os/doc
3
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Add the 5.5 release documentation and "glue pages" to the Web

Browse source 
site in advance of the release and hook up to the Web site build.
This commit is contained in:
Bruce A. Mah 2006-05-24 05:43:18 +00:00
parent 72579354a0
commit a2a36be2e7
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00 
svn path=/www/; revision=27922
25 changed files with 40752 additions and 1 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

28
en/releases/5.5R/Makefile
View file

@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# $FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.5R/Makefile,v 1.1 2006/01/26 00:10:24 murray Exp $
# $FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.5R/Makefile,v 1.2 2006/02/12 15:36:17 hrs Exp $
.if exists(../Makefile.conf)
.include "../Makefile.conf"
@ -9,5 +9,31 @@
DOCS= todo.sgml approvals.sgml
DOCS+= schedule.sgml
DOCS+= hardware.sgml
DOCS+= installation.sgml
DOCS+= relnotes.sgml
DATA= docbook.css
DATA+= errata.html
DATA+= hardware-alpha.html
DATA+= hardware-amd64.html
DATA+= hardware-ia64.html
DATA+= hardware-i386.html
DATA+= hardware-pc98.html
DATA+= hardware-sparc64.html
DATA+= installation-alpha.html
DATA+= installation-amd64.html
DATA+= installation-ia64.html
DATA+= installation-i386.html
DATA+= installation-pc98.html
DATA+= installation-sparc64.html
DATA+= readme.html
DATA+= relnotes-alpha.html
DATA+= relnotes-amd64.html
DATA+= relnotes-ia64.html
DATA+= relnotes-i386.html
DATA+= relnotes-pc98.html
DATA+= relnotes-sparc64.html
.include "${WEB_PREFIX}/share/mk/web.site.mk"

142
en/releases/5.5R/docbook.css Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2001, 2003 The FreeBSD Documentation Project
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: doc/share/misc/docbook.css,v 1.8 2006/02/26 13:16:52 ceri Exp $
*/
BODY ADDRESS {
line-height: 1.3;
margin: .6em 0;
}
BODY BLOCKQUOTE {
margin-top: .75em;
line-height: 1.5;
margin-bottom: .75em;
}
HTML BODY {
margin: 1em 8% 1em 10%;
line-height: 1.2;
}
.LEGALNOTICE {
font-size: small;
font-variant: small-caps;
}
BODY DIV {
margin: 0;
}
DL {
margin: .8em 0;
line-height: 1.2;
}
BODY FORM {
margin: .6em 0;
}
H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6,
DIV.EXAMPLE P B,
.QUESTION,
DIV.TABLE P B,
DIV.PROCEDURE P B {
color: #990000;
}
BODY H1, BODY H2, BODY H3, BODY H4, BODY H5, BODY H6 {
line-height: 1.3;
margin-left: 0;
}
BODY H1, BODY H2 {
margin: .8em 0 0 -4%;
}
BODY H3, BODY H4 {
margin: .8em 0 0 -3%;
}
BODY H5 {
margin: .8em 0 0 -2%;
}
BODY H6 {
margin: .8em 0 0 -1%;
}
BODY HR {
margin: .6em;
}
BODY IMG.NAVHEADER {
margin: 0 0 0 -4%;
}
OL {
margin: 0 0 0 5%;
line-height: 1.2;
}
BODY PRE {
margin: .75em 0;
line-height: 1.0;
color: #461b7e;
}
BODY TD, BODY TH {
line-height: 1.2;
}
UL, BODY DIR, BODY MENU {
margin: 0 0 0 5%;
line-height: 1.2;
}
HTML {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.FILENAME {
color: #007a00;
}
.GUIMENU, .GUIMENUITEM, .GUISUBMENU,
.GUILABEL, .INTERFACE, .GUIBUTTON,
.SHORTCUT, .SHORTCUT .KEYCAP {
background-color: #F0F0F0;
}
.ACCEL {
background-color: #F0F0F0;
text-decoration: underline;
}
.PROGRAMLISTING, .SCREEN {
margin-left: 3ex;
}

117
en/releases/5.5R/errata.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE Errata</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE Errata</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/errata/article.sgml,v
1.69.2.35.2.1 2006/05/12 18:48:47 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
<p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and
other countries.</p>
<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc
in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based
upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
<p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and
the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
by the ``&trade;'' or the ``&reg;'' symbol.</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN22" name="AEN22"></a>
<p>This document lists errata items for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE, containing significant
information discovered after the release or too late in the release cycle to be otherwise
included in the release documentation. This information includes security advisories, as
well as news relating to the software or documentation that could affect its operation or
usability. An up-to-date version of this document should always be consulted before
installing this version of FreeBSD.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This errata document contains ``late-breaking news'' about FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE. Before
installing this version, it is important to consult this document to learn about any
post-release discoveries or problems that may already have been found and fixed.</p>
<p>Any version of this errata document actually distributed with the release (for
example, on a CDROM distribution) will be out of date by definition, but other copies are
kept updated on the Internet and should be consulted as the ``current errata'' for this
release. These other copies of the errata are located at <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a>, plus any sites which keep up-to-date
mirrors of this location.</p>
<p>Source and binary snapshots of FreeBSD 5.5-STABLE also contain up-to-date copies of
this document (as of the time of the snapshot).</p>
<p>For a list of all FreeBSD CERT security advisories, see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/</a> or <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/"
target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2 Security Advisories</a></h2>
<p>No advisories.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OPEN-ISSUES" name="OPEN-ISSUES">3 Open Issues</a></h2>
<p>No issues.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LATE-NEWS" name="LATE-NEWS">4 Late-Breaking News</a></h2>
<p>No news.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

5982
en/releases/5.5R/hardware-alpha.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

5554
en/releases/5.5R/hardware-amd64.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

7082
en/releases/5.5R/hardware-i386.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

2666
en/releases/5.5R/hardware-ia64.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

4948
en/releases/5.5R/hardware-pc98.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

1923
en/releases/5.5R/hardware-sparc64.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

35
en/releases/5.5R/hardware.sgml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" [
<!ENTITY base CDATA "../..">
<!ENTITY date "$FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.4R/hardware.sgml,v 1.2 2005/10/04 06:52:24 murray Exp $">
<!ENTITY title "FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE Hardware Notes">
<!ENTITY % navincludes SYSTEM "../../includes.navdownload.sgml"> %navincludes;
<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "../../includes.sgml"> %includes;
]>
<html>
&header;
<p>The hardware notes for FreeBSD are customized for different
platforms, as many devices are only supported on (or are
only relevant for)
specific processors or architectures.</p>
<p>Hardware notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE are available for the following
platforms:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="hardware-alpha.html">alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="hardware-amd64.html">amd64</a></li>
<li><a href="hardware-i386.html">i386</a></li>
<li><a href="hardware-ia64.html">ia64</a></li>
<li><a href="hardware-pc98.html">pc98</a></li>
<li><a href="hardware-sparc64.html">sparc64</a></li>
</ul>
<p>A list of all platforms currently under development can be found
on the <a href="../../platforms/index.html">Supported
Platforms</a> page.</p>
&footer;
</body>
</html>

1199
en/releases/5.5R/installation-alpha.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

1402
en/releases/5.5R/installation-amd64.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

1647
en/releases/5.5R/installation-i386.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

899
en/releases/5.5R/installation-ia64.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,899 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/ia64 5.5-RELEASE Installation Instructions</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/ia64 5.5-RELEASE Installation
Instructions</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN14" name="AEN14"></a>
<p>This article gives some brief instructions on installing FreeBSD/ia64 5.5-RELEASE,
with particular emphasis given to obtaining a FreeBSD distribution. Some notes on
troubleshooting and frequently-asked questions are also given.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1 Installing FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>This section documents the process of installing a new distribution of FreeBSD. These
instructions pay particular emphasis to the process of obtaining the FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE
distribution and to beginning the installation procedure. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install.html"
target="_top">``Installing FreeBSD''</a> chapter of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a> provides more in-depth information about the installation program itself,
including a guided walkthrough with screenshots.</p>
<p>If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, please see <a
href="#UPGRADING">Section 3</a> for instructions on upgrading.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1 Getting
Started</a></h3>
<p>Probably the most important pre-installation step that can be taken is that of reading
the various instruction documents provided with FreeBSD. A roadmap of documents
pertaining to this release of FreeBSD can be found in <tt
class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>, which can usually be found in the same location as this
file; most of these documents, such as the release notes and the hardware compatibility
list, are also accessible in the Documentation menu of the installer.</p>
<p>Note that on-line versions of the FreeBSD <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">Handbook</a> are also available from the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Project Web site</a>, if you have an Internet connection.</p>
<p>This collection of documents may seem daunting, but the time spent reading them will
likely be saved many times over. Being familiar with what resources are available can
also be helpful in the event of problems during installation.</p>
<p>The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a look at <a
href="#TROUBLE">Section 4</a>, which contains valuable troubleshooting information. You
should also read an updated copy of <tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> before
installing, since this will alert you to any problems which have reported in the interim
for your particular release.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against accidental loss of
data, it's still more than possible to <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">wipe
out your entire disk</i></span> with this installation if you make a mistake. Please do
not proceed to the final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any
important data first.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN39" name="AEN39">1.2 Hardware Requirements</a></h3>
<p>If you are not familiar with configuring hardware for FreeBSD, you should be sure to
read the <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> file; it contains important information
on what hardware is supported by FreeBSD.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3 Floppy Disk Image
Instructions</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4 Installing
FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN214" name="AEN214">1.5 Detail on various installation
types</a></h3>
<p>Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen somehow, you should be
able to follow the various menu prompts and go from there. If you've never used the
FreeBSD installation before, you are also encouraged to read some of the documentation in
the Documentation submenu as well as the general ``Usage'' instructions on the first
menu.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> If you get stuck at a screen, press the <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b> key for
online documentation relevant to that specific section.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the ``Standard''
installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure that you'll visit all the
various important checklist items along the way. If you're much more comfortable with the
FreeBSD installation process and know <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">exactly</i></span> what you want to do, use the ``Express'' or
``Custom'' installation options. If you're upgrading an existing system, use the
``Upgrade'' option.</p>
<p>The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape, CDROM, FTP, NFS
and UFS partitions as installation media; further tips on installing from each type of
media are listed below.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN253" name="AEN253">1.5.1 Installing from a Network
CDROM</a></h4>
<p>If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see <a
href="#START-INSTALLATION">Section 1.4</a>. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your
system and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of another system to
which you have network connectivity, there are also several ways of going about it:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM drive in some
FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You ensure an FTP server is running and then simply add
the following line to the password file (using the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>
command):</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
</pre>
<p>On the machine on which you are running the install, go to the Options menu and set
Release Name to <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. You may then choose a Media type of <tt
class="LITERAL">FTP</tt> and type in <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> after picking ``URL'' in the ftp sites
menu.</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>Warning:</b> This may allow anyone on the local network (or Internet) to make
``anonymous FTP'' connections to this machine, which may not be desirable.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the machine(s) you'll be
installing from, you need to first add an entry to the <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file (on the machine with the CDROM drive). The
example below allows the machine <tt class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> to mount the CDROM
directly via NFS during installation:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
/cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com
</pre>
<p>The machine with the CDROM must also be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if
you're not sure how to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice
for you unless you're willing to read up on <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> and
configure things appropriately. Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you should be able
to enter: <tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt>
as the path for an NFS installation when the target machine is installed, e.g. <tt
class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN285" name="AEN285">1.5.2 Installing from Floppies</a></h4>
<p>If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported hardware or just
because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must first prepare some floppies for the
install.</p>
<p>First, make your boot floppies as described in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section
1.3</a>.</p>
<p>Second, peruse <a href="#LAYOUT">Section 2</a> and pay special attention to the
``Distribution Format'' section since it describes which files you're going to need to
put onto floppy and which you can safely skip.</p>
<p>Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to hold all files
in the <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution) directory. If you're preparing
these floppies under DOS, then these floppies <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> be formatted using the MS-DOS <tt
class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt> command. If you're using Windows, use the Windows File
Manager format command.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Frequently, floppy disks come ``factory preformatted''. While
convenient, many problems reported by users in the past have resulted from the use of
improperly formatted media. Re-format them yourself, just to make sure.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format is still not a
bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem on each floppy. You can use the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>
commands to put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of commands
illustrates:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
</pre>
<p>After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to copy the files onto
them. The distribution files are sized so that a floppy disk will hold a single file.
Each distribution should go into its own subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: <tt
class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> The <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> file also needs to go on the
first floppy of the <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> set since it is read by the
installation program in order to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when
fetching and concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto floppies,
the <tt class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> file <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first floppy of each distribution set.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select ``Floppy'' and you'll be
prompted for the rest.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN354" name="AEN354">1.5.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI
Tape</a></h4>
<p>When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files to be simply
tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for the distributions you're
interested in, simply use <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> to get
them onto the tape with a command something like this:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
</pre>
<p>When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you leave enough
room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed to choose) to accommodate the
<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">full</i></span> contents of the tape you've
created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of installation
requires quite a bit of temporary storage. You should expect to require as much temporary
storage as you have stuff written on tape.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> When going to do the installation, the tape must be in the drive <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> booting from the boot floppies.
The installation ``probe'' may otherwise fail to find it.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>Now create a boot floppy as described in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> and
proceed with the installation.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5 Installing over a Network using FTP
or NFS</a></h4>
<p>After making the boot floppies as described in the first section, you can load the
rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types of connections: serial port,
parallel port, or Ethernet.</p>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN379" name="AEN379">1.5.5.1 Serial Port</a></h5>
<p>SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to hard-wired links, such
as a serial cable running between two computers. The link must be hard-wired because the
SLIP installation doesn't currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to dial out
with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to it, then the PPP
utility should be used instead.</p>
<p>If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service Provider's IP
address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know it fairly early in the
installation process. You may also need to know your own IP address, though PPP supports
dynamic address negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from
your ISP if they support it.</p>
<p>You will also need to know how to use the various ``AT commands'' for dialing out with
your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer provides only a very simple terminal
emulator.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN385" name="AEN385">1.5.5.2 Parallel Port</a></h5>
<p>If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or Linux machine is available, you might
also consider installing over a ``laplink'' style parallel port cable. The data rate over
the parallel port is much higher than what is typically possible over a serial line (up
to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. It's not typically necessary to
use ``real'' IP addresses when using a point-to-point parallel cable in this way and you
can generally just use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. <tt
class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, etc).</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD machine as your
PLIP peer, you will also have to specify <code class="OPTION">link0</code> in the TCP/IP
setup screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field in order to be compatible with
Linux's slightly different PLIP protocol.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN396" name="AEN396">1.5.5.3 Ethernet</a></h5>
<p>FreeBSD supports most common Ethernet cards; a table of supported cards is provided as
part of the FreeBSD Hardware Notes (see <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> in the
Documentation menu on the boot floppy or the top level directory of the CDROM). If you
are using one of the supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in
<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> the laptop is powered on.
FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, currently support ``hot insertion'' of PCMCIA cards
during installation.</p>
<p>You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the <code
class="OPTION">netmask</code> value for your subnet and the name of your machine. Your
system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to your particular network
setup. If you will be referring to other hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll
also need a name server and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's
your provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. If you want to install by FTP via an
HTTP proxy (see below), you will also need the proxy's address.</p>
<p>If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should really probably talk
to your system administrator <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">first</i></span>
before trying this type of installation. Using a randomly chosen IP address or netmask on
a live network is almost guaranteed not to work, and will probably result in a lecture
from said system administrator.</p>
<p>Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the installation can continue
over NFS or FTP.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN407" name="AEN407">1.5.5.4 NFS installation tips</a></h5>
<p>NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the FreeBSD distribution
files you want onto a server somewhere and then point the NFS media selection at it.</p>
<p>If this server supports only ``privileged port'' access (this is generally the default
for Sun and Linux workstations), you may need to set this option in the Options menu
before installation can proceed.</p>
<p>If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very slow transfer rates,
you may also wish to toggle the appropriate Options flag.</p>
<p>In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support ``subdir mounts'',
e.g. if your FreeBSD distribution directory lives on <tt
class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, then <tt
class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt> will have to allow the direct mounting of <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, not just <tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt>
or <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
<p>In FreeBSD's <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file this is controlled by the
<code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code> option. Other NFS servers may have different
conventions. If you are getting <tt class="LITERAL">Permission Denied</tt> messages from
the server then it's likely that you don't have this properly enabled.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN424" name="AEN424">1.5.5.5 FTP Installation tips</a></h5>
<p>FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a reasonably up-to-date
version of FreeBSD. A full menu of reasonable choices for almost any location in the
world is provided in the FTP site menu during installation.</p>
<p>If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in this menu, or you are
having troubles getting your name server configured properly, you can also specify your
own URL by selecting the ``URL'' choice in that menu. A URL can contain a hostname or an
IP address, so something like the following would work in the absence of a name
server:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ia64/4.2-RELEASE
</pre>
<p>There are three FTP installation modes you can use:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>FTP: This method uses the standard ``Active'' mode for transfers, in which the server
initiates a connection to the client. This will not work through most firewalls but will
often work best with older FTP servers that do not support passive mode. If your
connection hangs with passive mode, try this one.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FTP Passive: This sets the FTP "Passive" mode which prevents the server from opening
connections to the client. This option is best for users to pass through firewalls that
do not allow incoming connections on random port addresses.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FTP via an HTTP proxy: This option instructs FreeBSD to use HTTP to connect to a proxy
for all FTP operations. The proxy will translate the requests and send them to the FTP
server. This allows the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow FTP at all, but
offer an HTTP proxy. You must specify the hostname of the proxy in addition to the FTP
server.</p>
<p>In the rare case that you have an FTP proxy that does not go through HTTP, you can
specify the URL as something like:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
</pre>
<p>In the URL above, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> is the port number of the
proxy FTP server.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN475" name="AEN475">1.6 Question and Answer Section for IA-64
Architecture Users</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2 Distribution Format</a></h2>
<p>A typical FreeBSD distribution directory looks something like this (exact details may
vary depending on version, architecture, and other factors):</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict kernel
ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc manpages
HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css packages
HARDWARE.TXT base compat22 filename.txt ports
INSTALL.HTM boot compat3x floppies proflibs
INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x games src
README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto info tools
</pre>
<p>These same files are contained in the first CDROM of a multi-disk set, but they are
laid out slightly differently on the disk. On most architectures, the installation CDROM
also contains a ``live filesystem'' in addition to the distribution files. The live
filesystem is useful when repairing or troubleshooting an existing FreeBSD installation
(see <a href="#TROUBLE">Section 4</a> for how to use this).</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> directory will be of particular interest to
users who are unable to boot from the CDROM media (but are able to read the CDROM by
other means). It is easy to generate a set of 1.44MB boot floppies from the <tt
class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> directory (see <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> for
instructions on how to do this) and use these to start an installation from CDROM, FTP,
or NFS. The rest of the data needed during the installation will be obtained
automatically based on your selections. If you've never installed FreeBSD before, you
also want to read the entirety of this document (the installation instructions) file.</p>
<p>If you're trying to do some other type of installation or are merely curious about how
a distribution is organized, what follows is a more thorough description of some of these
items in more detail:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files contain
documentation (for example, this document is contained in both <tt
class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>) and should
be read before starting an installation. The <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> files are
plain text, while the <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files are HTML files that can be
read by almost any Web browser. Some distributions may contain documentation in other
formats as well, such as PDF or PostScript.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> is a Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) file used by
some Web browsers for formatting the HTML documentation.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> directories contain the
primary distribution components of FreeBSD itself and are split into smaller files for
easy packing onto floppies (should that be necessary).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> directories
contain distributions for compatibility with older releases and are distributed as single
gzip'd tar files - they can be installed during release time or later by running their
<tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> scripts.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> subdirectory contains the floppy installation
images; further information on using them can be found in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section
1.3</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> directories
contain the FreeBSD Packages and Ports Collections. Packages may be installed from the
packages directory by running the command:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
</pre>
<p>Packages can also be installed by feeding individual filenames in <tt
class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
command.</p>
<p>The Ports Collection may be installed like any other distribution and requires about
190MB unpacked. More information on the ports collection may be obtained from <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</a> or
locally from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> if you've installed the
<tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt> distribution.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Last of all, the <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> directory contains various DOS tools
for discovering disk geometries, installing boot managers and the like. It is purely
optional and provided only for user convenience.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<br />
<p>A typical distribution directory (for example, the <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>
distribution) looks like this internally:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh
info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree
</pre>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> file contains MD5 signatures for each file,
should data corruption be suspected, and is purely for reference. It is not used by the
actual installation and does not need to be copied with the rest of the distribution
files. The <tt class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> files are split, gzip'd tar files, the
contents of which can be viewed by doing:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
</pre>
<p>During installation, they are automatically concatenated and extracted by the
installation procedure.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> file is also necessary since it is read by the
installation program in order to figure out how many pieces to look for when fetching and
concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto floppies, the <tt
class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> file <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first floppy of each distribution set!</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> file is another non-essential file which is
provided for user reference. It contains the MD5 signatures of the <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">unpacked</i></span> distribution files and can be
later used with the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> program
to verify the installation permissions and checksums against any possible modifications
to the file. When used with the <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt> distribution, this can be
an excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on your system.</p>
<p>Finally, the <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> file is for use by those who want to
install the distribution after installation time. To install the info distribution from
CDROM after a system was installed, for example, you'd do:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3 Upgrading FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>These instructions describe a procedure for doing a binary upgrade from an older
version of FreeBSD.</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>Warning:</b> While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure does its best to safeguard against
accidental loss of data, it is still more than possible to <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">wipe out your entire disk</i></span> with this installation! Please do
not accept the final confirmation request unless you have adequately backed up any
important data files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> These notes assume that you are using the version of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
supplied with the version of FreeBSD to which you intend to upgrade. Using a mismatched
version of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is
almost guaranteed to cause problems and has been known to leave systems in an unusable
state. The most commonly made mistake in this regard is the use of an old copy of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
from an existing installation to upgrade to a newer version of FreeBSD. This is <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> recommended.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>Warning:</b> Binary upgrades to FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE from FreeBSD 4-STABLE are not
supported at this time. There are some files present in a FreeBSD 4-STABLE whose presence
can be disruptive, but are not removed by a binary upgrade. One notable example is that
an old <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt> directory will cause C++ programs to
compile incorrectly (or not at all).</p>
<p>These upgrade instructions are provided for the use of users upgrading from relatively
recent FreeBSD 5.5-STABLE snapshots.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN703" name="AEN703">3.1 Introduction</a></h3>
<p>The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected by the user with those
corresponding to the new FreeBSD release. It preserves standard system configuration
data, as well as user data, installed packages and other software.</p>
<p>Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged to study this section in its
entirety before commencing an upgrade. Failure to do so may result in a failed upgrade or
loss of data.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN707" name="AEN707">3.1.1 Upgrade Overview</a></h4>
<p>Upgrading of a distribution is performed by extracting the new version of the
component over the top of the previous version. Files belonging to the old distribution
are not deleted.</p>
<p>System configuration is preserved by retaining and restoring the previous version of
the following files:</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
<p>The versions of these files which correspond to the new version are moved to <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. The system administrator may peruse these new
versions and merge components as desired. Note that many of these files are
interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy all site-specific data from the
current files into the new.</p>
<p>During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is prompted for a location into which
all files from <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt> are saved. In the event that local
modifications have been made to other files, they may be subsequently retrieved from this
location.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN781" name="AEN781">3.2 Procedure</a></h3>
<p>This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular attention is given to items
which substantially differ from a normal installation.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN784" name="AEN784">3.2.1 Backup</a></h4>
<p>User data and system configuration should be backed up before upgrading. While the
upgrade procedure does its best to prevent accidental mistakes, it is possible to
partially or completely destroy data and configuration information.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN787" name="AEN787">3.2.2 Mount Filesystems</a></h4>
<p>The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated disk's filesystem devices listed.
Prior to commencing the upgrade, the administrator should make a note of the device names
and corresponding mountpoints. These mountpoints should be entered here. <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Do not</i></span> set the ``newfs flag'' for any
filesystems, as this will cause data loss.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN792" name="AEN792">3.2.3 Select Distributions</a></h4>
<p>When selecting distributions, there are no constraints on which must be selected. As a
general rule, the <tt class="LITERAL">base</tt> distribution should be selected for an
update, and the <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> distribution if manpages are already
installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond those originally installed if the
administrator wishes to add additional functionality.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4 After Installation</a></h4>
<p>Once the installation procedure has completed, the administrator is prompted to
examine the new configuration files. At this point, checks should be made to ensure that
the system configuration is valid. In particular, the <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> files should
be checked.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN802" name="AEN802">3.3 Upgrading from Source Code</a></h3>
<p>Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more flexibility and sophistication
should take a look at <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
target="_top">The Cutting Edge</a> in the FreeBSD Handbook. This procedure involves
rebuilding all of FreeBSD from source code. It requires reliable network connectivity,
extra disk space, and time, but has advantages for networks and other more complex
installations. This is roughly the same procedure as is used for track the -STABLE or
-CURRENT development branches.</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> contains important information on updating
a FreeBSD system from source code. It lists various issues resulting from changes in
FreeBSD that may affect an upgrade.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4 Troubleshooting</a></h2>
<div class="SECT2">
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1 Repairing an Existing FreeBSD
Installation</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD features a ``fixit'' option in the top menu of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
installation program. It provides a shell with common programs from the FreeBSD base
system; this environment is useful for repairing or troubleshooting an existing FreeBSD
installation. To use fixit mode, you will also need either the <tt
class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> floppy, generated in the same fashion as the boot
floppies, or the ``live filesystem'' CDROM. In multi-disk FreeBSD distributions, the live
filesystem image is typically located on the installation disk. Note that some UNIX
system administration experience is required to use the fixit option.</p>
<p>Generally, there are two ways of invoking fixit mode. Users who can boot from the
FreeBSD installation CDROM, should do so and then choose the ``fixit'' item from the main
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
menu. Then select the ``CDROM/DVD'' option from the fixit menu.</p>
<p>Users who cannot boot from CDROM, but can boot from floppy disk, require a few more
steps. In addition to the <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> and <tt
class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> disks required for
installation, create the <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> floppy disk, in the same way
as the other floppy disks. Follow the instructions for booting the installation program
from floppy disk until reaching the main <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
menu. At that point, choose the ``fixit'' item from the main <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
menu. Then select the ``Floppy'' option from the fixit menu, and insert the <tt
class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> floppy disk when prompted to do so.</p>
<p>The CDROM and floppy fixit environments are similar, but not identical. Both offer a
shell with a variety of commands available for checking, repairing and examining
filesystems and their contents. The CDROM version of fixit provides all of the commands
and programs available in the FreeBSD base system, through the live filesystem. By
contrast, the floppy fixit environment can only offer a subset of commands due to space
constraints.</p>
<p>In the floppy version of fixit, some standalone utilities can be found in <tt
class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> or <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. In the CDROM
version of fixit, these same programs can be found in <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> or
<tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (as well as the rest of the programs from the live
filesystem, which can be found under <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN846" name="AEN846">4.2 Common Installation Problems for IA-64
Architecture Users</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

1022
en/releases/5.5R/installation-pc98.html Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

954
en/releases/5.5R/installation-sparc64.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,954 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/sparc64 5.5-RELEASE Installation Instructions</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/sparc64 5.5-RELEASE Installation
Instructions</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN14" name="AEN14"></a>
<p>This article gives some brief instructions on installing FreeBSD/sparc64 5.5-RELEASE,
with particular emphasis given to obtaining a FreeBSD distribution. Some notes on
troubleshooting and frequently-asked questions are also given.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1 Installing FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>This section documents the process of installing a new distribution of FreeBSD. These
instructions pay particular emphasis to the process of obtaining the FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE
distribution and to beginning the installation procedure. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install.html"
target="_top">``Installing FreeBSD''</a> chapter of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a> provides more in-depth information about the installation program itself,
including a guided walkthrough with screenshots.</p>
<p>If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, please see <a
href="#UPGRADING">Section 3</a> for instructions on upgrading.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1 Getting
Started</a></h3>
<p>Probably the most important pre-installation step that can be taken is that of reading
the various instruction documents provided with FreeBSD. A roadmap of documents
pertaining to this release of FreeBSD can be found in <tt
class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>, which can usually be found in the same location as this
file; most of these documents, such as the release notes and the hardware compatibility
list, are also accessible in the Documentation menu of the installer.</p>
<p>Note that on-line versions of the FreeBSD <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">Handbook</a> are also available from the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/"
target="_top">FreeBSD Project Web site</a>, if you have an Internet connection.</p>
<p>This collection of documents may seem daunting, but the time spent reading them will
likely be saved many times over. Being familiar with what resources are available can
also be helpful in the event of problems during installation.</p>
<p>The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a look at <a
href="#TROUBLE">Section 4</a>, which contains valuable troubleshooting information. You
should also read an updated copy of <tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> before
installing, since this will alert you to any problems which have reported in the interim
for your particular release.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against accidental loss of
data, it's still more than possible to <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">wipe
out your entire disk</i></span> with this installation if you make a mistake. Please do
not proceed to the final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any
important data first.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN39" name="AEN39">1.2 Hardware Requirements</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD for the UltraSPARC supports the platforms described in <tt
class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p>
<p>You will need a dedicated disk for FreeBSD/sparc64. It is not possible to share a disk
with another operating system at this time.</p>
<p>If you are not familiar with configuring hardware for FreeBSD, you should be sure to
read the <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> file; it contains important information
on what hardware is supported by FreeBSD.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3 Floppy Disk Image
Instructions</a></h3>
<p>Floppy disk based install is not supported on FreeBSD/sparc64.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4 Installing
FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet</a></h3>
<p>Most sparc64 systems are set up to boot automatically from disk. To install FreeBSD,
you need to boot over the network or from a CDROM, which requires you to break into the
PROM (OpenFirmware).</p>
<p>To do this, reboot the system, and wait until the boot message appears. It depends on
the model, but should look about like:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.
</pre>
<p>If your system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, you need to press <b
class="KEYCAP">L1</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b> or <b class="KEYCAP">Stop</b>+<b
class="KEYCAP">A</b> on the keyboard, or send a <tt class="COMMAND">BREAK</tt> over the
serial console (using for example <tt class="COMMAND">~#</tt> in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> or <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>) to get to
the PROM prompt. It looks like this:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">ok </samp> <a id="PROMPT-SINGLE"
name="PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a>
<samp class="PROMPT">ok {0}</samp> <a id="PROMPT-SMP"
name="PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a>
</pre>
<div class="CALLOUTLIST">
<dl compact="COMPACT">
<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a></dt>
<dd>This is the prompt used on systems with just one CPU.</dd>
<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a></dt>
<dd>This is the prompt used on SMP systems, the digit indicates the number of the active
CPU.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p>At this point, place the CDROM into your drive, and from the PROM prompt, type <tt
class="COMMAND">boot cdrom</tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN214" name="AEN214">1.5 Detail on various installation
types</a></h3>
<p>Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen somehow, you should be
able to follow the various menu prompts and go from there. If you've never used the
FreeBSD installation before, you are also encouraged to read some of the documentation in
the Documentation submenu as well as the general ``Usage'' instructions on the first
menu.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> If you get stuck at a screen, press the <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b> key for
online documentation relevant to that specific section.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the ``Standard''
installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure that you'll visit all the
various important checklist items along the way. If you're much more comfortable with the
FreeBSD installation process and know <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">exactly</i></span> what you want to do, use the ``Express'' or
``Custom'' installation options. If you're upgrading an existing system, use the
``Upgrade'' option.</p>
<p>The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape, CDROM, FTP, NFS
and UFS partitions as installation media; further tips on installing from each type of
media are listed below.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN253" name="AEN253">1.5.1 Installing from a Network
CDROM</a></h4>
<p>If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see <a
href="#START-INSTALLATION">Section 1.4</a>. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your
system and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of another system to
which you have network connectivity, there are also several ways of going about it:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM drive in some
FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You ensure an FTP server is running and then simply add
the following line to the password file (using the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>
command):</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
</pre>
<p>On the machine on which you are running the install, go to the Options menu and set
Release Name to <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. You may then choose a Media type of <tt
class="LITERAL">FTP</tt> and type in <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> after picking ``URL'' in the ftp sites
menu.</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>Warning:</b> This may allow anyone on the local network (or Internet) to make
``anonymous FTP'' connections to this machine, which may not be desirable.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the machine(s) you'll be
installing from, you need to first add an entry to the <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file (on the machine with the CDROM drive). The
example below allows the machine <tt class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> to mount the CDROM
directly via NFS during installation:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
/cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com
</pre>
<p>The machine with the CDROM must also be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if
you're not sure how to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice
for you unless you're willing to read up on <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> and
configure things appropriately. Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you should be able
to enter: <tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt>
as the path for an NFS installation when the target machine is installed, e.g. <tt
class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN285" name="AEN285">1.5.2 Installing from Floppies</a></h4>
<p>If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported hardware or just
because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must first prepare some floppies for the
install.</p>
<p>First, make your boot floppies as described in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section
1.3</a>.</p>
<p>Second, peruse <a href="#LAYOUT">Section 2</a> and pay special attention to the
``Distribution Format'' section since it describes which files you're going to need to
put onto floppy and which you can safely skip.</p>
<p>Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to hold all files
in the <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution) directory. If you're preparing
these floppies under DOS, then these floppies <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> be formatted using the MS-DOS <tt
class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt> command. If you're using Windows, use the Windows File
Manager format command.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Frequently, floppy disks come ``factory preformatted''. While
convenient, many problems reported by users in the past have resulted from the use of
improperly formatted media. Re-format them yourself, just to make sure.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format is still not a
bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem on each floppy. You can use the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>
commands to put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of commands
illustrates:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
</pre>
<p>After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to copy the files onto
them. The distribution files are sized so that a floppy disk will hold a single file.
Each distribution should go into its own subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: <tt
class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> The <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> file also needs to go on the
first floppy of the <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> set since it is read by the
installation program in order to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when
fetching and concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto floppies,
the <tt class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> file <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first floppy of each distribution set.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select ``Floppy'' and you'll be
prompted for the rest.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN354" name="AEN354">1.5.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI
Tape</a></h4>
<p>When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files to be simply
tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for the distributions you're
interested in, simply use <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> to get
them onto the tape with a command something like this:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
</pre>
<p>When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you leave enough
room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed to choose) to accommodate the
<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">full</i></span> contents of the tape you've
created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of installation
requires quite a bit of temporary storage. You should expect to require as much temporary
storage as you have stuff written on tape.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> When going to do the installation, the tape must be in the drive <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> booting from the boot floppies.
The installation ``probe'' may otherwise fail to find it.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>Now create a boot floppy as described in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> and
proceed with the installation.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5 Installing over a Network using FTP
or NFS</a></h4>
<p>After making the boot floppies as described in the first section, you can load the
rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types of connections: serial port,
parallel port, or Ethernet.</p>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN379" name="AEN379">1.5.5.1 Serial Port</a></h5>
<p>SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to hard-wired links, such
as a serial cable running between two computers. The link must be hard-wired because the
SLIP installation doesn't currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to dial out
with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to it, then the PPP
utility should be used instead.</p>
<p>If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service Provider's IP
address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know it fairly early in the
installation process. You may also need to know your own IP address, though PPP supports
dynamic address negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from
your ISP if they support it.</p>
<p>You will also need to know how to use the various ``AT commands'' for dialing out with
your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer provides only a very simple terminal
emulator.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN385" name="AEN385">1.5.5.2 Parallel Port</a></h5>
<p>If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or Linux machine is available, you might
also consider installing over a ``laplink'' style parallel port cable. The data rate over
the parallel port is much higher than what is typically possible over a serial line (up
to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. It's not typically necessary to
use ``real'' IP addresses when using a point-to-point parallel cable in this way and you
can generally just use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. <tt
class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>, etc).</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD machine as your
PLIP peer, you will also have to specify <code class="OPTION">link0</code> in the TCP/IP
setup screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field in order to be compatible with
Linux's slightly different PLIP protocol.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN396" name="AEN396">1.5.5.3 Ethernet</a></h5>
<p>FreeBSD supports most common Ethernet cards; a table of supported cards is provided as
part of the FreeBSD Hardware Notes (see <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> in the
Documentation menu on the boot floppy or the top level directory of the CDROM). If you
are using one of the supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in
<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> the laptop is powered on.
FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, currently support ``hot insertion'' of PCMCIA cards
during installation.</p>
<p>You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the <code
class="OPTION">netmask</code> value for your subnet and the name of your machine. Your
system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to your particular network
setup. If you will be referring to other hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll
also need a name server and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's
your provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. If you want to install by FTP via an
HTTP proxy (see below), you will also need the proxy's address.</p>
<p>If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should really probably talk
to your system administrator <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">first</i></span>
before trying this type of installation. Using a randomly chosen IP address or netmask on
a live network is almost guaranteed not to work, and will probably result in a lecture
from said system administrator.</p>
<p>Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the installation can continue
over NFS or FTP.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN407" name="AEN407">1.5.5.4 NFS installation tips</a></h5>
<p>NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the FreeBSD distribution
files you want onto a server somewhere and then point the NFS media selection at it.</p>
<p>If this server supports only ``privileged port'' access (this is generally the default
for Sun and Linux workstations), you may need to set this option in the Options menu
before installation can proceed.</p>
<p>If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very slow transfer rates,
you may also wish to toggle the appropriate Options flag.</p>
<p>In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support ``subdir mounts'',
e.g. if your FreeBSD distribution directory lives on <tt
class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, then <tt
class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt> will have to allow the direct mounting of <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, not just <tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt>
or <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
<p>In FreeBSD's <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file this is controlled by the
<code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code> option. Other NFS servers may have different
conventions. If you are getting <tt class="LITERAL">Permission Denied</tt> messages from
the server then it's likely that you don't have this properly enabled.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN424" name="AEN424">1.5.5.5 FTP Installation tips</a></h5>
<p>FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a reasonably up-to-date
version of FreeBSD. A full menu of reasonable choices for almost any location in the
world is provided in the FTP site menu during installation.</p>
<p>If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in this menu, or you are
having troubles getting your name server configured properly, you can also specify your
own URL by selecting the ``URL'' choice in that menu. A URL can contain a hostname or an
IP address, so something like the following would work in the absence of a name
server:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/sparc64/4.2-RELEASE
</pre>
<p>There are three FTP installation modes you can use:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>FTP: This method uses the standard ``Active'' mode for transfers, in which the server
initiates a connection to the client. This will not work through most firewalls but will
often work best with older FTP servers that do not support passive mode. If your
connection hangs with passive mode, try this one.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FTP Passive: This sets the FTP "Passive" mode which prevents the server from opening
connections to the client. This option is best for users to pass through firewalls that
do not allow incoming connections on random port addresses.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FTP via an HTTP proxy: This option instructs FreeBSD to use HTTP to connect to a proxy
for all FTP operations. The proxy will translate the requests and send them to the FTP
server. This allows the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow FTP at all, but
offer an HTTP proxy. You must specify the hostname of the proxy in addition to the FTP
server.</p>
<p>In the rare case that you have an FTP proxy that does not go through HTTP, you can
specify the URL as something like:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
</pre>
<p>In the URL above, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> is the port number of the
proxy FTP server.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN475" name="AEN475">1.6 Question and Answer Section for
UltraSPARC Architecture Users</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2 Distribution Format</a></h2>
<p>A typical FreeBSD distribution directory looks something like this (exact details may
vary depending on version, architecture, and other factors):</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict kernel
ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc manpages
HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css packages
HARDWARE.TXT base compat22 filename.txt ports
INSTALL.HTM boot compat3x floppies proflibs
INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x games src
README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto info tools
</pre>
<p>These same files are contained in the first CDROM of a multi-disk set, but they are
laid out slightly differently on the disk. On most architectures, the installation CDROM
also contains a ``live filesystem'' in addition to the distribution files. The live
filesystem is useful when repairing or troubleshooting an existing FreeBSD installation
(see <a href="#TROUBLE">Section 4</a> for how to use this).</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> directory will be of particular interest to
users who are unable to boot from the CDROM media (but are able to read the CDROM by
other means). It is easy to generate a set of 1.44MB boot floppies from the <tt
class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> directory (see <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> for
instructions on how to do this) and use these to start an installation from CDROM, FTP,
or NFS. The rest of the data needed during the installation will be obtained
automatically based on your selections. If you've never installed FreeBSD before, you
also want to read the entirety of this document (the installation instructions) file.</p>
<p>If you're trying to do some other type of installation or are merely curious about how
a distribution is organized, what follows is a more thorough description of some of these
items in more detail:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files contain
documentation (for example, this document is contained in both <tt
class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>) and should
be read before starting an installation. The <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> files are
plain text, while the <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files are HTML files that can be
read by almost any Web browser. Some distributions may contain documentation in other
formats as well, such as PDF or PostScript.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> is a Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) file used by
some Web browsers for formatting the HTML documentation.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> directories contain the
primary distribution components of FreeBSD itself and are split into smaller files for
easy packing onto floppies (should that be necessary).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> directories
contain distributions for compatibility with older releases and are distributed as single
gzip'd tar files - they can be installed during release time or later by running their
<tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> scripts.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> subdirectory contains the floppy installation
images; further information on using them can be found in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section
1.3</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> directories
contain the FreeBSD Packages and Ports Collections. Packages may be installed from the
packages directory by running the command:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp><kbd
class="USERINPUT">/stand/sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
</pre>
<p>Packages can also be installed by feeding individual filenames in <tt
class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
command.</p>
<p>The Ports Collection may be installed like any other distribution and requires about
190MB unpacked. More information on the ports collection may be obtained from <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</a> or
locally from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> if you've installed the
<tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt> distribution.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Last of all, the <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> directory contains various DOS tools
for discovering disk geometries, installing boot managers and the like. It is purely
optional and provided only for user convenience.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<br />
<p>A typical distribution directory (for example, the <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>
distribution) looks like this internally:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh
info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree
</pre>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> file contains MD5 signatures for each file,
should data corruption be suspected, and is purely for reference. It is not used by the
actual installation and does not need to be copied with the rest of the distribution
files. The <tt class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> files are split, gzip'd tar files, the
contents of which can be viewed by doing:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
</pre>
<p>During installation, they are automatically concatenated and extracted by the
installation procedure.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> file is also necessary since it is read by the
installation program in order to figure out how many pieces to look for when fetching and
concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto floppies, the <tt
class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> file <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first floppy of each distribution set!</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> file is another non-essential file which is
provided for user reference. It contains the MD5 signatures of the <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">unpacked</i></span> distribution files and can be
later used with the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> program
to verify the installation permissions and checksums against any possible modifications
to the file. When used with the <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt> distribution, this can be
an excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on your system.</p>
<p>Finally, the <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> file is for use by those who want to
install the distribution after installation time. To install the info distribution from
CDROM after a system was installed, for example, you'd do:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3 Upgrading FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>These instructions describe a procedure for doing a binary upgrade from an older
version of FreeBSD.</p>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>Warning:</b> While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure does its best to safeguard against
accidental loss of data, it is still more than possible to <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">wipe out your entire disk</i></span> with this installation! Please do
not accept the final confirmation request unless you have adequately backed up any
important data files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> These notes assume that you are using the version of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
supplied with the version of FreeBSD to which you intend to upgrade. Using a mismatched
version of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is
almost guaranteed to cause problems and has been known to leave systems in an unusable
state. The most commonly made mistake in this regard is the use of an old copy of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
from an existing installation to upgrade to a newer version of FreeBSD. This is <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> recommended.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="WARNING">
<blockquote class="WARNING">
<p><b>Warning:</b> Binary upgrades to FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE from FreeBSD 4-STABLE are not
supported at this time. There are some files present in a FreeBSD 4-STABLE whose presence
can be disruptive, but are not removed by a binary upgrade. One notable example is that
an old <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt> directory will cause C++ programs to
compile incorrectly (or not at all).</p>
<p>These upgrade instructions are provided for the use of users upgrading from relatively
recent FreeBSD 5.5-STABLE snapshots.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN703" name="AEN703">3.1 Introduction</a></h3>
<p>The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected by the user with those
corresponding to the new FreeBSD release. It preserves standard system configuration
data, as well as user data, installed packages and other software.</p>
<p>Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged to study this section in its
entirety before commencing an upgrade. Failure to do so may result in a failed upgrade or
loss of data.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN707" name="AEN707">3.1.1 Upgrade Overview</a></h4>
<p>Upgrading of a distribution is performed by extracting the new version of the
component over the top of the previous version. Files belonging to the old distribution
are not deleted.</p>
<p>System configuration is preserved by retaining and restoring the previous version of
the following files:</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
<p>The versions of these files which correspond to the new version are moved to <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. The system administrator may peruse these new
versions and merge components as desired. Note that many of these files are
interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy all site-specific data from the
current files into the new.</p>
<p>During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is prompted for a location into which
all files from <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt> are saved. In the event that local
modifications have been made to other files, they may be subsequently retrieved from this
location.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN781" name="AEN781">3.2 Procedure</a></h3>
<p>This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular attention is given to items
which substantially differ from a normal installation.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN784" name="AEN784">3.2.1 Backup</a></h4>
<p>User data and system configuration should be backed up before upgrading. While the
upgrade procedure does its best to prevent accidental mistakes, it is possible to
partially or completely destroy data and configuration information.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN787" name="AEN787">3.2.2 Mount Filesystems</a></h4>
<p>The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated disk's filesystem devices listed.
Prior to commencing the upgrade, the administrator should make a note of the device names
and corresponding mountpoints. These mountpoints should be entered here. <span
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Do not</i></span> set the ``newfs flag'' for any
filesystems, as this will cause data loss.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN792" name="AEN792">3.2.3 Select Distributions</a></h4>
<p>When selecting distributions, there are no constraints on which must be selected. As a
general rule, the <tt class="LITERAL">base</tt> distribution should be selected for an
update, and the <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> distribution if manpages are already
installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond those originally installed if the
administrator wishes to add additional functionality.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4 After Installation</a></h4>
<p>Once the installation procedure has completed, the administrator is prompted to
examine the new configuration files. At this point, checks should be made to ensure that
the system configuration is valid. In particular, the <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> files should
be checked.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN802" name="AEN802">3.3 Upgrading from Source Code</a></h3>
<p>Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more flexibility and sophistication
should take a look at <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
target="_top">The Cutting Edge</a> in the FreeBSD Handbook. This procedure involves
rebuilding all of FreeBSD from source code. It requires reliable network connectivity,
extra disk space, and time, but has advantages for networks and other more complex
installations. This is roughly the same procedure as is used for track the -STABLE or
-CURRENT development branches.</p>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> contains important information on updating
a FreeBSD system from source code. It lists various issues resulting from changes in
FreeBSD that may affect an upgrade.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4 Troubleshooting</a></h2>
<div class="SECT2">
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1 Repairing an Existing FreeBSD
Installation</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD features a ``fixit'' option in the top menu of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
installation program. It provides a shell with common programs from the FreeBSD base
system; this environment is useful for repairing or troubleshooting an existing FreeBSD
installation. To use fixit mode, you will also need either the <tt
class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> floppy, generated in the same fashion as the boot
floppies, or the ``live filesystem'' CDROM. In multi-disk FreeBSD distributions, the live
filesystem image is typically located on the installation disk. Note that some UNIX
system administration experience is required to use the fixit option.</p>
<p>Generally, there are two ways of invoking fixit mode. Users who can boot from the
FreeBSD installation CDROM, should do so and then choose the ``fixit'' item from the main
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
menu. Then select the ``CDROM/DVD'' option from the fixit menu.</p>
<p>Users who cannot boot from CDROM, but can boot from floppy disk, require a few more
steps. In addition to the <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> and <tt
class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> disks required for
installation, create the <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> floppy disk, in the same way
as the other floppy disks. Follow the instructions for booting the installation program
from floppy disk until reaching the main <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
menu. At that point, choose the ``fixit'' item from the main <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
menu. Then select the ``Floppy'' option from the fixit menu, and insert the <tt
class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> floppy disk when prompted to do so.</p>
<p>The CDROM and floppy fixit environments are similar, but not identical. Both offer a
shell with a variety of commands available for checking, repairing and examining
filesystems and their contents. The CDROM version of fixit provides all of the commands
and programs available in the FreeBSD base system, through the live filesystem. By
contrast, the floppy fixit environment can only offer a subset of commands due to space
constraints.</p>
<p>In the floppy version of fixit, some standalone utilities can be found in <tt
class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> or <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. In the CDROM
version of fixit, these same programs can be found in <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> or
<tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (as well as the rest of the programs from the live
filesystem, which can be found under <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN846" name="AEN846">4.2 Common Installation Problems for
UltraSPARC Architecture Users</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

34
en/releases/5.5R/installation.sgml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" [
<!ENTITY base CDATA "../..">
<!ENTITY date "$FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.4R/installation.sgml,v 1.2 2005/10/04 06:52:24 murray Exp $">
<!ENTITY title "FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE Installation Notes">
<!ENTITY % navincludes SYSTEM "../../includes.navdownload.sgml"> %navincludes;
<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "../../includes.sgml"> %includes;
]>
<html>
&header;
<p>The installation notes for FreeBSD are customized for different
platforms, as the procedures for installing FreeBSD are highly
dependent on the hardware platform.</p>
<p>Installation notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE are available for
the following platforms:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="installation-alpha.html">alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="installation-amd64.html">amd64</a></li>
<li><a href="installation-i386.html">i386</a></li>
<li><a href="installation-ia64.html">ia64</a></li>
<li><a href="installation-pc98.html">pc98</a></li>
<li><a href="installation-sparc64.html">sparc64</a></li>
</ul>
<p>A list of all platforms currently under development can be found
on the <a href="../../platforms/index.html">Supported
Platforms</a> page.</p>
&footer;
</body>
</html>

413
en/releases/5.5R/readme.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE README</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE README</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 The FreeBSD
Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/readme/article.sgml,v
1.31.2.3 2005/05/29 17:32:27 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
<p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and
other countries.</p>
<p>Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group
are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.</p>
<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc
in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based
upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
<p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and
the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
by the ``&trade;'' or the ``&reg;'' symbol.</p>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN21" name="AEN21"></a>
<p>This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE. It includes some
information on how to obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the FreeBSD
Project, and pointers to some other sources of information.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This distribution is a release of FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE, the latest point along the
5.5-STABLE branch.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN26" name="AEN26">1.1 About FreeBSD</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite for DEC/Compaq/HP Alpha/AXP
computers (alpha), AMD64 and Intel EM64T based PC hardware (amd64), Intel, AMD, Cyrix or
NexGen ``x86'' based PC hardware (i386), Intel Itanium Processor based computers (ia64),
NEC PC-9801/9821 series PCs and compatibles (pc98), and <span
class="TRADEMARK">UltraSPARC</span>&reg; machines (sparc64). Versions for the <span
class="TRADEMARK">PowerPC</span>&reg; (powerpc), and <span
class="TRADEMARK">MIPS</span>&reg; (mips) architectures are currently under development
as well. FreeBSD works with a wide variety of peripherals and configurations and can be
used for everything from software development to games to Internet Service Provision.</p>
<p>This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need to run such a system, including
full source code for the kernel and all utilities in the base distribution. With the
source distribution installed, you can literally recompile the entire system from scratch
with one command, making it ideal for students, researchers, or users who simply want to
see how it all works.</p>
<p>A large collection of third-party ported software (the ``Ports Collection'') is also
provided to make it easy to obtain and install all your favorite traditional <span
class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>&reg; utilities for FreeBSD. Each ``port'' consists of a set
of scripts to retrieve, configure, build, and install a piece of software, with a single
command. Over 13,300 ports, from editors to programming languages to graphical
applications, make FreeBSD a powerful and comprehensive operating environment that
extends far beyond what's provided by many commercial versions of <span
class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>. Most ports are also available as pre-compiled
``packages'', which can be quickly installed from the installation program.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN40" name="AEN40">1.2 Target Audience</a></h3>
<p>This release of FreeBSD is suitable for all users. It has undergone a period of
testing and quality assurance checking to ensure the highest reliability and
dependability.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="OBTAIN" name="OBTAIN">2 Obtaining FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This section focuses on those ways that
are primarily useful for obtaining a complete FreeBSD distribution, rather than updating
an existing installation.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN46" name="AEN46">2.1 CDROM and DVD</a></h3>
<p>FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM or DVD from several publishers.
This is frequently the most convenient way to obtain FreeBSD for new installations, as it
provides a convenient way to quickly reinstall the system if necessary. Some
distributions include some of the optional, precompiled ``packages'' from the FreeBSD
Ports Collection.</p>
<p>A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the project are listed in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD''</a> appendix to the Handbook.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN53" name="AEN53">2.2 FTP</a></h3>
<p>You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of its optional packages from <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>, which is the
official FreeBSD release site, or any of its ``mirrors''.</p>
<p>Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
target="_top">FTP Sites</a> section of the Handbook, or on the <a
href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</a>
Web pages. Finding a close (in networking terms) mirror from which to download the
distribution is highly recommended.</p>
<p>Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact <code class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
href="mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</code> for
more details on becoming an official mirror site. You can also find useful information
for mirror sites at the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/hubs/" target="_top">Mirroring
FreeBSD</a> article.</p>
<p>Mirrors generally contain the floppy disk images necessary to begin an installation,
as well as the distribution files needed for the install process itself. Many mirrors
also contain the ISO images necessary to create a CDROM of a FreeBSD release.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="CONTACTING" name="CONTACTING">3 Contacting the FreeBSD
Project</a></h2>
<div class="SECT2">
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN67" name="AEN67">3.1 Email and Mailing Lists</a></h3>
<p>For any questions or general technical support issues, please send mail to the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions" target="_top">FreeBSD
general questions mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>If you're tracking the 5.5-STABLE development efforts, you <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> join the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current"
target="_top">FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list</a>, in order to keep abreast of recent
developments and changes that may affect the way you use and maintain the system.</p>
<p>Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD Project is always happy to have extra
hands willing to help--there are already far more desired enhancements than there is time
to implement them. To contact the developers on technical matters, or with offers of
help, please send mail to the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers" target="_top">FreeBSD
technical discussions mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>Please note that these mailing lists can experience <span class="emphasis"><i
class="EMPHASIS">significant</i></span> amounts of traffic. If you have slow or expensive
mail access, or are only interested in keeping up with major FreeBSD events, you may find
it preferable to subscribe instead to the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce" target="_top">FreeBSD
announcements mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by anyone wishing to do so. Visit the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo" target="_top">FreeBSD Mailman Info
Page</a>. This will give you more information on joining the various lists, accessing
archives, etc. There are a number of mailing lists targeted at special interest groups
not mentioned here; more information can be obtained either from the Mailman pages or the
<a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#mailing-list" target="_top">mailing lists
section</a> of the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Do <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> send
email to the lists asking to be subscribed. Use the Mailman interface instead.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN85" name="AEN85">3.2 Submitting Problem Reports</a></h3>
<p>Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are always valued--please do not
hesitate to report any problems you may find. Bug reports with attached fixes are of
course even more welcome.</p>
<p>The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine with Internet mail
connectivity is to use the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>
command. ``Problem Reports'' (PRs) submitted in this way will be filed and their progress
tracked; the FreeBSD developers will do their best to respond to all reported bugs as
soon as possible. <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi"
target="_top">A list of all active PRs</a> is available on the FreeBSD Web site; this
list is useful to see what potential problems other users have encountered.</p>
<p>Note that <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>
itself is a shell script that should be easy to move even onto a non-FreeBSD system.
Using this interface is highly preferred. If, for some reason, you are unable to use <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> to
submit a bug report, you can try to send it to the <a
href="http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-bugs" target="_top">FreeBSD
problem reports mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>For more information, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/"
target="_top">``Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports''</a>, available on the FreeBSD Web site,
has a number of helpful hints on writing and submitting effective problem reports.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="SEEALSO" name="SEEALSO">4 Further Reading</a></h2>
<p>There are many sources of information about FreeBSD; some are included with this
distribution, while others are available on-line or in print versions.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELEASE-DOCS" name="RELEASE-DOCS">4.1 Release
Documentation</a></h3>
<p>A number of other files provide more specific information about this release
distribution. These files are provided in various formats. Most distributions will
include both ASCII text (<tt class="FILENAME">.TXT</tt>) and HTML (<tt
class="FILENAME">.HTM</tt>) renditions. Some distributions may also include other formats
such as PostScript (<tt class="FILENAME">.PS</tt>) or Portable Document Format (<tt
class="FILENAME">.PDF</tt>).</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>: This file, which gives some general information
about FreeBSD as well as some cursory notes about obtaining a distribution.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>: The release notes, showing what's new and
different in FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE compared to the previous release (FreeBSD
5.4-RELEASE).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>: The hardware compatibility list, showing
devices with which FreeBSD has been tested and is known to work.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>: Installation instructions for installing
FreeBSD from its distribution media.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt>: Release errata. Late-breaking, post-release
information can be found in this file, which is principally applicable to releases (as
opposed to snapshots). It is important to consult this file before installing a release
of FreeBSD, as it contains the latest information on problems which have been found and
fixed since the release was created.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> Several of these documents (in particular, <tt
class="FILENAME">RELNOTES.TXT</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>, and <tt
class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt>) contain information that is specific to a particular
hardware architecture. For example, the alpha release notes contain information not
applicable to the <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>&#8482;, and vice versa. The
architecture for which each document applies will be listed in that document's title.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<p>On platforms that support <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
(currently alpha, <span class="TRADEMARK">i386</span>, ia64, pc98, and <span
class="TRADEMARK">Sparc64</span>&reg;), these documents are generally available via the
Documentation menu during installation. Once the system is installed, you can revisit
this menu by re-running the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
utility.</p>
<div class="NOTE">
<blockquote class="NOTE">
<p><b>Note:</b> It is extremely important to read the errata for any given release before
installing it, to learn about any ``late-breaking news'' or post-release problems. The
errata file accompanying each release (most likely right next to this file) is already
out of date by definition, but other copies are kept updated on the Internet and should
be consulted as the ``current errata'' for this release. These other copies of the errata
are located at <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"
target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a> (as well as any sites which keep
up-to-date mirrors of this location).</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN151" name="AEN151">4.2 Manual Pages</a></h3>
<p>As with almost all <span class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> like operating systems, FreeBSD
comes with a set of on-line manual pages, accessed through the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">man</span>(1)</span></a> command
or through the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" target="_top">hypertext
manual pages gateway</a> on the FreeBSD Web site. In general, the manual pages provide
information on the different commands and APIs available to the FreeBSD user.</p>
<p>In some cases, manual pages are written to give information on particular topics.
Notable examples of such manual pages are <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&amp;sektion=7&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tuning</span>(7)</span></a> (a
guide to performance tuning), <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&amp;sektion=7&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">security</span>(7)</span></a> (an
introduction to FreeBSD security), and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&amp;sektion=9&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">style</span>(9)</span></a> (a
style guide to kernel coding).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN169" name="AEN169">4.3 Books and Articles</a></h3>
<p>Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related information, maintained by the
FreeBSD Project, are the FreeBSD Handbook and FreeBSD FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions
document). On-line versions of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">Handbook</a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a> are
always available from the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html"
target="_top">FreeBSD Documentation page</a> or its mirrors. If you install the <tt
class="FILENAME">doc</tt> distribution set, you can use a Web browser to read the
Handbook and FAQ locally.</p>
<p>A number of on-line books and articles, also maintained by the FreeBSD Project, cover
more-specialized, FreeBSD-related topics. This material spans a wide range of topics,
from effective use of the mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other operating
systems, to guidelines for new committers. Like the Handbook and FAQ, these documents are
available from the FreeBSD Documentation Page or in the <tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt>
distribution set.</p>
<p>A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html"
target="_top">bibliography</a> of the FreeBSD Handbook. Because of FreeBSD's strong <span
class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> heritage, many other articles and books written for <span
class="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span> systems are applicable as well, some of which are also
listed in the bibliography.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" name="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">5
Acknowledgments</a></h2>
<p>FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds, if not thousands, of
individuals from around the world who have worked countless hours to bring about this
release. For a complete list of FreeBSD developers and contributors, please see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/"
target="_top">``Contributors to FreeBSD''</a> on the FreeBSD Web site or any of its
mirrors.</p>
<p>Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD users and testers all over the
world, without whom this release simply would not have been possible.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

765
en/releases/5.5R/relnotes-alpha.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/alpha 5.5-RELEASE Release Notes</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/alpha 5.5-RELEASE Release
Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.761.2.59.2.2 2006/05/22 17:05:47 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
<p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks
of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or
both.</p>
<p>IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and
other countries.</p>
<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc
in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based
upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
<p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and
the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
by the ``&trade;'' or the ``&reg;'' symbol.</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN24" name="AEN24"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the
FreeBSD base system since 5.4-RELEASE. This document lists applicable security advisories
that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD
kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.2.1 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.2 <a href="#PROC">Hardware Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.4 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.5 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.6 <a href="#AEN229">Contributed Software</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.3.1 <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS"><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></dt>
<dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and Integration</a></dt>
<dt>2.7 <a href="#DOC">Documentation</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE on the Alpha/AXP
hardware platform. It describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of FreeBSD.
It also provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be found at
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) release distributions of FreeBSD
can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before installing FreeBSD. The
errata document is updated with ``late-breaking'' information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains information on known bugs,
security advisories, and corrections to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata
for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
<p>FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is the last planned release on the 5.5-STABLE branch. The FreeBSD
development community is currently focusing its efforts on the 6-STABLE and CURRENT
codelines. No new major features are planned for the 5.5-STABLE branch, although minor
updates and bugfixes may be merged at the discretion of individual developers. The
FreeBSD security team will support the 5.5-RELEASE-based security branch with advisories
and security patches until the end-of-life date documented at <a
href="http://security.freebsd.org/" target="_top">http://security.freebsd.org/</a> (as of
this writing, 31 May 2008).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's New</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD since
5.4-RELEASE.</p>
<p>Typical release note items document recent security advisories issued after
5.4-RELEASE, new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes,
or contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single change
made to FreeBSD between releases; this document focuses primarily on security advisories,
user-visible changes, and major architectural improvements.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1 Security Advisories</a></h3>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>
utility which allows a malicious remote user to cause a denial-of-service by using
specially crafted packets, has been fixed. For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been fixed. These may allow a local user to modify permissions of arbitrary files
and overwrite arbitrary local files when uncompressing a file. For more information, see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip</a>.</p>
<p>A bug has been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> that
could cause packets to be matched incorrectly against a lookup table. This bug only
affects SMP machines or UP machines that have the <tt class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</tt>
kernel option enabled. More information is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw</a>.</p>
<p>Two security-related problems have been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. These
include a potential denial of service and unauthorized manipulation of file permissions.
For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in FreeBSD's TCP stack have been fixed. They could allow attackers to
stall existing TCP connections, creating a denial-of-service situation. More information
is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp</a>.</p>
<p>Two buffer overflows in the zlib library has been corrected. More information can be
found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib</a> and <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib</a>.</p>
<p>A security vulnerability that could allow processes running inside a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> to gain
access to hidden <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> file
nodes has been corrected, as described in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation, which resulted in AES-XCBC-MAC authentication using a constant key, has
been corrected. More details are in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>, which
could allow an attacker to modify or overwrite files with the permissions of a user
running the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in OpenSSL that could allow an attacker to force an use older version of the SSL
(with known weakensses) has been corrected. Details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>,
which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user running
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a> text
editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user
running <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a>, has been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee</a>.</p>
<p>Several vulnerabilities in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been corrected. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio</a>.</p>
<p>Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be disclosed to users have been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, which
could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf</a>.</p>
<p>An error in Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) support in the TCP/IP stack, which could
cause an infinite loop upon reception of a particular series of packets, has been
corrected. More details are contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the OpenSSH performs internal accounting, which could cause the master
decides that it is overloaded and stops accepting client connections, has been fixed. For
more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when the server received
a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fast_ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fast_ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation results in the sequence number associated with a Security Association not
being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally pass sequence number verification
checks, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug that could cause <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiepasswd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">opiepasswd</span>(1)</span></a> to
allow an unprivileged user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under
certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie</a>.</p>
<p>An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a>,
which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the
user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel Changes</a></h3>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1 Boot Loader Changes</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">autoboot</tt> command will now prevent the user from
interrupting the boot process at all if the <code class="VARNAME">autoboot_delay</code>
variable is set to <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2 Hardware Support</a></h4>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1 Multimedia Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now has some added functionality, including volume control on more inputs and recording
capability on some devices.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2 Network Interface Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the BCM5714 and 5789 chips.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
is now MPSAFE.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now
supports <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3 Network Protocols</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>
network bridging implementation, originally from NetBSD, has been added. It supports the
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol, individual interface devices for each bridge,
filtering of bridged packets, and span ports (which transmit a copy of every frame
received by the bridge). The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports configuration of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4 Disks and Storage</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been updated to the 9.3.0.1 release on the 3ware Web site.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5 File Systems</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN229" name="AEN229">2.2.6 Contributed Software</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland Changes</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdiff&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdiff</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bspatch&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bspatch</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities have been added. These are tools for constructing and applying binary
patches.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmp&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cmp</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag to compare the symbolic link itself
rather than the file that the link points to.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname2&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname2</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetent</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyname</span>(3)</span></a>,
and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotoent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotoent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobynumber&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobynumber</span>(3)</span></a> functions are now
thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyport&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyport</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kdump</span>(1)</span></a> program
now supports a <code class="OPTION">-s</code> flag to suppress the display of I/O
data.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldstat&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldstat</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-m</code> option to return the status of a
specific kernel module.</p>
<p>The default stack sizes in <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">libthr</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> have been increased.
On 32-bit platforms, the main thread receives a 2MB stack size by default, with other
threads receiving a 1MB stack size by default. On 64-bit platforms, the default stack
sizes are 4MB and 2MB respectively.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag for interface stats mode,
which prints all interface statistics in human readable form.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> utility
now supports a ``sweeping ping'' in which <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp</span>(4)</span></a> payload
of packets being sent is increased with given step. This is useful for testing
problematic channels, MTU issues or traffic policing functions in networks.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=powerd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">powerd</span>(8)</span></a>
program for managing power consumption has been added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfcomm_sppd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rfcomm_sppd</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports service names in addition to <code class="OPTION">-c</code> option
with channel number. The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax), LAN
(LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port).</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-I</code> option that asks for confirmation (once)
if recursively removing directories or if more than 3 files are listed in the command
line.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code class="OPTION">-l</code> option to make its output line-buffered.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports the <tt class="LITERAL">times</tt> built-in command.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snapinfo&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snapinfo</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, which shows snapshot locations on UFS filesystems, has been added.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1 <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bluetooth</tt> script has been added. This script will be
called from <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> in
response to device attachment/detachment events and to stop/start particular device
without unplugging it by hand. The configuration parameters are in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf</tt>, and can be overridden by using
<tt class="FILENAME">/etc/bluetooth/<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt>.conf</tt>
(where <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt> is <tt class="DEVICENAME">ubt0</tt>,
<tt class="DEVICENAME">btcc0</tt>, and so on.) For more details, see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bluetooth.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bluetooth.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">rc.d/jail</tt> startup script now supports <code
class="VARNAME">jail_<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>_flags</code> variable which
allows to specify <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a>
flags.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4 Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated from 9.3.1 to 9.3.2.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated from version 8.13.3 to version
8.13.6.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated from the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2005g</b>
release to the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2006g</b> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5 Ports/Packages Collection
Infrastructure</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-P</code> flag, which is the same as the
<code class="OPTION">-p</code> flag except that the given prefix is also used recursively
for the dependency packages if any.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities now support a <code class="OPTION">-K</code> flag to save packages to the
current directory (or <code class="VARNAME">PKGDIR</code> if defined) by default.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-x</code> flag to support basic regular
expressions for package name, an <code class="OPTION">-E</code> flag for extended regular
expressions, and a <code class="OPTION">-G</code> for exact matching.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-I</code> flag, which causes only the <tt
class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt> file to be used for determining if a package is out of
date.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-o</code> flag to show the origin recorded
on package generation instead of the package name, and an <code class="OPTION">-O</code>
flag to list packages whose registered origin is origin only.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portsnap&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portsnap</span>(8)</span></a>
utility (<tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portsnap</tt>) has been added into the FreeBSD
base system. This is a secure, easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for
users to keep their ports trees up to date.</p>
<p>The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection has been removed. This means
<tt class="FILENAME">foo.sh</tt> is renamed to <tt class="FILENAME">foo</tt>, and now
scripts whose name is something like <tt class="FILENAME">foo.ORG</tt> will also be
invoked. You are recommended to reinstall packages which install such scripts and remove
extra files in the <code class="VARNAME">local_startup</code> directory.</p>
<p>New <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt> variables, <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local_dirs</code> and <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local32_dirs</code> have been added. These hold lists of local
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
directories.</p>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt> command in <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-plist</tt> now
allows no directory argument. If no directory argument is given, it will set current
working directory to the first prefix given by the <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt>
command.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6 Release Engineering and
Integration</a></h3>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) has been updated from 2.10.2 to 2.12.3.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/kde3/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/kde3</tt></a>) has been updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.1.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> interpreter (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) has been updated from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> windowing system (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/xorg/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/xorg</tt></a>) has been updated from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7 Documentation</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 Upgrading from previous releases of
FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three
options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of
FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading
method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it
requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need)
to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible,
but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases
like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete
reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> file for more information,
preferably <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning an
upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the -STABLE or -CURRENT
branches of FreeBSD, please be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing
up <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and configuration
files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

801
en/releases/5.5R/relnotes-amd64.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,801 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/amd64 5.5-RELEASE Release Notes</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/amd64 5.5-RELEASE Release
Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.761.2.59.2.2 2006/05/22 17:05:47 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
<p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks
of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or
both.</p>
<p>IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and
other countries.</p>
<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc
in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based
upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
<p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and
the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
by the ``&trade;'' or the ``&reg;'' symbol.</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN24" name="AEN24"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the
FreeBSD base system since 5.4-RELEASE. This document lists applicable security advisories
that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD
kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.2.1 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.2 <a href="#PROC">Hardware Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.4 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.5 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.6 <a href="#AEN229">Contributed Software</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.3.1 <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS"><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></dt>
<dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and Integration</a></dt>
<dt>2.7 <a href="#DOC">Documentation</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE on the AMD64 hardware
platform. It describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of FreeBSD. It also
provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be found at
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) release distributions of FreeBSD
can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before installing FreeBSD. The
errata document is updated with ``late-breaking'' information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains information on known bugs,
security advisories, and corrections to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata
for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
<p>FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is the last planned release on the 5.5-STABLE branch. The FreeBSD
development community is currently focusing its efforts on the 6-STABLE and CURRENT
codelines. No new major features are planned for the 5.5-STABLE branch, although minor
updates and bugfixes may be merged at the discretion of individual developers. The
FreeBSD security team will support the 5.5-RELEASE-based security branch with advisories
and security patches until the end-of-life date documented at <a
href="http://security.freebsd.org/" target="_top">http://security.freebsd.org/</a> (as of
this writing, 31 May 2008).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's New</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD since
5.4-RELEASE.</p>
<p>Typical release note items document recent security advisories issued after
5.4-RELEASE, new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes,
or contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single change
made to FreeBSD between releases; this document focuses primarily on security advisories,
user-visible changes, and major architectural improvements.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1 Security Advisories</a></h3>
<p>Because of an information disclosure vulnerability on processors using Hyper-Threading
Technology (HTT), the <code class="VARNAME">machdep.hyperthreading_allowed</code> sysctl
variable has been added. It defaults to <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> (HTT enabled) on
FreeBSD CURRENT, and <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> (HTT disabled) on the 4-STABLE and
5-STABLE development branches and supported security fix branches. More information can
be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:09.htt.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:09.htt</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>
utility which allows a malicious remote user to cause a denial-of-service by using
specially crafted packets, has been fixed. For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been fixed. These may allow a local user to modify permissions of arbitrary files
and overwrite arbitrary local files when uncompressing a file. For more information, see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip</a>.</p>
<p>A bug has been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> that
could cause packets to be matched incorrectly against a lookup table. This bug only
affects SMP machines or UP machines that have the <tt class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</tt>
kernel option enabled. More information is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw</a>.</p>
<p>Two security-related problems have been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. These
include a potential denial of service and unauthorized manipulation of file permissions.
For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in FreeBSD's TCP stack have been fixed. They could allow attackers to
stall existing TCP connections, creating a denial-of-service situation. More information
is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp</a>.</p>
<p>Two buffer overflows in the zlib library has been corrected. More information can be
found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib</a> and <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib</a>.</p>
<p>A security vulnerability that could allow processes running inside a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> to gain
access to hidden <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> file
nodes has been corrected, as described in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation, which resulted in AES-XCBC-MAC authentication using a constant key, has
been corrected. More details are in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>, which
could allow an attacker to modify or overwrite files with the permissions of a user
running the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in OpenSSL that could allow an attacker to force an use older version of the SSL
(with known weakensses) has been corrected. Details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>,
which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user running
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a> text
editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user
running <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a>, has been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee</a>.</p>
<p>Several vulnerabilities in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been corrected. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio</a>.</p>
<p>Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be disclosed to users have been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, which
could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf</a>.</p>
<p>An error in Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) support in the TCP/IP stack, which could
cause an infinite loop upon reception of a particular series of packets, has been
corrected. More details are contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the OpenSSH performs internal accounting, which could cause the master
decides that it is overloaded and stops accepting client connections, has been fixed. For
more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when the server received
a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fast_ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fast_ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation results in the sequence number associated with a Security Association not
being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally pass sequence number verification
checks, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug that could cause <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiepasswd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">opiepasswd</span>(1)</span></a> to
allow an unprivileged user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under
certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie</a>.</p>
<p>An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a>,
which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the
user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail</a>.</p>
<p>An information disclosure issue found in FreeBSD kernel running on 7th and 8th
generation of AMD processors has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel Changes</a></h3>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1 Boot Loader Changes</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">autoboot</tt> command will now prevent the user from
interrupting the boot process at all if the <code class="VARNAME">autoboot_delay</code>
variable is set to <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2 Hardware Support</a></h4>
<p>Dual-core processors (such as the Intel Core Duo) now have both cores available for
use by default in SMP-enabled kernels.</p>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1 Multimedia Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now has some added functionality, including volume control on more inputs and recording
capability on some devices.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2 Network Interface Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the BCM5714 and 5789 chips.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
is now MPSAFE.</p>
<p>Drivers using the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> device
driver wrapper mechanism are now built and loaded differently. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
can now be pre-built as module or statically compiled into a kernel. Individual drivers
can now be built with the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndisgen&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndisgen</span>(8)</span></a>
utility; the result is a kernel module that can be loaded into a running kernel using <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldload&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldload</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p>Many (but not all) changes to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> system
were merged from HEAD.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now
supports <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3 Network Protocols</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>
network bridging implementation, originally from NetBSD, has been added. It supports the
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol, individual interface devices for each bridge,
filtering of bridged packets, and span ports (which transmit a copy of every frame
received by the bridge). The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports configuration of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4 Disks and Storage</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been updated to the 9.3.0.1 release on the 3ware Web site.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5 File Systems</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN229" name="AEN229">2.2.6 Contributed Software</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland Changes</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdiff&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdiff</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bspatch&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bspatch</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities have been added. These are tools for constructing and applying binary
patches.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmp&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cmp</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag to compare the symbolic link itself
rather than the file that the link points to.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname2&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname2</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetent</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyname</span>(3)</span></a>,
and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotoent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotoent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobynumber&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobynumber</span>(3)</span></a> functions are now
thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyport&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyport</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kdump</span>(1)</span></a> program
now supports a <code class="OPTION">-s</code> flag to suppress the display of I/O
data.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldstat&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldstat</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-m</code> option to return the status of a
specific kernel module.</p>
<p>The default stack sizes in <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">libthr</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> have been increased.
On 32-bit platforms, the main thread receives a 2MB stack size by default, with other
threads receiving a 1MB stack size by default. On 64-bit platforms, the default stack
sizes are 4MB and 2MB respectively.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag for interface stats mode,
which prints all interface statistics in human readable form.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> utility
now supports a ``sweeping ping'' in which <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp</span>(4)</span></a> payload
of packets being sent is increased with given step. This is useful for testing
problematic channels, MTU issues or traffic policing functions in networks.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=powerd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">powerd</span>(8)</span></a>
program for managing power consumption has been added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfcomm_sppd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rfcomm_sppd</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports service names in addition to <code class="OPTION">-c</code> option
with channel number. The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax), LAN
(LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port).</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-I</code> option that asks for confirmation (once)
if recursively removing directories or if more than 3 files are listed in the command
line.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code class="OPTION">-l</code> option to make its output line-buffered.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports the <tt class="LITERAL">times</tt> built-in command.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snapinfo&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snapinfo</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, which shows snapshot locations on UFS filesystems, has been added.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1 <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bluetooth</tt> script has been added. This script will be
called from <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> in
response to device attachment/detachment events and to stop/start particular device
without unplugging it by hand. The configuration parameters are in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf</tt>, and can be overridden by using
<tt class="FILENAME">/etc/bluetooth/<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt>.conf</tt>
(where <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt> is <tt class="DEVICENAME">ubt0</tt>,
<tt class="DEVICENAME">btcc0</tt>, and so on.) For more details, see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bluetooth.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bluetooth.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">rc.d/jail</tt> startup script now supports <code
class="VARNAME">jail_<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>_flags</code> variable which
allows to specify <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a>
flags.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4 Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated from 9.3.1 to 9.3.2.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated from version 8.13.3 to version
8.13.6.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated from the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2005g</b>
release to the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2006g</b> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5 Ports/Packages Collection
Infrastructure</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-P</code> flag, which is the same as the
<code class="OPTION">-p</code> flag except that the given prefix is also used recursively
for the dependency packages if any.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities now support a <code class="OPTION">-K</code> flag to save packages to the
current directory (or <code class="VARNAME">PKGDIR</code> if defined) by default.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-x</code> flag to support basic regular
expressions for package name, an <code class="OPTION">-E</code> flag for extended regular
expressions, and a <code class="OPTION">-G</code> for exact matching.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-I</code> flag, which causes only the <tt
class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt> file to be used for determining if a package is out of
date.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-o</code> flag to show the origin recorded
on package generation instead of the package name, and an <code class="OPTION">-O</code>
flag to list packages whose registered origin is origin only.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portsnap&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portsnap</span>(8)</span></a>
utility (<tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portsnap</tt>) has been added into the FreeBSD
base system. This is a secure, easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for
users to keep their ports trees up to date.</p>
<p>The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection has been removed. This means
<tt class="FILENAME">foo.sh</tt> is renamed to <tt class="FILENAME">foo</tt>, and now
scripts whose name is something like <tt class="FILENAME">foo.ORG</tt> will also be
invoked. You are recommended to reinstall packages which install such scripts and remove
extra files in the <code class="VARNAME">local_startup</code> directory.</p>
<p>New <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt> variables, <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local_dirs</code> and <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local32_dirs</code> have been added. These hold lists of local
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
directories.</p>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt> command in <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-plist</tt> now
allows no directory argument. If no directory argument is given, it will set current
working directory to the first prefix given by the <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt>
command.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6 Release Engineering and
Integration</a></h3>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) has been updated from 2.10.2 to 2.12.3.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/kde3/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/kde3</tt></a>) has been updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.1.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> interpreter (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) has been updated from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> windowing system (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/xorg/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/xorg</tt></a>) has been updated from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7 Documentation</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 Upgrading from previous releases of
FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three
options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of
FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading
method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it
requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need)
to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible,
but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases
like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete
reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> file for more information,
preferably <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning an
upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the -STABLE or -CURRENT
branches of FreeBSD, please be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing
up <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and configuration
files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

