallayout class="monospaced">.-----------------. --.
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<imageobject>
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| | |
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<imagedata fileref="install/disk-layout" format="EPS">
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| DOS / Windows | |
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</imageobject>
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: : > First slice, ad0s1
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: : |
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<textobject>
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| | |
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<literallayout class="monospaced">.-----------------. --. --.
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:=================: ==: --.
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| | | |
|
| | | Partition a, mounted as / |
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| DOS / Windows | | | Partition c, no
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| | > referred to as ad0s2a |
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: : > First slice, ad0s1 > filesystem, all
|
| | | |
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: : | | of disk, ad0s1c
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:-----------------: ==: |
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| | | |
|
| | | Partition b, used as swap |
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:=================: ==: | --.
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| | > referred to as ad0s2b |
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| | | Partition a, mounted as / | |
|
| | | |
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| | > referred to as ad0s2a | |
|
:-----------------: ==: | Partition c, no
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| | | | |
|
| | | Partition e, used as /var > filesystem, all
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:-----------------: ==: | |
|
| | > referred to as ad0s2e | of FreeBSD slice,
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| | | Partition b, used as swap | |
|
| | | | ad0s2c
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| | > referred to as ad0s2b | |
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:-----------------: ==: |
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| | | | |
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| | | |
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:-----------------: ==: | | Partition d, no
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: : | Partition f, used as /usr |
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| | | Partition e, used as /var | > filesystem, all
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: : > referred to as ad0s2f |
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| | > referred to as ad0s2e | | of FreeBSD slice,
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: : | |
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| | | | | ad0s2d
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| | | |
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:-----------------: ==: | |
|
| | --' |
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| | | | |
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`-----------------' --'</literallayout>
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: : | Partition f, used as /usr | |
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: : > referred to as ad0s2f |
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: : | | |
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| | | | |
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| | --' | |
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`-----------------' --' --'</literallayout>
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</textobject>
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<textobject>
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<phrase>Conceptual model of a disk</phrase>
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</textobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</example>
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</example>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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@ -1625,7 +1719,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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<para>The second section shows the slices that are currently on the
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<para>The second section shows the slices that are currently on the
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disk, where they start and end, how large they are, the name FreeBSD
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disk, where they start and end, how large they are, the name FreeBSD
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gives the, and their description and sub-type. This example shows two
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gives them, and their description and sub-type. This example shows two
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small unused slices, which are artifacts of disk layout schemes on the
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small unused slices, which are artifacts of disk layout schemes on the
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PC. It also shows one large FAT slice, which almost certainly appears
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PC. It also shows one large FAT slice, which almost certainly appears
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as <devicename>C:</devicename> in DOS / Windows, and an extended
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as <devicename>C:</devicename> in DOS / Windows, and an extended
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@ -1653,7 +1747,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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installation process) then you can press <keycap>A</keycap>, which
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installation process) then you can press <keycap>A</keycap>, which
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corresponds to the <guimenuitem>Use Entire Disk</guimenuitem> option.
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corresponds to the <guimenuitem>Use Entire Disk</guimenuitem> option.
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The existing slices will be removed, and replaced with a small area
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The existing slices will be removed, and replaced with a small area
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flagged as <literal>unused</literal> (again, an artefact of PC disk
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flagged as <literal>unused</literal> (again, an artifact of PC disk
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layout), and then one large slice for FreeBSD. If you do this then
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layout), and then one large slice for FreeBSD. If you do this then
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you should then select the newly created FreeBSD slice using the arrow
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you should then select the newly created FreeBSD slice using the arrow
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keys, and press <keycap>S</keycap> to mark the slice as being
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keys, and press <keycap>S</keycap> to mark the slice as being
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|
|
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||||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue