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36
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml
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@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
%teams; %teams;
<!ENTITY % mailing-lists PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Mailing List Entities//EN"> %mailing-lists; <!ENTITY % mailing-lists PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Mailing List Entities//EN"> %mailing-lists;
<!ENTITY % newsgroups PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Newsgroup Entities//EN"> %newsgroups; <!ENTITY % newsgroups PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Newsgroup Entities//EN"> %newsgroups;
<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//EN">
%trademarks;
<!ENTITY % txtfiles SYSTEM "txtfiles.ent"> %txtfiles; <!ENTITY % txtfiles SYSTEM "txtfiles.ent"> %txtfiles;
<!ENTITY % not.published "INCLUDE"> <!ENTITY % not.published "INCLUDE">
@ -77,10 +79,36 @@
<holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder> <holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder>
</copyright> </copyright>
&bookinfo.trademarks;
&bookinfo.legalnotice; &bookinfo.legalnotice;
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.3com;
&tm-attrib.adobe;
&tm-attrib.apple;
&tm-attrib.corel;
&tm-attrib.creative;
&tm-attrib.ibm;
&tm-attrib.ieee;
&tm-attrib.intel;
&tm-attrib.intuit;
&tm-attrib.linux;
&tm-attrib.macromedia;
&tm-attrib.microsoft;
&tm-attrib.netscape;
&tm-attrib.opengroup;
&tm-attrib.oracle;
&tm-attrib.powerquest;
&tm-attrib.realnetworks;
&tm-attrib.redhat;
&tm-attrib.sap;
&tm-attrib.sun;
&tm-attrib.symantec;
&tm-attrib.waterloomaple;
&tm-attrib.wolframresearch;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day <para>Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day
to day use of <emphasis>FreeBSD &rel2.current;-RELEASE</emphasis> to day use of <emphasis>FreeBSD &rel2.current;-RELEASE</emphasis>
@ -124,7 +152,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Teach you some Unix basics.</para> <para>Teach you some &unix; basics.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
@ -133,7 +161,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Introduce you to X, the Unix windowing system, and <para>Introduce you to X, the UNIX windowing system, and
detail how to configure a desktop environment that makes you detail how to configure a desktop environment that makes you
more productive.</para> more productive.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>

54
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml
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@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<note> <note>
<para>In general, these installation instructions are written <para>In general, these installation instructions are written
for i386 (<quote>PC compatible</quote>) architecture for &i386; (<quote>PC compatible</quote>) architecture
computers. Where applicable, instructions specific to other computers. Where applicable, instructions specific to other
platforms (for example, Alpha) will be listed.</para> platforms (for example, Alpha) will be listed.</para>
</note> </note>
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
your configuration.</para> your configuration.</para>
<para>If you already have another operating system installed, such as <para>If you already have another operating system installed, such as
Windows or Linux, it is a good idea to use the facilities provided &windows; or Linux, it is a good idea to use the facilities provided
by those operating systems to see how your hardware is already by those operating systems to see how your hardware is already
configured. If you are really not sure what settings an expansion configured. If you are really not sure what settings an expansion
card is using, you may find it printed on the card itself. Popular IRQ card is using, you may find it printed on the card itself. Popular IRQ
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
<entry>N/A</entry> <entry>N/A</entry>
<entry>Intel 10/100</entry> <entry>&intel; 10/100</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
<entry>N/A</entry> <entry>N/A</entry>
<entry>3Com 56K faxmodem, on COM1</entry> <entry>&t3com; 56K faxmodem, on COM1</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
laid out on the disk, and how this affects you.</para> laid out on the disk, and how this affects you.</para>
<sect3 id="install-where-i386"> <sect3 id="install-where-i386">
<title>Disk Layouts for the i386</title> <title>Disk Layouts for the &i386;</title>
<para>A PC disk can be divided into discrete chunks. These chunks are <para>A PC disk can be divided into discrete chunks. These chunks are
called <firstterm>partitions</firstterm>. By design, the PC only called <firstterm>partitions</firstterm>. By design, the PC only
@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
want a graphical user interface. If you intend to install a lot of want a graphical user interface. If you intend to install a lot of
third party software as well, then you will need more space.</para> third party software as well, then you will need more space.</para>
<para>You can use a commercial tool such as <application>PartitionMagic</application>&reg; <para>You can use a commercial tool such as <application>&partitionmagic;</application>