806
en/releases/5.5R/relnotes-i386.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,806 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/i386 5.5-RELEASE Release Notes</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/i386 5.5-RELEASE Release
Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.761.2.59.2.2 2006/05/22 17:05:47 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
<p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks
of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or
both.</p>
<p>IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and
other countries.</p>
<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc
in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based
upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
<p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and
the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
by the ``&trade;'' or the ``&reg;'' symbol.</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN24" name="AEN24"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the
FreeBSD base system since 5.4-RELEASE. This document lists applicable security advisories
that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD
kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.2.1 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.2 <a href="#PROC">Hardware Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.4 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.5 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.6 <a href="#AEN229">Contributed Software</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.3.1 <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS"><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></dt>
<dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and Integration</a></dt>
<dt>2.7 <a href="#DOC">Documentation</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE on the i386 hardware
platform. It describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of FreeBSD. It also
provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be found at
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) release distributions of FreeBSD
can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before installing FreeBSD. The
errata document is updated with ``late-breaking'' information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains information on known bugs,
security advisories, and corrections to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata
for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
<p>FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is the last planned release on the 5.5-STABLE branch. The FreeBSD
development community is currently focusing its efforts on the 6-STABLE and CURRENT
codelines. No new major features are planned for the 5.5-STABLE branch, although minor
updates and bugfixes may be merged at the discretion of individual developers. The
FreeBSD security team will support the 5.5-RELEASE-based security branch with advisories
and security patches until the end-of-life date documented at <a
href="http://security.freebsd.org/" target="_top">http://security.freebsd.org/</a> (as of
this writing, 31 May 2008).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's New</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD since
5.4-RELEASE.</p>
<p>Typical release note items document recent security advisories issued after
5.4-RELEASE, new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes,
or contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single change
made to FreeBSD between releases; this document focuses primarily on security advisories,
user-visible changes, and major architectural improvements.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1 Security Advisories</a></h3>
<p>Because of an information disclosure vulnerability on processors using Hyper-Threading
Technology (HTT), the <code class="VARNAME">machdep.hyperthreading_allowed</code> sysctl
variable has been added. It defaults to <tt class="LITERAL">1</tt> (HTT enabled) on
FreeBSD CURRENT, and <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> (HTT disabled) on the 4-STABLE and
5-STABLE development branches and supported security fix branches. More information can
be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:09.htt.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:09.htt</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>
utility which allows a malicious remote user to cause a denial-of-service by using
specially crafted packets, has been fixed. For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been fixed. These may allow a local user to modify permissions of arbitrary files
and overwrite arbitrary local files when uncompressing a file. For more information, see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip</a>.</p>
<p>A bug has been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> that
could cause packets to be matched incorrectly against a lookup table. This bug only
affects SMP machines or UP machines that have the <tt class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</tt>
kernel option enabled. More information is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw</a>.</p>
<p>Two security-related problems have been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. These
include a potential denial of service and unauthorized manipulation of file permissions.
For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in FreeBSD's TCP stack have been fixed. They could allow attackers to
stall existing TCP connections, creating a denial-of-service situation. More information
is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp</a>.</p>
<p>Two buffer overflows in the zlib library has been corrected. More information can be
found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib</a> and <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib</a>.</p>
<p>A security vulnerability that could allow processes running inside a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> to gain
access to hidden <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> file
nodes has been corrected, as described in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation, which resulted in AES-XCBC-MAC authentication using a constant key, has
been corrected. More details are in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>, which
could allow an attacker to modify or overwrite files with the permissions of a user
running the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in OpenSSL that could allow an attacker to force an use older version of the SSL
(with known weakensses) has been corrected. Details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>,
which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user running
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a> text
editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user
running <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a>, has been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee</a>.</p>
<p>Several vulnerabilities in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been corrected. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio</a>.</p>
<p>Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be disclosed to users have been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, which
could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf</a>.</p>
<p>An error in Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) support in the TCP/IP stack, which could
cause an infinite loop upon reception of a particular series of packets, has been
corrected. More details are contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the OpenSSH performs internal accounting, which could cause the master
decides that it is overloaded and stops accepting client connections, has been fixed. For
more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when the server received
a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fast_ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fast_ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation results in the sequence number associated with a Security Association not
being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally pass sequence number verification
checks, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug that could cause <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiepasswd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">opiepasswd</span>(1)</span></a> to
allow an unprivileged user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under
certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie</a>.</p>
<p>An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a>,
which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the
user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail</a>.</p>
<p>An information disclosure issue found in FreeBSD kernel running on 7th and 8th
generation of AMD processors has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel Changes</a></h3>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1 Boot Loader Changes</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">autoboot</tt> command will now prevent the user from
interrupting the boot process at all if the <code class="VARNAME">autoboot_delay</code>
variable is set to <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2 Hardware Support</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ce&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ce</span>(4)</span></a> driver has
been added to support Cronyx Tau32-PCI adapters.</p>
<p>Dual-core processors (such as the Intel Core Duo) now have both cores available for
use by default in SMP-enabled kernels.</p>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1 Multimedia Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now has some added functionality, including volume control on more inputs and recording
capability on some devices.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2 Network Interface Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the BCM5714 and 5789 chips.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
is now MPSAFE.</p>
<p>Drivers using the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> device
driver wrapper mechanism are now built and loaded differently. The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> driver
can now be pre-built as module or statically compiled into a kernel. Individual drivers
can now be built with the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndisgen&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndisgen</span>(8)</span></a>
utility; the result is a kernel module that can be loaded into a running kernel using <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldload&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldload</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
<p>Many (but not all) changes to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ndis</span>(4)</span></a> system
were merged from HEAD.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now
supports <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3 Network Protocols</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>
network bridging implementation, originally from NetBSD, has been added. It supports the
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol, individual interface devices for each bridge,
filtering of bridged packets, and span ports (which transmit a copy of every frame
received by the bridge). The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports configuration of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4 Disks and Storage</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been updated to the 9.3.0.1 release on the 3ware Web site.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5 File Systems</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN229" name="AEN229">2.2.6 Contributed Software</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland Changes</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdiff&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdiff</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bspatch&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bspatch</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities have been added. These are tools for constructing and applying binary
patches.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmp&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cmp</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag to compare the symbolic link itself
rather than the file that the link points to.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname2&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname2</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetent</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyname</span>(3)</span></a>,
and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotoent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotoent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobynumber&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobynumber</span>(3)</span></a> functions are now
thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyport&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyport</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kdump</span>(1)</span></a> program
now supports a <code class="OPTION">-s</code> flag to suppress the display of I/O
data.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldstat&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldstat</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-m</code> option to return the status of a
specific kernel module.</p>
<p>The default stack sizes in <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">libthr</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> have been increased.
On 32-bit platforms, the main thread receives a 2MB stack size by default, with other
threads receiving a 1MB stack size by default. On 64-bit platforms, the default stack
sizes are 4MB and 2MB respectively.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag for interface stats mode,
which prints all interface statistics in human readable form.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> utility
now supports a ``sweeping ping'' in which <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp</span>(4)</span></a> payload
of packets being sent is increased with given step. This is useful for testing
problematic channels, MTU issues or traffic policing functions in networks.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=powerd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">powerd</span>(8)</span></a>
program for managing power consumption has been added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfcomm_sppd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rfcomm_sppd</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports service names in addition to <code class="OPTION">-c</code> option
with channel number. The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax), LAN
(LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port).</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-I</code> option that asks for confirmation (once)
if recursively removing directories or if more than 3 files are listed in the command
line.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code class="OPTION">-l</code> option to make its output line-buffered.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports the <tt class="LITERAL">times</tt> built-in command.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snapinfo&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snapinfo</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, which shows snapshot locations on UFS filesystems, has been added.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1 <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bluetooth</tt> script has been added. This script will be
called from <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> in
response to device attachment/detachment events and to stop/start particular device
without unplugging it by hand. The configuration parameters are in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf</tt>, and can be overridden by using
<tt class="FILENAME">/etc/bluetooth/<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt>.conf</tt>
(where <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt> is <tt class="DEVICENAME">ubt0</tt>,
<tt class="DEVICENAME">btcc0</tt>, and so on.) For more details, see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bluetooth.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bluetooth.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">rc.d/jail</tt> startup script now supports <code
class="VARNAME">jail_<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>_flags</code> variable which
allows to specify <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a>
flags.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4 Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated from 9.3.1 to 9.3.2.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated from version 8.13.3 to version
8.13.6.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated from the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2005g</b>
release to the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2006g</b> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5 Ports/Packages Collection
Infrastructure</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-P</code> flag, which is the same as the
<code class="OPTION">-p</code> flag except that the given prefix is also used recursively
for the dependency packages if any.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities now support a <code class="OPTION">-K</code> flag to save packages to the
current directory (or <code class="VARNAME">PKGDIR</code> if defined) by default.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-x</code> flag to support basic regular
expressions for package name, an <code class="OPTION">-E</code> flag for extended regular
expressions, and a <code class="OPTION">-G</code> for exact matching.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-I</code> flag, which causes only the <tt
class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt> file to be used for determining if a package is out of
date.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-o</code> flag to show the origin recorded
on package generation instead of the package name, and an <code class="OPTION">-O</code>
flag to list packages whose registered origin is origin only.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portsnap&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portsnap</span>(8)</span></a>
utility (<tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portsnap</tt>) has been added into the FreeBSD
base system. This is a secure, easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for
users to keep their ports trees up to date.</p>
<p>The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection has been removed. This means
<tt class="FILENAME">foo.sh</tt> is renamed to <tt class="FILENAME">foo</tt>, and now
scripts whose name is something like <tt class="FILENAME">foo.ORG</tt> will also be
invoked. You are recommended to reinstall packages which install such scripts and remove
extra files in the <code class="VARNAME">local_startup</code> directory.</p>
<p>New <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt> variables, <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local_dirs</code> and <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local32_dirs</code> have been added. These hold lists of local
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
directories.</p>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt> command in <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-plist</tt> now
allows no directory argument. If no directory argument is given, it will set current
working directory to the first prefix given by the <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt>
command.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6 Release Engineering and
Integration</a></h3>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) has been updated from 2.10.2 to 2.12.3.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/kde3/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/kde3</tt></a>) has been updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.1.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> interpreter (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) has been updated from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> windowing system (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/xorg/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/xorg</tt></a>) has been updated from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7 Documentation</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 Upgrading from previous releases of
FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three
options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of
FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading
method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it
requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need)
to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible,
but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases
like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete
reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> file for more information,
preferably <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning an
upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the -STABLE or -CURRENT
branches of FreeBSD, please be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing
up <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and configuration
files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

765
en/releases/5.5R/relnotes-ia64.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/ia64 5.5-RELEASE Release Notes</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/ia64 5.5-RELEASE Release
Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.761.2.59.2.2 2006/05/22 17:05:47 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
<p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks
of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or
both.</p>
<p>IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and
other countries.</p>
<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc
in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based
upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
<p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and
the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
by the ``&trade;'' or the ``&reg;'' symbol.</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN24" name="AEN24"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the
FreeBSD base system since 5.4-RELEASE. This document lists applicable security advisories
that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD
kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.2.1 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.2 <a href="#PROC">Hardware Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.4 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.5 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.6 <a href="#AEN229">Contributed Software</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.3.1 <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS"><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></dt>
<dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and Integration</a></dt>
<dt>2.7 <a href="#DOC">Documentation</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE on the IA-64 hardware
platform. It describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of FreeBSD. It also
provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be found at
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) release distributions of FreeBSD
can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before installing FreeBSD. The
errata document is updated with ``late-breaking'' information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains information on known bugs,
security advisories, and corrections to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata
for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
<p>FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is the last planned release on the 5.5-STABLE branch. The FreeBSD
development community is currently focusing its efforts on the 6-STABLE and CURRENT
codelines. No new major features are planned for the 5.5-STABLE branch, although minor
updates and bugfixes may be merged at the discretion of individual developers. The
FreeBSD security team will support the 5.5-RELEASE-based security branch with advisories
and security patches until the end-of-life date documented at <a
href="http://security.freebsd.org/" target="_top">http://security.freebsd.org/</a> (as of
this writing, 31 May 2008).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's New</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD since
5.4-RELEASE.</p>
<p>Typical release note items document recent security advisories issued after
5.4-RELEASE, new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes,
or contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single change
made to FreeBSD between releases; this document focuses primarily on security advisories,
user-visible changes, and major architectural improvements.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1 Security Advisories</a></h3>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>
utility which allows a malicious remote user to cause a denial-of-service by using
specially crafted packets, has been fixed. For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been fixed. These may allow a local user to modify permissions of arbitrary files
and overwrite arbitrary local files when uncompressing a file. For more information, see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip</a>.</p>
<p>A bug has been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> that
could cause packets to be matched incorrectly against a lookup table. This bug only
affects SMP machines or UP machines that have the <tt class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</tt>
kernel option enabled. More information is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw</a>.</p>
<p>Two security-related problems have been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. These
include a potential denial of service and unauthorized manipulation of file permissions.
For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in FreeBSD's TCP stack have been fixed. They could allow attackers to
stall existing TCP connections, creating a denial-of-service situation. More information
is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp</a>.</p>
<p>Two buffer overflows in the zlib library has been corrected. More information can be
found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib</a> and <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib</a>.</p>
<p>A security vulnerability that could allow processes running inside a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> to gain
access to hidden <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> file
nodes has been corrected, as described in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation, which resulted in AES-XCBC-MAC authentication using a constant key, has
been corrected. More details are in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>, which
could allow an attacker to modify or overwrite files with the permissions of a user
running the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in OpenSSL that could allow an attacker to force an use older version of the SSL
(with known weakensses) has been corrected. Details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>,
which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user running
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a> text
editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user
running <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a>, has been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee</a>.</p>
<p>Several vulnerabilities in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been corrected. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio</a>.</p>
<p>Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be disclosed to users have been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, which
could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf</a>.</p>
<p>An error in Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) support in the TCP/IP stack, which could
cause an infinite loop upon reception of a particular series of packets, has been
corrected. More details are contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the OpenSSH performs internal accounting, which could cause the master
decides that it is overloaded and stops accepting client connections, has been fixed. For
more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when the server received
a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fast_ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fast_ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation results in the sequence number associated with a Security Association not
being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally pass sequence number verification
checks, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug that could cause <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiepasswd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">opiepasswd</span>(1)</span></a> to
allow an unprivileged user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under
certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie</a>.</p>
<p>An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a>,
which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the
user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel Changes</a></h3>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1 Boot Loader Changes</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">autoboot</tt> command will now prevent the user from
interrupting the boot process at all if the <code class="VARNAME">autoboot_delay</code>
variable is set to <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2 Hardware Support</a></h4>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1 Multimedia Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now has some added functionality, including volume control on more inputs and recording
capability on some devices.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2 Network Interface Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the BCM5714 and 5789 chips.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
is now MPSAFE.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now
supports <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3 Network Protocols</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>
network bridging implementation, originally from NetBSD, has been added. It supports the
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol, individual interface devices for each bridge,
filtering of bridged packets, and span ports (which transmit a copy of every frame
received by the bridge). The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports configuration of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4 Disks and Storage</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been updated to the 9.3.0.1 release on the 3ware Web site.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5 File Systems</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN229" name="AEN229">2.2.6 Contributed Software</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland Changes</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdiff&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdiff</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bspatch&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bspatch</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities have been added. These are tools for constructing and applying binary
patches.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmp&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cmp</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag to compare the symbolic link itself
rather than the file that the link points to.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname2&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname2</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetent</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyname</span>(3)</span></a>,
and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotoent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotoent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobynumber&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobynumber</span>(3)</span></a> functions are now
thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyport&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyport</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kdump</span>(1)</span></a> program
now supports a <code class="OPTION">-s</code> flag to suppress the display of I/O
data.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldstat&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldstat</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-m</code> option to return the status of a
specific kernel module.</p>
<p>The default stack sizes in <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">libthr</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> have been increased.
On 32-bit platforms, the main thread receives a 2MB stack size by default, with other
threads receiving a 1MB stack size by default. On 64-bit platforms, the default stack
sizes are 4MB and 2MB respectively.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag for interface stats mode,
which prints all interface statistics in human readable form.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> utility
now supports a ``sweeping ping'' in which <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp</span>(4)</span></a> payload
of packets being sent is increased with given step. This is useful for testing
problematic channels, MTU issues or traffic policing functions in networks.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=powerd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">powerd</span>(8)</span></a>
program for managing power consumption has been added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfcomm_sppd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rfcomm_sppd</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports service names in addition to <code class="OPTION">-c</code> option
with channel number. The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax), LAN
(LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port).</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-I</code> option that asks for confirmation (once)
if recursively removing directories or if more than 3 files are listed in the command
line.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code class="OPTION">-l</code> option to make its output line-buffered.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports the <tt class="LITERAL">times</tt> built-in command.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snapinfo&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snapinfo</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, which shows snapshot locations on UFS filesystems, has been added.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1 <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bluetooth</tt> script has been added. This script will be
called from <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> in
response to device attachment/detachment events and to stop/start particular device
without unplugging it by hand. The configuration parameters are in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf</tt>, and can be overridden by using
<tt class="FILENAME">/etc/bluetooth/<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt>.conf</tt>
(where <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt> is <tt class="DEVICENAME">ubt0</tt>,
<tt class="DEVICENAME">btcc0</tt>, and so on.) For more details, see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bluetooth.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bluetooth.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">rc.d/jail</tt> startup script now supports <code
class="VARNAME">jail_<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>_flags</code> variable which
allows to specify <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a>
flags.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4 Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated from 9.3.1 to 9.3.2.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated from version 8.13.3 to version
8.13.6.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated from the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2005g</b>
release to the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2006g</b> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5 Ports/Packages Collection
Infrastructure</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-P</code> flag, which is the same as the
<code class="OPTION">-p</code> flag except that the given prefix is also used recursively
for the dependency packages if any.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities now support a <code class="OPTION">-K</code> flag to save packages to the
current directory (or <code class="VARNAME">PKGDIR</code> if defined) by default.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-x</code> flag to support basic regular
expressions for package name, an <code class="OPTION">-E</code> flag for extended regular
expressions, and a <code class="OPTION">-G</code> for exact matching.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-I</code> flag, which causes only the <tt
class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt> file to be used for determining if a package is out of
date.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-o</code> flag to show the origin recorded
on package generation instead of the package name, and an <code class="OPTION">-O</code>
flag to list packages whose registered origin is origin only.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portsnap&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portsnap</span>(8)</span></a>
utility (<tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portsnap</tt>) has been added into the FreeBSD
base system. This is a secure, easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for
users to keep their ports trees up to date.</p>
<p>The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection has been removed. This means
<tt class="FILENAME">foo.sh</tt> is renamed to <tt class="FILENAME">foo</tt>, and now
scripts whose name is something like <tt class="FILENAME">foo.ORG</tt> will also be
invoked. You are recommended to reinstall packages which install such scripts and remove
extra files in the <code class="VARNAME">local_startup</code> directory.</p>
<p>New <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt> variables, <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local_dirs</code> and <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local32_dirs</code> have been added. These hold lists of local
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
directories.</p>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt> command in <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-plist</tt> now
allows no directory argument. If no directory argument is given, it will set current
working directory to the first prefix given by the <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt>
command.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6 Release Engineering and
Integration</a></h3>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) has been updated from 2.10.2 to 2.12.3.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/kde3/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/kde3</tt></a>) has been updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.1.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> interpreter (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) has been updated from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> windowing system (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/xorg/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/xorg</tt></a>) has been updated from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7 Documentation</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 Upgrading from previous releases of
FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three
options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of
FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading
method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it
requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need)
to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible,
but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases
like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete
reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> file for more information,
preferably <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning an
upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the -STABLE or -CURRENT
branches of FreeBSD, please be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing
up <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and configuration
files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

770
en/releases/5.5R/relnotes-pc98.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,770 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/pc98 5.5-RELEASE Release Notes</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/pc98 5.5-RELEASE Release
Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.761.2.59.2.2 2006/05/22 17:05:47 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
<p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks
of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or
both.</p>
<p>IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and
other countries.</p>
<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc
in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based
upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
<p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and
the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
by the ``&trade;'' or the ``&reg;'' symbol.</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN24" name="AEN24"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the
FreeBSD base system since 5.4-RELEASE. This document lists applicable security advisories
that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD
kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.2.1 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.2 <a href="#PROC">Hardware Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.4 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.5 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.6 <a href="#AEN229">Contributed Software</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.3.1 <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS"><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></dt>
<dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and Integration</a></dt>
<dt>2.7 <a href="#DOC">Documentation</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE on the NEC PC-98x1
hardware platform. It describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of FreeBSD.
It also provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be found at
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) release distributions of FreeBSD
can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before installing FreeBSD. The
errata document is updated with ``late-breaking'' information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains information on known bugs,
security advisories, and corrections to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata
for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
<p>FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is the last planned release on the 5.5-STABLE branch. The FreeBSD
development community is currently focusing its efforts on the 6-STABLE and CURRENT
codelines. No new major features are planned for the 5.5-STABLE branch, although minor
updates and bugfixes may be merged at the discretion of individual developers. The
FreeBSD security team will support the 5.5-RELEASE-based security branch with advisories
and security patches until the end-of-life date documented at <a
href="http://security.freebsd.org/" target="_top">http://security.freebsd.org/</a> (as of
this writing, 31 May 2008).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's New</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD since
5.4-RELEASE.</p>
<p>Typical release note items document recent security advisories issued after
5.4-RELEASE, new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes,
or contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single change
made to FreeBSD between releases; this document focuses primarily on security advisories,
user-visible changes, and major architectural improvements.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1 Security Advisories</a></h3>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>
utility which allows a malicious remote user to cause a denial-of-service by using
specially crafted packets, has been fixed. For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been fixed. These may allow a local user to modify permissions of arbitrary files
and overwrite arbitrary local files when uncompressing a file. For more information, see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip</a>.</p>
<p>A bug has been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> that
could cause packets to be matched incorrectly against a lookup table. This bug only
affects SMP machines or UP machines that have the <tt class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</tt>
kernel option enabled. More information is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw</a>.</p>
<p>Two security-related problems have been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. These
include a potential denial of service and unauthorized manipulation of file permissions.
For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in FreeBSD's TCP stack have been fixed. They could allow attackers to
stall existing TCP connections, creating a denial-of-service situation. More information
is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp</a>.</p>
<p>Two buffer overflows in the zlib library has been corrected. More information can be
found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib</a> and <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib</a>.</p>
<p>A security vulnerability that could allow processes running inside a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> to gain
access to hidden <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> file
nodes has been corrected, as described in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation, which resulted in AES-XCBC-MAC authentication using a constant key, has
been corrected. More details are in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>, which
could allow an attacker to modify or overwrite files with the permissions of a user
running the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in OpenSSL that could allow an attacker to force an use older version of the SSL
(with known weakensses) has been corrected. Details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>,
which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user running
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a> text
editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user
running <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a>, has been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee</a>.</p>
<p>Several vulnerabilities in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been corrected. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio</a>.</p>
<p>Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be disclosed to users have been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, which
could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf</a>.</p>
<p>An error in Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) support in the TCP/IP stack, which could
cause an infinite loop upon reception of a particular series of packets, has been
corrected. More details are contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the OpenSSH performs internal accounting, which could cause the master
decides that it is overloaded and stops accepting client connections, has been fixed. For
more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when the server received
a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fast_ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fast_ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation results in the sequence number associated with a Security Association not
being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally pass sequence number verification
checks, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug that could cause <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiepasswd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">opiepasswd</span>(1)</span></a> to
allow an unprivileged user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under
certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie</a>.</p>
<p>An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a>,
which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the
user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel Changes</a></h3>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1 Boot Loader Changes</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">autoboot</tt> command will now prevent the user from
interrupting the boot process at all if the <code class="VARNAME">autoboot_delay</code>
variable is set to <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2 Hardware Support</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ce&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ce</span>(4)</span></a> driver has
been added to support Cronyx Tau32-PCI adapters.</p>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1 Multimedia Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now has some added functionality, including volume control on more inputs and recording
capability on some devices.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2 Network Interface Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the BCM5714 and 5789 chips.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
is now MPSAFE.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now
supports <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3 Network Protocols</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>
network bridging implementation, originally from NetBSD, has been added. It supports the
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol, individual interface devices for each bridge,
filtering of bridged packets, and span ports (which transmit a copy of every frame
received by the bridge). The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports configuration of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4 Disks and Storage</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been updated to the 9.3.0.1 release on the 3ware Web site.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5 File Systems</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN229" name="AEN229">2.2.6 Contributed Software</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland Changes</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdiff&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdiff</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bspatch&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bspatch</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities have been added. These are tools for constructing and applying binary
patches.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmp&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cmp</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag to compare the symbolic link itself
rather than the file that the link points to.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname2&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname2</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetent</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyname</span>(3)</span></a>,
and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotoent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotoent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobynumber&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobynumber</span>(3)</span></a> functions are now
thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyport&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyport</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kdump</span>(1)</span></a> program
now supports a <code class="OPTION">-s</code> flag to suppress the display of I/O
data.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldstat&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldstat</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-m</code> option to return the status of a
specific kernel module.</p>
<p>The default stack sizes in <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">libthr</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> have been increased.
On 32-bit platforms, the main thread receives a 2MB stack size by default, with other
threads receiving a 1MB stack size by default. On 64-bit platforms, the default stack
sizes are 4MB and 2MB respectively.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag for interface stats mode,
which prints all interface statistics in human readable form.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> utility
now supports a ``sweeping ping'' in which <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp</span>(4)</span></a> payload
of packets being sent is increased with given step. This is useful for testing
problematic channels, MTU issues or traffic policing functions in networks.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=powerd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">powerd</span>(8)</span></a>
program for managing power consumption has been added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfcomm_sppd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rfcomm_sppd</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports service names in addition to <code class="OPTION">-c</code> option
with channel number. The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax), LAN
(LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port).</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-I</code> option that asks for confirmation (once)
if recursively removing directories or if more than 3 files are listed in the command
line.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code class="OPTION">-l</code> option to make its output line-buffered.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports the <tt class="LITERAL">times</tt> built-in command.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snapinfo&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snapinfo</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, which shows snapshot locations on UFS filesystems, has been added.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1 <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bluetooth</tt> script has been added. This script will be
called from <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> in
response to device attachment/detachment events and to stop/start particular device
without unplugging it by hand. The configuration parameters are in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf</tt>, and can be overridden by using
<tt class="FILENAME">/etc/bluetooth/<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt>.conf</tt>
(where <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt> is <tt class="DEVICENAME">ubt0</tt>,
<tt class="DEVICENAME">btcc0</tt>, and so on.) For more details, see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bluetooth.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bluetooth.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">rc.d/jail</tt> startup script now supports <code
class="VARNAME">jail_<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>_flags</code> variable which
allows to specify <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a>
flags.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4 Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated from 9.3.1 to 9.3.2.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated from version 8.13.3 to version
8.13.6.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated from the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2005g</b>
release to the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2006g</b> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5 Ports/Packages Collection
Infrastructure</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-P</code> flag, which is the same as the
<code class="OPTION">-p</code> flag except that the given prefix is also used recursively
for the dependency packages if any.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities now support a <code class="OPTION">-K</code> flag to save packages to the
current directory (or <code class="VARNAME">PKGDIR</code> if defined) by default.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-x</code> flag to support basic regular
expressions for package name, an <code class="OPTION">-E</code> flag for extended regular
expressions, and a <code class="OPTION">-G</code> for exact matching.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-I</code> flag, which causes only the <tt
class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt> file to be used for determining if a package is out of
date.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-o</code> flag to show the origin recorded
on package generation instead of the package name, and an <code class="OPTION">-O</code>
flag to list packages whose registered origin is origin only.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portsnap&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portsnap</span>(8)</span></a>
utility (<tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portsnap</tt>) has been added into the FreeBSD
base system. This is a secure, easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for
users to keep their ports trees up to date.</p>
<p>The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection has been removed. This means
<tt class="FILENAME">foo.sh</tt> is renamed to <tt class="FILENAME">foo</tt>, and now
scripts whose name is something like <tt class="FILENAME">foo.ORG</tt> will also be
invoked. You are recommended to reinstall packages which install such scripts and remove
extra files in the <code class="VARNAME">local_startup</code> directory.</p>
<p>New <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt> variables, <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local_dirs</code> and <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local32_dirs</code> have been added. These hold lists of local
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
directories.</p>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt> command in <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-plist</tt> now
allows no directory argument. If no directory argument is given, it will set current
working directory to the first prefix given by the <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt>
command.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6 Release Engineering and
Integration</a></h3>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) has been updated from 2.10.2 to 2.12.3.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/kde3/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/kde3</tt></a>) has been updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.1.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> interpreter (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) has been updated from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> windowing system (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/xorg/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/xorg</tt></a>) has been updated from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7 Documentation</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 Upgrading from previous releases of
FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three
options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of
FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading
method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it
requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need)
to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible,
but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases
like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete
reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> file for more information,
preferably <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning an
upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the -STABLE or -CURRENT
branches of FreeBSD, please be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing
up <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and configuration
files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

