Added a new section un user ppp (iijppp).
Submitted by: Nik Clayton <nik@blueberry.co.uk>
This commit is contained in:
John Fieber
parent
123627b577
commit
94f865b705
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=40
4 changed files with 374 additions and 5 deletions
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<!-- $Id: authors.sgml,v 1.4 1995-06-14 18:38:47 jfieber Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- $Id: authors.sgml,v 1.5 1995-07-29 13:08:00 jfieber Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
|
@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ entities when referencing people.
|
|||
<!ENTITY a.mark "Mark Murray <tt><mark@grondar.za></tt>">
|
||||
<!ENTITY a.martin "Martin Renters <tt><martin@innovus.com></tt>">
|
||||
<!ENTITY a.md "Mark Dapoz <tt><md@bsc.no></tt>">
|
||||
<!ENTITY a.nik "Nik Clayton <tt><nik@blueberry.co.uk></tt>">
|
||||
<!ENTITY a.phk "Poul-Henning Kamp <tt><phk@FreeBSD.org></tt>">
|
||||
<!ENTITY a.paul "Paul Richards <tt><paul@FreeBSD.org></tt>">
|
||||
<!ENTITY a.wilko "Wilko Bulte <tt><wilko@yedi.iaf.nl></tt>">
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<!-- $Id: handbook.sgml,v 1.21 1995-07-27 16:15:32 jfieber Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- $Id: handbook.sgml,v 1.22 1995-07-29 13:08:00 jfieber Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN" [
|
||||
|
|
@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
|
|||
<!ENTITY submitters SYSTEM "submitters.sgml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY sup SYSTEM "sup.sgml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY troubleshooting SYSTEM "troubleshooting.sgml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY userppp SYSTEM "userppp.sgml">
|
||||
|
||||
]>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ OUTLINE:
|
|||
<author>
|
||||
<name>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</name>
|
||||
</author>
|
||||
<date>July 27, 1995</date>
|
||||
<date>July 28, 1995</date>
|
||||
|
||||
<abstract>Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the
|
||||
installation and day to day use of <bf>FreeBSD Release
|
||||
|
|
@ -135,6 +136,17 @@ OUTLINE:
|
|||
&dialup;
|
||||
|
||||
<chapt><heading>PPP and SLIP</heading>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>If your connection to the internet is through a modem, or
|
||||
you wish to provide other people with dialup connections to
|
||||
the internet using FreeBSD, you have the option of using PPP
|
||||
or SLIP. Furthermore, two varieties of PPP are provided:
|
||||
<em>user</em> (sometimes referred to as iijppp) and
|
||||
<em>kernel</em>. The procedures for configuring both types
|
||||
of PPP, and for setting up SLIP are described in this
|
||||
chapter.
|
||||
|
||||
&userppp;
|
||||
&ppp;
|
||||
&slipc;
|
||||
&slips;
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
<!-- $Id: ppp.sgml,v 1.3 1995-06-30 17:37:46 jfieber Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- $Id: ppp.sgml,v 1.4 1995-07-29 13:08:01 jfieber Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
|
||||
|
||||
<sect><heading>Setting up a PPP link<label id="ppp"></heading>
|
||||
<sect><heading>Setting up kernel PPP<label id="ppp"></heading>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><em>Contributed by &a.gena;.</em>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
356
handbook/userppp.sgml
Normal file
356
handbook/userppp.sgml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
|
|||
<!-- $Id: userppp.sgml,v 1.1 1995-07-29 13:08:02 jfieber Exp $ -->
|
||||
<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
|
||||
|
||||
<sect>Setting up user PPP<label id="userppp">
|
||||
|
||||
<p><em>Contributed by &a.nik;<newline>
|
||||
28 July 1995</em>.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- This FAQ/HowTo is intended to get you up and running with
|
||||
iijppp, also known as the <em>user level ppp</em> for FreeBSD 2.0.5
|
||||
(and above).
