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Add a nascent chapter on virtualization. The first two sectioons

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describe the process of installing FreeBSD as a guest OS on Parllels
with Intel based Macs, and installing FreeBSD domU on a Slackware
Linux dom0 with Xen 3.0.

Xen section contributed by: Fukang CHEN <loader@freebsdmall.com>
This commit is contained in:
Murray Stokely 2007-04-06 07:36:19 +00:00
parent e5b231493a
commit b3aa219cf2
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00 
svn path=/head/; revision=29941
2 changed files with 500 additions and 0 deletions
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization
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#
# Build the Handbook with just the content from this chapter.
#
# $FreeBSD$
#
CHAPTERS= virtualization/chapter.sgml
VPATH= ..
MASTERDOC= ${.CURDIR}/../${DOC}.${DOCBOOKSUFFIX}
DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../../..
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<!--
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
$FreeBSD$
-->
<chapter id="virtualization">
<chapterinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Murray</firstname>
<surname>Stokely</surname>
<contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<!-- Mar 2007 -->
</chapterinfo>
<title>Virtualization</title>
<sect1 id="virualization-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title>
<para>Virtualization software allows multiple operating systems
to run simultaneously on the same computer. Such software
systems for PCs often involve a host operating system which runs
the virtualization software and supports any number of guest
operating systems.</para>
<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The difference between a host operating system and a
guest operating system.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to install FreeBSD on Linux with Xen.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to install FreeBSD on an Intel-based Apple Macintosh
computer.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to tune a FreeBSD system for best performance under
virtualization.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Understand the basics of &unix; and FreeBSD (<xref
linkend="basics">).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Know how to install FreeBSD (<xref
linkend="install">).</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Know how to set up your network connection (<xref
linkend="advanced-networking">).</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Know how to install additional third-party
software (<xref linkend="ports">).</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="virtualization-guest">
<title>FreeBSD as a Guest OS</title>
<sect2 id="virtualization-guest-parallels">
<title>Parallels on MacOS</title>
<para>Parallels Desktop for Mac is a commercial software product
available for Intel based Apple Mac computers running MacOS
10.4.6 or higher. FreeBSD is a fully supported guest
operating system. Once Parallels has been installed on MacOS
X, the user must configure a virtual machine and then install
the desired guest operating system.</para>
<sect3 id="virtualization-guest-parallels-install">
<title>Installing FreeBSD on Parallels/MacOS X</title>
<para>The first step in installing FreeBSD on MacOS
X/Parallels is to create a new virtual machine for
installing FreeBSD. Select 'FreeBSD' as the Guest OS Type
when prompted, and choose a reasonable amount of disk and
memory depending on your plans for this virtual FreeBSD
instance. 4GB and 512MB of RAM work well for most uses of
FreeBSD under Parallels.</para>
<para>After your FreeBSD virtual machine has been created,
you will need to install FreeBSD on it. This is best done
with an official FreeBSD CDROM or with an ISO image
downloaded from an official FTP site. When you have the
appropriate ISO image on your local Mac filesystem or a
CDROM in your Mac's CD drive, click on the disc icon in the
bottom right corner of your FreeBSD Parallels window. This
will bring up a window that allows you to associate the
CDROM drive in your virtual machine with an ISO file on
disk or with your real CDROM drive.</para>
<para>Once you have made this association with your CDROM
source, reboot your FreeBSD virtual machine as normal by
clicking the reboot icon. Parallels will reboot with a
special BIOS that first checks if you have a CDROM just as a
normal BIOS would do. In this case it will find the FreeBSD
installation media and begin a normal sysinstall based
installation as described in <xref linkend="install">. You
may install, but do not attempt to configure X-Windows at
this time. When you have finished the installation, reboot
into your newly installed FreeBSD virtual machine.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="virtualization-guest-parallels-configure">
<title>Configuring FreeBSD on MacOS X/Parallels</title>
<para>After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on MacOS
X with Parallels, there are a number of configuration
steps that can be taken to optimize the system for
virtualized operation.</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<title>Set boot loader variables.</title>
<para>The most important step is to reduce the
<option>kern.hz</option> tunable to reduce the CPU utilization
of FreeBSD under the Parallels environment. This is
accomplished by adding the following line to
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>kern.hz=100</programlisting>
<para>Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD parallels guest
OS will use roughly 15% of the cpu of a single
processor iMac. After this change the usage will be
closer to a mere 5%.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Create a new kernel configuration file.</title>
<para>You can remove all of the SCSI, firewire, and USB
device drivers. Paralells provides a virtual network
adapter used by the <option>ed</option> driver, so
all other network devices except for
<option>ed</option> and <option>miibus</option> can be
removed from the kernel.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Setup networking.</title>
<para>The most basic networking setup involves simply
using DHCP to connect your virtual machine to the same
local area network as your host Mac. This can be
accomplished by adding
<literal>ifconfig_ed0="DHCP"</literal> to
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. More advanced
networking setups are described in <xref
linkend="advanced-networking">.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="virtualization-guest-xen">
<sect2info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Fukang</firstname>
<surname>Chen (Loader)</surname>
<contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<!-- Mar/Apr 2007 -->
</sect2info>
<title>FreeBSD with Xen on Linux</title>
<para>The Xen hypervisor is an open source paravirtualization
product which is now supported by the commercial XenSource
company. Guest operating systems are known as domU domains,
and the host operating system is known as dom0. The first
step in running a virtual FreeBSD instance under Linux is to install
Xen for Linux dom0.</para>
<sect3 id="xen-slackware-dom0">
<title>Setup Xen 3 on Linux Dom0</title>
<procedure>
<step>
<title>Download Xen 3.0 from XenSource</title>
<para>Download <ulink
url="http://bits.xensource.com/oss-xen/release/3.0.4-1/src.tgz/xen-3.0.4_1-src.tgz">xen-3.0.4_1-src.tgz</ulink>
from <ulink url="http://www.xensource.com/"></ulink>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Unpack the tarball</title>
<screen>&prompt.root; cd xen-3.0.4_1-src
&prompt.root; KERNELS="linux-2.6-xen0 linux-2.6-xenU" make world
&prompt.root; make install</screen>
<note>
<para>To re-compile the kernel for Dom0:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; cd xen-3.0.4_1-src/linux-2.6.16.33-xen0
&prompt.root; make menuconfig
&prompt.root; make
&prompt.root; make install</screen>
<para>Older version of Xen may need to specify
<command>make ARCH=xen menuconfig</command></para>
</note>
</step>
<step>
<title>Add a menu entry into Grub menu.lst</title>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>vi</command> <filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename></userinput></screen>
<programlisting>title Xen-3.0.4
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/xen-3.0.4-1.gz dom0_mem=262144
module /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.16.33-xen0 root=/dev/hda1 ro</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<title>Reboot your computer into Xen</title>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>vi</command> <filename>/etc/xen/xend-config.sxp</filename></userinput>
(network-script 'network-bridge netdev=eth0')</screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/init.d/xend start</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/init.d/xendomains start</userinput></screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>xm</command> list</userinput>
Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s)
Domain-0 0 256 1 r----- 54452.9</screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>FreeBSD 7-CURRENT domU</title>
<para>Download the FreeBSD domU kernel for Xen 3.0 and
disk image from <ulink
url="http://www.fsmware.com/">http://www.fsmware.com/</ulink></para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.fsmware.com/xenofreebsd/7.0/download/kernel-current">kernel-current</ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.fsmware.com/xenofreebsd/7.0/download/mdroot-7.0.bz2">mdroot-7.0.bz2</ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.fsmware.com/xenofreebsd/7.0/download/config/xmexample1.bsd">xmexample1.bsd</ulink></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Put the config file <filename>xmexample1.bsd</filename>
into <filename>/etc/xen/</filename> and modify the related
entries about where stores the kernel and the disk image,
it should look like this:</para>
<programlisting>kernel = "/opt/kernel-current"
memory = 256
name = "freebsd"
vif = [ '' ]
disk = [ 'file:/opt/mdroot-7.0,hda1,w' ]
#on_crash = 'preserve'
extra = "boot_verbose"
extra += ",boot_single"
extra += ",kern.hz=100"
extra += ",vfs.root.mountfrom=ufs:/dev/xbd769a"</programlisting>
<para><filename>mdroot-7.0.bz2</filename> should be
uncompressed</para>
<para>And also in the <filename>kernel-current</filename>,
fix the __xen_guest section to add the VIRT_BASE that
Xen 3.0.3 requires, </para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>objcopy</command> <filename>kernel-current</filename> -R __xen_guest</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput><command>perl</command> -e 'print "LOADER=generic,GUEST_OS=freebsd,GUEST_VER=7.0,XEN_VER=xen-3.0,BSD_SYMTAB,VIRT_BASE=0xC0000000\x00"' &gt; <filename>tmp</filename></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput><command>objcopy</command> <filename>kernel-current</filename> --add-section __xen_guest=<filename>tmp</filename></userinput></screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>objdump</command> -j __xen_guest -s <filename>kernel-current</filename></userinput>
kernel-current: file format elf32-i386
Contents of section __xen_guest:
0000 4c4f4144 45523d67 656e6572 69632c47 LOADER=generic,G
0010 55455354 5f4f533d 66726565 6273642c UEST_OS=freebsd,
0020 47554553 545f5645 523d372e 302c5845 GUEST_VER=7.0,XE
0030 4e5f5645 523d7865 6e2d332e 302c4253 N_VER=xen-3.0,BS
0040 445f5359 4d544142 2c564952 545f4241 D_SYMTAB,VIRT_BA
0050 53453d30 78433030 30303030 3000 SE=0xC0000000. </screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>xm</command> create <filename>/etc/xen/xmexample1.bsd</filename> -c</userinput>
Using config file "/etc/xen/xmexample1.bsd".