765
en/releases/5.5R/relnotes-sparc64.html Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>FreeBSD/sparc64 5.5-RELEASE Release Notes</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
</head>
<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
<div class="ARTICLE">
<div class="TITLEPAGE">
<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/sparc64 5.5-RELEASE Release
Notes</a></h1>
<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
<p class="PUBDATE">$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/common/new.sgml,v
1.761.2.59.2.2 2006/05/22 17:05:47 bmah Exp $<br />
</p>
<div class="LEGALNOTICE"><a id="TRADEMARKS" name="TRADEMARKS"></a>
<p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks
of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or
both.</p>
<p>IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and
other countries.</p>
<p>Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc
in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based
upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.</p>
<p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and
the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
by the ``&trade;'' or the ``&reg;'' symbol.</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN24" name="AEN24"></a>
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the
FreeBSD base system since 5.4-RELEASE. This document lists applicable security advisories
that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD
kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="TOC">
<dl>
<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
<dt>1 <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt>2 <a href="#NEW">What's New</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.1 <a href="#SECURITY">Security Advisories</a></dt>
<dt>2.2 <a href="#KERNEL">Kernel Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.2.1 <a href="#BOOT">Boot Loader Changes</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.2 <a href="#PROC">Hardware Support</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.3 <a href="#NET-PROTO">Network Protocols</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.4 <a href="#DISKS">Disks and Storage</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.5 <a href="#FS">File Systems</a></dt>
<dt>2.2.6 <a href="#AEN229">Contributed Software</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.3 <a href="#USERLAND">Userland Changes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>2.3.1 <a href="#RC-SCRIPTS"><tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>2.4 <a href="#CONTRIB">Contributed Software</a></dt>
<dt>2.5 <a href="#PORTS">Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</a></dt>
<dt>2.6 <a href="#RELENG">Release Engineering and Integration</a></dt>
<dt>2.7 <a href="#DOC">Documentation</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>3 <a href="#UPGRADE">Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INTRO" name="INTRO">1 Introduction</a></h2>
<p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE on the UltraSPARC
hardware platform. It describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of FreeBSD.
It also provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p>
<p>This distribution of FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be found at
<a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a> or any of its
mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) release distributions of FreeBSD
can be found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top">``Obtaining FreeBSD'' appendix</a> to the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before installing FreeBSD. The
errata document is updated with ``late-breaking'' information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains information on known bugs,
security advisories, and corrections to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata
for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
<p>FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is the last planned release on the 5.5-STABLE branch. The FreeBSD
development community is currently focusing its efforts on the 6-STABLE and CURRENT
codelines. No new major features are planned for the 5.5-STABLE branch, although minor
updates and bugfixes may be merged at the discretion of individual developers. The
FreeBSD security team will support the 5.5-RELEASE-based security branch with advisories
and security patches until the end-of-life date documented at <a
href="http://security.freebsd.org/" target="_top">http://security.freebsd.org/</a> (as of
this writing, 31 May 2008).</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="NEW" name="NEW">2 What's New</a></h2>
<p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD since
5.4-RELEASE.</p>
<p>Typical release note items document recent security advisories issued after
5.4-RELEASE, new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes,
or contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single change
made to FreeBSD between releases; this document focuses primarily on security advisories,
user-visible changes, and major architectural improvements.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="SECURITY" name="SECURITY">2.1 Security Advisories</a></h3>
<p>A bug in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tcpdump</span>(1)</span></a>
utility which allows a malicious remote user to cause a denial-of-service by using
specially crafted packets, has been fixed. For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:10.tcpdump</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gzip</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been fixed. These may allow a local user to modify permissions of arbitrary files
and overwrite arbitrary local files when uncompressing a file. For more information, see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:11.gzip</a>.</p>
<p>A bug has been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipfw</span>(4)</span></a> that
could cause packets to be matched incorrectly against a lookup table. This bug only
affects SMP machines or UP machines that have the <tt class="LITERAL">PREEMPTION</tt>
kernel option enabled. More information is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:13.ipfw</a>.</p>
<p>Two security-related problems have been fixed in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bzip2</span>(1)</span></a>. These
include a potential denial of service and unauthorized manipulation of file permissions.
For more information, see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:14.bzip2</a>.</p>
<p>Two problems in FreeBSD's TCP stack have been fixed. They could allow attackers to
stall existing TCP connections, creating a denial-of-service situation. More information
is contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:15.tcp</a>.</p>
<p>Two buffer overflows in the zlib library has been corrected. More information can be
found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:16.zlib</a> and <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:18.zlib</a>.</p>
<p>A security vulnerability that could allow processes running inside a <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=2&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(2)</span></a> to gain
access to hidden <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devfs</span>(5)</span></a> file
nodes has been corrected, as described in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:17.devfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation, which resulted in AES-XCBC-MAC authentication using a constant key, has
been corrected. More details are in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:19.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>, which
could allow an attacker to modify or overwrite files with the permissions of a user
running the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsbug&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cvsbug</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. More details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:20.cvsbug</a>.</p>
<p>A bug in OpenSSL that could allow an attacker to force an use older version of the SSL
(with known weakensses) has been corrected. Details can be found in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-05:21.openssl</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>,
which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user running
the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=texindex&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">texindex</span>(1)</span></a>
utility, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex</a>.</p>
<p>A temporary file vulnerability in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a> text
editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user
running <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ee</span>(1)</span></a>, has been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee</a>.</p>
<p>Several vulnerabilities in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> utility
have been corrected. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio</a>.</p>
<p>Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be disclosed to users have been
fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pf</span>(4)</span></a>, which
could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see
security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf</a>.</p>
<p>An error in Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) support in the TCP/IP stack, which could
cause an infinite loop upon reception of a particular series of packets, has been
corrected. More details are contained in security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:08.sack</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the OpenSSH performs internal accounting, which could cause the master
decides that it is overloaded and stops accepting client connections, has been fixed. For
more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:09.openssh</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when the server received
a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs</a>.</p>
<p>A programming error in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fast_ipsec&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">fast_ipsec</span>(4)</span></a>
implementation results in the sequence number associated with a Security Association not
being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally pass sequence number verification
checks, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec</a>.</p>
<p>A logic bug that could cause <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiepasswd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">opiepasswd</span>(1)</span></a> to
allow an unprivileged user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under
certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie</a>.</p>
<p>An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sendmail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sendmail</span>(8)</span></a>,
which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the
user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed. For more details see security
advisory <a
href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail.asc"
target="_top">FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="KERNEL" name="KERNEL">2.2 Kernel Changes</a></h3>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="BOOT" name="BOOT">2.2.1 Boot Loader Changes</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">autoboot</tt> command will now prevent the user from
interrupting the boot process at all if the <code class="VARNAME">autoboot_delay</code>
variable is set to <tt class="LITERAL">-1</tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="PROC" name="PROC">2.2.2 Hardware Support</a></h4>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="MM" name="MM">2.2.2.1 Multimedia Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uaudio&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">uaudio</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now has some added functionality, including volume control on more inputs and recording
capability on some devices.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT4">
<hr />
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="NET-IF" name="NET-IF">2.2.2.2 Network Interface Support</a></h5>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bge</span>(4)</span></a> driver
now supports the BCM5714 and 5789 chips.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ixgb&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ixgb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
is now MPSAFE.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver now
supports <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=polling&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">polling</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="NET-PROTO" name="NET-PROTO">2.2.3 Network Protocols</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>
network bridging implementation, originally from NetBSD, has been added. It supports the
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol, individual interface devices for each bridge,
filtering of bridged packets, and span ports (which transmit a copy of every frame
received by the bridge). The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports configuration of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_bridge&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">if_bridge</span>(4)</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="DISKS" name="DISKS">2.2.4 Disks and Storage</a></h4>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=twa&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">twa</span>(4)</span></a> driver
has been updated to the 9.3.0.1 release on the 3ware Web site.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FS" name="FS">2.2.5 File Systems</a></h4>
</div>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN229" name="AEN229">2.2.6 Contributed Software</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="USERLAND" name="USERLAND">2.3 Userland Changes</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdiff&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bsdiff</span>(1)</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bspatch&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">bspatch</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities have been added. These are tools for constructing and applying binary
patches.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmp&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cmp</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag to compare the symbolic link itself
rather than the file that the link points to.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyname2&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyname2</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gethostbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">gethostbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetent</span>(3)</span></a>, <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyname</span>(3)</span></a>,
and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getnetbyaddr&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getnetbyaddr</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotoent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotoent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getprotobynumber&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getprotobynumber</span>(3)</span></a> functions are now
thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservent&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservent</span>(3)</span></a>,
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyname&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyname</span>(3)</span></a>, and <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getservbyport&amp;sektion=3&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">getservbyport</span>(3)</span></a>
functions are now thread-safe.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kdump&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kdump</span>(1)</span></a> program
now supports a <code class="OPTION">-s</code> flag to suppress the display of I/O
data.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldstat&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">kldstat</span>(8)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-m</code> option to return the status of a
specific kernel module.</p>
<p>The default stack sizes in <tt class="FILENAME">libpthread</tt>, <tt
class="FILENAME">libthr</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">libc_r</tt> have been increased.
On 32-bit platforms, the main thread receives a 2MB stack size by default, with other
threads receiving a 1MB stack size by default. On 64-bit platforms, the default stack
sizes are 4MB and 2MB respectively.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">netstat</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-h</code> flag for interface stats mode,
which prints all interface statistics in human readable form.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ping</span>(8)</span></a> utility
now supports a ``sweeping ping'' in which <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=icmp&amp;sektion=4&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">icmp</span>(4)</span></a> payload
of packets being sent is increased with given step. This is useful for testing
problematic channels, MTU issues or traffic policing functions in networks.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=powerd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">powerd</span>(8)</span></a>
program for managing power consumption has been added.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfcomm_sppd&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rfcomm_sppd</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports service names in addition to <code class="OPTION">-c</code> option
with channel number. The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax), LAN
(LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port).</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rm</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports an <code class="OPTION">-I</code> option that asks for confirmation (once)
if recursively removing directories or if more than 3 files are listed in the command
line.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sed</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code class="OPTION">-l</code> option to make its output line-buffered.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sh</span>(1)</span></a> utility
now supports the <tt class="LITERAL">times</tt> built-in command.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snapinfo&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">snapinfo</span>(8)</span></a>
utility, which shows snapshot locations on UFS filesystems, has been added.</p>
<div class="SECT3">
<hr />
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="RC-SCRIPTS" name="RC-SCRIPTS">2.3.1 <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d</tt> Scripts</a></h4>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">bluetooth</tt> script has been added. This script will be
called from <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">devd</span>(8)</span></a> in
response to device attachment/detachment events and to stop/start particular device
without unplugging it by hand. The configuration parameters are in <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf</tt>, and can be overridden by using
<tt class="FILENAME">/etc/bluetooth/<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt>.conf</tt>
(where <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>$device</i></tt> is <tt class="DEVICENAME">ubt0</tt>,
<tt class="DEVICENAME">btcc0</tt>, and so on.) For more details, see <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bluetooth.conf&amp;sektion=5&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
class="REFENTRYTITLE">bluetooth.conf</span>(5)</span></a>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">rc.d/jail</tt> startup script now supports <code
class="VARNAME">jail_<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>name</i></tt>_flags</code> variable which
allows to specify <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">jail</span>(8)</span></a>
flags.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="CONTRIB" name="CONTRIB">2.4 Contributed Software</a></h3>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">BIND</b> has been updated from 9.3.1 to 9.3.2.</p>
<p><b class="APPLICATION">sendmail</b> has been updated from version 8.13.3 to version
8.13.6.</p>
<p>The timezone database has been updated from the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2005g</b>
release to the <b class="APPLICATION">tzdata2006g</b> release.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="PORTS" name="PORTS">2.5 Ports/Packages Collection
Infrastructure</a></h3>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-P</code> flag, which is the same as the
<code class="OPTION">-p</code> flag except that the given prefix is also used recursively
for the dependency packages if any.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
utilities now support a <code class="OPTION">-K</code> flag to save packages to the
current directory (or <code class="VARNAME">PKGDIR</code> if defined) by default.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_create&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a>
program now supports an <code class="OPTION">-x</code> flag to support basic regular
expressions for package name, an <code class="OPTION">-E</code> flag for extended regular
expressions, and a <code class="OPTION">-G</code> for exact matching.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports a <code class="OPTION">-I</code> flag, which causes only the <tt
class="FILENAME">INDEX</tt> file to be used for determining if a package is out of
date.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_version&amp;sektion=1&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_version</span>(1)</span></a>
utility now supports an <code class="OPTION">-o</code> flag to show the origin recorded
on package generation instead of the package name, and an <code class="OPTION">-O</code>
flag to list packages whose registered origin is origin only.</p>
<p>The <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portsnap&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">portsnap</span>(8)</span></a>
utility (<tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/portsnap</tt>) has been added into the FreeBSD
base system. This is a secure, easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for
users to keep their ports trees up to date.</p>
<p>The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection has been removed. This means
<tt class="FILENAME">foo.sh</tt> is renamed to <tt class="FILENAME">foo</tt>, and now
scripts whose name is something like <tt class="FILENAME">foo.ORG</tt> will also be
invoked. You are recommended to reinstall packages which install such scripts and remove
extra files in the <code class="VARNAME">local_startup</code> directory.</p>
<p>New <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt> variables, <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local_dirs</code> and <code
class="VARNAME">ldconfig_local32_dirs</code> have been added. These hold lists of local
<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ldconfig&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a>
directories.</p>
<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt> command in <tt class="FILENAME">pkg-plist</tt> now
allows no directory argument. If no directory argument is given, it will set current
working directory to the first prefix given by the <tt class="COMMAND">@cwd</tt>
command.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="RELENG" name="RELENG">2.6 Release Engineering and
Integration</a></h3>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">GNOME</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/gnome2/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/gnome2</tt></a>) has been updated from 2.10.2 to 2.12.3.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">KDE</b> desktop environment (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/kde3/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/kde3</tt></a>) has been updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.1.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Perl</b> interpreter (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/lang/perl5.8/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">lang/perl5.8</tt></a>) has been updated from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8.</p>
<p>The supported version of the <b class="APPLICATION">Xorg</b> windowing system (<a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/x11/xorg/pkg-descr"><tt
class="FILENAME">x11/xorg</tt></a>) has been updated from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<hr />
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="DOC" name="DOC">2.7 Documentation</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<hr />
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADE" name="UPGRADE">3 Upgrading from previous releases of
FreeBSD</a></h2>
<p>If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three
options:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using the binary upgrade option of <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&amp;sektion=8&amp;manpath=FreeBSD+5.5-RELEASE">
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of
FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading
method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it
requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc</tt>. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need)
to change the partitioning of your disks.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>From source code in <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src</tt>. This route is more flexible,
but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be
found in the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html"
target="_top">``Using <tt class="COMMAND">make world</tt>''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases
like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete
reinstall.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<p>Please read the <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> file for more information,
preferably <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> beginning an
upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read <tt
class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> as well.</p>
<p>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the -STABLE or -CURRENT
branches of FreeBSD, please be sure to consult the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html"
target="_top">``-CURRENT vs. -STABLE''</a> section of the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Handbook</a>.</p>
<div class="IMPORTANT">
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
<p><b>Important:</b> Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing
up <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">all</i></span> data and configuration
files.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting &#60;<a
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail &#60;<a
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

34
en/releases/5.5R/relnotes.sgml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" [
<!ENTITY base CDATA "../..">
<!ENTITY date "$FreeBSD: www/en/releases/5.4R/relnotes.sgml,v 1.2 2005/10/04 06:52:24 murray Exp $">
<!ENTITY title "FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE Release Notes">
<!ENTITY % navincludes SYSTEM "../../includes.navdownload.sgml"> %navincludes;
<!ENTITY % includes SYSTEM "../../includes.sgml"> %includes;
]>
<html>
&header;
<p>The release notes for FreeBSD are customized for different
platforms, as some of the changes made to FreeBSD apply only to
specific processor architectures.</p>
<p>Release notes for FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE are available for the following
platforms:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="relnotes-alpha.html">alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="relnotes-amd64.html">amd64</a></li>
<li><a href="relnotes-i386.html">i386</a></li>
<li><a href="relnotes-ia64.html">ia64</a></li>
<li><a href="relnotes-pc98.html">pc98</a></li>
<li><a href="relnotes-sparc64.html">sparc64</a></li>
</ul>
<p>A list of all platforms currently under development can be found
on the <a href="../../platforms/index.html">Supported
Platforms</a> page.</p>
&footer;
</body>
</html>