diff --git a/en/handbook/README b/en/handbook/README index a34d7bf130..79875a6c00 100644 --- a/en/handbook/README +++ b/en/handbook/README @@ -328,3 +328,10 @@ for example, include a section number. No references to man.cgi now exist in handbook.sgml. + 30. Create two entities, prompt.root and prompt.user. Use these anywhere + the OS prompt is displayed, depending on whether the user should be + a normal user or root. + + Also markup other prompts (e.g., the DOS prompt C:\> that occurs in + some places) as s. + diff --git a/en/handbook/handbook.sgml b/en/handbook/handbook.sgml index f525f38301..92c056f5e5 100644 --- a/en/handbook/handbook.sgml +++ b/en/handbook/handbook.sgml @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ - +#"> +%"> +]> @@ -765,7 +768,7 @@ If you are using MS-DOS then download fdimage.exe or get it from tools\fdimage.exe on the CDROM and then run it like so: - E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp + E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp a: The fdimage program will format the A: drive and then copy the @@ -779,7 +782,7 @@ If you are using a UNIX system to create the floppy image: - % dd if=boot.flp + &prompt.root; dd if=boot.flp of=disk_device where disk_device is the /dev entry for the floppy drive. @@ -1490,7 +1493,7 @@ - fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 disklabel -w -r + &prompt.root; fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3 newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0 (Use "fd0.1200" and "floppy5" for 5.25" 1.2MB disks). @@ -1525,8 +1528,8 @@ suggest using the DOS xcopy command. For example, to prepare for a minimal installation of FreeBSD: - C> MD C:\FREEBSD C> XCOPY /S E:\BIN - C:\FREEBSD\BIN\ C> XCOPY /S E:\MANPAGES + C> MD C:\FREEBSD C> XCOPY /S E:\BIN + C:\FREEBSD\BIN\ C> XCOPY /S E:\MANPAGES C:\FREEBSD\MANPAGES\ assuming that C: is where you have free space and E: @@ -1548,7 +1551,7 @@ after getting all of the files for distribution you are interested in, simply tar them onto the tape with a command like: - cd /freebsd/distdir tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or + &prompt.root; cd /freebsd/distdir tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2 @@ -1897,7 +1900,7 @@ - mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d + &prompt.root; mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d @@ -1932,14 +1935,14 @@ command. Use of the man command is simple: - + &prompt.user; man command where command is the name of the command you wish to learn about. For example, to learn more about ls command type: - % man ls + &prompt.user; man ls @@ -1987,7 +1990,7 @@ remap=bf>man command which one you want by specifying the section: - % man 1 chmod + &prompt.user; man 1 chmod which will display the manual page for the user command chmod. References to a @@ -2004,7 +2007,7 @@ command descriptions by using the switch: - % man -k mail + &prompt.user; man -k mail With this command you will be presented with a list of commands that have the keyword mail in their descriptions. This is actually functionally equivalent to using the /usr/bin but do not even have the faintest idea what most of them actually do? Simply do a - % cd /usr/bin; man -f * + &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin; man -f * or - % cd /usr/bin; whatis * + &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin; whatis * which does the same thing. @@ -2036,7 +2039,7 @@ To use the info1 command, simply type: - % info + &prompt.user; info For a brief introduction, type h. For a quick command reference, type - # cd /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence # make install + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence &prompt.root; make install >> Checksum OK for ElectricFence-2.0.5.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for ElectricFence-2.0.5 ===> Patching for ElectricFence-2.0.5 ===> Applying FreeBSD patches for @@ -2196,7 +2199,7 @@ If you tried this yourself, you may well have got something like this at the start:- - # make install >> + &prompt.root; make install >> ElectricFence-2.0.5.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.doc.ic.ac.uk/Mirrors/sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/devel/lang/c/. @@ -2300,7 +2303,7 @@ do - # mkdir /usr/ports # cd /usr/ports # ln -s + &prompt.root; mkdir /usr/ports &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; ln -s /cdrom/ports/distfiles distfiles @@ -2313,8 +2316,8 @@ databases directory. Here is how to do it:- - # cd /usr/ports # mkdir databases # cp -R - /cdrom/ports/databases/gnats databases # cd databases/gnats # + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; mkdir databases &prompt.root; cp -R + /cdrom/ports/databases/gnats databases &prompt.root; cd databases/gnats &prompt.root; make install @@ -2322,8 +2325,8 @@ all the ones available in the Ports collection, do - # cd /usr/ports # cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases . # - cd databases # make install + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases . &prompt.root; + cd databases &prompt.root; make install (yes, that really is a dot on its own after the cp command and @@ -2377,13 +2380,13 @@ them in if you are trying this yourself!):- - # cd /usr/ports # mkdir databases # cd databases # + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; mkdir databases &prompt.root; cd databases &prompt.root; ftp ftp.freebsd.org [log in as `ftp' and give your email address when asked for a password. Remember to use binary (also known as image) mode!] > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/databases > get gnats.tar [tars up the gnats skeleton for us] > quit - # tar xf gnats.tar [extract the gnats skeleton] # - cd gnats # make install [build and install + &prompt.root; tar xf gnats.tar [extract the gnats skeleton] &prompt.root; + cd gnats &prompt.root; make install [build and install gnats] @@ -2406,12 +2409,12 @@ almost the same:- - # cd /usr/ports # ftp ftp.freebsd.org [log in as + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; ftp ftp.freebsd.org [log in as `ftp' and give your email address when asked for a password. Remember to use binary (also known as image) mode!] > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports > get databases.tar [tars up the - databases directory for us] > quit # tar xf databases.tar - [extract all the database skeletons] # cd databases # make + databases directory for us] > quit &prompt.root; tar xf databases.tar + [extract all the database skeletons] &prompt.root; cd databases &prompt.root; make install [build and install all the database ports] @@ -2730,10 +2733,11 @@ with the base FreeBSD system, like this:- - tar tvzf foobar.tar.gz # View - contents of foobar.tar.gz tar xzvf foobar.tar.gz - # Extract contents into the current directory tar tvf - foobar.tar # View contents of foobar.tar tar xvf + &prompt.user; tar tvzf foobar.tar.gz # View + contents of foobar.tar.gz &prompt.user; tar xzvf foobar.tar.gz + # Extract contents into the current directory &prompt.user; tar tvf + foobar.tar # View contents of foobar.tar + &prompt.user; tar xvf foobar.tar # Extract contents into the current directory @@ -3209,7 +3213,7 @@ copy the GENERIC configuration file to the name you want to give your kernel. For example: - # cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf # cp GENERIC MYKERNEL + &prompt.root; cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf &prompt.root; cp GENERIC MYKERNEL Traditionally, this name is in all capital letters and, if you are maintaining multiple FreeBSD machines with different hardware, it is a good idea to name it after your @@ -3254,8 +3258,8 @@ When you are finished, type the following to compile and install your kernel: - # /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL # cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL # - make depend # make # make install + &prompt.root; /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL &prompt.root; cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL &prompt.root; + make depend &prompt.root; make &prompt.root; make install The new kernel will be copied to the root directory as /kernel and the old kernel will be moved to /kernel.old. Now, shutdown the system @@ -4691,14 +4695,14 @@ device. It turns out that those files are not there, so I must change to the /dev directory and type: - # sh MAKEDEV wcd0 + &prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV wcd0 When this script finishes, you will find that there are now wcd0c and rwcd0c entries in /dev so you know that it executed correctly. For sound cards, the command: - # sh MAKEDEV snd0 + &prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd0 creates the appropriate entries. @@ -4797,13 +4801,13 @@ kernel file that make installs (in order to move another kernel back permanently) is: - # chflags noschg /kernel + &prompt.root; chflags noschg /kernel And, if you want to lock your new kernel into place, or any file for that matter, so that it cannot be moved or tampered with: - # chflags schg /kernel + &prompt.root; chflags schg /kernel @@ -4912,7 +4916,7 @@ - $ cd /usr/lib $ ls -l /usr/lib/libcrypt* lrwxr-xr-x 1 + &prompt.user; cd /usr/lib $ ls -l /usr/lib/libcrypt* lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 13 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.a -> libdescrypt.a lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 18 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.so.2.0 -> libdescrypt.so.2.0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 15 Sep 5 12:50 @@ -5016,7 +5020,7 @@ - $ keyinit Updating wollman: ) + &prompt.user; keyinit Updating wollman: ) these will not appear if you Old key: ha73895 ) have not used S/Key before Reminder - Only use this method if you are directly connected. If you are using telnet or @@ -5057,7 +5061,7 @@ - $ keyinit -s Updating wollman: Old key: kh94741 + &prompt.user; keyinit -s Updating wollman: Old key: kh94741 Reminder you need the 6 English words from the skey command. Enter sequence count from 1 to 9999: 100 ) I typed this Enter new key [default kh94742]: s/key 100 kh94742 @@ -5071,7 +5075,7 @@ - $ key 100 kh94742 Reminder - Do not use this program + &prompt.user; key 100 kh94742 Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. Enter secret password: ) I typed my secret password HULL NAY YANG TREE TOUT VETO @@ -5104,7 +5108,7 @@ - $ telnet himalia Trying 18.26.0.186... Connected to + &prompt.user; telnet himalia Trying 18.26.0.186... Connected to himalia.lcs.mit.edu. Escape character is '^]'. s/key 92 hi52030 Password: @@ -5141,7 +5145,7 @@ - $ key 92 hi52030 ) pasted from + &prompt.user; key 92 hi52030 ) pasted from previous section Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. Enter secret password: ) I typed my secret password ADEN BED WOLF HAW HOT @@ -5179,7 +5183,7 @@ - $ key -n 25 57 zz99999 Reminder - Do not use this + &prompt.user; key -n 25 57 zz99999 Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. Enter secret password: 33: WALT THY MALI DARN NIT HEAD 34: ASK RICE BEAU GINA DOUR STAG [...] 56: AMOS BOWL LUG FAT CAIN INCH 57: @@ -5291,7 +5295,7 @@ - grunt# cd /etc/kerberosIV grunt# ls README + &prompt.root; cd /etc/kerberosIV &prompt.root; ls README krb.conf krb.realms @@ -5312,7 +5316,7 @@ - grunt# cat krb.conf GRONDAR.ZA GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat krb.conf GRONDAR.ZA GRONDAR.ZA grunt.grondar.za admin server CS.BERKELEY.EDU okeeffe.berkeley.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos.mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-1.mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU @@ -5344,7 +5348,7 @@ - grunt# cat krb.realms grunt.grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat krb.realms grunt.grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA .grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA .berkeley.edu CS.BERKELEY.EDU .MIT.EDU ATHENA.MIT.EDU .mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU @@ -5364,7 +5368,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_init Realm name [default ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: + &prompt.root; kdb_init Realm name [default ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: GRONDAR.ZA You will be prompted for the database Master Password. It is important that you NOT FORGET this password. Enter Kerberos master key: @@ -5376,7 +5380,7 @@ - grunt# kstash Enter Kerberos master key: Current + &prompt.root; kstash Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! @@ -5406,7 +5410,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos + &prompt.root; kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Previous or default values are in [brackets] , enter return to leave the same, or new value. @@ -5444,7 +5448,7 @@ - grunt# ext_srvtab grunt Enter Kerberos master key: + &prompt.root; ext_srvtab grunt Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Generating 'grunt-new-srvtab'.... @@ -5457,7 +5461,7 @@ - grunt# mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab + &prompt.root; mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab @@ -5471,7 +5475,7 @@ - grumble# mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab grumble# chmod 600 + &prompt.root; mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab &prompt.root; chmod 600 srvtab @@ -5488,7 +5492,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos + &prompt.root; kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Previous or default values are in [brackets] , enter return to leave the same, or new value. @@ -5517,11 +5521,11 @@ - grunt# kerberos & grunt# Kerberos server starting + &prompt.root; kerberos & &prompt.root; Kerberos server starting Sleep forever on error Log file is /var/log/kerberos.log Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Current Kerberos master key version is 1 Local realm: - GRONDAR.ZA grunt# kadmind -n & grunt# KADM Server KADM0.0A + GRONDAR.ZA &prompt.root; kadmind -n & &prompt.root; KADM Server KADM0.0A initializing Please do not use 'kill -9' to kill this job, use a regular kill instead Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! @@ -5534,7 +5538,7 @@ - grunt$ kinit jane MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) + &prompt.user; kinit jane MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) Kerberos Initialization for "jane" Password: @@ -5543,7 +5547,7 @@ - grunt$ klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt245 Principal: + &prompt.user; klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt245 Principal: jane@GRONDAR.ZA Issued Expires Principal Apr 30 11:23:22 Apr 30 19:23:22 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5555,7 +5559,7 @@ - grunt$ passwd realm GRONDAR.ZA Old password for jane: + &prompt.user; passwd realm GRONDAR.ZA Old password for jane: New Password for jane: Verifying password New Password for jane: Password changed. @@ -5578,7 +5582,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos + &prompt.root; kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Previous or default values are in [brackets] , enter return to leave the same, or new value. @@ -5598,7 +5602,7 @@ - grunt# kinit jane.root MIT Project Athena + &prompt.root; kinit jane.root MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) Kerberos Initialization for "jane.root" Password: @@ -5610,7 +5614,7 @@ - grunt# cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5618,7 +5622,7 @@ - [jane@grunt 10407] su Password: grunt# + &prompt.user; su Password: &prompt.root; @@ -5627,7 +5631,7 @@ - grunt# klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt_root_245 Principal: + &prompt.root; klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt_root_245 Principal: jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA Issued Expires Principal May 2 20:43:12 May 3 04:43:12 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5652,7 +5656,7 @@ - grunt# cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5661,7 +5665,7 @@ - [jane@grunt 10543] cat ~/.klogin jane@GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.user;cat ~/.klogin jane@GRONDAR.ZA jack@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5680,13 +5684,13 @@ - [jane@grumble 573] kinit MIT Project Athena - (grunt.grondar.za) Password: [jane@grumble 574] rlogin grunt + &prompt.user; kinit MIT Project Athena + (grunt.grondar.za) Password: %prompt.user; rlogin grunt Last login: Mon May 1 21:14:47 from grumble Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - [jane@grunt 10567] + &prompt.user; @@ -5697,7 +5701,7 @@ - [jack@grumble 573] kinit [jack@grumble 574] rlogin grunt + &prompt.user; kinit &prompt.user; rlogin grunt -l jane MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) Password: Last login: Mon May 1 21:16:55 from grumble Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the @@ -5911,7 +5915,7 @@ - ipfw zero 4500 + &prompt.root; ipfw zero 4500 @@ -5961,7 +5965,6 @@ protocol addresses options - @@ -6256,7 +6259,7 @@ -a -t -N - l + l @@ -6317,7 +6320,7 @@ ipfw zero - index + index @@ -6429,7 +6432,7 @@ - # ipfw list + &prompt.root; ipfw list @@ -6941,7 +6944,7 @@ To find out if the kernel you are currently using supports a serial interface, type - dmesg | grep + &prompt.root; dmesg | grep sioN where N is the number of the serial port, starting from zero. If you see @@ -6954,7 +6957,7 @@ To find out if the kernel supports a parallel interface, type - dmesg | grep + &prompt.root; dmesg | grep lptN where N is the number of the parallel port, starting from zero. If you see @@ -6998,7 +7001,7 @@ Change to the /dev directory: - cd /dev + &prompt.root; cd /dev @@ -7007,7 +7010,7 @@ Type - ./MAKEDEV + &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV port where port is the device entry for the port you want to make. Use lpt0 for the first parallel port, @@ -7021,7 +7024,7 @@ Type - ls -l port + &prompt.root; ls -l port to make sure the device entry got created. @@ -7127,7 +7130,7 @@ Type - lptcontrol -i -u + &prompt.root; lptcontrol -i -u N to set interrupt-driven mode for lptN. @@ -7137,7 +7140,7 @@ Type - lptcontrol -p -u + &prompt.root; lptcontrol -p -u N to set polled-mode for lptN. @@ -7208,7 +7211,7 @@ use lptest. Type: - lptest > + &prompt.root; lptest > /dev/lptN where N is the number of the parallel port, starting from zero. @@ -7220,7 +7223,7 @@ other printer language, then send a small program to the printer. Type - cat > + &prompt.root; cat > /dev/lptN Then, line by line, type the program carefully as you @@ -7234,7 +7237,7 @@ Alternatively, you can put the program in a file and type - cat + &prompt.root; cat file > /dev/lptN where file is the name of the @@ -7298,7 +7301,7 @@ Connect to the printer with tip. Type: - tip printer + &prompt.root; tip printer If this step does not work, edit the file /etc/remote again and try using @@ -7315,7 +7318,7 @@ use lptest. Type: - ~$lptest + &prompt.user; lptest @@ -7564,7 +7567,7 @@ It is also customary to make the directory with a name that is identical to the name of the printer, as shown below: - mkdir + &prompt.root; mkdir /var/spool/printer-name However, if you have a lot of printers on your network, you might want to put the spooling directories @@ -7572,7 +7575,7 @@ with LPD. We will do this for our two example printers rattan and bamboo: - mkdir /var/spool/lpd mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan + &prompt.root; mkdir /var/spool/lpd mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan mkdir /var/spool/lpd/bamboo @@ -7587,7 +7590,7 @@ - chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan chown + &prompt.root; chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/bamboo chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/bamboo @@ -7816,7 +7819,7 @@ 2 Make the file executable: - chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple + &prompt.root; chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple @@ -7863,7 +7866,7 @@ Type: - lptest 20 5 | lpr + &prompt.root; lptest 20 5 | lpr -Pprinter-name where printer-name is a the name of a printer @@ -8266,15 +8269,15 @@ data to print from standard input. For example, this command prints some important system files: - lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv + &prompt.user; lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv To select a specific printer, type - lpr -P printer-name + &prompt.user; lpr -P printer-name filename... This example prints a long listing of the current directory to the printer named rattan: - ls -l | lpr -P rattan + &prompt.user; ls -l | lpr -P rattan Because no files were listed for the lpr @@ -8311,7 +8314,7 @@ specific printer, use the option. For example, the command - lpq -P bamboo + &prompt.user; lpq -P bamboo shows the queue for the printer named bamboo. Here is an example of the output of the lpq command: @@ -8386,13 +8389,13 @@ lpq to find the job number. Then type - lprm + &prompt.user; lprm job-number To remove the job from a specific printer, add the option. The following command removes job number 10 from the queue for the printer bamboo: - lprm -P bamboo 10 + &prompt.user; lprm -P bamboo 10 The lprm command has a few shortcuts: @@ -8435,7 +8438,7 @@ - lprm -P rattan - + &prompt.user; lprm -P rattan - @@ -8449,12 +8452,12 @@ were submitted, even if the same printer is available from other hosts. The following command sequence demonstrates this: - rose% lpr -P rattan myfile rose% rlogin orchid - orchid% lpq -P rattan Rank Owner Job Files Total + &prompt.user; lpr -P rattan myfile &prompt.user; rlogin orchid + &prompt.user; lpq -P rattan Rank Owner Job Files Total Size active seeyan 12 ... 49123 bytes 2nd kelly - 13 myfile 12 bytes orchid% lprm -P rattan 13 rose: - Permission denied orchid% logout rose% lprm -P rattan 13 - dfA013rose dequeued cfA013rose dequeued rose% + 13 myfile 12 bytes &prompt.user; lprm -P rattan 13 rose: + Permission denied &prompt.user; logout &prompt.user; lprm -P rattan 13 + dfA013rose dequeued cfA013rose dequeued &prompt.user; @@ -8490,7 +8493,7 @@ fish-report.dvi to the printer named bamboo: - lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi These options apply to every file in the job, so you cannot mix (say) DVI and ditroff files together in a job. Instead, submit the files as separate jobs, using a different @@ -8610,7 +8613,7 @@ ls manual page on the default printer: - zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr + &prompt.user; zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t The zcat @@ -8658,7 +8661,7 @@ parser.c followed by three copies of parser.h to the default printer: - lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h + &prompt.user; lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h @@ -9472,14 +9475,15 @@ directly until we convert the DVI file into PostScript. The command sequence goes like this: - dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi lpr + &prompt.user; dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr seaweed-analysis.ps By installing a conversion filter for DVI files, we can skip the hand conversion step each time by having LPD do it for us. Now, each time we get a DVI file, we are just one step away from printing it: - lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi We got LPD to do the DVI file conversion for us by specifying the option. Section Then, we just need to make spooling directories on orchid: - mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo - chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo chown + &prompt.root; mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo + &prompt.root; chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan + /var/spool/lpd/bamboo &prompt.root; chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo @@ -10360,7 +10365,7 @@ Now, users on orchid can print to rattan and bamboo. If, for example, a user on orchid typed - lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi the LPD system on orchid would copy the job to the spooling directory /var/spool/lpd/bamboo and note that it was @@ -10516,7 +10521,7 @@ multiple times, or from submitting the same file multiple times in one job like this: - lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign + &prompt.user; lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign There are many ways to prevent this abuse (including ignoring it) which you are free to explore. @@ -10709,7 +10714,7 @@ the amount of free disk space that must exist on the filesystem for LPD to accept remote jobs: - echo 6144 > + &prompt.root; echo 6144 > /var/spool/lpd/bamboo/minfree @@ -10977,7 +10982,7 @@ option are in dollars, though, not hundredths of cents. For example, - pac -p1.50 + &prompt.root; pac -p1.50 makes each page cost one dollar and fifty cents. You can really rake in the profits by using this option. @@ -13223,10 +13228,10 @@ using the /dev/MAKEDEV script. After becoming root: - # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV tty1 # ./MAKEDEV cua1 + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV tty1 &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV cua1 (everything in between) # ./MAKEDEV ttyg # ./MAKEDEV +
--> &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV ttyg &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV cuag If you do not want or need callout devices for some reason, you can dispense with making @@ -13291,7 +13296,7 @@ assumes an 8-port board): - # cd /dev # for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do ./MAKEDEV cuac$i ttyc$i;done @@ -16803,7 +16808,7 @@ How to do it with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> If you use pw8 for adding new users, - call it in this form: # pw useradd user_name -L + call it in this form: &prompt.root; pw useradd user_name -L russian @@ -16918,7 +16923,7 @@ Go to /usr/ports/russian/X.language - directory and say # make all + directory and say &prompt.root; make all install there. This port install latest version of KOI8-R fonts. XFree86 3.3 already have some KOI8-R fonts, but this ones scaled better. @@ -17617,7 +17622,7 @@ So, after you have saved your changes to /etc/ttys, send SIGHUP to init by typing: - kill -HUP 1 + &prompt.root; kill -HUP 1 (The init process always has process ID 1.) @@ -17658,7 +17663,7 @@ Make sure that a getty process is running and serving the terminal. Type - ps -axww|grep getty + &prompt.root; ps -axww|grep getty to get a list of running getty processes. You should see an entry for the terminal. For example, the display @@ -18000,7 +18005,7 @@ - /sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio' + &prompt.root; /sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio' @@ -18359,7 +18364,7 @@ - kill -1 1 + &prompt.root; kill -1 1 @@ -19249,7 +19254,7 @@ - # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV tun0 + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV tun0 @@ -19258,7 +19263,7 @@ - # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV tun15 + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV tun15 @@ -19267,7 +19272,7 @@ - $ ifconfig tun0 tun0: + &prompt.root; ifconfig tun0 tun0: flags=8050<POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 $ @@ -19787,7 +19792,7 @@ - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell + &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup @@ -19834,8 +19839,8 @@ - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred # ln - -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam # ln -s + &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred &prompt.root; ln + -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary @@ -20225,7 +20230,7 @@ - # /usr/sbin/sendmail -q + &prompt.root; /usr/sbin/sendmail -q @@ -20250,7 +20255,7 @@ - # ppp + &prompt.root; ppp @@ -20261,7 +20266,7 @@ - # ppp -auto provider + &prompt.root; ppp -auto provider @@ -22036,14 +22041,14 @@ /swapfs/swap.X.X.X.X where X.X.X.X is the client's IP addr, eg: - # dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 bs=1k + &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 bs=1k count=20000 Also, the client's swap space might contain sensitive information once swapping starts, so make sure to restrict read and write access to this file to prevent unauthorized access: - # chmod 0600 /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 + &prompt.root; chmod 0600 /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 @@ -22553,8 +22558,8 @@ the DNS MX entry points to your host address, or there is no MX entry for your DNS name. - Try this newbsdbox# hostname - newbsdbox.freebsd.org newbsdbox# host newbsdbox.freebsd.org + Try this &prompt.root; hostname + newbsdbox.freebsd.org &prompt.root; host newbsdbox.freebsd.org newbsdbox.freebsd.org has address 204.216.27.xx @@ -22563,7 +22568,7 @@ remap=bf>root@newbsdbox.freebsd.org will work no problems. - If instead, you have this newbsdbox# host + If instead, you have this &prompt.root; host newbsdbox.freebsd.org newbsdbox.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.xx newbsdbox.FreeBSD.org mail is handled (pri=10) by freefall.FreeBSD.org All mail sent to your host @@ -22805,12 +22810,12 @@ mode by typing Control-D. - j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt ADDRESS TEST MODE + &prompt.user; sendmail -bt ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) Enter <ruleset> <address> > 0 foo@interface-business.de rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de ... rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ < @ - interface-business . de > > ^D j@uriah 192% + interface-business . de > > ^D &prompt.user; @@ -23500,7 +23505,8 @@ To apply the deltas, simply say: - cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff ctm -v -v + &prompt.root; cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff + &prompt.root; ctm -v -v /where/you/store/your/deltas/src-xxx.* @@ -23601,7 +23607,8 @@ lib/libc/Makefile from your collection of saved CTM deltas, run the commands: - cd /where/ever/you/want/to/extract/it/ ctm -e + &prompt.root; cd /where/ever/you/want/to/extract/it/ + &prompt.root; ctm -e '^lib/libc/Makefile' ~ctm/src-xxx.* @@ -25751,10 +25758,10 @@ the diff1 command, with the `context diff' form being preferred. For example: - diff -c oldfile newfile + &prompt.user; diff -c oldfile newfile or - diff -c -r olddir newdir + &prompt.user; diff -c -r olddir newdir would generate such a set of context diffs for the given source file or directory hierarchy. See the man page for diff1 for more details. @@ -26953,7 +26960,7 @@ - % install-info --help install-info [OPTION]... + &prompt.user; install-info --help install-info [OPTION]... [INFO-FILE [DIR-FILE]] Install INFO-FILE in the Info directory file DIR-FILE. Options: --delete Delete existing entries in INFO-FILE; don't insert any new entries. @@ -30683,9 +30690,9 @@ single user state using the flag at the boot prompt, and then perform the following steps: - fsck -p mount -a -t ufs # so your file system for - /var/crash is writable savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash - exit # ...to multi-user + &prompt.root; fsck -p mount -a -t ufs # so your file system for + /var/crash is writable &prompt.root; savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash + &prompt.root; exit # ...to multi-user This instructs savecore8 to use another kernel for symbol name extraction. It would otherwise default to the currently running kernel and most likely not do @@ -31091,7 +31098,7 @@ serial line of the debugging host. Now, on the debugging machine, go to the compile directory of the target kernel, and start gdb: - % gdb -k kernel GDB is free software and you are welcome + &prompt.user; gdb -k kernel GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details. GDB 4.16 @@ -31140,7 +31147,7 @@ Remote GDB can also be used to debug LKMs. First build the LKM with debugging symbols: - # cd /usr/src/lkm/linux # make clean; make + &prompt.root; cd /usr/src/lkm/linux &prompt.root; make clean; make COPTS=-g @@ -31149,7 +31156,7 @@ load it and use modstat to find out where it was loaded: - # linux # modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info + &prompt.root; linux &prompt.root; modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name EXEC 0 4 f5109000 001c f510f010 1 linux_mod @@ -31264,18 +31271,18 @@ loadable module can cause the kernel to crash, so the safest thing to do is to reinstall the LKM when you install the kernel. - % cd /usr/src/lkm/linux % make all install + &prompt.root; cd /usr/src/lkm/linux &prompt.root; make all install Once you have installed the kernel and the LKM, you can invoke `linux' as root to load the LKM. - % linux Linux emulator installed Module loaded as ID 0 - % + &prompt.root; linux Linux emulator installed Module loaded as ID 0 + &prompt.root; To see whether the LKM is loaded, run `modstat'. - % modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev + &prompt.user; modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name EXEC 0 3 f0baf000 0018 f0bb4000 1 - linux_emulator % + linux_emulator &prompt.user; You can cause the LKM to be loaded when the system boots in either of two ways. In FreeBSD 2.2.1-RELEASE and 2.1-STABLE enable it in /etc/sysconfig @@ -31327,9 +31334,9 @@ If you want to verify it is running, modstat will do that: - % modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev + &prompt.user; modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name EXEC 0 4 f09e6000 001c f09ec010 1 - linux_mod % + linux_mod &prompt.user; However, there have been reports that this fails on some 2.2-RELEASE and later systems. If for some reason you cannot load the linux LKM, then statically link the emulator @@ -31355,7 +31362,7 @@ possible to do this by hand, however, it is vastly simpler to just grab the linux_lib port: - % cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib % make all + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib &prompt.root; make all install @@ -31423,7 +31430,7 @@ - % ldd linuxxdoom libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => + &prompt.user; ldd linuxxdoom libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0 libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0 libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 @@ -31555,7 +31562,7 @@ Those running FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE should run the Linux ldconfig program. - % cd /compat/linux/lib % /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig + &prompt.root cd /compat/linux/lib &prompt.root; /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig @@ -31577,7 +31584,7 @@ itself. Supposing that you have it installed as ldd-linux, it should produce something like: - % ldd-linux `which ldd-linux` libc.so.4 (DLL Jump + &prompt.root; ldd-linux `which ldd-linux` libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 @@ -31792,7 +31799,7 @@ example, unpack this into /usr/local/Mathematica: - % cd /usr/local % mkdir Mathematica % cd Mathematica % + &prompt.root; cd /usr/local &prompt.root; mkdir Mathematica &prompt.root; cd Mathematica &prompt.root; tar -xvf /cdrom/LINUX.TAR @@ -31810,9 +31817,9 @@ libraries and unpacked the mathematica you can obtain the `machine ID' by running the program `mathinfo' in the Install directory. - % cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install % mathinfo LINUX: + &prompt.root; cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install &prompt.root; mathinfo LINUX: 'ioctl' fd=5, typ=0x89(), num=0x27 not implemented - richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu 9845-03452-90255 % + richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu 9845-03452-90255 &prompt.root; So, for example, the `machine ID' of `richc' is `9845-03452-90255'. You can ignore the message about the ioctl that is not implemented. It will not prevent Mathematica from @@ -31827,7 +31834,7 @@ You can do this by invoking: - % cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install % + &prompt.root; cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install &prompt.root; math.install It will ask you to enter your license number and the Wolfram supplied password. If you get them mixed up or @@ -34812,7 +34819,7 @@ In the body of your message. For example, to subscribe yourself to freebsd-announce, you'd do: - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce + &prompt.user; mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce ^D If you want to subscribe yourself under a different name, or submit a subscription request for a local @@ -34820,7 +34827,7 @@ interested parties at one site, and highly appreciated by us!), you would do something like: - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce + &prompt.user; mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce local-announce@somesite.com ^D Finally, it is also possible to unsubscribe yourself from a list, get a list of other list members or see the @@ -34828,7 +34835,7 @@ messages to majordomo. For a complete list of available commands, do this: - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG help ^D + &prompt.user; mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG help ^D Again, we would like to request that you keep discussion in the technical mailing lists on a technical track. If you are only interested in the high points then it is diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml index f525f38301..92c056f5e5 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ - +#"> +%"> +]> @@ -765,7 +768,7 @@ If you are using MS-DOS then download fdimage.exe or get it from tools\fdimage.exe on the CDROM and then run it like so: - E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp + E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp a: The fdimage program will format the A: drive and then copy the @@ -779,7 +782,7 @@ If you are using a UNIX system to create the floppy image: - % dd if=boot.flp + &prompt.root; dd if=boot.flp of=disk_device where disk_device is the /dev entry for the floppy drive. @@ -1490,7 +1493,7 @@ - fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 disklabel -w -r + &prompt.root; fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3 newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0 (Use "fd0.1200" and "floppy5" for 5.25" 1.2MB disks). @@ -1525,8 +1528,8 @@ suggest using the DOS xcopy command. For example, to prepare for a minimal installation of FreeBSD: - C> MD C:\FREEBSD C> XCOPY /S E:\BIN - C:\FREEBSD\BIN\ C> XCOPY /S E:\MANPAGES + C> MD C:\FREEBSD C> XCOPY /S E:\BIN + C:\FREEBSD\BIN\ C> XCOPY /S E:\MANPAGES C:\FREEBSD\MANPAGES\ assuming that C: is where you have free space and E: @@ -1548,7 +1551,7 @@ after getting all of the files for distribution you are interested in, simply tar them onto the tape with a command like: - cd /freebsd/distdir tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or + &prompt.root; cd /freebsd/distdir tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2 @@ -1897,7 +1900,7 @@ - mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d + &prompt.root; mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d @@ -1932,14 +1935,14 @@ command. Use of the man command is simple: - + &prompt.user; man command where command is the name of the command you wish to learn about. For example, to learn more about ls command type: - % man ls + &prompt.user; man ls @@ -1987,7 +1990,7 @@ remap=bf>man command which one you want by specifying the section: - % man 1 chmod + &prompt.user; man 1 chmod which will display the manual page for the user command chmod. References to a @@ -2004,7 +2007,7 @@ command descriptions by using the switch: - % man -k mail + &prompt.user; man -k mail With this command you will be presented with a list of commands that have the keyword mail in their descriptions. This is actually functionally equivalent to using the /usr/bin but do not even have the faintest idea what most of them actually do? Simply do a - % cd /usr/bin; man -f * + &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin; man -f * or - % cd /usr/bin; whatis * + &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin; whatis * which does the same thing. @@ -2036,7 +2039,7 @@ To use the info1 command, simply type: - % info + &prompt.user; info For a brief introduction, type h. For a quick command reference, type - # cd /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence # make install + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence &prompt.root; make install >> Checksum OK for ElectricFence-2.0.5.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for ElectricFence-2.0.5 ===> Patching for ElectricFence-2.0.5 ===> Applying FreeBSD patches for @@ -2196,7 +2199,7 @@ If you tried this yourself, you may well have got something like this at the start:- - # make install >> + &prompt.root; make install >> ElectricFence-2.0.5.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.doc.ic.ac.uk/Mirrors/sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/devel/lang/c/. @@ -2300,7 +2303,7 @@ do - # mkdir /usr/ports # cd /usr/ports # ln -s + &prompt.root; mkdir /usr/ports &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; ln -s /cdrom/ports/distfiles distfiles @@ -2313,8 +2316,8 @@ databases directory. Here is how to do it:- - # cd /usr/ports # mkdir databases # cp -R - /cdrom/ports/databases/gnats databases # cd databases/gnats # + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; mkdir databases &prompt.root; cp -R + /cdrom/ports/databases/gnats databases &prompt.root; cd databases/gnats &prompt.root; make install @@ -2322,8 +2325,8 @@ all the ones available in the Ports collection, do - # cd /usr/ports # cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases . # - cd databases # make install + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases . &prompt.root; + cd databases &prompt.root; make install (yes, that really is a dot on its own after the cp command and @@ -2377,13 +2380,13 @@ them in if you are trying this yourself!):- - # cd /usr/ports # mkdir databases # cd databases # + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; mkdir databases &prompt.root; cd databases &prompt.root; ftp ftp.freebsd.org [log in as `ftp' and give your email address when asked for a password. Remember to use binary (also known as image) mode!] > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/databases > get gnats.tar [tars up the gnats skeleton for us] > quit - # tar xf gnats.tar [extract the gnats skeleton] # - cd gnats # make install [build and install + &prompt.root; tar xf gnats.tar [extract the gnats skeleton] &prompt.root; + cd gnats &prompt.root; make install [build and install gnats] @@ -2406,12 +2409,12 @@ almost the same:- - # cd /usr/ports # ftp ftp.freebsd.org [log in as + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; ftp ftp.freebsd.org [log in as `ftp' and give your email address when asked for a password. Remember to use binary (also known as image) mode!] > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports > get databases.tar [tars up the - databases directory for us] > quit # tar xf databases.tar - [extract all the database skeletons] # cd databases # make + databases directory for us] > quit &prompt.root; tar xf databases.tar + [extract all the database skeletons] &prompt.root; cd databases &prompt.root; make install [build and install all the database ports] @@ -2730,10 +2733,11 @@ with the base FreeBSD system, like this:- - tar tvzf foobar.tar.gz # View - contents of foobar.tar.gz tar xzvf foobar.tar.gz - # Extract contents into the current directory tar tvf - foobar.tar # View contents of foobar.tar tar xvf + &prompt.user; tar tvzf foobar.tar.gz # View + contents of foobar.tar.gz &prompt.user; tar xzvf foobar.tar.gz + # Extract contents into the current directory &prompt.user; tar tvf + foobar.tar # View contents of foobar.tar + &prompt.user; tar xvf foobar.tar # Extract contents into the current directory @@ -3209,7 +3213,7 @@ copy the GENERIC configuration file to the name you want to give your kernel. For example: - # cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf # cp GENERIC MYKERNEL + &prompt.root; cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf &prompt.root; cp GENERIC MYKERNEL Traditionally, this name is in all capital letters and, if you are maintaining multiple FreeBSD machines with different hardware, it is a good idea to name it after your @@ -3254,8 +3258,8 @@ When you are finished, type the following to compile and install your kernel: - # /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL # cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL # - make depend # make # make install + &prompt.root; /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL &prompt.root; cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL &prompt.root; + make depend &prompt.root; make &prompt.root; make install The new kernel will be copied to the root directory as /kernel and the old kernel will be moved to /kernel.old. Now, shutdown the system @@ -4691,14 +4695,14 @@ device. It turns out that those files are not there, so I must change to the /dev directory and type: - # sh MAKEDEV wcd0 + &prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV wcd0 When this script finishes, you will find that there are now wcd0c and rwcd0c entries in /dev so you know that it executed correctly. For sound cards, the command: - # sh MAKEDEV snd0 + &prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd0 creates the appropriate entries. @@ -4797,13 +4801,13 @@ kernel file that make installs (in order to move another kernel back permanently) is: - # chflags noschg /kernel + &prompt.root; chflags noschg /kernel And, if you want to lock your new kernel into place, or any file for that matter, so that it cannot be moved or tampered with: - # chflags schg /kernel + &prompt.root; chflags schg /kernel @@ -4912,7 +4916,7 @@ - $ cd /usr/lib $ ls -l /usr/lib/libcrypt* lrwxr-xr-x 1 + &prompt.user; cd /usr/lib $ ls -l /usr/lib/libcrypt* lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 13 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.a -> libdescrypt.a lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 18 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.so.2.0 -> libdescrypt.so.2.0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 15 Sep 5 12:50 @@ -5016,7 +5020,7 @@ - $ keyinit Updating wollman: ) + &prompt.user; keyinit Updating wollman: ) these will not appear if you Old key: ha73895 ) have not used S/Key before Reminder - Only use this method if you are directly connected. If you are using telnet or @@ -5057,7 +5061,7 @@ - $ keyinit -s Updating wollman: Old key: kh94741 + &prompt.user; keyinit -s Updating wollman: Old key: kh94741 Reminder you need the 6 English words from the skey command. Enter sequence count from 1 to 9999: 100 ) I typed this Enter new key [default kh94742]: s/key 100 kh94742 @@ -5071,7 +5075,7 @@ - $ key 100 kh94742 Reminder - Do not use this program + &prompt.user; key 100 kh94742 Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. Enter secret password: ) I typed my secret password HULL NAY YANG TREE TOUT VETO @@ -5104,7 +5108,7 @@ - $ telnet himalia Trying 18.26.0.186... Connected to + &prompt.user; telnet himalia Trying 18.26.0.186... Connected to himalia.lcs.mit.edu. Escape character is '^]'. s/key 92 hi52030 Password: @@ -5141,7 +5145,7 @@ - $ key 92 hi52030 ) pasted from + &prompt.user; key 92 hi52030 ) pasted from previous section Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. Enter secret password: ) I typed my secret password ADEN BED WOLF HAW HOT @@ -5179,7 +5183,7 @@ - $ key -n 25 57 zz99999 Reminder - Do not use this + &prompt.user; key -n 25 57 zz99999 Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. Enter secret password: 33: WALT THY MALI DARN NIT HEAD 34: ASK RICE BEAU GINA DOUR STAG [...] 56: AMOS BOWL LUG FAT CAIN INCH 57: @@ -5291,7 +5295,7 @@ - grunt# cd /etc/kerberosIV grunt# ls README + &prompt.root; cd /etc/kerberosIV &prompt.root; ls README krb.conf krb.realms @@ -5312,7 +5316,7 @@ - grunt# cat krb.conf GRONDAR.ZA GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat krb.conf GRONDAR.ZA GRONDAR.ZA grunt.grondar.za admin server CS.BERKELEY.EDU okeeffe.berkeley.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos.mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-1.mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU @@ -5344,7 +5348,7 @@ - grunt# cat krb.realms grunt.grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat krb.realms grunt.grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA .grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA .berkeley.edu CS.BERKELEY.EDU .MIT.EDU ATHENA.MIT.EDU .mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU @@ -5364,7 +5368,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_init Realm name [default ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: + &prompt.root; kdb_init Realm name [default ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: GRONDAR.ZA You will be prompted for the database Master Password. It is important that you NOT FORGET this password. Enter Kerberos master key: @@ -5376,7 +5380,7 @@ - grunt# kstash Enter Kerberos master key: Current + &prompt.root; kstash Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! @@ -5406,7 +5410,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos + &prompt.root; kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Previous or default values are in [brackets] , enter return to leave the same, or new value. @@ -5444,7 +5448,7 @@ - grunt# ext_srvtab grunt Enter Kerberos master key: + &prompt.root; ext_srvtab grunt Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Generating 'grunt-new-srvtab'.... @@ -5457,7 +5461,7 @@ - grunt# mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab + &prompt.root; mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab @@ -5471,7 +5475,7 @@ - grumble# mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab grumble# chmod 600 + &prompt.root; mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab &prompt.root; chmod 600 srvtab @@ -5488,7 +5492,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos + &prompt.root; kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Previous or default values are in [brackets] , enter return to leave the same, or new value. @@ -5517,11 +5521,11 @@ - grunt# kerberos & grunt# Kerberos server starting + &prompt.root; kerberos & &prompt.root; Kerberos server starting Sleep forever on error Log file is /var/log/kerberos.log Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Current Kerberos master key version is 1 Local realm: - GRONDAR.ZA grunt# kadmind -n & grunt# KADM Server KADM0.0A + GRONDAR.ZA &prompt.root; kadmind -n & &prompt.root; KADM Server KADM0.0A initializing Please do not use 'kill -9' to kill this job, use a regular kill instead Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! @@ -5534,7 +5538,7 @@ - grunt$ kinit jane MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) + &prompt.user; kinit jane MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) Kerberos Initialization for "jane" Password: @@ -5543,7 +5547,7 @@ - grunt$ klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt245 Principal: + &prompt.user; klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt245 Principal: jane@GRONDAR.ZA Issued Expires Principal Apr 30 11:23:22 Apr 30 19:23:22 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5555,7 +5559,7 @@ - grunt$ passwd realm GRONDAR.ZA Old password for jane: + &prompt.user; passwd realm GRONDAR.ZA Old password for jane: New Password for jane: Verifying password New Password for jane: Password changed. @@ -5578,7 +5582,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos + &prompt.root; kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Previous or default values are in [brackets] , enter return to leave the same, or new value. @@ -5598,7 +5602,7 @@ - grunt# kinit jane.root MIT Project Athena + &prompt.root; kinit jane.root MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) Kerberos Initialization for "jane.root" Password: @@ -5610,7 +5614,7 @@ - grunt# cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5618,7 +5622,7 @@ - [jane@grunt 10407] su Password: grunt# + &prompt.user; su Password: &prompt.root; @@ -5627,7 +5631,7 @@ - grunt# klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt_root_245 Principal: + &prompt.root; klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt_root_245 Principal: jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA Issued Expires Principal May 2 20:43:12 May 3 04:43:12 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5652,7 +5656,7 @@ - grunt# cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5661,7 +5665,7 @@ - [jane@grunt 10543] cat ~/.klogin jane@GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.user;cat ~/.klogin jane@GRONDAR.ZA jack@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5680,13 +5684,13 @@ - [jane@grumble 573] kinit MIT Project Athena - (grunt.grondar.za) Password: [jane@grumble 574] rlogin grunt + &prompt.user; kinit MIT Project Athena + (grunt.grondar.za) Password: %prompt.user; rlogin grunt Last login: Mon May 1 21:14:47 from grumble Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - [jane@grunt 10567] + &prompt.user; @@ -5697,7 +5701,7 @@ - [jack@grumble 573] kinit [jack@grumble 574] rlogin grunt + &prompt.user; kinit &prompt.user; rlogin grunt -l jane MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) Password: Last login: Mon May 1 21:16:55 from grumble Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the @@ -5911,7 +5915,7 @@ - ipfw zero 4500 + &prompt.root; ipfw zero 4500 @@ -5961,7 +5965,6 @@ protocol addresses options - @@ -6256,7 +6259,7 @@ -a -t -N - l + l @@ -6317,7 +6320,7 @@ ipfw zero - index + index @@ -6429,7 +6432,7 @@ - # ipfw list + &prompt.root; ipfw list @@ -6941,7 +6944,7 @@ To find out if the kernel you are currently using supports a serial interface, type - dmesg | grep + &prompt.root; dmesg | grep sioN where N is the number of the serial port, starting from zero. If you see @@ -6954,7 +6957,7 @@ To find out if the kernel supports a parallel interface, type - dmesg | grep + &prompt.root; dmesg | grep lptN where N is the number of the parallel port, starting from zero. If you see @@ -6998,7 +7001,7 @@ Change to the /dev directory: - cd /dev + &prompt.root; cd /dev @@ -7007,7 +7010,7 @@ Type - ./MAKEDEV + &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV port where port is the device entry for the port you want to make. Use lpt0 for the first parallel port, @@ -7021,7 +7024,7 @@ Type - ls -l port + &prompt.root; ls -l port to make sure the device entry got created. @@ -7127,7 +7130,7 @@ Type - lptcontrol -i -u + &prompt.root; lptcontrol -i -u N to set interrupt-driven mode for lptN. @@ -7137,7 +7140,7 @@ Type - lptcontrol -p -u + &prompt.root; lptcontrol -p -u N to set polled-mode for lptN. @@ -7208,7 +7211,7 @@ use lptest. Type: - lptest > + &prompt.root; lptest > /dev/lptN where N is the number of the parallel port, starting from zero. @@ -7220,7 +7223,7 @@ other printer language, then send a small program to the printer. Type - cat > + &prompt.root; cat > /dev/lptN Then, line by line, type the program carefully as you @@ -7234,7 +7237,7 @@ Alternatively, you can put the program in a file and type - cat + &prompt.root; cat file > /dev/lptN where file is the name of the @@ -7298,7 +7301,7 @@ Connect to the printer with tip. Type: - tip printer + &prompt.root; tip printer If this step does not work, edit the file /etc/remote again and try using @@ -7315,7 +7318,7 @@ use lptest. Type: - ~$lptest + &prompt.user; lptest @@ -7564,7 +7567,7 @@ It is also customary to make the directory with a name that is identical to the name of the printer, as shown below: - mkdir + &prompt.root; mkdir /var/spool/printer-name However, if you have a lot of printers on your network, you might want to put the spooling directories @@ -7572,7 +7575,7 @@ with LPD. We will do this for our two example printers rattan and bamboo: - mkdir /var/spool/lpd mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan + &prompt.root; mkdir /var/spool/lpd mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan mkdir /var/spool/lpd/bamboo @@ -7587,7 +7590,7 @@ - chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan chown + &prompt.root; chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/bamboo chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/bamboo @@ -7816,7 +7819,7 @@ 2 Make the file executable: - chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple + &prompt.root; chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple @@ -7863,7 +7866,7 @@ Type: - lptest 20 5 | lpr + &prompt.root; lptest 20 5 | lpr -Pprinter-name where printer-name is a the name of a printer @@ -8266,15 +8269,15 @@ data to print from standard input. For example, this command prints some important system files: - lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv + &prompt.user; lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv To select a specific printer, type - lpr -P printer-name + &prompt.user; lpr -P printer-name filename... This example prints a long listing of the current directory to the printer named rattan: - ls -l | lpr -P rattan + &prompt.user; ls -l | lpr -P rattan Because no files were listed for the lpr @@ -8311,7 +8314,7 @@ specific printer, use the option. For example, the command - lpq -P bamboo + &prompt.user; lpq -P bamboo shows the queue for the printer named bamboo. Here is an example of the output of the lpq command: @@ -8386,13 +8389,13 @@ lpq to find the job number. Then type - lprm + &prompt.user; lprm job-number To remove the job from a specific printer, add the option. The following command removes job number 10 from the queue for the printer bamboo: - lprm -P bamboo 10 + &prompt.user; lprm -P bamboo 10 The lprm command has a few shortcuts: @@ -8435,7 +8438,7 @@ - lprm -P rattan - + &prompt.user; lprm -P rattan - @@ -8449,12 +8452,12 @@ were submitted, even if the same printer is available from other hosts. The following command sequence demonstrates this: - rose% lpr -P rattan myfile rose% rlogin orchid - orchid% lpq -P rattan Rank Owner Job Files Total + &prompt.user; lpr -P rattan myfile &prompt.user; rlogin orchid + &prompt.user; lpq -P rattan Rank Owner Job Files Total Size active seeyan 12 ... 49123 bytes 2nd kelly - 13 myfile 12 bytes orchid% lprm -P rattan 13 rose: - Permission denied orchid% logout rose% lprm -P rattan 13 - dfA013rose dequeued cfA013rose dequeued rose% + 13 myfile 12 bytes &prompt.user; lprm -P rattan 13 rose: + Permission denied &prompt.user; logout &prompt.user; lprm -P rattan 13 + dfA013rose dequeued cfA013rose dequeued &prompt.user; @@ -8490,7 +8493,7 @@ fish-report.dvi to the printer named bamboo: - lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi These options apply to every file in the job, so you cannot mix (say) DVI and ditroff files together in a job. Instead, submit the files as separate jobs, using a different @@ -8610,7 +8613,7 @@ ls manual page on the default printer: - zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr + &prompt.user; zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t The zcat @@ -8658,7 +8661,7 @@ parser.c followed by three copies of parser.h to the default printer: - lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h + &prompt.user; lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h @@ -9472,14 +9475,15 @@ directly until we convert the DVI file into PostScript. The command sequence goes like this: - dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi lpr + &prompt.user; dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr seaweed-analysis.ps By installing a conversion filter for DVI files, we can skip the hand conversion step each time by having LPD do it for us. Now, each time we get a DVI file, we are just one step away from printing it: - lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi We got LPD to do the DVI file conversion for us by specifying the option. Section Then, we just need to make spooling directories on orchid: - mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo - chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo chown + &prompt.root; mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo + &prompt.root; chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan + /var/spool/lpd/bamboo &prompt.root; chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo @@ -10360,7 +10365,7 @@ Now, users on orchid can print to rattan and bamboo. If, for example, a user on orchid typed - lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi the LPD system on orchid would copy the job to the spooling directory /var/spool/lpd/bamboo and note that it was @@ -10516,7 +10521,7 @@ multiple times, or from submitting the same file multiple times in one job like this: - lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign + &prompt.user; lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign There are many ways to prevent this abuse (including ignoring it) which you are free to explore. @@ -10709,7 +10714,7 @@ the amount of free disk space that must exist on the filesystem for LPD to accept remote jobs: - echo 6144 > + &prompt.root; echo 6144 > /var/spool/lpd/bamboo/minfree @@ -10977,7 +10982,7 @@ option are in dollars, though, not hundredths of cents. For example, - pac -p1.50 + &prompt.root; pac -p1.50 makes each page cost one dollar and fifty cents. You can really rake in the profits by using this option. @@ -13223,10 +13228,10 @@ using the /dev/MAKEDEV script. After becoming root: - # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV tty1 # ./MAKEDEV cua1 + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV tty1 &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV cua1 (everything in between) # ./MAKEDEV ttyg # ./MAKEDEV +
--> &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV ttyg &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV cuag If you do not want or need callout devices for some reason, you can dispense with making @@ -13291,7 +13296,7 @@ assumes an 8-port board): - # cd /dev # for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do ./MAKEDEV cuac$i ttyc$i;done @@ -16803,7 +16808,7 @@ How to do it with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> If you use pw8 for adding new users, - call it in this form: # pw useradd user_name -L + call it in this form: &prompt.root; pw useradd user_name -L russian @@ -16918,7 +16923,7 @@ Go to /usr/ports/russian/X.language - directory and say # make all + directory and say &prompt.root; make all install there. This port install latest version of KOI8-R fonts. XFree86 3.3 already have some KOI8-R fonts, but this ones scaled better. @@ -17617,7 +17622,7 @@ So, after you have saved your changes to /etc/ttys, send SIGHUP to init by typing: - kill -HUP 1 + &prompt.root; kill -HUP 1 (The init process always has process ID 1.) @@ -17658,7 +17663,7 @@ Make sure that a getty process is running and serving the terminal. Type - ps -axww|grep getty + &prompt.root; ps -axww|grep getty to get a list of running getty processes. You should see an entry for the terminal. For example, the display @@ -18000,7 +18005,7 @@ - /sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio' + &prompt.root; /sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio' @@ -18359,7 +18364,7 @@ - kill -1 1 + &prompt.root; kill -1 1 @@ -19249,7 +19254,7 @@ - # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV tun0 + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV tun0 @@ -19258,7 +19263,7 @@ - # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV tun15 + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV tun15 @@ -19267,7 +19272,7 @@ - $ ifconfig tun0 tun0: + &prompt.root; ifconfig tun0 tun0: flags=8050<POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 $ @@ -19787,7 +19792,7 @@ - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell + &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup @@ -19834,8 +19839,8 @@ - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred # ln - -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam # ln -s + &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred &prompt.root; ln + -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary @@ -20225,7 +20230,7 @@ - # /usr/sbin/sendmail -q + &prompt.root; /usr/sbin/sendmail -q @@ -20250,7 +20255,7 @@ - # ppp + &prompt.root; ppp @@ -20261,7 +20266,7 @@ - # ppp -auto provider + &prompt.root; ppp -auto provider @@ -22036,14 +22041,14 @@ /swapfs/swap.X.X.X.X where X.X.X.X is the client's IP addr, eg: - # dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 bs=1k + &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 bs=1k count=20000 Also, the client's swap space might contain sensitive information once swapping starts, so make sure to restrict read and write access to this file to prevent unauthorized access: - # chmod 0600 /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 + &prompt.root; chmod 0600 /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 @@ -22553,8 +22558,8 @@ the DNS MX entry points to your host address, or there is no MX entry for your DNS name. - Try this newbsdbox# hostname - newbsdbox.freebsd.org newbsdbox# host newbsdbox.freebsd.org + Try this &prompt.root; hostname + newbsdbox.freebsd.org &prompt.root; host newbsdbox.freebsd.org newbsdbox.freebsd.org has address 204.216.27.xx @@ -22563,7 +22568,7 @@ remap=bf>root@newbsdbox.freebsd.org will work no problems. - If instead, you have this newbsdbox# host + If instead, you have this &prompt.root; host newbsdbox.freebsd.org newbsdbox.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.xx newbsdbox.FreeBSD.org mail is handled (pri=10) by freefall.FreeBSD.org All mail sent to your host @@ -22805,12 +22810,12 @@ mode by typing Control-D. - j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt ADDRESS TEST MODE + &prompt.user; sendmail -bt ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) Enter <ruleset> <address> > 0 foo@interface-business.de rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de ... rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ < @ - interface-business . de > > ^D j@uriah 192% + interface-business . de > > ^D &prompt.user; @@ -23500,7 +23505,8 @@ To apply the deltas, simply say: - cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff ctm -v -v + &prompt.root; cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff + &prompt.root; ctm -v -v /where/you/store/your/deltas/src-xxx.* @@ -23601,7 +23607,8 @@ lib/libc/Makefile from your collection of saved CTM deltas, run the commands: - cd /where/ever/you/want/to/extract/it/ ctm -e + &prompt.root; cd /where/ever/you/want/to/extract/it/ + &prompt.root; ctm -e '^lib/libc/Makefile' ~ctm/src-xxx.* @@ -25751,10 +25758,10 @@ the diff1 command, with the `context diff' form being preferred. For example: - diff -c oldfile newfile + &prompt.user; diff -c oldfile newfile or - diff -c -r olddir newdir + &prompt.user; diff -c -r olddir newdir would generate such a set of context diffs for the given source file or directory hierarchy. See the man page for diff1 for more details. @@ -26953,7 +26960,7 @@ - % install-info --help install-info [OPTION]... + &prompt.user; install-info --help install-info [OPTION]... [INFO-FILE [DIR-FILE]] Install INFO-FILE in the Info directory file DIR-FILE. Options: --delete Delete existing entries in INFO-FILE; don't insert any new entries. @@ -30683,9 +30690,9 @@ single user state using the flag at the boot prompt, and then perform the following steps: - fsck -p mount -a -t ufs # so your file system for - /var/crash is writable savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash - exit # ...to multi-user + &prompt.root; fsck -p mount -a -t ufs # so your file system for + /var/crash is writable &prompt.root; savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash + &prompt.root; exit # ...to multi-user This instructs savecore8 to use another kernel for symbol name extraction. It would otherwise default to the currently running kernel and most likely not do @@ -31091,7 +31098,7 @@ serial line of the debugging host. Now, on the debugging machine, go to the compile directory of the target kernel, and start gdb: - % gdb -k kernel GDB is free software and you are welcome + &prompt.user; gdb -k kernel GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details. GDB 4.16 @@ -31140,7 +31147,7 @@ Remote GDB can also be used to debug LKMs. First build the LKM with debugging symbols: - # cd /usr/src/lkm/linux # make clean; make + &prompt.root; cd /usr/src/lkm/linux &prompt.root; make clean; make COPTS=-g @@ -31149,7 +31156,7 @@ load it and use modstat to find out where it was loaded: - # linux # modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info + &prompt.root; linux &prompt.root; modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name EXEC 0 4 f5109000 001c f510f010 1 linux_mod @@ -31264,18 +31271,18 @@ loadable module can cause the kernel to crash, so the safest thing to do is to reinstall the LKM when you install the kernel. - % cd /usr/src/lkm/linux % make all install + &prompt.root; cd /usr/src/lkm/linux &prompt.root; make all install Once you have installed the kernel and the LKM, you can invoke `linux' as root to load the LKM. - % linux Linux emulator installed Module loaded as ID 0 - % + &prompt.root; linux Linux emulator installed Module loaded as ID 0 + &prompt.root; To see whether the LKM is loaded, run `modstat'. - % modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev + &prompt.user; modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name EXEC 0 3 f0baf000 0018 f0bb4000 1 - linux_emulator % + linux_emulator &prompt.user; You can cause the LKM to be loaded when the system boots in either of two ways. In FreeBSD 2.2.1-RELEASE and 2.1-STABLE enable it in /etc/sysconfig @@ -31327,9 +31334,9 @@ If you want to verify it is running, modstat will do that: - % modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev + &prompt.user; modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name EXEC 0 4 f09e6000 001c f09ec010 1 - linux_mod % + linux_mod &prompt.user; However, there have been reports that this fails on some 2.2-RELEASE and later systems. If for some reason you cannot load the linux LKM, then statically link the emulator @@ -31355,7 +31362,7 @@ possible to do this by hand, however, it is vastly simpler to just grab the linux_lib port: - % cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib % make all + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib &prompt.root; make all install @@ -31423,7 +31430,7 @@ - % ldd linuxxdoom libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => + &prompt.user; ldd linuxxdoom libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0 libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0 libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 @@ -31555,7 +31562,7 @@ Those running FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE should run the Linux ldconfig program. - % cd /compat/linux/lib % /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig + &prompt.root cd /compat/linux/lib &prompt.root; /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig @@ -31577,7 +31584,7 @@ itself. Supposing that you have it installed as ldd-linux, it should produce something like: - % ldd-linux `which ldd-linux` libc.so.4 (DLL Jump + &prompt.root; ldd-linux `which ldd-linux` libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 @@ -31792,7 +31799,7 @@ example, unpack this into /usr/local/Mathematica: - % cd /usr/local % mkdir Mathematica % cd Mathematica % + &prompt.root; cd /usr/local &prompt.root; mkdir Mathematica &prompt.root; cd Mathematica &prompt.root; tar -xvf /cdrom/LINUX.TAR @@ -31810,9 +31817,9 @@ libraries and unpacked the mathematica you can obtain the `machine ID' by running the program `mathinfo' in the Install directory. - % cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install % mathinfo LINUX: + &prompt.root; cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install &prompt.root; mathinfo LINUX: 'ioctl' fd=5, typ=0x89(), num=0x27 not implemented - richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu 9845-03452-90255 % + richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu 9845-03452-90255 &prompt.root; So, for example, the `machine ID' of `richc' is `9845-03452-90255'. You can ignore the message about the ioctl that is not implemented. It will not prevent Mathematica from @@ -31827,7 +31834,7 @@ You can do this by invoking: - % cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install % + &prompt.root; cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install &prompt.root; math.install It will ask you to enter your license number and the Wolfram supplied password. If you get them mixed up or @@ -34812,7 +34819,7 @@ In the body of your message. For example, to subscribe yourself to freebsd-announce, you'd do: - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce + &prompt.user; mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce ^D If you want to subscribe yourself under a different name, or submit a subscription request for a local @@ -34820,7 +34827,7 @@ interested parties at one site, and highly appreciated by us!), you would do something like: - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce + &prompt.user; mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce local-announce@somesite.com ^D Finally, it is also possible to unsubscribe yourself from a list, get a list of other list members or see the @@ -34828,7 +34835,7 @@ messages to majordomo. For a complete list of available commands, do this: - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG help ^D + &prompt.user; mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG help ^D Again, we would like to request that you keep discussion in the technical mailing lists on a technical track. If you are only interested in the high points then it is diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml index f525f38301..92c056f5e5 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ - +#"> +%"> +]> @@ -765,7 +768,7 @@ If you are using MS-DOS then download fdimage.exe or get it from tools\fdimage.exe on the CDROM and then run it like so: - E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp + E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp a: The fdimage program will format the A: drive and then copy the @@ -779,7 +782,7 @@ If you are using a UNIX system to create the floppy image: - % dd if=boot.flp + &prompt.root; dd if=boot.flp of=disk_device where disk_device is the /dev entry for the floppy drive. @@ -1490,7 +1493,7 @@ - fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 disklabel -w -r + &prompt.root; fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3 newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0 (Use "fd0.1200" and "floppy5" for 5.25" 1.2MB disks). @@ -1525,8 +1528,8 @@ suggest using the DOS xcopy command. For example, to prepare for a minimal installation of FreeBSD: - C> MD C:\FREEBSD C> XCOPY /S E:\BIN - C:\FREEBSD\BIN\ C> XCOPY /S E:\MANPAGES + C> MD C:\FREEBSD C> XCOPY /S E:\BIN + C:\FREEBSD\BIN\ C> XCOPY /S E:\MANPAGES C:\FREEBSD\MANPAGES\ assuming that C: is where you have free space and E: @@ -1548,7 +1551,7 @@ after getting all of the files for distribution you are interested in, simply tar them onto the tape with a command like: - cd /freebsd/distdir tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or + &prompt.root; cd /freebsd/distdir tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2 @@ -1897,7 +1900,7 @@ - mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d + &prompt.root; mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d @@ -1932,14 +1935,14 @@ command. Use of the man command is simple: - + &prompt.user; man command where command is the name of the command you wish to learn about. For example, to learn more about ls command type: - % man ls + &prompt.user; man ls @@ -1987,7 +1990,7 @@ remap=bf>man command which one you want by specifying the section: - % man 1 chmod + &prompt.user; man 1 chmod which will display the manual page for the user command chmod. References to a @@ -2004,7 +2007,7 @@ command descriptions by using the switch: - % man -k mail + &prompt.user; man -k mail With this command you will be presented with a list of commands that have the keyword mail in their descriptions. This is actually functionally equivalent to using the /usr/bin but do not even have the faintest idea what most of them actually do? Simply do a - % cd /usr/bin; man -f * + &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin; man -f * or - % cd /usr/bin; whatis * + &prompt.user; cd /usr/bin; whatis * which does the same thing. @@ -2036,7 +2039,7 @@ To use the info1 command, simply type: - % info + &prompt.user; info For a brief introduction, type h. For a quick command reference, type - # cd /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence # make install + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence &prompt.root; make install >> Checksum OK for ElectricFence-2.0.5.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for ElectricFence-2.0.5 ===> Patching for ElectricFence-2.0.5 ===> Applying FreeBSD patches for @@ -2196,7 +2199,7 @@ If you tried this yourself, you may well have got something like this at the start:- - # make install >> + &prompt.root; make install >> ElectricFence-2.0.5.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.doc.ic.ac.uk/Mirrors/sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/devel/lang/c/. @@ -2300,7 +2303,7 @@ do - # mkdir /usr/ports # cd /usr/ports # ln -s + &prompt.root; mkdir /usr/ports &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; ln -s /cdrom/ports/distfiles distfiles @@ -2313,8 +2316,8 @@ databases directory. Here is how to do it:- - # cd /usr/ports # mkdir databases # cp -R - /cdrom/ports/databases/gnats databases # cd databases/gnats # + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; mkdir databases &prompt.root; cp -R + /cdrom/ports/databases/gnats databases &prompt.root; cd databases/gnats &prompt.root; make install @@ -2322,8 +2325,8 @@ all the ones available in the Ports collection, do - # cd /usr/ports # cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases . # - cd databases # make install + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases . &prompt.root; + cd databases &prompt.root; make install (yes, that really is a dot on its own after the cp command and @@ -2377,13 +2380,13 @@ them in if you are trying this yourself!):- - # cd /usr/ports # mkdir databases # cd databases # + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; mkdir databases &prompt.root; cd databases &prompt.root; ftp ftp.freebsd.org [log in as `ftp' and give your email address when asked for a password. Remember to use binary (also known as image) mode!] > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/databases > get gnats.tar [tars up the gnats skeleton for us] > quit - # tar xf gnats.tar [extract the gnats skeleton] # - cd gnats # make install [build and install + &prompt.root; tar xf gnats.tar [extract the gnats skeleton] &prompt.root; + cd gnats &prompt.root; make install [build and install gnats] @@ -2406,12 +2409,12 @@ almost the same:- - # cd /usr/ports # ftp ftp.freebsd.org [log in as + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports &prompt.root; ftp ftp.freebsd.org [log in as `ftp' and give your email address when asked for a password. Remember to use binary (also known as image) mode!] > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports > get databases.tar [tars up the - databases directory for us] > quit # tar xf databases.tar - [extract all the database skeletons] # cd databases # make + databases directory for us] > quit &prompt.root; tar xf databases.tar + [extract all the database skeletons] &prompt.root; cd databases &prompt.root; make install [build and install all the database ports] @@ -2730,10 +2733,11 @@ with the base FreeBSD system, like this:- - tar tvzf foobar.tar.gz # View - contents of foobar.tar.gz tar xzvf foobar.tar.gz - # Extract contents into the current directory tar tvf - foobar.tar # View contents of foobar.tar tar xvf + &prompt.user; tar tvzf foobar.tar.gz # View + contents of foobar.tar.gz &prompt.user; tar xzvf foobar.tar.gz + # Extract contents into the current directory &prompt.user; tar tvf + foobar.tar # View contents of foobar.tar + &prompt.user; tar xvf foobar.tar # Extract contents into the current directory @@ -3209,7 +3213,7 @@ copy the GENERIC configuration file to the name you want to give your kernel. For example: - # cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf # cp GENERIC MYKERNEL + &prompt.root; cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf &prompt.root; cp GENERIC MYKERNEL Traditionally, this name is in all capital letters and, if you are maintaining multiple FreeBSD machines with different hardware, it is a good idea to name it after your @@ -3254,8 +3258,8 @@ When you are finished, type the following to compile and install your kernel: - # /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL # cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL # - make depend # make # make install + &prompt.root; /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL &prompt.root; cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL &prompt.root; + make depend &prompt.root; make &prompt.root; make install The new kernel will be copied to the root directory as /kernel and the old kernel will be moved to /kernel.old. Now, shutdown the system @@ -4691,14 +4695,14 @@ device. It turns out that those files are not there, so I must change to the /dev directory and type: - # sh MAKEDEV wcd0 + &prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV wcd0 When this script finishes, you will find that there are now wcd0c and rwcd0c entries in /dev so you know that it executed correctly. For sound cards, the command: - # sh MAKEDEV snd0 + &prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd0 creates the appropriate entries. @@ -4797,13 +4801,13 @@ kernel file that make installs (in order to move another kernel back permanently) is: - # chflags noschg /kernel + &prompt.root; chflags noschg /kernel And, if you want to lock your new kernel into place, or any file for that matter, so that it cannot be moved or tampered with: - # chflags schg /kernel + &prompt.root; chflags schg /kernel @@ -4912,7 +4916,7 @@ - $ cd /usr/lib $ ls -l /usr/lib/libcrypt* lrwxr-xr-x 1 + &prompt.user; cd /usr/lib $ ls -l /usr/lib/libcrypt* lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 13 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.a -> libdescrypt.a lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 18 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.so.2.0 -> libdescrypt.so.2.0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 15 Sep 5 12:50 @@ -5016,7 +5020,7 @@ - $ keyinit Updating wollman: ) + &prompt.user; keyinit Updating wollman: ) these will not appear if you Old key: ha73895 ) have not used S/Key before Reminder - Only use this method if you are directly connected. If you are using telnet or @@ -5057,7 +5061,7 @@ - $ keyinit -s Updating wollman: Old key: kh94741 + &prompt.user; keyinit -s Updating wollman: Old key: kh94741 Reminder you need the 6 English words from the skey command. Enter sequence count from 1 to 9999: 100 ) I typed this Enter new key [default kh94742]: s/key 100 kh94742 @@ -5071,7 +5075,7 @@ - $ key 100 kh94742 Reminder - Do not use this program + &prompt.user; key 100 kh94742 Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. Enter secret password: ) I typed my secret password HULL NAY YANG TREE TOUT VETO @@ -5104,7 +5108,7 @@ - $ telnet himalia Trying 18.26.0.186... Connected to + &prompt.user; telnet himalia Trying 18.26.0.186... Connected to himalia.lcs.mit.edu. Escape character is '^]'. s/key 92 hi52030 Password: @@ -5141,7 +5145,7 @@ - $ key 92 hi52030 ) pasted from + &prompt.user; key 92 hi52030 ) pasted from previous section Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. Enter secret password: ) I typed my secret password ADEN BED WOLF HAW HOT @@ -5179,7 +5183,7 @@ - $ key -n 25 57 zz99999 Reminder - Do not use this + &prompt.user; key -n 25 57 zz99999 Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. Enter secret password: 33: WALT THY MALI DARN NIT HEAD 34: ASK RICE BEAU GINA DOUR STAG [...] 56: AMOS BOWL LUG FAT CAIN INCH 57: @@ -5291,7 +5295,7 @@ - grunt# cd /etc/kerberosIV grunt# ls README + &prompt.root; cd /etc/kerberosIV &prompt.root; ls README krb.conf krb.realms @@ -5312,7 +5316,7 @@ - grunt# cat krb.conf GRONDAR.ZA GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat krb.conf GRONDAR.ZA GRONDAR.ZA grunt.grondar.za admin server CS.BERKELEY.EDU okeeffe.berkeley.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos.mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-1.mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU @@ -5344,7 +5348,7 @@ - grunt# cat krb.realms grunt.grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat krb.realms grunt.grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA .grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA .berkeley.edu CS.BERKELEY.EDU .MIT.EDU ATHENA.MIT.EDU .mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU @@ -5364,7 +5368,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_init Realm name [default ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: + &prompt.root; kdb_init Realm name [default ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: GRONDAR.ZA You will be prompted for the database Master Password. It is important that you NOT FORGET this password. Enter Kerberos master key: @@ -5376,7 +5380,7 @@ - grunt# kstash Enter Kerberos master key: Current + &prompt.root; kstash Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! @@ -5406,7 +5410,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos + &prompt.root; kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Previous or default values are in [brackets] , enter return to leave the same, or new value. @@ -5444,7 +5448,7 @@ - grunt# ext_srvtab grunt Enter Kerberos master key: + &prompt.root; ext_srvtab grunt Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Generating 'grunt-new-srvtab'.... @@ -5457,7 +5461,7 @@ - grunt# mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab + &prompt.root; mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab @@ -5471,7 +5475,7 @@ - grumble# mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab grumble# chmod 600 + &prompt.root; mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab &prompt.root; chmod 600 srvtab @@ -5488,7 +5492,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos + &prompt.root; kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Previous or default values are in [brackets] , enter return to leave the same, or new value. @@ -5517,11 +5521,11 @@ - grunt# kerberos & grunt# Kerberos server starting + &prompt.root; kerberos & &prompt.root; Kerberos server starting Sleep forever on error Log file is /var/log/kerberos.log Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Current Kerberos master key version is 1 Local realm: - GRONDAR.ZA grunt# kadmind -n & grunt# KADM Server KADM0.0A + GRONDAR.ZA &prompt.root; kadmind -n & &prompt.root; KADM Server KADM0.0A initializing Please do not use 'kill -9' to kill this job, use a regular kill instead Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! @@ -5534,7 +5538,7 @@ - grunt$ kinit jane MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) + &prompt.user; kinit jane MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) Kerberos Initialization for "jane" Password: @@ -5543,7 +5547,7 @@ - grunt$ klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt245 Principal: + &prompt.user; klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt245 Principal: jane@GRONDAR.ZA Issued Expires Principal Apr 30 11:23:22 Apr 30 19:23:22 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5555,7 +5559,7 @@ - grunt$ passwd realm GRONDAR.ZA Old password for jane: + &prompt.user; passwd realm GRONDAR.ZA Old password for jane: New Password for jane: Verifying password New Password for jane: Password changed. @@ -5578,7 +5582,7 @@ - grunt# kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos + &prompt.root; kdb_edit Opening database... Enter Kerberos master key: Current Kerberos master key version is 1. Master key entered. BEWARE! Previous or default values are in [brackets] , enter return to leave the same, or new value. @@ -5598,7 +5602,7 @@ - grunt# kinit jane.root MIT Project Athena + &prompt.root; kinit jane.root MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) Kerberos Initialization for "jane.root" Password: @@ -5610,7 +5614,7 @@ - grunt# cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5618,7 +5622,7 @@ - [jane@grunt 10407] su Password: grunt# + &prompt.user; su Password: &prompt.root; @@ -5627,7 +5631,7 @@ - grunt# klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt_root_245 Principal: + &prompt.root; klist Ticket file: /tmp/tkt_root_245 Principal: jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA Issued Expires Principal May 2 20:43:12 May 3 04:43:12 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5652,7 +5656,7 @@ - grunt# cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.root; cat /root/.klogin jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5661,7 +5665,7 @@ - [jane@grunt 10543] cat ~/.klogin jane@GRONDAR.ZA + &prompt.user;cat ~/.klogin jane@GRONDAR.ZA jack@GRONDAR.ZA @@ -5680,13 +5684,13 @@ - [jane@grumble 573] kinit MIT Project Athena - (grunt.grondar.za) Password: [jane@grumble 574] rlogin grunt + &prompt.user; kinit MIT Project Athena + (grunt.grondar.za) Password: %prompt.user; rlogin grunt Last login: Mon May 1 21:14:47 from grumble Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - [jane@grunt 10567] + &prompt.user; @@ -5697,7 +5701,7 @@ - [jack@grumble 573] kinit [jack@grumble 574] rlogin grunt + &prompt.user; kinit &prompt.user; rlogin grunt -l jane MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) Password: Last login: Mon May 1 21:16:55 from grumble Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the @@ -5911,7 +5915,7 @@ - ipfw zero 4500 + &prompt.root; ipfw zero 4500 @@ -5961,7 +5965,6 @@ protocol addresses options - @@ -6256,7 +6259,7 @@ -a -t -N - l + l @@ -6317,7 +6320,7 @@ ipfw zero - index + index @@ -6429,7 +6432,7 @@ - # ipfw list + &prompt.root; ipfw list @@ -6941,7 +6944,7 @@ To find out if the kernel you are currently using supports a serial interface, type - dmesg | grep + &prompt.root; dmesg | grep sioN where N is the number of the serial port, starting from zero. If you see @@ -6954,7 +6957,7 @@ To find out if the kernel supports a parallel interface, type - dmesg | grep + &prompt.root; dmesg | grep lptN where N is the number of the parallel port, starting from zero. If you see @@ -6998,7 +7001,7 @@ Change to the /dev directory: - cd /dev + &prompt.root; cd /dev @@ -7007,7 +7010,7 @@ Type - ./MAKEDEV + &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV port where port is the device entry for the port you want to make. Use lpt0 for the first parallel port, @@ -7021,7 +7024,7 @@ Type - ls -l port + &prompt.root; ls -l port to make sure the device entry got created. @@ -7127,7 +7130,7 @@ Type - lptcontrol -i -u + &prompt.root; lptcontrol -i -u N to set interrupt-driven mode for lptN. @@ -7137,7 +7140,7 @@ Type - lptcontrol -p -u + &prompt.root; lptcontrol -p -u N to set polled-mode for lptN. @@ -7208,7 +7211,7 @@ use lptest. Type: - lptest > + &prompt.root; lptest > /dev/lptN where N is the number of the parallel port, starting from zero. @@ -7220,7 +7223,7 @@ other printer language, then send a small program to the printer. Type - cat > + &prompt.root; cat > /dev/lptN Then, line by line, type the program carefully as you @@ -7234,7 +7237,7 @@ Alternatively, you can put the program in a file and type - cat + &prompt.root; cat file > /dev/lptN where file is the name of the @@ -7298,7 +7301,7 @@ Connect to the printer with tip. Type: - tip printer + &prompt.root; tip printer If this step does not work, edit the file /etc/remote again and try using @@ -7315,7 +7318,7 @@ use lptest. Type: - ~$lptest + &prompt.user; lptest @@ -7564,7 +7567,7 @@ It is also customary to make the directory with a name that is identical to the name of the printer, as shown below: - mkdir + &prompt.root; mkdir /var/spool/printer-name However, if you have a lot of printers on your network, you might want to put the spooling directories @@ -7572,7 +7575,7 @@ with LPD. We will do this for our two example printers rattan and bamboo: - mkdir /var/spool/lpd mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan + &prompt.root; mkdir /var/spool/lpd mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan mkdir /var/spool/lpd/bamboo @@ -7587,7 +7590,7 @@ - chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan chown + &prompt.root; chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/bamboo chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/bamboo @@ -7816,7 +7819,7 @@ 2 Make the file executable: - chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple + &prompt.root; chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple @@ -7863,7 +7866,7 @@ Type: - lptest 20 5 | lpr + &prompt.root; lptest 20 5 | lpr -Pprinter-name where printer-name is a the name of a printer @@ -8266,15 +8269,15 @@ data to print from standard input. For example, this command prints some important system files: - lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv + &prompt.user; lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv To select a specific printer, type - lpr -P printer-name + &prompt.user; lpr -P printer-name filename... This example prints a long listing of the current directory to the printer named rattan: - ls -l | lpr -P rattan + &prompt.user; ls -l | lpr -P rattan Because no files were listed for the lpr @@ -8311,7 +8314,7 @@ specific printer, use the option. For example, the command - lpq -P bamboo + &prompt.user; lpq -P bamboo shows the queue for the printer named bamboo. Here is an example of the output of the lpq command: @@ -8386,13 +8389,13 @@ lpq to find the job number. Then type - lprm + &prompt.user; lprm job-number To remove the job from a specific printer, add the option. The following command removes job number 10 from the queue for the printer bamboo: - lprm -P bamboo 10 + &prompt.user; lprm -P bamboo 10 The lprm command has a few shortcuts: @@ -8435,7 +8438,7 @@ - lprm -P rattan - + &prompt.user; lprm -P rattan - @@ -8449,12 +8452,12 @@ were submitted, even if the same printer is available from other hosts. The following command sequence demonstrates this: - rose% lpr -P rattan myfile rose% rlogin orchid - orchid% lpq -P rattan Rank Owner Job Files Total + &prompt.user; lpr -P rattan myfile &prompt.user; rlogin orchid + &prompt.user; lpq -P rattan Rank Owner Job Files Total Size active seeyan 12 ... 49123 bytes 2nd kelly - 13 myfile 12 bytes orchid% lprm -P rattan 13 rose: - Permission denied orchid% logout rose% lprm -P rattan 13 - dfA013rose dequeued cfA013rose dequeued rose% + 13 myfile 12 bytes &prompt.user; lprm -P rattan 13 rose: + Permission denied &prompt.user; logout &prompt.user; lprm -P rattan 13 + dfA013rose dequeued cfA013rose dequeued &prompt.user; @@ -8490,7 +8493,7 @@ fish-report.dvi to the printer named bamboo: - lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi These options apply to every file in the job, so you cannot mix (say) DVI and ditroff files together in a job. Instead, submit the files as separate jobs, using a different @@ -8610,7 +8613,7 @@ ls manual page on the default printer: - zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr + &prompt.user; zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t The zcat @@ -8658,7 +8661,7 @@ parser.c followed by three copies of parser.h to the default printer: - lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h + &prompt.user; lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h @@ -9472,14 +9475,15 @@ directly until we convert the DVI file into PostScript. The command sequence goes like this: - dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi lpr + &prompt.user; dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr seaweed-analysis.ps By installing a conversion filter for DVI files, we can skip the hand conversion step each time by having LPD do it for us. Now, each time we get a DVI file, we are just one step away from printing it: - lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi We got LPD to do the DVI file conversion for us by specifying the option. Section Then, we just need to make spooling directories on orchid: - mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo - chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo chown + &prompt.root; mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo + &prompt.root; chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan + /var/spool/lpd/bamboo &prompt.root; chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo @@ -10360,7 +10365,7 @@ Now, users on orchid can print to rattan and bamboo. If, for example, a user on orchid typed - lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi + &prompt.user; lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi the LPD system on orchid would copy the job to the spooling directory /var/spool/lpd/bamboo and note that it was @@ -10516,7 +10521,7 @@ multiple times, or from submitting the same file multiple times in one job like this: - lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign + &prompt.user; lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign There are many ways to prevent this abuse (including ignoring it) which you are free to explore. @@ -10709,7 +10714,7 @@ the amount of free disk space that must exist on the filesystem for LPD to accept remote jobs: - echo 6144 > + &prompt.root; echo 6144 > /var/spool/lpd/bamboo/minfree @@ -10977,7 +10982,7 @@ option are in dollars, though, not hundredths of cents. For example, - pac -p1.50 + &prompt.root; pac -p1.50 makes each page cost one dollar and fifty cents. You can really rake in the profits by using this option. @@ -13223,10 +13228,10 @@ using the /dev/MAKEDEV script. After becoming root: - # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV tty1 # ./MAKEDEV cua1 + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV tty1 &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV cua1 (everything in between) # ./MAKEDEV ttyg # ./MAKEDEV +
--> &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV ttyg &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV cuag If you do not want or need callout devices for some reason, you can dispense with making @@ -13291,7 +13296,7 @@ assumes an 8-port board): - # cd /dev # for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do ./MAKEDEV cuac$i ttyc$i;done @@ -16803,7 +16808,7 @@ How to do it with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> If you use pw8 for adding new users, - call it in this form: # pw useradd user_name -L + call it in this form: &prompt.root; pw useradd user_name -L russian @@ -16918,7 +16923,7 @@ Go to /usr/ports/russian/X.language - directory and say # make all + directory and say &prompt.root; make all install there. This port install latest version of KOI8-R fonts. XFree86 3.3 already have some KOI8-R fonts, but this ones scaled better. @@ -17617,7 +17622,7 @@ So, after you have saved your changes to /etc/ttys, send SIGHUP to init by typing: - kill -HUP 1 + &prompt.root; kill -HUP 1 (The init process always has process ID 1.) @@ -17658,7 +17663,7 @@ Make sure that a getty process is running and serving the terminal. Type - ps -axww|grep getty + &prompt.root; ps -axww|grep getty to get a list of running getty processes. You should see an entry for the terminal. For example, the display @@ -18000,7 +18005,7 @@ - /sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio' + &prompt.root; /sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio' @@ -18359,7 +18364,7 @@ - kill -1 1 + &prompt.root; kill -1 1 @@ -19249,7 +19254,7 @@ - # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV tun0 + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV tun0 @@ -19258,7 +19263,7 @@ - # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV tun15 + &prompt.root; cd /dev &prompt.root; ./MAKEDEV tun15 @@ -19267,7 +19272,7 @@ - $ ifconfig tun0 tun0: + &prompt.root; ifconfig tun0 tun0: flags=8050<POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 $ @@ -19787,7 +19792,7 @@ - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell + &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup @@ -19834,8 +19839,8 @@ - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred # ln - -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam # ln -s + &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred &prompt.root; ln + -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam &prompt.root; ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary @@ -20225,7 +20230,7 @@ - # /usr/sbin/sendmail -q + &prompt.root; /usr/sbin/sendmail -q @@ -20250,7 +20255,7 @@ - # ppp + &prompt.root; ppp @@ -20261,7 +20266,7 @@ - # ppp -auto provider + &prompt.root; ppp -auto provider @@ -22036,14 +22041,14 @@ /swapfs/swap.X.X.X.X where X.X.X.X is the client's IP addr, eg: - # dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 bs=1k + &prompt.root; dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 bs=1k count=20000 Also, the client's swap space might contain sensitive information once swapping starts, so make sure to restrict read and write access to this file to prevent unauthorized access: - # chmod 0600 /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 + &prompt.root; chmod 0600 /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 @@ -22553,8 +22558,8 @@ the DNS MX entry points to your host address, or there is no MX entry for your DNS name. - Try this newbsdbox# hostname - newbsdbox.freebsd.org newbsdbox# host newbsdbox.freebsd.org + Try this &prompt.root; hostname + newbsdbox.freebsd.org &prompt.root; host newbsdbox.freebsd.org newbsdbox.freebsd.org has address 204.216.27.xx @@ -22563,7 +22568,7 @@ remap=bf>root@newbsdbox.freebsd.org will work no problems. - If instead, you have this newbsdbox# host + If instead, you have this &prompt.root; host newbsdbox.freebsd.org newbsdbox.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.xx newbsdbox.FreeBSD.org mail is handled (pri=10) by freefall.FreeBSD.org All mail sent to your host @@ -22805,12 +22810,12 @@ mode by typing Control-D. - j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt ADDRESS TEST MODE + &prompt.user; sendmail -bt ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) Enter <ruleset> <address> > 0 foo@interface-business.de rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de ... rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ < @ - interface-business . de > > ^D j@uriah 192% + interface-business . de > > ^D &prompt.user; @@ -23500,7 +23505,8 @@ To apply the deltas, simply say: - cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff ctm -v -v + &prompt.root; cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff + &prompt.root; ctm -v -v /where/you/store/your/deltas/src-xxx.* @@ -23601,7 +23607,8 @@ lib/libc/Makefile from your collection of saved CTM deltas, run the commands: - cd /where/ever/you/want/to/extract/it/ ctm -e + &prompt.root; cd /where/ever/you/want/to/extract/it/ + &prompt.root; ctm -e '^lib/libc/Makefile' ~ctm/src-xxx.* @@ -25751,10 +25758,10 @@ the diff1 command, with the `context diff' form being preferred. For example: - diff -c oldfile newfile + &prompt.user; diff -c oldfile newfile or - diff -c -r olddir newdir + &prompt.user; diff -c -r olddir newdir would generate such a set of context diffs for the given source file or directory hierarchy. See the man page for diff1 for more details. @@ -26953,7 +26960,7 @@ - % install-info --help install-info [OPTION]... + &prompt.user; install-info --help install-info [OPTION]... [INFO-FILE [DIR-FILE]] Install INFO-FILE in the Info directory file DIR-FILE. Options: --delete Delete existing entries in INFO-FILE; don't insert any new entries. @@ -30683,9 +30690,9 @@ single user state using the flag at the boot prompt, and then perform the following steps: - fsck -p mount -a -t ufs # so your file system for - /var/crash is writable savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash - exit # ...to multi-user + &prompt.root; fsck -p mount -a -t ufs # so your file system for + /var/crash is writable &prompt.root; savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash + &prompt.root; exit # ...to multi-user This instructs savecore8 to use another kernel for symbol name extraction. It would otherwise default to the currently running kernel and most likely not do @@ -31091,7 +31098,7 @@ serial line of the debugging host. Now, on the debugging machine, go to the compile directory of the target kernel, and start gdb: - % gdb -k kernel GDB is free software and you are welcome + &prompt.user; gdb -k kernel GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details. GDB 4.16 @@ -31140,7 +31147,7 @@ Remote GDB can also be used to debug LKMs. First build the LKM with debugging symbols: - # cd /usr/src/lkm/linux # make clean; make + &prompt.root; cd /usr/src/lkm/linux &prompt.root; make clean; make COPTS=-g @@ -31149,7 +31156,7 @@ load it and use modstat to find out where it was loaded: - # linux # modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info + &prompt.root; linux &prompt.root; modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name EXEC 0 4 f5109000 001c f510f010 1 linux_mod @@ -31264,18 +31271,18 @@ loadable module can cause the kernel to crash, so the safest thing to do is to reinstall the LKM when you install the kernel. - % cd /usr/src/lkm/linux % make all install + &prompt.root; cd /usr/src/lkm/linux &prompt.root; make all install Once you have installed the kernel and the LKM, you can invoke `linux' as root to load the LKM. - % linux Linux emulator installed Module loaded as ID 0 - % + &prompt.root; linux Linux emulator installed Module loaded as ID 0 + &prompt.root; To see whether the LKM is loaded, run `modstat'. - % modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev + &prompt.user; modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name EXEC 0 3 f0baf000 0018 f0bb4000 1 - linux_emulator % + linux_emulator &prompt.user; You can cause the LKM to be loaded when the system boots in either of two ways. In FreeBSD 2.2.1-RELEASE and 2.1-STABLE enable it in /etc/sysconfig @@ -31327,9 +31334,9 @@ If you want to verify it is running, modstat will do that: - % modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev + &prompt.user; modstat Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name EXEC 0 4 f09e6000 001c f09ec010 1 - linux_mod % + linux_mod &prompt.user; However, there have been reports that this fails on some 2.2-RELEASE and later systems. If for some reason you cannot load the linux LKM, then statically link the emulator @@ -31355,7 +31362,7 @@ possible to do this by hand, however, it is vastly simpler to just grab the linux_lib port: - % cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib % make all + &prompt.root; cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib &prompt.root; make all install @@ -31423,7 +31430,7 @@ - % ldd linuxxdoom libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => + &prompt.user; ldd linuxxdoom libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0 libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0 libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 @@ -31555,7 +31562,7 @@ Those running FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE should run the Linux ldconfig program. - % cd /compat/linux/lib % /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig + &prompt.root cd /compat/linux/lib &prompt.root; /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig @@ -31577,7 +31584,7 @@ itself. Supposing that you have it installed as ldd-linux, it should produce something like: - % ldd-linux `which ldd-linux` libc.so.4 (DLL Jump + &prompt.root; ldd-linux `which ldd-linux` libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 @@ -31792,7 +31799,7 @@ example, unpack this into /usr/local/Mathematica: - % cd /usr/local % mkdir Mathematica % cd Mathematica % + &prompt.root; cd /usr/local &prompt.root; mkdir Mathematica &prompt.root; cd Mathematica &prompt.root; tar -xvf /cdrom/LINUX.TAR @@ -31810,9 +31817,9 @@ libraries and unpacked the mathematica you can obtain the `machine ID' by running the program `mathinfo' in the Install directory. - % cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install % mathinfo LINUX: + &prompt.root; cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install &prompt.root; mathinfo LINUX: 'ioctl' fd=5, typ=0x89(), num=0x27 not implemented - richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu 9845-03452-90255 % + richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu 9845-03452-90255 &prompt.root; So, for example, the `machine ID' of `richc' is `9845-03452-90255'. You can ignore the message about the ioctl that is not implemented. It will not prevent Mathematica from @@ -31827,7 +31834,7 @@ You can do this by invoking: - % cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install % + &prompt.root; cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install &prompt.root; math.install It will ask you to enter your license number and the Wolfram supplied password. If you get them mixed up or @@ -34812,7 +34819,7 @@ In the body of your message. For example, to subscribe yourself to freebsd-announce, you'd do: - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce + &prompt.user; mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce ^D If you want to subscribe yourself under a different name, or submit a subscription request for a local @@ -34820,7 +34827,7 @@ interested parties at one site, and highly appreciated by us!), you would do something like: - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce + &prompt.user; mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG subscribe freebsd-announce local-announce@somesite.com ^D Finally, it is also possible to unsubscribe yourself from a list, get a list of other list members or see the @@ -34828,7 +34835,7 @@ messages to majordomo. For a complete list of available commands, do this: - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG help ^D + &prompt.user; mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG help ^D Again, we would like to request that you keep discussion in the technical mailing lists on a technical track. If you are only interested in the high points then it is