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this document turns into a collaborative effort, largely
|
||||
because I am not really much of an authority on PPP. I've got
|
||||
it working, and want to pass on details of what I did so that
|
||||
other people can get it working. But I'm not 100% clear on some
|
||||
details, so I hope that by writing this and haveing others
|
||||
flesh out some of the information I'm going to learn something
|
||||
as well.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<p>User PPP was intruduced to FreeBSD in release 2.0.5 as an
|
||||
addition to the exisiting kernel implementation of PPP. So,
|
||||
what is different about this new PPP that warrants its
|
||||
addition? To quote from the manual page:
|
||||
|
||||
<quote>
|
||||
This is a user process PPP software package. Normally, PPP is
|
||||
implemented as a part of the kernel (e.g. as managed by pppd) and
|
||||
it's thus somewhat hard to debug and/or modify its behavior. However,
|
||||
in this implementation PPP is done as a user process with the help of
|
||||
the tunnel device driver (tun).
|
||||
</quote>
|
||||
|
||||
In essence, this means that rather than running a PPP daemon, the ppp
|
||||
program can be run as and when desired. No PPP interface needs to be
|
||||
compiled into the kernel, as the program can use the generic tunnel
|
||||
device to to get data into and out of the kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
From here on out, user ppp will be referred to as simply as ppp unless a
|
||||
distinction need to be made be it and any other PPP client/server software.
|
||||
Unless otherwise stated, all commands in this section should be
|
||||
executed as root.
|
||||
|
||||
Parts in this section marked with an asterisk (*) are
|
||||
incomplete. Comments and suggestions are appreciated and
|
||||
should be submitted to &a.nik;.
|
||||
Thanks to Rob Snow <rsnow@txdirect.net> who proved to be a mine of
|
||||
useful information when I was first experimenting with user ppp.
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>Before you start
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This document assumes you're in roughly this position:
|
||||
|
||||
You have an account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) which lets you
|
||||
use PPP. Further, you have a modem (or other device) connected and
|
||||
configured correctly which allows you to connect to your ISP.
|
||||
|
||||
You are going to need the following information to hand:
|
||||
|
||||
<itemize>
|
||||
<item>IP address of your ISP's gateway
|
||||
|
||||
<item>Your ISP's netmask setting
|
||||
|
||||
<item>IP adresses of one or more nameservers
|
||||
|
||||
<item>If your ISP allocates you a static IP address and/or hostname then
|
||||
you will need that as well. If not, you will need to know from what
|
||||
range of IP addresses your allocated IP address will fall in.
|
||||
</itemize>
|
||||
|
||||
If you do not have any of this information then contact your ISP and make
|
||||
sure they provide it to you.
|
||||
|
||||
As well as this, you may need the files required to recompile
|
||||
your kernel. Check <ref id="kernelconfig" name="Kernel
|
||||
Configuration"> for more information on how to acquire these.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, I've assumed that because your connection to the Internet is
|
||||
not full time you are not running a name server (<tt>named(8)</tt>).
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>Building a ppp ready kernel
|
||||
|
||||
<p>As the description states, ``ppp'' uses the kernel ``tun'' device. It is
|
||||
necessary to make sure that your kernel has support for this device compiled
|
||||
in.
|
||||
|
||||
To check this, go to your kernel compile directory (probably /sys/i386/conf)
|
||||
and examine your kernel configuration file. It needs to have the line
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
pseudo-device tun 1
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
in it somewhere. The stock GENERIC kernel has this as standard, so if you
|
||||
have not installed a custom kernel you don't have to change anything.
|
||||
If your kernel configuration file does not have this line in it then you
|
||||
should add the line, re-compile and then re-install the kernel. Boot from
|
||||
this new kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>Check the tun device
|
||||
|
||||
<p>My experiences with ppp have only been with one ``tun'' device (tun0). If
|
||||
you have used more (i.e., a number other than `1' in the pseudo-device line
|
||||
in the kernel configuration file) then alter all references to ``tun0''
|
||||
below to reflect whichever device number you are using.
|
||||
|
||||
The easiest way to make sure that the tun0 device is configured correctly is
|
||||
to re-make it. To this end, execute the following commands,
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
# cd /dev
|
||||
# ./MAKEDEV tun0
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>PPP Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The meat of the problem.
|
||||
|
||||
Confusingly, it appears that both user ppp and pppd (the kernel level
|
||||
implementation of PPP) both assume configuration files kept in
|
||||
/etc/ppp. However, the sample configuration files provided are good for
|
||||
user ppp, so keep them around for reference. The easiest way to do this is,
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
# cd /etc
|
||||
# mv ppp ppp.orig
|
||||
# mkdir ppp
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
Configuring ppp requires that you edit somewhere between one and three
|
||||
files, depending on your requirements. What you put in them depends to some
|
||||
extent on whether your ISP allocates IP addresses statically (i.e., you get
|
||||
given one IP address, and always use that one) or dynamically (i.e., your IP
|
||||
address can be different during different PPP sessions).
