diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml
index ce3385f55f..1cb27ddeea 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml
@@ -2080,23 +2080,23 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
FreeBSD 5.0 offers a new feature in conjunction with
Soft Updates: File system snapshots.
- Snapshots allow a user to create an image of specified file
- systems and treat this image as a file.
+ Snapshots allow a user to create images of specified file
+ systems, and treat them as a file.
Snapshot files must be created in the file system that the
action is performed on, and a user may create no more than 20
snapshots per file system. Active snapshots are recorded
in the superblock so they are persistent across unmount and
remount operations along with system reboots. When a snapshot
is no longer required, it can be removed with the standard &man.rm.1;
- command, like regular files. Snapshots may be removed in any order,
- however all the used space may not be acquired as another snapshot will
- possibly claim some of the blocks that were released.
+ command. Snapshots may be removed in any order,
+ however all the used space may not be acquired because another snapshot will
+ possibly claim some of the released blocks.During initial creation, the flag (see &man.chflags.1; manual page)
- is set on to ensure that not even root can write to the snapshot.
- The &man.unlink.1; command makes an exception for snapshot files,
- however, in which it allows them to be removed even
- though they have the flag set, so it is not necessary to
+ is set to ensure that even root cannot write to the snapshot.
+ The &man.unlink.1; command makes an exception for snapshot files
+ since it allows them to be removed even
+ with the flag set, so it is not necessary to
clear the flag before removing a snapshot file.Snapshots are created with the &man.mount.8; command. To place
@@ -2106,38 +2106,38 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
&prompt.root; mount -u -o snapshot /var/snapshot/snap /var
- Once a snapshot has been created, there are several interesting
- things that an administrator can do with them:
-
+ Once a snapshot has been created, they have several
+ uses:
+
Some administrators will use a snapshot file for backup purposes,
- where the snapshot can be transfered to a CD or tape.
+ because the snapshot can be transfered to CDs or tape.
- File integrity, &man.fsck.8; may be ran on the snapshot file.
+ File integrity, &man.fsck.8; may be ran on the snapshot.
Assuming that the file system was clean when it was mounted, you
- should always get a clean (and unchanging) result from running
- &man.fsck.8; on the snapshot. This is essentially what the
+ should always get a clean (and unchanging) result.
+ This is essentially what the
background &man.fsck.8; process does.Run the &man.dump.8; utility on the snapshot.
- A dump will be returned that is as consistent with the
- file system as the timestamp of the snapshot.
+ A dump will be returned that is consistent with the
+ file system and the timestamp of the snapshot.
- As of this writing &man.dump.8; has not yet
- been changed to set the dumpdates file correctly, so
- do not use this feature in production until that fix
- is made.
+ As of this writing &man.dump.8; cannot
+ set the dumpdates file correctly.
+ Use of this feature is not recommended.
+ &man.mount.8; the snapshot as a frozen image of the file system.
To &man.mount.8; the snapshot
- /var/snapshot/snap:
+ /var/snapshot/snap run:
&prompt.root; mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /var/snapshot/snap -u 4&prompt.root; mount -r /dev/md4 /mnt
@@ -2148,7 +2148,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
You can now walk the hierarchy of your frozen /var
file system mounted at /mnt. Everything will
be in the same state it was during the snapshot creation time.
- The only exception being that any earlier snapshots will appear
+ The only exception is that any earlier snapshots will appear
as zero length files. When the use of a snapshot has delimited,
it can be unmounted with:
@@ -2158,7 +2158,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
For more information about and
file system snapshots, including technical papers, you can visit
Marshall Kirk McKusick's website at
- http://www.mckusick.com
+ http://www.mckusick.com.