to resize your partitions to make space for to resize your partitions to make space for
FreeBSD. The <filename>tools</filename> directory on the CDROM FreeBSD. The <filename>tools</filename> directory on the CDROM
contains two free software tools which can carry out this task, namely contains two free software tools which can carry out this task, namely
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Use one of the tools such as <application>PartitionMagic</application>&reg;, <para>Use one of the tools such as <application>PartitionMagic</application>,
described above, to shrink your Windows described above, to shrink your Windows
partition.</para> partition.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ pqb0.0.1.4.0 PQB0 PCI EIDE</screen>
url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/tools/"><filename>tools</filename> url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/tools/"><filename>tools</filename>
directory</ulink> on the FreeBSD FTP site.</para> directory</ulink> on the FreeBSD FTP site.</para>
<para>If you are writing the floppies on a Unix system (such as <para>If you are writing the floppies on a &unix; system (such as
another FreeBSD system) you can use the &man.dd.1; command to another FreeBSD system) you can use the &man.dd.1; command to
write the image files directly to disk. On FreeBSD, you would write the image files directly to disk. On FreeBSD, you would
run:</para> run:</para>
@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ pqb0.0.1.4.0 PQB0 PCI EIDE</screen>
<para>On FreeBSD, <filename>/dev/fd0</filename> refers to the <para>On FreeBSD, <filename>/dev/fd0</filename> refers to the
first floppy disk (the <devicename>A:</devicename> drive). first floppy disk (the <devicename>A:</devicename> drive).
<filename>/dev/fd1</filename> would be the <filename>/dev/fd1</filename> would be the
<devicename>B:</devicename> drive, and so on. Other Unix <devicename>B:</devicename> drive, and so on. Other UNIX
variants might have different names for the floppy disk variants might have different names for the floppy disk
devices, and you will need to check the documentation for the devices, and you will need to check the documentation for the
system as necessary.</para> system as necessary.</para>
@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!</literallayout>
<title>Booting</title> <title>Booting</title>
<sect3 id="install-starting-i386"> <sect3 id="install-starting-i386">
<title>Booting for the i386</title> <title>Booting for the &i386;</title>
<procedure> <procedure>
<step> <step>
@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
<title>Begin a Standard Installation</title> <title>Begin a Standard Installation</title>
<para>The <guimenuitem>Standard</guimenuitem> installation is the <para>The <guimenuitem>Standard</guimenuitem> installation is the
option recommended for those new to Unix or FreeBSD. Use the arrow option recommended for those new to &unix; or FreeBSD. Use the arrow
keys to select <guimenuitem>Standard</guimenuitem> and keys to select <guimenuitem>Standard</guimenuitem> and
then press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to start the installation.</para> then press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to start the installation.</para>
@ -1450,7 +1450,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
<indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Microsoft Windows</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>Microsoft Windows</primary></indexterm>
<para>In a PC running a BIOS-dependent operating system such as <para>In a PC running a BIOS-dependent operating system such as
MS-DOS or Microsoft Windows, the BIOS is able to abstract the &ms-dos; or &microsoft.windows;, the BIOS is able to abstract the
normal disk drive order, and normal disk drive order, and
the operating system goes along with the change. This allows the user the operating system goes along with the change. This allows the user
to boot from a disk drive other than the so-called <quote>primary to boot from a disk drive other than the so-called <quote>primary
@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
found that the simplest and cheapest way to keep a system backup is to found that the simplest and cheapest way to keep a system backup is to
buy an identical second hard drive, and perform routine copies of the buy an identical second hard drive, and perform routine copies of the
first drive to the second drive using first drive to the second drive using
<application>Ghost</application> or <application>XCOPY</application> <application><trademark class="registered">Ghost</trademark></application> or <application>XCOPY</application>
. Then, if the . Then, if the
first drive fails, or is attacked by a virus, or is scribbled upon by an first drive fails, or is attacked by a virus, or is scribbled upon by an
operating system defect, he can easily recover by instructing the BIOS operating system defect, he can easily recover by instructing the BIOS
@ -1580,7 +1580,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
<para>So far this is probably similar to any other operating system you <para>So far this is probably similar to any other operating system you
may have used. There are a few differences; for example, DOS uses may have used. There are a few differences; for example, DOS uses
<literal>\</literal> to separate file and directory names, while MacOS <literal>\</literal> to separate file and directory names, while &macos;
uses <literal>:</literal>.</para> uses <literal>:</literal>.</para>
<para>FreeBSD does not use drive letters, or other drive names in the <para>FreeBSD does not use drive letters, or other drive names in the
@ -1794,7 +1794,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
<para>Filesystems are contained in partitions. This does not have the <para>Filesystems are contained in partitions. This does not have the
same meaning as the earlier usage of the term partition in this same meaning as the earlier usage of the term partition in this
chapter, because of FreeBSD's Unix heritage. Each partition is chapter, because of FreeBSD's &unix; heritage. Each partition is
identified by a letter from <literal>a</literal> through to identified by a letter from <literal>a</literal> through to
<literal>h</literal>. Each partition can contain only one filesystem, <literal>h</literal>. Each partition can contain only one filesystem,
which means that filesystems are often described by either their which means that filesystems are often described by either their
@ -1865,7 +1865,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
<para>Each partition-that-contains-a-filesystem is stored in what <para>Each partition-that-contains-a-filesystem is stored in what
FreeBSD calls a <firstterm>slice</firstterm>. Slice is FreeBSD's term FreeBSD calls a <firstterm>slice</firstterm>. Slice is FreeBSD's term
for what were earlier called partitions, and again, this is because of for what were earlier called partitions, and again, this is because of
FreeBSD's Unix background. Slices are numbered, starting at 1, FreeBSD's UNIX background. Slices are numbered, starting at 1,
through to 4.</para> through to 4.</para>
<indexterm><primary>slices</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>slices</primary></indexterm>
@ -2189,7 +2189,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
appropriate figure and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para> appropriate figure and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
<para>If you have already made space for FreeBSD (perhaps by using a <para>If you have already made space for FreeBSD (perhaps by using a
tool such as <application>PartitionMagic</application>&reg;) then you can tool such as <application>&partitionmagic;</application>) then you can
press <keycap>C</keycap> to create a new slice. Again, you will be press <keycap>C</keycap> to create a new slice. Again, you will be
prompted for the size of slice you would like to create.</para> prompted for the size of slice you would like to create.</para>
@ -2648,7 +2648,7 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
on the intended use of the system and the amount of disk space on the intended use of the system and the amount of disk space
available. The predefined options range from installing the available. The predefined options range from installing the
smallest possible configuration to everything. Those who are smallest possible configuration to everything. Those who are
new to Unix and/or FreeBSD should almost certainly select one new to &unix; and/or FreeBSD should almost certainly select one
of these canned options. Customizing a distribution set is of these canned options. Customizing a distribution set is
typically for the more experienced user.</para> typically for the more experienced user.</para>
@ -4961,7 +4961,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
<para>The following section covers basic installation troubleshooting, <para>The following section covers basic installation troubleshooting,
such as common problems people have reported. There are also a few such as common problems people have reported. There are also a few
questions and answers for people wishing to dual-boot FreeBSD with questions and answers for people wishing to dual-boot FreeBSD with
MS-DOS.</para> &ms-dos;.</para>
<sect2> <sect2>
<title>What to Do If Something Goes Wrong</title> <title>What to Do If Something Goes Wrong</title>
@ -5045,15 +5045,15 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
<indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm>
<para>Many users wish to install &os; on <acronym>PC</acronym>s inhabited by <para>Many users wish to install &os; on <acronym>PC</acronym>s inhabited by
Microsoft&trade; based operating systems. For those instances, &os; has a &microsoft; based operating systems. For those instances, &os; has a
utility known as <application>FIPS</application>. This utility can be found utility known as <application>FIPS</application>. This utility can be found
in the <filename>tools</filename> directory on the install CD-ROM, or downloaded in the <filename>tools</filename> directory on the install CD-ROM, or downloaded
from one of various &os; mirrors.</para> from one of various &os; mirrors.</para>
<para>The <application>FIPS</application> utility allows you to split an <para>The <application>FIPS</application> utility allows you to split an
existing MS-DOS partition into two pieces, preserving the original existing &ms-dos; partition into two pieces, preserving the original
partition and allowing you to install onto the second free piece. partition and allowing you to install onto the second free piece.
You first need to defragment your MS-DOS partition using the Windows&trade; You first need to defragment your MS-DOS partition using the &windows;;
<application>Disk Defragmenter</application> utility (go into Explorer, right-click on <application>Disk Defragmenter</application> utility (go into Explorer, right-click on
the hard drive, and choose to defrag your hard drive), or use the hard drive, and choose to defrag your hard drive), or use
<application>Norton Disk Tools</application>. Now you can run the <application>Norton Disk Tools</application>. Now you can run the
@ -5065,7 +5065,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
<para>There is also a very useful product from PowerQuest <para>There is also a very useful product from PowerQuest
(<ulink url="http://www.powerquest.com/">http://www.powerquest.com</ulink>) called (<ulink url="http://www.powerquest.com/">http://www.powerquest.com</ulink>) called
<application>PartitionMagic</application>&reg;. This application has far more <application>&partitionmagic;</application>. This application has far more
functionality than <application>FIPS</application>, and is highly recommended functionality than <application>FIPS</application>, and is highly recommended
if you plan to add/remove operating systems often. It does cost money, so if you if you plan to add/remove operating systems often. It does cost money, so if you
plan to install &os; and keep it installed, <application>FIPS</application> plan to install &os; and keep it installed, <application>FIPS</application>
@ -5240,7 +5240,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/tools/"><filename>tools</filename> url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/tools/"><filename>tools</filename>
directory</ulink> on the FreeBSD FTP site.</para> directory</ulink> on the FreeBSD FTP site.</para>
<para>If you are writing the floppies on a Unix system (such <para>If you are writing the floppies on a &unix; system (such
as another FreeBSD system) you can use the &man.dd.1; as another FreeBSD system) you can use the &man.dd.1;
command to write the image files directly to disk. On command to write the image files directly to disk. On
FreeBSD you would run:</para> FreeBSD you would run:</para>
@ -5250,7 +5250,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
<para>On FreeBSD <filename>/dev/fd0</filename> refers to <para>On FreeBSD <filename>/dev/fd0</filename> refers to
the first floppy disk (the <devicename>A:</devicename> the first floppy disk (the <devicename>A:</devicename>
drive). <filename>/dev/fd1</filename> would be the drive). <filename>/dev/fd1</filename> would be the
<devicename>B:</devicename> drive, and so on. Other Unix <devicename>B:</devicename> drive, and so on. Other UNIX
variants might have different names for the floppy disk variants might have different names for the floppy disk
devices, and you will need to check the documentation for devices, and you will need to check the documentation for
the system as necessary.</para> the system as necessary.</para>
@ -5355,7 +5355,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
<para>There may be some situations in which you need to create your own <para>There may be some situations in which you need to create your own
FreeBSD installation media and/or source. This might be physical media, FreeBSD installation media and/or source. This might be physical media,
such as a tape, or a source that <application>sysinstall</application> such as a tape, or a source that <application>sysinstall</application>
can use to retrieve the files, such as a local FTP site, or an MS-DOS can use to retrieve the files, such as a local FTP site, or an &ms-dos;
partition. For example:</para> partition. For example:</para>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
@ -5368,7 +5368,7 @@ Please press any key to reboot.</screen>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>You have a FreeBSD disk, FreeBSD does not recognize your CD/DVD <para>You have a FreeBSD disk, FreeBSD does not recognize your CD/DVD
drive, but DOS/Windows does. You want to copy the FreeBSD drive, but DOS/&windows; does. You want to copy the FreeBSD
installations files to a DOS partition on the same computer, and installations files to a DOS partition on the same computer, and
then install FreeBSD using those files.</para> then install FreeBSD using those files.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>

22
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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
<para>FreeBSD is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for <para>FreeBSD is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for
Intel (x86), DEC <trademark>Alpha</trademark>, and Sun Intel (x86), DEC <trademark>Alpha</trademark>, and Sun
<trademark>UltraSparc</trademark> computers. Ports to other &ultrasparc; computers. Ports to other
architectures are also underway. For a brief overview of FreeBSD, architectures are also underway. For a brief overview of FreeBSD,
see the <link linkend="os-overview">next section</link>. You can also see the <link linkend="os-overview">next section</link>. You can also
read about <link linkend="history">the history of FreeBSD</link>, read about <link linkend="history">the history of FreeBSD</link>,
@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
<para>Thousands of additional and <para>Thousands of additional and
<emphasis>easy-to-port</emphasis> applications are available <emphasis>easy-to-port</emphasis> applications are available
on the Internet. FreeBSD is source code compatible with most on the Internet. FreeBSD is source code compatible with most
popular commercial Unix systems and thus most applications popular commercial &unix; systems and thus most applications
require few, if any, changes to compile.</para> require few, if any, changes to compile.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
limited only by your own imagination. From software development limited only by your own imagination. From software development
to factory automation, inventory control to azimuth correction of to factory automation, inventory control to azimuth correction of
remote satellite antennae; if it can be done with a commercial remote satellite antennae; if it can be done with a commercial
Unix product then it is more than likely that you can do it with UNIX product then it is more than likely that you can do it with
FreeBSD too! FreeBSD also benefits significantly from FreeBSD too! FreeBSD also benefits significantly from
literally thousands of high quality applications developed by literally thousands of high quality applications developed by
research centers and universities around the world, often research centers and universities around the world, often
@ -847,14 +847,14 @@
<primary>Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG)</primary> <primary>Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG)</primary>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
<para>FreeBSD is a freely available, full source 4.4BSD-Lite based <para>FreeBSD is a freely available, full source 4.4BSD-Lite based
release for Intel i386, i486, <trademark>Pentium</trademark>, release for Intel &i386;, &i486;, &pentium;,
<trademark>Pentium&nbsp;Pro</trademark>, &pentium;&nbsp;Pro,
<trademark>Celeron</trademark>, &celeron;,
<trademark>Pentium&nbsp;II</trademark>, &pentium;&nbsp;II,
<trademark>Pentium&nbsp;III</trademark>, &pentium;&nbsp;III,
<trademark>Pentium&nbsp;IV</trademark> (or compatible), &pentium;&nbsp;4 (or compatible),
<trademark>Xeon</trademark>, DEC <trademark>Alpha</trademark> &xeon;, DEC <trademark>Alpha</trademark>
and Sun <trademark>UltraSparc</trademark> based computer and Sun &ultrasparc; based computer
systems. It is based primarily on software from U.C. Berkeley's systems. It is based primarily on software from U.C. Berkeley's
CSRG group, with some enhancements from NetBSD, OpenBSD, 386BSD, and CSRG group, with some enhancements from NetBSD, OpenBSD, 386BSD, and
the Free Software Foundation.</para> the Free Software Foundation.</para>

4
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@ -92,6 +92,10 @@
<!ENTITY tm-attrib.linux "<para>Linux is a registered trademarks of <!ENTITY tm-attrib.linux "<para>Linux is a registered trademarks of
Linus Torvalds in the United States.</para>"> Linus Torvalds in the United States.</para>">
<!ENTITY tm-attrib.macromedia "<para>Macromedia and Flash are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Macromedia, Inc. in the
United States and/or other countries.</para>">
<!ENTITY tm-attrib.microsoft "<para>Microsoft, FrontPage, MS-DOS, <!ENTITY tm-attrib.microsoft "<para>Microsoft, FrontPage, MS-DOS,
Outlook, Windows, Windows Media, and Windows NT are either Outlook, Windows, Windows Media, and Windows NT are either
registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the