Started domain freebsd
WARNING: loader(8) metadata is missing!
Copyright (c) 1992-2006 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 7.0-CURRENT #113: Wed Jan 4 06:25:43 UTC 2006
kmacy@freebsd7.gateway.2wire.net:/usr/home/kmacy/p4/freebsd7_xen3/src/sys/i386-xen/compile/XENCONF
WARNING: DIAGNOSTIC option enabled, expect reduced performance.
Xen reported: 1796.927 MHz processor.
Timecounter "ixen" frequency 1796927000 Hz quality 0
CPU: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 1.80GHz (1796.93-MHz 686-class CPU)
Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0xf29 Stepping = 9
Features=0xbfebfbff&lt;FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH,
DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE&gt;
Features2=0x4400&lt;CNTX-ID,&lt;b14&gt;&gt;
real memory = 265244672 (252 MB)
avail memory = 255963136 (244 MB)
xc0: &lt;Xen Console&gt; on motherboard
cpu0 on motherboard
Timecounters tick every 10.000 msec
[XEN] Initialising virtual ethernet driver.
xn0: Ethernet address: 00:16:3e:6b:de:3a
[XEN]
Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/xbd769a
WARNING: / was not properly dismounted
Loading configuration files.
No suitable dump device was found.
Entropy harvesting: interrupts ethernet point_to_point kickstart.
Starting file system checks:
/dev/xbd769a: 18859 files, 140370 used, 113473 free (10769 frags, 12838 blocks, 4.2% fragmentation)
Setting hostname: demo.freebsd.org.
lo0: flags=8049&lt;UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 16384
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
Additional routing options:.
Mounting NFS file systems:.
Starting syslogd.
/etc/rc: WARNING: Dump device does not exist. Savecore not run.
ELF ldconfig path: /lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/compat /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/lib
a.out ldconfig path: /usr/lib/aout /usr/lib/compat/aout /usr/X11R6/lib/aout
Starting usbd.
usb: Kernel module not available: No such file or directory
Starting local daemons:.
Updating motd.
Starting sshd.
Initial i386 initialization:.
Additional ABI support: linux.
Starting cron.
Local package initialization:.
Additional TCP options:.
Starting background file system checks in 60 seconds.
Sun Apr 1 02:11:43 UTC 2007
FreeBSD/i386 (demo.freebsd.org) (xc0)
login: </screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>uname</command> -a</userinput>
FreeBSD demo.freebsd.org 7.0-CURRENT FreeBSD 7.0-CURRENT #113: Wed Jan 4 06:25:43 UTC 2006
kmacy@freebsd7.gateway.2wire.net:/usr/home/kmacy/p4/freebsd7_xen3/src/sys/i386-xen/compile/XENCONF i386</screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>ifconfig</command> xn0 10.10.10.200 netmask 255.0.0.0</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput><command>ifconfig</command></userinput>
xn0: flags=843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX&gt; mtu 1500
inet 10.10.10.200 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 10.255.255.255
ether 00:16:3e:6b:de:3a
lo0: flags=8049&lt;UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 16384
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x2
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 </screen>
<para>On Dom0 Slackware:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>ifconfig</command></userinput>
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:07:E9:A0:02:C2
inet addr:10.10.10.130 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:815 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1400 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:204857 (200.0 KiB) TX bytes:129915 (126.8 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:99 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:99 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:9744 (9.5 KiB) TX bytes:9744 (9.5 KiB)
peth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1853349 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:952923 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2432115831 (2.2 GiB) TX bytes:86528526 (82.5 MiB)
Base address:0xc000 Memory:ef020000-ef040000
vif0.1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1400 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:815 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:129915 (126.8 KiB) TX bytes:204857 (200.0 KiB)
vif1.0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:157 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:140 (140.0 b) TX bytes:158 (158.0 b)
xenbr1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:112 (112.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)</screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><command>brctl</command> show</userinput>
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
xenbr1 8000.feffffffffff no vif0.1
peth0
vif1.0</screen>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="virtualization-guest-vmware">
<title>VMWare on Windows/Mac/Linux</title>
<para>This section has yet to be written.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="virtualization-host">
<title>FreeBSD as a Host OS</title>
<para>FreeBSD is not officially supported by any virtualization
package as a host operating system at this time, but many people
use older versions of VMWare in this capacity. Work is also
ongoing in getting Xen to work as a host environment on
FreeBSD.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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