Wrap author attribution in <chapterinfo>.
Reword a couple of run-on sentences to use better subject-verb agreement. Terminate all items in a list with a period, not just some of them. Add <username> and <application> tags as appropriate. "pw(8) has the information" doesn't look well without the benefits of a hyperlink. Reword this to: "For more information, please see pw(8)." Update example to change shells to zsh since tcsh is now in the base system.
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Murray Stokely
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@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
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<!--
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml,v 1.12 2001/07/08 22:53:33 dd Exp $
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml,v 1.13 2001/07/17 00:21:21 chern Exp $
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-->
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<chapter id="users">
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<chapterinfo>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Neils</firstname>
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<surname>Blakey-Milner</surname>
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<contrib>Contributed</contrib>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<!-- Feb 2000 -->
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</chapterinfo>
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<title>Users and Basic Account Management</title>
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<sect1 id="users-synopsis">
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<title>Synopsis</title>
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<para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.nbm; February 2000</emphasis>.</para>
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<para>All access to the system is achieved via accounts, and all
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processes are run by users, so user and account management are
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@ -34,7 +44,7 @@
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<secondary>superuser (root)</secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>The superuser account, usually called
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<username>root</username>, comes preconfigured, and facilitates
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<username>root</username>, comes preconfigured to facilitate
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system administration, and should not be used for day-to-day
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tasks like sending and receiving mail, general exploration of
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the system, or programming.</para>
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@ -46,12 +56,9 @@
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normal user accounts whenever possible, unless you especially
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need the extra privilege.</para>
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<para>In addition, always double and triple-check commands you
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issue as the superuser, since an extra space or missing
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character can mean irreparable data loss. Those extra
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privileges you needed when you decided to change to the
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superuser mean that the safeguards of your normal user account
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no longer apply.</para>
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<para>You should always double and triple-check commands you issue
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as the superuser, since an extra space or missing character can
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mean irreparable data loss.</para>
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<para>So, the first thing you should do after reading this
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chapter, is to create an unprivileged user account for yourself
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@ -93,9 +100,10 @@
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<secondary>nobody</secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<para><username>nobody</username> is the generic unprivileged
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system user, but the more services that use
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<username>nobody</username>, the more privileged it
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becomes.</para>
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system user. However, it's important to keep in mind that the
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more services that use <username>nobody</username>, the more
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files and processes that user will become associated with, and
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hence the more privileged that user becomes.</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="users-user">
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@ -111,10 +119,10 @@
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or other users, and allowing users to customize their
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environment without affecting others.</para>
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<para>Every person accessing your system should have their own
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unique user account. This allows you to find out who is doing
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what, and prevent people from clobbering each others' settings,
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and reading mail meant for the other, and so forth.</para>
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<para>Every person accessing your system should have a unique user
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account. This allows you to find out who is doing what, prevent
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people from clobbering each others' settings or reading each
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others' mail, and so forth.</para>
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<para>Each user can set up their own environment to accommodate
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their use of the system, by using alternate shells, editors, key
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@ -129,16 +137,16 @@
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<secondary>modifying</secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<para><application>pw</application> is a powerful and flexible
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means to modify accounts, but <application>adduser</application>
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is recommended for creating new accounts, and
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<application>rmuser</application> for deleting accounts.</para>
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tool to modify all aspects of user accounts. For most tasks
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however, <application>adduser</application> and
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<application>rmuser</application> are recommended to add and
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remove accounts respectively.</para>
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<para><application>chpass</application> allows both the system
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administrator and normal users to adjust passwords, shells, and
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personal information. <application>passwd</application> is the
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more common means to change passwords specifically,
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however.</para>
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personal information. If you are only interested in changing a
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password then the <application>passwd</application> command is
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usually quicker.</para>
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<sect2 id="users-adduser">
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<title>adduser</title>
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@ -151,11 +159,12 @@
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<indexterm><primary>/usr/share/skel</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>skeleton directory</primary></indexterm>
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<para><application>adduser</application> is a simple program for
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adding new users. It creates <filename>passwd</filename> and
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<filename>group</filename> entries for the user, as well as
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creating their home directory, copy in some default dotfiles
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from <filename>/usr/share/skel</filename>, and can optionally
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mail the user a welcome message.</para>
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adding new users. It creates entries in the system
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<filename>passwd</filename> and <filename>group</filename>
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files. It will also create a home directory for the new user,
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copy in the default configuration files ("dotfiles") from
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<filename>/usr/share/skel</filename>, and can optionally mail
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the new user a welcome message.</para>
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<para>To create the initial configuration file, use
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<command>adduser -s -config_create</command>.
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@ -163,20 +172,22 @@
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<para>The <option>-s</option> makes adduser default to
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quiet. We use <option>-v</option> later when we want to
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change defaults.</para>
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</footnote>Next, we configure adduser defaults, and create our
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first user account, since using root for normal usage is evil
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and nasty.</para>
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</footnote>
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Next, we configure <application>adduser</application>
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defaults, and create our first user account, since using
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<username>root</username> for normal usage is evil and
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nasty.</para>
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<example>
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<title>Changing the configuration for adduser</title>
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<title>Configuring adduser</title>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser -v</userinput>
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Use option ``-silent'' if you don't want to see all warnings and questions.
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Check /etc/shells
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Check /etc/master.passwd
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Check /etc/group
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Enter your default shell: csh date no sh tcsh [sh]: <userinput>tcsh</userinput>
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Your default shell is: tcsh -> /usr/local/bin/tcsh
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Enter your default shell: csh date no sh tcsh [sh]: <userinput>zsh</userinput>
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Your default shell is: tcsh -> /usr/local/bin/zsh
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Enter your default HOME partition: [/home]:
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Copy dotfiles from: /usr/share/skel no [/usr/share/skel]:
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Send message from file: /etc/adduser.message no
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@ -190,7 +201,7 @@ Ok, let's go.
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Don't worry about mistakes. I will give you the chance later to correct any input.
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Enter username [a-z0-9_-]: <userinput>jru</userinput>
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Enter full name []: <userinput>J. Random User</userinput>
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Enter shell csh date no sh tcsh [tcsh]:
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Enter shell csh date no sh tcsh zsh [zsh]:
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Enter home directory (full path) [/home/jru]:
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Uid [1001]:
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Enter login class: default []:
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@ -208,7 +219,7 @@ Gid: 1007 (jru)
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Class:
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Groups: jru wheel
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HOME: /home/jru
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Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh
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Shell: /usr/local/bin/zsh
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OK? (y/n) [y]: <userinput>y</userinput>
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Added user ``jru''
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Copy files from /usr/share/skel to /home/jru
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@ -218,7 +229,7 @@ Goodbye!
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</example>
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<para>In summary, we changed the default shell to
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<application>tcsh</application> (an additional shell found in
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<application>zsh</application> (an additional shell found in
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packages), and turned off the sending of a welcome mail to
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added users. We then saved the configuration, and then
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created an account for <username>jru</username>, and we made
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@ -241,7 +252,7 @@ Goodbye!
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="users-rmuser">
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<title>rmuser</title>
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<title><application>rmuser</application></title>
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<indexterm><primary>rmuser</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm>
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@ -249,10 +260,9 @@ Goodbye!
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<secondary>removing</secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<para><application>rmuser</application> removes users from the
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system, including any traces beyond the user database.</para>
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<para><application>rmuser</application> performs the following
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<para>You can use <application>rmuser</application> to
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completely remove a user from the system.
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<application>rmuser</application> performs the following
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steps:</para>
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<procedure>
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@ -265,7 +275,7 @@ Goodbye!
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user.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Kills all processes owned by the user</para>
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<para>Kills all processes owned by the user.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Removes the user from the system's local password
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@ -273,7 +283,7 @@ Goodbye!
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Removes the user's home directory (if it is owned by
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the user)</para>
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the user).</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Removes the incoming mail files belonging to the user
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@ -323,7 +333,7 @@ Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="users-pw">
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<title>pw</title>
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<title><application>pw</application></title>
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<indexterm><primary>pw</primary></indexterm>
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<para><application>pw</application> is a command line utility to
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@ -336,11 +346,11 @@ Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
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<para>It is designed to be useful both as a directly executed
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command and for use from shell scripts.</para>
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<para>&man.pw.8; has all the information.</para>
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<para>For detailed information, please see &man.pw.8;.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="users-chpass">
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<title>chpass</title>
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<title><application>chpass</application></title>
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<indexterm><primary>chpass</primary></indexterm>
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<para><application>chpass</application> changes user database
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@ -350,11 +360,11 @@ Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
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<para>Only system administrators, as the superuser, may change
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other users' information and passwords with chpass.</para>
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<para>Passed no options, besides the optional username,
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<para>When passed no options, aside from an optional username,
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<application>chpass</application> displays an editor
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containing user information, and upon exit from the editor,
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attempts to change the information in the user
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database.</para>
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containing user information. When the user exists from the
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editor, the user database is updated with the new
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information.</para>
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<example>
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<title>Interactive chpass by Superuser</title>
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@ -529,7 +539,7 @@ passwd: done</screen>
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controlling disk space consumption: since users do not generate
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core files themselves, and often do not delete them, setting this
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may save them from running out of disk space should a large
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program (e.g., Emacs) crash.</para>
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program (e.g., <application>emacs</application>) crash.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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