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325
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall/chapter.xml
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@ -1547,7 +1547,7 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<row>
<entry><literal>freebsd-swap</literal></entry>
<entry><literal>4G</literal></entry>
<entry/>
<entry></entry>
<entry><literal>exswap</literal></entry>
</row>
@ -2144,8 +2144,8 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone">
<title>Setting the Time Zone</title>
<para>The next menu asks if the system clock
uses <acronym>UTC</acronym> or local time. When in doubt, select
<para>The next menu asks if the system clock uses
<acronym>UTC</acronym> or local time. When in doubt, select
<guibutton>[&nbsp;No&nbsp;]</guibutton> to choose the more
commonly-used local time.</para>
@ -2160,16 +2160,16 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>The next series of menus are used to determine the
correct local time by selecting the geographic region, country,
and time zone. Setting the time zone allows the system to
<para>The next series of menus are used to determine the correct
local time by selecting the geographic region, country, and
time zone. Setting the time zone allows the system to
automatically correct for regional time changes, such as
daylight savings time, and
perform other time zone related functions properly.</para>
daylight savings time, and perform other time zone related
functions properly.</para>
<para>The example shown here is for a machine located in the Eastern
time zone of the United States. The selections will vary
according to the geographical location.</para>
<para>The example shown here is for a machine located in the
Eastern time zone of the United States. The selections will
vary according to the geographical location.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-region">
<title>Select a Region</title>
@ -2209,8 +2209,8 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow
keys and pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
<para>The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys
and pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-confirmation">
<title>Confirm Time Zone</title>
@ -2224,17 +2224,17 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
</figure>
<para>Confirm the abbreviation for the time zone is correct. If
it is, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue with
the post-installation configuration.</para>
it is, press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to continue with the
post-installation configuration.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-sysconf">
<title>Enabling Services</title>
<para>The next menu is used to configure which system services
will be started whenever the system boots.
All of these services are optional. Only start the services
that are needed for the system to function.</para>
will be started whenever the system boots. All of these
services are optional. Only start the services that are
needed for the system to function.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-config-serv">
<title>Selecting Additional Services to Enable</title>
@ -2253,9 +2253,9 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><literal>sshd</literal> - The Secure Shell
(<acronym>SSH</acronym>) daemon is used to remotely
access a system over an encrypted connection. Only enable
this service if the system should be available for remote
(<acronym>SSH</acronym>) daemon is used to remotely access
a system over an encrypted connection. Only enable this
service if the system should be available for remote
logins.</para>
</listitem>
@ -2284,9 +2284,9 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<title>Enabling Crash Dumps</title>
<para>The next menu is used to configure whether or not crash
dumps should be enabled. Enabling crash
dumps can be useful in debugging issues with the system,
so users are encouraged to enable crash dumps.</para>
dumps should be enabled. Enabling crash dumps can be useful
in debugging issues with the system, so users are encouraged
to enable crash dumps.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-config-crashdump">
<title>Enabling Crash Dumps</title>
@ -2305,11 +2305,11 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<para>The next menu prompts to create at least one user account.
It is recommended to login to the system using a user account
rather than as <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem>. When logged in as
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, there are
essentially no limits or protection on what can be done.
Logging in as a normal user is safer and more secure.</para>
rather than as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.
When logged in as <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem>, there are essentially no
limits or protection on what can be done. Logging in as a
normal user is safer and more secure.</para>
<para>Select <guibutton>[&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;]</guibutton> to add new
users.</para>
@ -2325,8 +2325,8 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
</figure>
<para>Follow the prompts and input the requested information for
the user account. The example shown in <xref
linkend="bsdinstall-add-user2"/> creates the <systemitem
the user account. The example shown in <xref
linkend="bsdinstall-add-user2"/> creates the <systemitem
class="username">asample</systemitem> user account.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-add-user2">
@ -2344,16 +2344,17 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><literal>Username</literal> - The name the user will
enter to log in. A common convention is to use the first letter of the
first name combined with the last name, as long as each
username is unique for the system. The username is case
sensitive and should not contain any spaces.</para>
enter to log in. A common convention is to use the first
letter of the first name combined with the last name, as
long as each username is unique for the system. The
username is case sensitive and should not contain any
spaces.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><literal>Full name</literal> - The user's full
name. This can contain spaces and is used as a
description for the user account.</para>
<para><literal>Full name</literal> - The user's full name.
This can contain spaces and is used as a description for
the user account.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -2382,9 +2383,9 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<listitem>
<para><literal>Shell</literal> - Type in one of the listed
values to set the interactive shell for
the user. Refer to <xref linkend="shells"/> for more
information about shells.</para>
values to set the interactive shell for the user. Refer
to <xref linkend="shells"/> for more information about
shells.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -2417,9 +2418,9 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><literal>Enter password</literal> - The
password for this user. Characters typed will not show on
the screen.</para>
<para><literal>Enter password</literal> - The password for
this user. Characters typed will not show on the
screen.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -2429,15 +2430,15 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
<listitem>
<para><literal>Lock out the account after
creation?</literal> - Typically
<literal>no</literal> so that the user can login.</para>
creation?</literal> - Typically <literal>no</literal> so
that the user can login.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>After entering everything, a summary is shown for review.
If a mistake was made, enter <literal>no</literal> and try again. If
everything is correct, enter <literal>yes</literal> to create
the new user.</para>
If a mistake was made, enter <literal>no</literal> and try
again. If everything is correct, enter <literal>yes</literal>
to create the new user.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-add-user3">
<title>Exit User and Group Management</title>
@ -2548,47 +2549,45 @@ Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
</figure>
<para>If further configuration or special setup is needed,
select <guibutton>[&nbsp;Live&nbsp;CD&nbsp;]</guibutton>
to boot the install media into Live <acronym>CD</acronym>
select <guibutton>[&nbsp;Live&nbsp;CD&nbsp;]</guibutton> to
boot the install media into Live <acronym>CD</acronym>
mode.</para>
<para>If the installation is complete, select
<guibutton>[&nbsp;Reboot&nbsp;]</guibutton> to reboot the
computer and start the new &os; system. Do not forget to
remove the &os; install media
or the computer may boot from it again.</para>
remove the &os; install media or the computer may boot from it
again.</para>
<para>As &os; boots, informational messages are
displayed.
After the system finishes booting, a login prompt is
displayed. At the <prompt>login:</prompt> prompt, enter the
username added during the installation.
Avoid logging in as <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem>. Refer to <xref
linkend="users-superuser"/> for instructions on how to
become the superuser when administrative access is
needed.</para>
<para>The messages that appeared during boot can be
reviewed by pressing <keycap>Scroll-Lock</keycap> to turn on
the scroll-back buffer. The
<keycap>PgUp</keycap>, <keycap>PgDn</keycap>, and arrow keys
can be used to scroll back through the messages. When finished, press
<keycap>Scroll-Lock</keycap> again to unlock the display and
return to the console. To review these messages once the
system has been up for some time, type
<command>less /var/run/dmesg.boot</command> from a command
prompt. Press <keycap>q</keycap> to return to the command
line after viewing.</para>
<para>As &os; boots, informational messages are displayed.
After the system finishes booting, a login prompt is
displayed. At the <prompt>login:</prompt> prompt, enter the
username added during the installation. Avoid logging in as
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. Refer to
<xref linkend="users-superuser"/> for instructions on how to
become the superuser when administrative access is
needed.</para>
<para>If <application>sshd</application> was enabled in <xref
linkend="bsdinstall-config-serv"/>, the first boot may be
a bit slower as the system will generate the <acronym>RSA</acronym> and
<acronym>DSA</acronym> keys. Subsequent boots will be
faster. The fingerprints of the keys will be displayed, as seen in
this example:</para>
<para>The messages that appeared during boot can be reviewed by
pressing <keycap>Scroll-Lock</keycap> to turn on the
scroll-back buffer. The <keycap>PgUp</keycap>,
<keycap>PgDn</keycap>, and arrow keys can be used to scroll
back through the messages. When finished, press
<keycap>Scroll-Lock</keycap> again to unlock the display and
return to the console. To review these messages once the
system has been up for some time, type <command>less
/var/run/dmesg.boot</command> from a command prompt. Press
<keycap>q</keycap> to return to the command line after
viewing.</para>
<screen>Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
<para>If <application>sshd</application> was enabled in <xref
linkend="bsdinstall-config-serv"/>, the first boot may be
a bit slower as the system will generate the
<acronym>RSA</acronym> and <acronym>DSA</acronym> keys.
Subsequent boots will be faster. The fingerprints of the keys
will be displayed, as seen in this example:</para>
<screen>Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
@ -2624,24 +2623,24 @@ The key's randomart image is:
+-----------------+
Starting sshd.</screen>
<para>Refer to <xref linkend="openssh"/> for more information
about fingerprints and <acronym>SSH</acronym>.</para>
<para>Refer to <xref linkend="openssh"/> for more information
about fingerprints and <acronym>SSH</acronym>.</para>
<para>&os; does not install a graphical environment by default.
Refer to <xref linkend="x11"/> for more
information about installing and configuring a graphical
window manager.</para>
<para>&os; does not install a graphical environment by default.
Refer to <xref linkend="x11"/> for more information about
installing and configuring a graphical window manager.</para>
<para>Proper shutdown of a &os; computer helps protect data and
hardware from damage. <emphasis>Do not turn off the power before
the system has been properly shut down!</emphasis> If the user is a
member of the <systemitem
hardware from damage. <emphasis>Do not turn off the power
before the system has been properly shut down!</emphasis> If
the user is a member of the <systemitem
class="groupname">wheel</systemitem> group, become the
superuser by typing <command>su</command> at the command line
and entering the <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> password. Then, type
<command>shutdown -p now</command> and the system will shut
down cleanly, and if the hardware supports it, turn itself off.</para>
down cleanly, and if the hardware supports it, turn itself
off.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@ -2656,90 +2655,88 @@ Starting sshd.</screen>
troubleshooting, such as common problems people have
reported.</para>
<para>Check the Hardware Notes (<link
xlink:href="&url.base;/releases/index.html">http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html</link>)
document for the version of &os; to make sure the hardware is
supported. If the hardware is supported and lock-ups or other
problems occur, build a custom kernel using the instructions
in <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/> to add support for devices
which are not present in the <filename>GENERIC</filename>
kernel. The default kernel assumes
that most hardware devices are in their factory default
configuration in terms of <acronym>IRQ</acronym>s,
<acronym>I/O</acronym> addresses, and <acronym>DMA</acronym>
channels. If the hardware has been reconfigured, a custom
kernel configuration file can tell &os; where to find
things.</para>
<para>Check the Hardware Notes (<link
xlink:href="&url.base;/releases/index.html">http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html</link>)
document for the version of &os; to make sure the hardware is
supported. If the hardware is supported and lock-ups or other
problems occur, build a custom kernel using the instructions in
<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/> to add support for devices which
are not present in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel. The
default kernel assumes that most hardware devices are in their
factory default configuration in terms of
<acronym>IRQ</acronym>s, <acronym>I/O</acronym> addresses, and
<acronym>DMA</acronym> channels. If the hardware has been
reconfigured, a custom kernel configuration file can tell &os;
where to find things.</para>
<note>
<para>Some installation problems can be avoided or alleviated
by updating the firmware on various hardware components,
most notably the motherboard. Motherboard firmware is
usually referred to as the <acronym>BIOS</acronym>. Most
motherboard and computer manufacturers have a website for
upgrades and upgrade information.</para>
<note>
<para>Some installation problems can be avoided or alleviated by
updating the firmware on various hardware components, most
notably the motherboard. Motherboard firmware is usually
referred to as the <acronym>BIOS</acronym>. Most motherboard
and computer manufacturers have a website for upgrades and
upgrade information.</para>
<para>Manufacturers generally advise against upgrading the
motherboard <acronym>BIOS</acronym> unless there is a good
reason for doing so, like a critical update. The upgrade
process <emphasis>can</emphasis> go wrong, leaving the
<acronym>BIOS</acronym> incomplete and the computer
inoperative.</para>
</note>
<para>Manufacturers generally advise against upgrading the
motherboard <acronym>BIOS</acronym> unless there is a good
reason for doing so, like a critical update. The upgrade
process <emphasis>can</emphasis> go wrong, leaving the
<acronym>BIOS</acronym> incomplete and the computer
inoperative.</para>
</note>
<para>If the system hangs while probing hardware during boot,
or it behaves strangely during install,
<acronym>ACPI</acronym> may be the culprit. &os; makes extensive use of the system
<acronym>ACPI</acronym> service on the &arch.i386;, &arch.amd64;, and
ia64 platforms to aid in system configuration if it is
detected during boot. Unfortunately, some bugs still
exist in both the <acronym>ACPI</acronym> driver and
within system motherboards and <acronym>BIOS</acronym>
firmware. <acronym>ACPI</acronym> can be disabled by
setting the <literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled</literal> hint
in the third stage boot loader:</para>
<para>If the system hangs while probing hardware during boot, or
it behaves strangely during install, <acronym>ACPI</acronym> may
be the culprit. &os; makes extensive use of the system
<acronym>ACPI</acronym> service on the &arch.i386;,
&arch.amd64;, and ia64 platforms to aid in system configuration
if it is detected during boot. Unfortunately, some bugs still
exist in both the <acronym>ACPI</acronym> driver and within
system motherboards and <acronym>BIOS</acronym> firmware.
<acronym>ACPI</acronym> can be disabled by setting the
<literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled</literal> hint in the third stage
boot loader:</para>
<screen><userinput>set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</userinput></screen>
<para>This is reset each time the system is booted, so it
is necessary to add
<literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</literal> to the file
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. More
information about the boot loader can be found in <xref
linkend="boot-synopsis"/>.</para>
<para>This is reset each time the system is booted, so it is
necessary to add <literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</literal> to
the file <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. More
information about the boot loader can be found in <xref
linkend="boot-synopsis"/>.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="using-live-cd">
<title>Using the Live <acronym>CD</acronym></title>
<para>The welcome menu of <application>sysinstall</application>, shown in <xref
linkend="bsdinstall-choose-mode"/>, provides a
<guibutton>[&nbsp;Live&nbsp;CD&nbsp;]</guibutton> option.
This is useful for those who are still wondering whether &os;
is the right operating system for them and want to test some of
the features before installing.</para>
<para>The welcome menu of <application>sysinstall</application>,
shown in <xref linkend="bsdinstall-choose-mode"/>, provides a
<guibutton>[&nbsp;Live&nbsp;CD&nbsp;]</guibutton> option. This
is useful for those who are still wondering whether &os; is the
right operating system for them and want to test some of the
features before installing.</para>
<para>The following points should be noted before using the
<guibutton>[&nbsp;Live&nbsp;CD&nbsp;]</guibutton>:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>To gain access to the system, authentication is
required. The username is <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> and the password is
blank.</para>
</listitem>
<para>The following points should be noted before using the
<guibutton>[&nbsp;Live&nbsp;CD&nbsp;]</guibutton>:</para>
<listitem>
<para>As the system runs directly from the installation
media, performance will be significantly
slower than that of a system installed on a hard
disk.</para>
</listitem>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>To gain access to the system, authentication is
required. The username is <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> and the password is
blank.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>This option only provides a command
prompt and not a graphical interface.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>As the system runs directly from the installation media,
performance will be significantly slower than that of a
system installed on a hard disk.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>This option only provides a command prompt and not a
graphical interface.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
</chapter>