|
||||
|
||||
However, there are a few things that you should do first, regardless of
|
||||
whether you are using static or dynamic IP addresses.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>Configure the resolver(5)
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The resolver is the part of the networking system that turns IP addresses
|
||||
into hostnames. It can be configured to look for maps that describe IP to
|
||||
hostname mappings in one of two places.
|
||||
|
||||
The first is a file called /etc/hosts (``hosts'' in section 5 of the
|
||||
manual). The second is the Internet Domain Name Service, a distributed
|
||||
data base, the discussion of which is beyond the realm of this document.
|
||||
|
||||
The resolver is a set of system calls that do the mappings,
|
||||
and you have to tell them where to get their information
|
||||
from. You do this by editing the file /etc/host.conf. Do
|
||||
<bf>not</bf> call this file /etc/hosts.conf (note the extra
|
||||
``s'') as the results can be confusing.
|
||||
|
||||
This file should contain the following two lines,
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
hosts
|
||||
bind
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
which instruct the resolver to look in the file /etc/hosts first, and
|
||||
then to consult the DNS if the name was not found in the /etc/hosts file.
|
||||
|
||||
It's probably a good idea to make sure you are not running the ``named''
|
||||
service. Check your /etc/sysconfig file for the line that refers to
|
||||
``namedflags'', and make sure the line reads
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
namedflags="NO"
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>Create the /etc/hosts(5) file
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This file should contain the IP addresses and names of machines on your
|
||||
network. At a bare minimum it should contain entries for the machine
|
||||
which will be running ppp. Assuming that you're machine is called
|
||||
foo.bar.com with the IP address 10.0.0.1, /etc/hosts should contain
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
127.0.0.0 localhost
|
||||
10.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
The first line defines the alias ``localhost'' as a synonym for the
|
||||
current machine. Regardless of your own IP address, the IP address for
|
||||
this line should always be 127.0.0.1. The second line maps the name
|
||||
``foo.bar.com'' (and the shorthand ``foo'') to the IP address 10.0.0.1.
|
||||
|
||||
If your provider allocates you a static IP address then use this in place
|
||||
of 10.0.0.1.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- XXX --> <em>(* What should they do if they are
|
||||
allocated an IP address dynamically?)</em>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>Create the /etc/resolv.conf file
|
||||
|
||||
<p>/etc/resolv.conf contains some extra information required when you are
|
||||
not running a nameserver. It points the resolver routines at real
|
||||
nameservers, and specifies some other information.
|
||||
|
||||
At the very least, /etc/resolv.conf should contain one line with a
|
||||
nameserver which can be queried. You should enter this as an IP
|
||||
address. My /etc/resolv.conf contains
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
nameserver 158.152.1.193
|
||||
nameserver 158.152.1.65
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
Which are Demon Internet's two nameservers. Add as many ``nameserver''
|
||||
lines as your ISP provides nameservers.
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>PPP and static IP addresses
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Probably the easiest to configure for. You will need to create three files
|
||||
in the /etc/ppp directory.
|
||||
|
||||
The first of these is ppp.conf. It should look similar to the example
|
||||
below. Note that lines that end in a ``:'' start in column 1, all other
|
||||
lines should be indented as shown.
|
||||
|
||||
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
1 default:
|
||||
2 set device /dev/cuaa0
|
||||
3 set speed 9600
|
||||
4 disable lqr
|
||||
5 deny lqr
|
||||
6 set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 5 \"\" ATE1Q0 OK-AT-OK
|
||||
\\dATDT\\T TIMEOUT 40 CONNECT"
|
||||
7 provider:
|
||||
8 set phone 01234567890
|
||||
9 set login "TIMEOUT 10 gin:-BREAK-gin: foo word: bar col: ppp"
|
||||
10 set timeout 120
|
||||
11 set ifaddr x.x.x.x y.y.y.y
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
Don't include the line numbers, they're just for this discussion.
|
||||
|
||||
<descrip>
|
||||
<tag/Line 1:/ Identifies the default entry. Commands in this entry are
|
||||
executed automatically when ppp is run.
|
||||
|
||||
<tag/Line 2:/ Identifies the device that has the modem hanging from it.
