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en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.xml
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@ -30,18 +30,17 @@
<para>An installation of &os; using <para>An installation of &os; using
<application>bsdinstall</application> does not automatically <application>bsdinstall</application> does not automatically
install a graphical user interface. This chapter describes install a graphical user interface. This chapter describes how
how to install and configure <application>&xorg;</application>, to install and configure <application>&xorg;</application>,
which provides the open source X Window System used to provide which provides the open source X Window System used to provide a
a graphical environment. It then describes how to find and graphical environment. It then describes how to find and
install a desktop environment or window manager.</para> install a desktop environment or window manager.</para>
<note> <note>
<para>Users who prefer an installation method that automatically <para>Users who prefer an installation method that automatically
configures the <application>&xorg;</application> and offers configures the <application>&xorg;</application> and offers a
a choice of window managers during installation should choice of window managers during installation should refer to
refer to the <link the <link xlink:href="http://www.pcbsd.org/">pcbsd.org</link>
xlink:href="http://www.pcbsd.org/">pcbsd.org</link>
website.</para> website.</para>
</note> </note>
@ -103,17 +102,17 @@
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>X was designed from the beginning to be <para>X was designed from the beginning to be
network-centric, and adopts a <quote>client-server</quote> network-centric, and adopts a <quote>client-server</quote>
model. In this model, the <quote>X server</quote> runs model. In this model, the <quote>X server</quote> runs on
on the computer that has the keyboard, monitor, and mouse the computer that has the keyboard, monitor, and mouse
attached. The server's responsibility includes tasks attached. The server's responsibility includes tasks such
such as managing the display, handling input from the as managing the display, handling input from the keyboard
keyboard and mouse, and handling input or output from and mouse, and handling input or output from other devices
other devices such as a tablet or a video projector. such as a tablet or a video projector. This confuses some
This confuses some people, because the X terminology is people, because the X terminology is exactly backward to
exactly backward to what they expect. They expect the what they expect. They expect the <quote>X server</quote>
<quote>X server</quote> to be the big powerful machine to be the big powerful machine down the hall, and the
down the hall, and the <quote>X client</quote> to be the <quote>X client</quote> to be the machine on their
machine on their desk.</para> desk.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -133,10 +132,9 @@
<para>In a home or small office environment, the X server <para>In a home or small office environment, the X server
and the X clients commonly run on the same computer. It and the X clients commonly run on the same computer. It
is also possible to run the X server on a less powerful is also possible to run the X server on a less powerful
computer and to run the X applications on a more computer and to run the X applications on a more powerful
powerful system. In this scenario, the communication system. In this scenario, the communication between the X
between the X client and server takes place over the client and server takes place over the network.</para>
network.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -147,23 +145,23 @@
<para>X does not dictate what windows should look like on <para>X does not dictate what windows should look like on
screen, how to move them around with the mouse, which screen, how to move them around with the mouse, which
keystrokes should be used to move between windows, what keystrokes should be used to move between windows, what
the title bars on each window should look like, whether the title bars on each window should look like, whether or
or not they have close buttons on them, and so on. not they have close buttons on them, and so on. Instead,
Instead, X delegates this responsibility to a separate X delegates this responsibility to a separate window
window manager application. There are <link manager application. There are <link
xlink:href="http://xwinman.org/">dozens of window xlink:href="http://xwinman.org/">dozens of window
managers</link> available. Each window manager managers</link> available. Each window manager provides
provides a different look and feel: some support virtual a different look and feel: some support virtual desktops,
desktops, some allow customized keystrokes to manage the some allow customized keystrokes to manage the desktop,
desktop, some have a <quote>Start</quote> button, and some have a <quote>Start</quote> button, and some are
some are themeable, allowing a complete change of the themeable, allowing a complete change of the desktop's
desktop's look-and-feel. Window managers are available look-and-feel. Window managers are available in the
in the <filename>x11-wm</filename> category of the <filename>x11-wm</filename> category of the Ports
Ports Collection.</para> Collection.</para>
<para>Each window manager uses a different configuration <para>Each window manager uses a different configuration
mechanism. Some expect configuration file written by mechanism. Some expect configuration file written by hand
hand while others provide graphical tools for most while others provide graphical tools for most
configuration tasks.</para> configuration tasks.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -193,26 +191,26 @@
<para>One focus policy is called <para>One focus policy is called
<quote>click-to-focus</quote>. In this model, a window <quote>click-to-focus</quote>. In this model, a window
becomes active upon receiving a mouse click. In the becomes active upon receiving a mouse click. In the
<quote>focus-follows-mouse</quote> policy, the window <quote>focus-follows-mouse</quote> policy, the window that
that is under the mouse pointer has focus and the focus is under the mouse pointer has focus and the focus is
is changed by pointing at another window. If the mouse changed by pointing at another window. If the mouse is
is over the root window, then this window is focused. over the root window, then this window is focused. In the
In the <quote>sloppy-focus</quote> model, if the mouse <quote>sloppy-focus</quote> model, if the mouse is moved
is moved over the root window, the most recently used over the root window, the most recently used window still
window still has the focus. With sloppy-focus, focus has the focus. With sloppy-focus, focus is only changed
is only changed when the cursor enters a new window, and when the cursor enters a new window, and not when exiting
not when exiting the current window. In the the current window. In the <quote>click-to-focus</quote>
<quote>click-to-focus</quote> policy, the active window policy, the active window is selected by mouse click. The
is selected by mouse click. The window may then be window may then be raised and appear in front of all other
raised and appear in front of all other windows. All windows. All keystrokes will now be directed to this
keystrokes will now be directed to this window, even if window, even if the cursor is moved to another
the cursor is moved to another window.</para> window.</para>
<para>Different window managers support different focus <para>Different window managers support different focus
models. All of them support click-to-focus, and the models. All of them support click-to-focus, and the
majority of them also support other policies. Consult majority of them also support other policies. Consult the
the documentation for the window manager to determine documentation for the window manager to determine which
which focus models are available.</para> focus models are available.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -229,8 +227,8 @@
<application>KDE</application>, and GTK+, used by <application>KDE</application>, and GTK+, used by
<application>GNOME</application>. As a result, <application>GNOME</application>. As a result,
applications will have a different look and feel, applications will have a different look and feel,
depending upon which widget toolkit was used to create depending upon which widget toolkit was used to create the
the application.</para> application.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
@ -250,8 +248,8 @@
section install the complete <application>&xorg;</application> section install the complete <application>&xorg;</application>
distribution.</para> distribution.</para>
<para>To build and install <application>&xorg;</application> <para>To build and install <application>&xorg;</application> from
from the Ports Collection:</para> the Ports Collection:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</userinput> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen> &prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
@ -312,8 +310,8 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>Test the system by moving the mouse and typing text into <para>Test the system by moving the mouse and typing text into
the windows. If both mouse and keyboard work as expected, the windows. If both mouse and keyboard work as expected,
see <xref linkend="x11-wm"/> and see <xref linkend="x11-wm"/> and <xref
<xref linkend="x-xdm"/>.</para> linkend="x-xdm"/>.</para>
<para>If the mouse or keyboard do not work, continue with <para>If the mouse or keyboard do not work, continue with
<xref linkend="x-config"/>.</para> <xref linkend="x-config"/>.</para>
@ -338,9 +336,9 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<indexterm><primary>&xorg;</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>&xorg;</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary><application>&xorg;</application></primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary><application>&xorg;</application></primary></indexterm>
<para>Those with older or unusual equipment may <para>Those with older or unusual equipment may find it helpful to
find it helpful to gather some hardware information before gather some hardware information before beginning
beginning configuration.</para> configuration.</para>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
@ -374,16 +372,16 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
<para>Screen resolution and refresh rate are determined by the <para>Screen resolution and refresh rate are determined by the
monitor's horizontal and vertical sync frequencies. Almost monitor's horizontal and vertical sync frequencies. Almost all
all monitors support electronic autodetection of these values. monitors support electronic autodetection of these values. A
A few monitors do not provide these values, and the few monitors do not provide these values, and the specifications
specifications must be determined from the printed manual or must be determined from the printed manual or manufacturer web
manufacturer web site.</para> site.</para>
<para>The video card chipset is also autodetected, and used to <para>The video card chipset is also autodetected, and used to
select the proper video driver. It is beneficial for the user select the proper video driver. It is beneficial for the user
to be aware of which chipset is installed for when to be aware of which chipset is installed for when autodetection
autodetection does not provide the desired result.</para> does not provide the desired result.</para>
<para>Video card memory determines the maximum resolution and <para>Video card memory determines the maximum resolution and
color depth which can be displayed.</para> color depth which can be displayed.</para>
@ -455,29 +453,23 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>This will generate a file named <para>This will generate a file named
<filename>/root/xorg.conf.new</filename> which attempts to <filename>/root/xorg.conf.new</filename> which attempts to
load the proper drivers for the detected hardware. Next, load the proper drivers for the detected hardware. Next, test
test that the automatically generated configuration file that the automatically generated configuration file works with
works with the graphics hardware by typing:</para> the graphics hardware by typing:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>Xorg -config xorg.conf.new -retro</userinput></screen> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>Xorg -config xorg.conf.new -retro</userinput></screen>
<para>If a black and grey grid and an X mouse cursor appear, <para>If a black and grey grid and an X mouse cursor appear, the
the configuration was successful. To exit the test, switch configuration was successful. To exit the test, switch to the
to the virtual console used to start it by pressing virtual console used to start it by pressing <keycombo
<keycombo action="simul"> action="simul"> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap> </keycombo>
<keycap>Alt</keycap> (<keycap>F1</keycap> for the first virtual console) and press
<keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap> <keycombo action="simul"> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
</keycombo> (<keycap>F1</keycap> for the first virtual <keycap>C</keycap> </keycombo>.</para>
console) and press
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>C</keycap>
</keycombo>.</para>
<note> <note>
<para>The <para>The <keycombo action="simul">
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>Backspace</keycap> <keycap>Backspace</keycap>
@ -526,10 +518,10 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>Desktop environments like <para>Desktop environments like
<application>GNOME</application>, <application>GNOME</application>,
<application>KDE</application> or <application>KDE</application> or
<application>Xfce</application> provide graphical tools <application>Xfce</application> provide graphical tools to
to set parameters such as video resolution. If the default set parameters such as video resolution. If the default
configuration works, skip to <xref linkend="x11-wm"/> configuration works, skip to <xref linkend="x11-wm"/> for
for examples on how to install a desktop environment.</para> examples on how to install a desktop environment.</para>
</note> </note>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
@ -558,24 +550,24 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
fonts are almost completely unintelligible. However, there fonts are almost completely unintelligible. However, there
are several free, high quality Type1 (&postscript;) fonts are several free, high quality Type1 (&postscript;) fonts
available which can be readily used with available which can be readily used with
<application>&xorg;</application>. For instance, the URW <application>&xorg;</application>. For instance, the URW font
font collection (<package>x11-fonts/urwfonts</package>) collection (<package>x11-fonts/urwfonts</package>) includes
includes high quality versions of standard type1 fonts high quality versions of standard type1 fonts (<trademark
(<trademark class="registered">Times Roman</trademark>, class="registered">Times Roman</trademark>, <trademark
<trademark class="registered">Helvetica</trademark>, class="registered">Helvetica</trademark>, <trademark
<trademark class="registered">Palatino</trademark> and class="registered">Palatino</trademark> and others). The
others). The Freefonts collection Freefonts collection (<package>x11-fonts/freefonts</package>)
(<package>x11-fonts/freefonts</package>) includes many more includes many more fonts, but most of them are intended for
fonts, but most of them are intended for use in graphics use in graphics software such as the
software such as the <application>Gimp</application>, and are <application>Gimp</application>, and are not complete enough
not complete enough to serve as screen fonts. In addition, to serve as screen fonts. In addition,
<application>&xorg;</application> can be configured to use <application>&xorg;</application> can be configured to use
&truetype; fonts with a minimum of effort. For more details &truetype; fonts with a minimum of effort. For more details
on this, see the &man.X.7; manual page or <xref on this, see the &man.X.7; manual page or <xref
linkend="truetype"/>.</para> linkend="truetype"/>.</para>
<para>To install the above Type1 font collections from the <para>To install the above Type1 font collections from the Ports
Ports Collection, run the following commands:</para> Collection, run the following commands:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts</userinput> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen> &prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
@ -634,8 +626,8 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
format for use by <application>&xorg;</application>. Once the format for use by <application>&xorg;</application>. Once the
files have been copied into this directory, use files have been copied into this directory, use
<application>ttmkfdir</application> to create a <application>ttmkfdir</application> to create a
<filename>fonts.dir</filename>, so that the X font <filename>fonts.dir</filename>, so that the X font renderer
renderer knows that these new files have been installed. knows that these new files have been installed.
<command>ttmkfdir</command> is available from the FreeBSD <command>ttmkfdir</command> is available from the FreeBSD
Ports Collection as Ports Collection as
<package>x11-fonts/ttmkfdir</package>.</para> <package>x11-fonts/ttmkfdir</package>.</para>
@ -654,12 +646,12 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<filename>xorg.conf</filename>.</para> <filename>xorg.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>Now <application>Gimp</application>, <para>Now <application>Gimp</application>,
<application>OpenOffice</application>, and all of the <application>OpenOffice</application>, and all of the other X
other X applications should now recognize the installed applications should now recognize the installed &truetype;
&truetype; fonts. Extremely small fonts (as with text in a fonts. Extremely small fonts (as with text in a high
high resolution display on a web page) and extremely large resolution display on a web page) and extremely large fonts
fonts (within <application>&staroffice;</application>) will (within <application>&staroffice;</application>) will look
look much better now.</para> much better now.</para>
</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="antialias"> <sect2 xml:id="antialias">
@ -982,8 +974,8 @@ dbus_enable="YES"</programlisting>
If a display that <application>XDM</application> is If a display that <application>XDM</application> is
trying to start hangs, look at this file for error trying to start hangs, look at this file for error
messages. These messages are also written to the messages. These messages are also written to the
user's <filename>~/.xsession-errors</filename> on user's <filename>~/.xsession-errors</filename> on a
a per-session basis.</entry> per-session basis.</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
@ -1040,9 +1032,9 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
<para>This section describes how to install three popular desktop <para>This section describes how to install three popular desktop
environments on a &os; system. A desktop environment can range environments on a &os; system. A desktop environment can range
from a simple window manager to a complete suite of desktop from a simple window manager to a complete suite of desktop
applications. Over a hundred desktop environments are applications. Over a hundred desktop environments are available
available in the <filename>x11-wm</filename> category of the in the <filename>x11-wm</filename> category of the Ports
Ports Collection.</para> Collection.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="x11-wm-gnome"> <sect2 xml:id="x11-wm-gnome">
<title>GNOME</title> <title>GNOME</title>
@ -1075,10 +1067,9 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen> &prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>For proper operation, <application>GNOME</application> <para>For proper operation, <application>GNOME</application>
requires <filename>/proc</filename> to be requires <filename>/proc</filename> to be mounted. Add this
mounted. Add this line to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> to line to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> to mount this file
mount this file system automatically during system system automatically during system startup:</para>
startup:</para>
<programlisting>proc /proc procfs rw 0 0</programlisting> <programlisting>proc /proc procfs rw 0 0</programlisting>
@ -1095,8 +1086,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
<para>It is often desirable to also start all <para>It is often desirable to also start all
<application>GNOME</application> services. To achieve this, <application>GNOME</application> services. To achieve this,
add a second line to add a second line to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>gnome_enable="YES"</programlisting> <programlisting>gnome_enable="YES"</programlisting>
@ -1159,9 +1149,9 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
<para><application>KDE</application> requires <para><application>KDE</application> requires
<filename>/proc</filename> to be mounted. Add <filename>/proc</filename> to be mounted. Add this line to
this line to <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> to mount this <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> to mount this file system
file system automatically during system startup:</para> automatically during system startup:</para>
<programlisting>proc /proc procfs rw 0 0</programlisting> <programlisting>proc /proc procfs rw 0 0</programlisting>
@ -1252,43 +1242,43 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
<sect2 xml:id="x-compiz-video-card"> <sect2 xml:id="x-compiz-video-card">
<title>Setting up the &os; nVidia driver</title> <title>Setting up the &os; nVidia driver</title>
<para>Desktop effects can cause quite a load on the graphics card. <para>Desktop effects can cause quite a load on the graphics
For an an nVidia-based graphics card, the proprietary driver card. For an an nVidia-based graphics card, the proprietary
is required for good performance. Users of other graphics driver is required for good performance. Users of other
cards can skip this section and continue with the graphics cards can skip this section and continue with the
<filename>xorg.conf</filename> configuration.</para> <filename>xorg.conf</filename> configuration.</para>
<para> <para>To determine which nVidia driver is needed see the <link
To determine which nVidia driver is needed see the <link xlink:href="&url.books.faq;/x.html#idp59950544">FAQ question xlink:href="&url.books.faq;/x.html#idp59950544">FAQ question
on the subject</link>. on the subject</link>.</para>
</para>
<para>Having determined the correct driver to use for your card, <para>Having determined the correct driver to use for your card,
installation is as simple as installing any other package.</para> installation is as simple as installing any other
package.</para>
<para>For example, to install the latest driver:</para> <para>For example, to install the latest driver:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg install x11/nvidia-driver</userinput></screen> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg install x11/nvidia-driver</userinput></screen>
<para>The driver will create a kernel module, which needs to be loaded <para>The driver will create a kernel module, which needs to be
at system startup. Add the following line to loaded at system startup. Add the following line to
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para> <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>nvidia_load="YES"</programlisting> <programlisting>nvidia_load="YES"</programlisting>
<note> <note>
<para>To immediately load the kernel module into the <para>To immediately load the kernel module into the running
running kernel by issuing a command like kernel by issuing a command like <command>kldload
<command>kldload nvidia</command>, however it has been noted that nvidia</command>, however it has been noted that the some
the some versions of <application>&xorg;</application> will not versions of <application>&xorg;</application> will not
function properly if the driver is not loaded at boot time. After function properly if the driver is not loaded at boot time.
editing <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, a reboot is After editing <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, a
recommended.</para> reboot is recommended.</para>
</note> </note>
<para>With the kernel module loaded, you normally only need to change <para>With the kernel module loaded, you normally only need to
a single line in your <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file to enable change a single line in your <filename>xorg.conf</filename>
the proprietary driver:</para> file to enable the proprietary driver:</para>
<para>Find the following line in <para>Find the following line in
<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>:</para> <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>:</para>
@ -1310,14 +1300,15 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> needs to be <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> needs to be
modified:</para> modified:</para>
<para>Add the following section to enable composite effects:</para> <para>Add the following section to enable composite
effects:</para>
<programlisting>Section "Extensions" <programlisting>Section "Extensions"
Option "Composite" "Enable" Option "Composite" "Enable"
EndSection</programlisting> EndSection</programlisting>
<para>Locate the <quote>Screen</quote> section which should look similar <para>Locate the <quote>Screen</quote> section which should look
to the one below:</para> similar to the one below:</para>
<programlisting>Section "Screen" <programlisting>Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0" Identifier "Screen0"
@ -1325,25 +1316,25 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
Monitor "Monitor0" Monitor "Monitor0"
...</programlisting> ...</programlisting>
<para>and add the following two lines (after <quote>Monitor</quote> will <para>and add the following two lines (after
do):</para> <quote>Monitor</quote> will do):</para>
<programlisting>DefaultDepth 24 <programlisting>DefaultDepth 24
Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"</programlisting> Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"</programlisting>
<para>Locate the <quote>Subsection</quote> that refers to the <para>Locate the <quote>Subsection</quote> that refers to the
screen resolution that you wish to use. For example, if you wish to screen resolution that you wish to use. For example, if you
use 1280x1024, locate the section that follows. If the desired wish to use 1280x1024, locate the section that follows. If
resolution does not appear in any subsection, you may add the relevant the desired resolution does not appear in any subsection, you
entry by hand:</para> may add the relevant entry by hand:</para>
<programlisting>SubSection "Display" <programlisting>SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0 Viewport 0 0
Modes "1280x1024" Modes "1280x1024"
EndSubSection</programlisting> EndSubSection</programlisting>
<para>A color depth of 24&nbsp;bits is needed for desktop composition, <para>A color depth of 24&nbsp;bits is needed for desktop
change the above subsection to:</para> composition, change the above subsection to:</para>
<programlisting>SubSection "Display" <programlisting>SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0 Viewport 0 0
@ -1352,8 +1343,8 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
EndSubSection</programlisting> EndSubSection</programlisting>
<para>Finally, confirm that the <quote>glx</quote> and <para>Finally, confirm that the <quote>glx</quote> and
<quote>extmod</quote> modules are loaded in the <quote>Module</quote> <quote>extmod</quote> modules are loaded in the
section:</para> <quote>Module</quote> section:</para>
<programlisting>Section "Module" <programlisting>Section "Module"
Load "extmod" Load "extmod"
@ -1377,69 +1368,70 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg install x11-wm/compiz-fusion</userinput></screen> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg install x11-wm/compiz-fusion</userinput></screen>
<para>When the installation is finished, start your graphic desktop and <para>When the installation is finished, start your graphic
at a terminal, enter the following commands (as a normal user):</para> desktop and at a terminal, enter the following commands (as a
normal user):</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &amp;</userinput> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &amp;</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>emerald --replace &amp;</userinput></screen> &prompt.user; <userinput>emerald --replace &amp;</userinput></screen>
<para>Your screen will flicker for a few seconds, as your window manager <para>Your screen will flicker for a few seconds, as your window
(e.g. <application>Metacity</application> if you are using manager (e.g. <application>Metacity</application> if you are
<application>GNOME</application>) is replaced by using <application>GNOME</application>) is replaced by
<application>Compiz&nbsp;Fusion</application>. <application>Compiz&nbsp;Fusion</application>.
<application>Emerald</application> takes care of the window <application>Emerald</application> takes care of the window
decorations (i.e. close, minimize, maximize buttons, title bars decorations (i.e. close, minimize, maximize buttons, title
and so on).</para> bars and so on).</para>
<para>You may convert this to a trivial script and have it run at <para>You may convert this to a trivial script and have it run
startup automatically (e.g. by adding to <quote>Sessions</quote> in at startup automatically (e.g. by adding to
a <application>GNOME</application> desktop):</para> <quote>Sessions</quote> in a <application>GNOME</application>
desktop):</para>
<programlisting>#! /bin/sh <programlisting>#! /bin/sh
compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &amp; compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &amp;
emerald --replace &amp;</programlisting> emerald --replace &amp;</programlisting>
<para>Save this in your home directory as, for example, <para>Save this in your home directory as, for example,
<filename>start-compiz</filename> and make it executable:</para> <filename>start-compiz</filename> and make it
executable:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>chmod +x ~/start-compiz</userinput></screen> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>chmod +x ~/start-compiz</userinput></screen>
<para>Then use the GUI to add it to <para>Then use the GUI to add it to <guimenuitem>Startup
<guimenuitem>Startup Programs</guimenuitem> Programs</guimenuitem> (located in
(located in <guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem>,
<guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem>,
<guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem> on a <guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem> on a
<application>GNOME</application> desktop).</para> <application>GNOME</application> desktop).</para>
<para>To actually select all the desired effects and their settings, <para>To actually select all the desired effects and their
execute (again as a normal user) the settings, execute (again as a normal user) the
<application>Compiz&nbsp;Config&nbsp;Settings&nbsp;Manager</application>:</para> <application>Compiz&nbsp;Config&nbsp;Settings&nbsp;Manager</application>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ccsm</userinput></screen> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ccsm</userinput></screen>
<note> <note>
<para>In <application>GNOME</application>, this can also be found in <para>In <application>GNOME</application>, this can also be
the <guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem>, found in the <guimenuitem>System</guimenuitem>,
<guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> menu.</para> <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> menu.</para>
</note> </note>
<para>If you have selected <quote>gconf support</quote> during the build, <para>If you have selected <quote>gconf support</quote> during
you will also be able to view these settings using the build, you will also be able to view these settings using
<command>gconf-editor</command> under <literal>apps/compiz</literal>. <command>gconf-editor</command> under
</para> <literal>apps/compiz</literal>.</para>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="x11-understanding"> <sect1 xml:id="x11-understanding">
<title>Troubleshooting</title> <title>Troubleshooting</title>
<para>If the mouse does not work, you will need to first <para>If the mouse does not work, you will need to first configure
configure it before proceeding. See <xref linkend="mouse"/> it before proceeding. See <xref linkend="mouse"/> in the &os;
in the &os; install chapter. In recent install chapter. In recent <application>Xorg</application>
<application>Xorg</application> versions, the versions, the <literal>InputDevice</literal> sections in
<literal>InputDevice</literal> sections in
<filename>xorg.conf</filename> are ignored in favor of the <filename>xorg.conf</filename> are ignored in favor of the
autodetected devices. To restore the old behavior, add the autodetected devices. To restore the old behavior, add the
following line to the <literal>ServerLayout</literal> or following line to the <literal>ServerLayout</literal> or
@ -1493,8 +1485,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>setxkbmap -model pc102 -layout fr</userinput></screen> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>setxkbmap -model pc102 -layout fr</userinput></screen>
<para> <para><filename>/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst</filename>
<filename>/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst</filename>
lists the various keyboard, layouts and options lists the various keyboard, layouts and options
available.</para> available.</para>
</note> </note>
@ -1518,8 +1509,8 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
VertRefresh 48-120 VertRefresh 48-120
EndSection</programlisting> EndSection</programlisting>
<para>Most monitors support sync frequency autodetection, <para>Most monitors support sync frequency autodetection, making
making manual entry of these values unnecessary. For the few manual entry of these values unnecessary. For the few
monitors that do not support autodetection, avoid potential monitors that do not support autodetection, avoid potential
damage by only entering values provided by the damage by only entering values provided by the
manufacturer.</para> manufacturer.</para>
@ -1536,10 +1527,10 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
<primary><filename>xorg.conf</filename></primary> <primary><filename>xorg.conf</filename></primary>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
<para>While the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> <para>While the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> configuration
configuration file is still open in an editor, select the file is still open in an editor, select the default resolution
default resolution and color depth desired. This is defined and color depth desired. This is defined in the
in the <literal>"Screen"</literal> section:</para> <literal>"Screen"</literal> section:</para>
<programlisting>Section "Screen" <programlisting>Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0" Identifier "Screen0"
@ -1602,10 +1593,10 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
<para>Configuration with &intel; i810 integrated chipsets <para>Configuration with &intel; i810 integrated chipsets
requires the <filename>agpgart</filename> AGP requires the <filename>agpgart</filename> AGP programming
programming interface for <application>&xorg;</application> interface for <application>&xorg;</application> to drive the
to drive the card. See the &man.agp.4; driver manual page card. See the &man.agp.4; driver manual page for more
for more information.</para> information.</para>
<para>This will allow configuration of the hardware as any <para>This will allow configuration of the hardware as any
other graphics board. Note on systems without the other graphics board. Note on systems without the
@ -1720,29 +1711,34 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
<qandaentry> <qandaentry>
<question xml:id="no-decorations"> <question xml:id="no-decorations">
<para>I have installed <para>I have installed
<application>Compiz&nbsp;Fusion</application>, <application>Compiz&nbsp;Fusion</application>, and
and after running the commands you mention, my windows are left after running the commands you mention, my windows are
without title bars and buttons. What is wrong?</para> left without title bars and buttons. What is
wrong?</para>
</question> </question>
<answer> <answer>
<para>You are probably missing a setting in <para>You are probably missing a setting in
<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>. Review this file <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>. Review this
carefully and check especially the <literal>DefaultDepth</literal> file carefully and check especially the
and <literal>AddARGBGLXVisuals</literal> directives.</para> <literal>DefaultDepth</literal> and
<literal>AddARGBGLXVisuals</literal>
directives.</para>
</answer> </answer>
</qandaentry> </qandaentry>
<qandaentry> <qandaentry>
<question xml:id="xorg-crash"> <question xml:id="xorg-crash">
<para>When I run the command to start <para>When I run the command to start
<application>Compiz&nbsp;Fusion</application>, the X server <application>Compiz&nbsp;Fusion</application>, the X
crashes and I am back at the console. What is wrong?</para> server crashes and I am back at the console. What is
wrong?</para>
</question> </question>
<answer> <answer>
<para>If you check your <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> <para>If you check your
file, you will probably find error messages during the X <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> file, you
will probably find error messages during the X
startup. The most common would be:</para> startup. The most common would be:</para>
<screen>(EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to initialize the GLX module; please check in your X <screen>(EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to initialize the GLX module; please check in your X
@ -1752,9 +1748,9 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
(EE) NVIDIA(0): reinstalling the NVIDIA driver.</screen> (EE) NVIDIA(0): reinstalling the NVIDIA driver.</screen>
<para>This is usually the case when you upgrade <para>This is usually the case when you upgrade
<application>&xorg;</application>. You will need to reinstall the <application>&xorg;</application>. You will need to
<package>x11/nvidia-driver</package> package so reinstall the <package>x11/nvidia-driver</package>
glx is built again.</para> package so glx is built again.</para>
</answer> </answer>
</qandaentry> </qandaentry>
</qandaset> </qandaset>