|
||||
COM1: is /dev/cuaa0 and COM2: is /dev/cuaa1
|
||||
|
||||
<tag/Line 3:/ Sets the speed you want to connect at.
|
||||
|
||||
<tag/* Lines 4 and 5:/ Don't know exactly what effect these lines have
|
||||
|
||||
<tag/Line 6:/ Dial string commands. user ppp uses the chat(8) language. Check
|
||||
the manual page for information on the features of this
|
||||
language.
|
||||
|
||||
<tag/Line 7:/ Identifies an entry for a provider called ``provider''.
|
||||
|
||||
<tag/Line 8:/ Sets the phone number for this provider. Don't include any
|
||||
spaces in the phone number.
|
||||
|
||||
<tag/Line 9:/ Set's the login string sequence. In this example, the string is
|
||||
for a service who's login session looks like
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
J. Random Provider
|
||||
login: foo
|
||||
password: bar
|
||||
protocol: ppp
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
You will need to alter this script to suit your own needs. It is
|
||||
written in the chat(8) language.
|
||||
|
||||
<tag/Line 10:/ Sets the default timeout (in seconds) for the connection. So
|
||||
the connectioned will be closed automatically after 120 seconds
|
||||
of inactivity.
|
||||
|
||||
<tag/Line 11:/ Sets the interface addresses. The string x.x.x.x should be
|
||||
replaced by the IP address that your provider allocates you. The
|
||||
string y.y.y.y should be replaced by the IP address that your
|
||||
ISP indicated for their gateway.
|
||||
</descrip>
|
||||
|
||||
Now you have to edit the file /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup:
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
x.x.x.x:
|
||||
add 0 0 HISADDR
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
Replace x.x.x.x with your IP address as before. This file is used to
|
||||
automatically add a default route from your ISP (who's address is
|
||||
automatically inserted with the HISADDR macro) to you.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, you can create the file /etc/ppp/ppp.secret, which sets some
|
||||
passwords to prevent people messing around with ppp on your system. You
|
||||
may or may not want to do this, depending on how many people have access
|
||||
to your ppp system.
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>* PPP and Dynamic IP configuration
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- XXX
|
||||
<p>* Don't have a clue how to do this. Could someone who does
|
||||
submit something to go in here?
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>Final system configuration
|
||||
|
||||
<p>You now have PPP configured, but there's a few more things to do before
|
||||
it's ready to work. They all involve editing the /etc/sysconfig file.
|
||||
|
||||
Working from the top down in this file, make sure the ``hostname='' line
|
||||
is set, e.g.,
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
hostname=foo.bar.com
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
Look for the network_interfaces variable, and make sure the tun0 device is
|
||||
added to the list. My line looks like
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
network_interfaces="lo0 tun0 ep0"
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
but I have an ethernet card (ep0) to configure as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Now add an ifconfig line for the tun0 device. It should look something
|
||||
like
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
ifconfig_tun0="inet foo.bar.com y.y.y.y netmask 0xffffffff"
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
as before, change ``foo.bar.com'' to be your hostname, y.y.y.y is the IP
|
||||
address of your providers gateway, and 0xffffffff is the netmask they
|
||||
provided you with (in hexadecimal). Two common values for the netmask are
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
255.255.255.255 = 0xffffffff
|
||||
255.255.255.0 = 0xffffff00
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
Set the routed flags to ``-s'' with the line
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
routedflags=-s
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
It's probably worth your while ensuring that the ``sendmail_flags'' line
|
||||
does not include the ``-q'' option, otherwise sendmail will attempt to do
|
||||
a network lookup every now and then, possibly causing your machine to dial
|
||||
out. My sendmail line looks like
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
sendmail_flags="-bd"
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
The upshot of this is that I must force sendmail to re-examine the
|
||||
mailqueue whenever I have the PPP link up, by typing
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -q
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
That should be about all you need to do to get PPP working with a static
|
||||
IP address. All that's left is to reboot the machine. During startup the
|
||||
tun0 device should be detected, and two lines like the following should be
|
||||
printed,
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
tun0: flags=51<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING> mtu 1500
|
||||
inet x.x.x.x --> y.y.y.y netmask 0xffffffff
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
At this point, it should all be working. You can now either type
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
# ppp
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
and then ``dial provider'' to start the PPP session, or, if you want ppp
|
||||
to establish sessions automatically when there is outbound traffic, type
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
# ppp -auto provider
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
This line could be added to your /etc/rc.local file.
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue