- Use trademark entities.

- Add trademark attributions.
- Don't join trademarks with other words, e.g. using hyphens.
- Don't use trademarks as nouns (e.g. don't use "Windows NT's").
This commit is contained in:
Simon L. B. Nielsen 2003-09-18 15:32:54 +00:00
parent 71ec5dfb5c
commit b8494fd2f5
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=18148
7 changed files with 151 additions and 93 deletions

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@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
<!DOCTYPE ARTICLE PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [ <!DOCTYPE ARTICLE PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [
<!ENTITY % authors PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Author Entities//EN"> <!ENTITY % authors PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Author Entities//EN">
%authors; %authors;
<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//EN">
%trademarks;
]> ]>
<article> <article>
@ -25,10 +28,19 @@
<pubdate>6 August 1996</pubdate> <pubdate>6 August 1996</pubdate>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.ibm;
&tm-attrib.linux;
&tm-attrib.microsoft;
&tm-attrib.powerquest;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>This document discusses how to make FreeBSD coexist nicely <para>This document discusses how to make FreeBSD coexist nicely
with other popular operating systems such as Linux, MS-DOS, with other popular operating systems such as Linux, &ms-dos;,
OS/2, and Windows 95. Special thanks to: Annelise Anderson &os2;, and &windows; 95. Special thanks to: Annelise Anderson
<email>andrsn@stanford.edu</email>, Randall Hopper <email>andrsn@stanford.edu</email>, Randall Hopper
<email>rhh@ct.picker.com</email>, and &a.jkh;.</para> <email>rhh@ct.picker.com</email>, and &a.jkh;.</para>
</abstract> </abstract>
@ -55,7 +67,7 @@
URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/tools/">ftp</ulink>) URL="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/tools/">ftp</ulink>)
useful. It lets you repartition your hard disk without useful. It lets you repartition your hard disk without
destroying the data already on it. There is also a commercial destroying the data already on it. There is also a commercial
program available called <application>Partition&nbsp;Magic</application>, which lets you size program available called <application>&partitionmagic;</application>, which lets you size
and delete partitions without consequence.</para> and delete partitions without consequence.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
@ -74,18 +86,18 @@
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>This is the default boot manager used with FreeBSD. <para>This is the default boot manager used with FreeBSD.
It has the ability to boot most anything, including BSD, It has the ability to boot most anything, including BSD,
OS/2 (HPFS), Windows 95 (FAT and FAT32), and Linux. &os2; (HPFS), &windows; 95 (FAT and FAT32), and Linux.
Partitions are selected with the function keys.</para> Partitions are selected with the function keys.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term>OS/2 Boot Manager</term> <term>&os2; Boot Manager</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>This will boot FAT, FAT32, HPFS, FFS (FreeBSD), and EXT2 <para>This will boot FAT, FAT32, HPFS, FFS (FreeBSD), and EXT2
(Linux). Partitions (Linux). Partitions
are selected using arrow keys. The OS/2 Boot Manager is are selected using arrow keys. The &os2; Boot Manager is
the only one to use its own separate partition, unlike the the only one to use its own separate partition, unlike the
others which use the master boot record (MBR). Therefore, others which use the master boot record (MBR). Therefore,
it must be installed below the 1024th cylinder to avoid it must be installed below the 1024th cylinder to avoid
@ -93,7 +105,7 @@
part of the boot sector, not the MBR. Go to <ulink part of the boot sector, not the MBR. Go to <ulink
URL="http://www.linuxresources.com/LDP/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX.html">Linux URL="http://www.linuxresources.com/LDP/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX.html">Linux
HOWTOs</ulink> on the World Wide Web for more HOWTOs</ulink> on the World Wide Web for more
information on booting Linux with OS/2's boot information on booting Linux with the &os2; boot
manager.</para> manager.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -129,7 +141,7 @@
<para>FAT32 is the replacement to the FAT filesystem included in <para>FAT32 is the replacement to the FAT filesystem included in
Microsoft's OEM SR2 Beta release, which started replacing FAT Microsoft's OEM SR2 Beta release, which started replacing FAT
on computers pre-loaded with Windows 95 towards the on computers pre-loaded with &windows; 95 towards the
end of 1996. It converts the normal FAT filesystem and end of 1996. It converts the normal FAT filesystem and
allows you to use smaller cluster sizes for larger hard allows you to use smaller cluster sizes for larger hard
drives. FAT32 also modifies the traditional FAT boot sector drives. FAT32 also modifies the traditional FAT boot sector
@ -142,7 +154,7 @@
<title>A Typical Installation</title> <title>A Typical Installation</title>
<para>Let's say I have two large EIDE hard drives, and I want to <para>Let's say I have two large EIDE hard drives, and I want to
install FreeBSD, Linux, and Windows 95 on them.</para> install FreeBSD, Linux, and &windows; 95 on them.</para>
<para>Here is how I might do it using these hard disks:</para> <para>Here is how I might do it using these hard disks:</para>
@ -160,16 +172,16 @@
<procedure> <procedure>
<step> <step>
<para>I boot from a MS-DOS or Windows 95 boot disk that <para>I boot from a &ms-dos; or &windows; 95 boot disk that
contains the <filename>FDISK.EXE</filename> utility and make a small contains the <filename>FDISK.EXE</filename> utility and make a small
50&nbsp;MB primary partition (35-40 for Windows 95, plus a 50&nbsp;MB primary partition (35-40 for &windows; 95, plus a
little breathing room) on the first disk. Also create a little breathing room) on the first disk. Also create a
larger partition on the second hard disk for my Windows larger partition on the second hard disk for my &windows;
applications and data.</para> applications and data.</para>
</step> </step>
<step> <step>
<para>I reboot and install Windows 95 (easier said than done) <para>I reboot and install &windows; 95 (easier said than done)
on the <filename>C:</filename> partition.</para> on the <filename>C:</filename> partition.</para>
</step> </step>
@ -197,13 +209,13 @@
rest of the hard drive (about 270&nbsp;MB) for the rest of the hard drive (about 270&nbsp;MB) for the
<filename class="directory">/usr</filename> and <filename class="directory">/</filename> slices if I wish. The <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> and <filename class="directory">/</filename> slices if I wish. The
rest of the second hard disk (size depends on the amount of rest of the second hard disk (size depends on the amount of
my Windows application/data partition that I created in step my &windows; application/data partition that I created in step
1) can go to the <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename> slice and swap 1) can go to the <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename> slice and swap
space.</para> space.</para>
</step> </step>
<step> <step>
<para>When viewed with the Windows 95 <command>fdisk</command> <para>When viewed with the &windows; 95 <command>fdisk</command>
utility, my hard drives should now look something like this: utility, my hard drives should now look something like this:
<screen>--------------------------------------------------------------------- <screen>---------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -242,7 +254,7 @@ Press Esc to continue
<para>Install FreeBSD. I make sure to boot with my first hard <para>Install FreeBSD. I make sure to boot with my first hard
disk set at <quote>NORMAL</quote> in the BIOS. If it is not, disk set at <quote>NORMAL</quote> in the BIOS. If it is not,
I will have the enter my true disk geometry at boot time (to I will have the enter my true disk geometry at boot time (to
get this, boot Windows 95 and consult Microsoft Diagnostics get this, boot &windows; 95 and consult Microsoft Diagnostics
(<filename>MSD.EXE</filename>), or check your BIOS) with the (<filename>MSD.EXE</filename>), or check your BIOS) with the
parameter <literal>hd0=1416,16,63</literal> where parameter <literal>hd0=1416,16,63</literal> where
<replaceable>1416</replaceable> is the number of cylinders on my hard <replaceable>1416</replaceable> is the number of cylinders on my hard
@ -259,7 +271,7 @@ Press Esc to continue
<step> <step>
<para>When I reboot, Boot Easy should recognize my three <para>When I reboot, Boot Easy should recognize my three
bootable partitions as DOS (Windows 95), Linux, and BSD bootable partitions as DOS (&windows; 95), Linux, and BSD
(FreeBSD).</para> (FreeBSD).</para>
</step> </step>
</procedure> </procedure>
@ -269,14 +281,14 @@ Press Esc to continue
<title>Special Considerations</title> <title>Special Considerations</title>
<para>Most operating systems are very picky about where and how <para>Most operating systems are very picky about where and how
they are placed on the hard disk. Windows 95 and DOS need to be they are placed on the hard disk. &windows; 95 and DOS need to be
on the first primary partition on the first hard disk. OS/2 is on the first primary partition on the first hard disk. &os2; is
the exception. It can be installed on the first or second disk the exception. It can be installed on the first or second disk
in a primary or extended partition. If you are not sure, keep in a primary or extended partition. If you are not sure, keep
the beginning of the bootable partitions below the 1024th the beginning of the bootable partitions below the 1024th
cylinder.</para> cylinder.</para>
<para>If you install Windows 95 on an existing BSD system, it will <para>If you install &windows; 95 on an existing BSD system, it will
<quote>destroy</quote> the MBR, and you will have to reinstall your <quote>destroy</quote> the MBR, and you will have to reinstall your
previous boot manager. Boot Easy can be reinstalled by using previous boot manager. Boot Easy can be reinstalled by using
the <filename>BOOTINST.EXE</filename> utility included in the <filename class="directory">\TOOLS</filename> directory on the the <filename>BOOTINST.EXE</filename> utility included in the <filename class="directory">\TOOLS</filename> directory on the
@ -286,16 +298,16 @@ Press Esc to continue
partition editor. From there, mark the FreeBSD partition as partition editor. From there, mark the FreeBSD partition as
bootable, select Boot Manager, and then type W to (W)rite out bootable, select Boot Manager, and then type W to (W)rite out
the information to the MBR. You can now reboot, and Boot Easy the information to the MBR. You can now reboot, and Boot Easy
should then recognize Windows 95 as DOS.</para> should then recognize &windows; 95 as DOS.</para>
<para>Please keep in mind that OS/2 can read FAT and HPFS <para>Please keep in mind that &os2; can read FAT and HPFS
partitions, but not FFS (FreeBSD) or EXT2 (Linux) partitions. partitions, but not FFS (FreeBSD) or EXT2 (Linux) partitions.
Likewise, Windows 95 can only read and write to FAT and FAT32 Likewise, &windows; 95 can only read and write to FAT and FAT32
(see <xref linkend="ch2">) partitions. FreeBSD can read most (see <xref linkend="ch2">) partitions. FreeBSD can read most
filesystems, but currently cannot read HPFS partitions. Linux filesystems, but currently cannot read HPFS partitions. Linux
can read HPFS partitions, but can not write to them. Recent can read HPFS partitions, but can not write to them. Recent
versions of the Linux kernel (2.x) can read and write to Windows versions of the Linux kernel (2.x) can read and write to &windows;
95 VFAT partitions (VFAT is what gives Windows 95 long file 95 VFAT partitions (VFAT is what gives &windows; 95 long file
names - it is pretty much the same as FAT). Linux can read and names - it is pretty much the same as FAT). Linux can read and
write to most filesystems. Got that? I hope so.</para> write to most filesystems. Got that? I hope so.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
@ -306,14 +318,14 @@ Press Esc to continue
<para><emphasis>(section needs work, please send your example to <para><emphasis>(section needs work, please send your example to
<email>jayrich@sysc.com</email>)</emphasis>.</para> <email>jayrich@sysc.com</email>)</emphasis>.</para>
<para>FreeBSD+Win95: If you installed FreeBSD after Windows 95, <para>FreeBSD + &windows; 95: If you installed FreeBSD after &windows; 95,
you should see <literal>DOS</literal> on the Boot Easy menu. This is you should see <literal>DOS</literal> on the Boot Easy menu. This is
Windows 95. If you installed Windows 95 after FreeBSD, read &windows; 95. If you installed &windows; 95 after FreeBSD, read
<xref linkend="ch4"> above. As long as your hard disk does not <xref linkend="ch4"> above. As long as your hard disk does not
have 1024 cylinders you should not have a problem booting. If have 1024 cylinders you should not have a problem booting. If
one of your partitions goes beyond the 1024th cylinder however, one of your partitions goes beyond the 1024th cylinder however,
and you get messages like <errorname>invalid system disk</errorname> and you get messages like <errorname>invalid system disk</errorname>
under DOS (Windows 95) and FreeBSD will not boot, try looking under DOS (&windows; 95) and FreeBSD will not boot, try looking
for a setting in your BIOS called <quote>&gt; 1024 cylinder for a setting in your BIOS called <quote>&gt; 1024 cylinder
support</quote> or <quote>NORMAL/LBA</quote> mode. DOS may need LBA support</quote> or <quote>NORMAL/LBA</quote> mode. DOS may need LBA
(Logical Block Addressing) in order to boot correctly. If the (Logical Block Addressing) in order to boot correctly. If the
@ -322,14 +334,14 @@ Press Esc to continue
<filename>FBSDBOOT.EXE</filename> utility on the CD (It should find your <filename>FBSDBOOT.EXE</filename> utility on the CD (It should find your
FreeBSD partition and boot it.)</para> FreeBSD partition and boot it.)</para>
<para>FreeBSD+OS/2+Win95: Nothing new here. OS/2's boot manager <para>FreeBSD + &os2; + &windows; 95: Nothing new here. The &os2; boot manager
can boot all of these operating systems, so that should not be a can boot all of these operating systems, so that should not be a
problem.</para> problem.</para>
<para>FreeBSD + Linux: You can also use Boot Easy to boot both <para>FreeBSD + Linux: You can also use Boot Easy to boot both
operating systems.</para> operating systems.</para>
<para>FreeBSD+Linux+Win95: (see <xref linkend="ch3">)</para> <para>FreeBSD + Linux + &windows; 95: (see <xref linkend="ch3">)</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 id="sources"> <sect1 id="sources">
@ -342,7 +354,7 @@ Press Esc to continue
<para>The <ulink <para>The <ulink
URL="http://www.linuxresources.com/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+DOS+Win95+OS2.html">Linux+DOS+Win95+OS2 URL="http://www.linuxresources.com/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+DOS+Win95+OS2.html">Linux+DOS+Win95+OS2
mini-HOWTO</ulink> offers help on configuring the OS/2 boot mini-HOWTO</ulink> offers help on configuring the &os2; boot
manager, and the <ulink manager, and the <ulink
URL="http://www.linuxresources.com/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html">Linux+FreeBSD URL="http://www.linuxresources.com/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+FreeBSD.html">Linux+FreeBSD
mini-HOWTO</ulink> might be interesting as well. The <ulink mini-HOWTO</ulink> might be interesting as well. The <ulink
@ -350,9 +362,9 @@ Press Esc to continue
is also helpful.</para> is also helpful.</para>
<para>The <ulink <para>The <ulink
URL="http://www.tburke.net/info/ntldr/ntldr_hacking_guide.htm">NT URL="http://www.tburke.net/info/ntldr/ntldr_hacking_guide.htm">&windowsnt;
Loader Hacking Guide</ulink> provides good information on Loader Hacking Guide</ulink> provides good information on
multibooting Windows NT, '95, and DOS with other operating multibooting &windowsnt;, &windows; 95, and DOS with other operating
systems.</para> systems.</para>
<para>And Hale Landis's <quote>How It Works</quote> document pack contains some <para>And Hale Landis's <quote>How It Works</quote> document pack contains some
@ -497,7 +509,7 @@ Press Esc to continue
<row> <row>
<entry>0A</entry> <entry>0A</entry>
<entry>OS/2</entry> <entry>&os2;</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
@ -713,7 +725,7 @@ Press Esc to continue
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>OS/2's boot manager</para> <para>The &os2; boot manager</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect3> </sect3>

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@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
%mailing-lists; %mailing-lists;
<!ENTITY % freebsd PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Miscellaneous FreeBSD Entities//EN"> <!ENTITY % freebsd PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Miscellaneous FreeBSD Entities//EN">
%freebsd; %freebsd;
<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//EN">
%trademarks;
]> ]>
<article> <article>
@ -28,14 +30,23 @@
<pubdate>August 15, 1997</pubdate> <pubdate>August 15, 1997</pubdate>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.ibm;
&tm-attrib.microsoft;
&tm-attrib.netscape;
&tm-attrib.opengroup;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>Congratulations on installing FreeBSD! This introduction <para>Congratulations on installing FreeBSD! This introduction
is for people new to both FreeBSD <emphasis>and</emphasis> is for people new to both FreeBSD <emphasis>and</emphasis>
Un*x&mdash;so it starts with basics. It assumes you are using &unix;&mdash;so it starts with basics. It assumes you are using
version 2.0.5 or later of FreeBSD as distributed by BSDi version 2.0.5 or later of FreeBSD as distributed by BSDi
or FreeBSD.org, your system (for now) has a single user or FreeBSD.org, your system (for now) has a single user
(you)&mdash;and you are probably pretty good with DOS/Windows (you)&mdash;and you are probably pretty good with DOS/&windows;
or OS/2.</para> or &os2;.</para>
</abstract> </abstract>
</articleinfo> </articleinfo>
@ -298,7 +309,7 @@
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The manual page for <replaceable>text</replaceable>. The <para>The manual page for <replaceable>text</replaceable>. The
major source of documentation for Un*x systems. major source of documentation for &unix; systems.
<command>man <parameter>ls</parameter></command> will tell <command>man <parameter>ls</parameter></command> will tell
you all the ways to use the <command>ls</command> command. you all the ways to use the <command>ls</command> command.
Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to move through text, Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to move through text,
@ -397,11 +408,11 @@
<filename>/var/log/messages</filename>.</para> <filename>/var/log/messages</filename>.</para>
<para>Running such commands is part of system <para>Running such commands is part of system
administration&mdash;and as a single user of a Unix system, administration&mdash;and as a single user of a &unix; system,
you are your own system administrator. Virtually everything you you are your own system administrator. Virtually everything you
need to be root to do is system administration. Such need to be root to do is system administration. Such
responsibilities are not covered very well even in those big fat responsibilities are not covered very well even in those big fat
books on Unix, which seem to devote a lot of space to pulling books on &unix;, which seem to devote a lot of space to pulling
down menus in windows managers. You might want to get one of down menus in windows managers. You might want to get one of
the two leading books on systems administration, either Evi the two leading books on systems administration, either Evi
Nemeth et.al.'s <citetitle>UNIX System Administration Nemeth et.al.'s <citetitle>UNIX System Administration
@ -671,7 +682,7 @@
</informalexample> </informalexample>
<para>and reboot to go to DOS. Copy these files to a DOS <para>and reboot to go to DOS. Copy these files to a DOS
directory, call them up with DOS EDIT, Windows Notepad or directory, call them up with DOS EDIT, &windows; Notepad or
Wordpad, or a word processor, make a minor change so the file Wordpad, or a word processor, make a minor change so the file
has to be saved, and print as you normally would from DOS or has to be saved, and print as you normally would from DOS or
Windows. Hope it works! manual pages come out best if printed Windows. Hope it works! manual pages come out best if printed
@ -759,7 +770,7 @@
<term><command>man hier</command></term> <term><command>man hier</command></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>manual page on the Unix filesystem</para> <para>manual page on the &unix; filesystem</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
@ -780,10 +791,10 @@
file(s) on all mounted filesystems, including the CDROM and the file(s) on all mounted filesystems, including the CDROM and the
DOS partition.</para> DOS partition.</para>
<para>An excellent book that explains Unix commands and utilities <para>An excellent book that explains &unix; commands and utilities
is Abrahams &amp; Larson, <citetitle>Unix for the is Abrahams &amp; Larson, <citetitle>Unix for the
Impatient</citetitle> (2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1996). Impatient</citetitle> (2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1996).
There is also a lot of Unix information on the Internet. Try the There is also a lot of &unix; information on the Internet. Try the
<ulink URL="http://www.geek-girl.com/unix.html">Unix Reference <ulink URL="http://www.geek-girl.com/unix.html">Unix Reference
Desk</ulink>.</para> Desk</ulink>.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>
@ -877,16 +888,16 @@
messages when you use <command>whereis</command> or which, you messages when you use <command>whereis</command> or which, you
might want to make additions to the list of directories in the might want to make additions to the list of directories in the
path statement in <filename>.cshrc</filename> in your home path statement in <filename>.cshrc</filename> in your home
directory. The path statement in Unix does the same kind of directory. The path statement in &unix; does the same kind of
work it does in DOS, except the current directory is not (by work it does in DOS, except the current directory is not (by
default) in the path for security reasons; if the command you default) in the path for security reasons; if the command you
want is in the directory you are in, you need to type want is in the directory you are in, you need to type
<filename>./</filename> before the command to make it work; no <filename>./</filename> before the command to make it work; no
space after the slash.)</para> space after the slash.)</para>
<para>You might want to get the most recent version of Netscape <para>You might want to get the most recent version of &netscape;
from their <ulink URL="ftp://ftp.netscape.com/">FTP site</ulink>. from their <ulink URL="ftp://ftp.netscape.com/">FTP site</ulink>.
(Netscape requires the X Window System.) There is now a FreeBSD (&netscape; requires the X Window System.) There is now a FreeBSD
version, so look around carefully. Just use <command>gunzip version, so look around carefully. Just use <command>gunzip
<replaceable>filename</replaceable></command> and <command>tar <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command> and <command>tar
xvf <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command> on it, move xvf <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command> on it, move
@ -907,7 +918,7 @@ setenv XNLSPATH /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/nls</programlisting>
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11</filename>; if they are not, find <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11</filename>; if they are not, find
them and put them there.</para> them and put them there.</para>
<para>If you originally got Netscape as a port using the CDROM (or <para>If you originally got &netscape; as a port using the CDROM (or
FTP), do not replace <filename>/usr/local/bin/netscape</filename> FTP), do not replace <filename>/usr/local/bin/netscape</filename>
with the new netscape binary; this is just a shell script that with the new netscape binary; this is just a shell script that
sets up the environment variables for you. Instead rename the sets up the environment variables for you. Instead rename the
@ -973,7 +984,7 @@ setenv XNLSPATH /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/nls</programlisting>
<note> <note>
<para>It can be dangerous to change root's shell to something <para>It can be dangerous to change root's shell to something
other than <command>sh</command> or <command>csh</command> on other than <command>sh</command> or <command>csh</command> on
early versions of FreeBSD and many other versions of Unix; you early versions of FreeBSD and many other versions of &unix;; you
may not have a working shell when the system puts you into may not have a working shell when the system puts you into
single user mode. The solution is to use <command>su single user mode. The solution is to use <command>su
-m</command> to become root, which will give you the -m</command> to become root, which will give you the

View file

@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [ <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [
<!ENTITY % man PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Manual Page Entities//EN"> <!ENTITY % man PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Manual Page Entities//EN">
%man; %man;
<!ENTITY % freebsd PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Miscellaneous FreeBSD Entities//EN">
%freebsd;
<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//EN">
%trademarks;
]> ]>
<!-- <!--
@ -72,6 +78,13 @@
DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 (<quote>CBOSS</quote>), DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 (<quote>CBOSS</quote>),
as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.</para> as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.</para>
</legalnotice> </legalnotice>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.opengroup;
&tm-attrib.sun;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
</articleinfo> </articleinfo>
<section id="pam-intro"> <section id="pam-intro">
@ -94,21 +107,7 @@
<para>Although this article focuses primarily on FreeBSD 5.x, <para>Although this article focuses primarily on FreeBSD 5.x,
which uses OpenPAM, it should be equally applicable to FreeBSD which uses OpenPAM, it should be equally applicable to FreeBSD
4.x, which uses Linux-PAM, and other operating systems such as 4.x, which uses Linux-PAM, and other operating systems such as
Linux and Solaris.</para> Linux and &solaris;.</para>
<section id="pam-trademarks">
<title id="pam-trademarks.title">Trademarks</title>
<para>Sun, Sun Microsystems, SunOS and Solaris are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.</para>
<para>UNIX and The Open Group are trademarks or registered
trademarks of The Open Group.</para>
<para>All other brand or product names mentioned in this
document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective owners.</para>
</section>
</section> </section>
<section id="pam-terms"> <section id="pam-terms">
@ -511,7 +510,7 @@ sshd password required pam_permit.so</programlisting>
module is a self-contained piece of program code that module is a self-contained piece of program code that
implements the primitives in one or more facilities for one implements the primitives in one or more facilities for one
particular mechanism; possible mechanisms for the particular mechanism; possible mechanisms for the
authentication facility, for instance, include the UNIX authentication facility, for instance, include the &unix;
password database, NIS, LDAP and Radius.</para> password database, NIS, LDAP and Radius.</para>
<section id="pam-module-naming"> <section id="pam-module-naming">
@ -520,11 +519,11 @@ sshd password required pam_permit.so</programlisting>
<para>FreeBSD implements each mechanism in a single module, <para>FreeBSD implements each mechanism in a single module,
named named
<literal>pam_<replaceable>mechanism</replaceable>.so</literal> <literal>pam_<replaceable>mechanism</replaceable>.so</literal>
(for instance, <literal>pam_unix.so</literal> for the Unix (for instance, <literal>pam_unix.so</literal> for the &unix;
mechanism.) Other implementations sometimes have separate mechanism.) Other implementations sometimes have separate
modules for separate facilities, and include the facility modules for separate facilities, and include the facility
name as well as the mechanism name in the module name. To name as well as the mechanism name in the module name. To
name one example, Solaris has a name one example, &solaris; has a
<literal>pam_dial_auth.so.1</literal> module which is <literal>pam_dial_auth.so.1</literal> module which is
commonly used to authenticate dialup users.</para> commonly used to authenticate dialup users.</para>
</section> </section>
@ -547,7 +546,7 @@ sshd password required pam_permit.so</programlisting>
applications to take advantage of the most recent applications to take advantage of the most recent
modules.</para> modules.</para>
<para>Although Solaris PAM modules commonly have a version <para>Although &solaris; PAM modules commonly have a version
number, they're not truly versioned, because the number is a number, they're not truly versioned, because the number is a
part of the module name and must be included in the part of the module name and must be included in the
configuration.</para> configuration.</para>
@ -588,8 +587,8 @@ sshd password required pam_permit.so</programlisting>
rest of the chain is executed, but the request is rest of the chain is executed, but the request is
ultimately denied.</para> ultimately denied.</para>
<para>This control flag was introduced by Sun in Solaris 9 <para>This control flag was introduced by Sun in &solaris; 9
(SunOS 5.9), and is also supported by OpenPAM.</para> (&sunos; 5.9), and is also supported by OpenPAM.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -774,7 +773,7 @@ sshd password required pam_permit.so</programlisting>
not&mdash;except that entries for the <literal>other</literal> not&mdash;except that entries for the <literal>other</literal>
service, which serves as a fall-back, should come last. The service, which serves as a fall-back, should come last. The
examples in the original PAM paper grouped configuration lines examples in the original PAM paper grouped configuration lines
by facility, and Solaris' stock <filename>pam.conf</filename> by facility, and the &solaris; stock <filename>pam.conf</filename>
still does that, but FreeBSD's stock configuration groups still does that, but FreeBSD's stock configuration groups
configuration lines by service. Either way is fine; either configuration lines by service. Either way is fine; either
way makes equal sense.</para> way makes equal sense.</para>
@ -857,7 +856,7 @@ sshd password required pam_permit.so</programlisting>
the action to associate with each possible return code, but the action to associate with each possible return code, but
this should be avoided as it is non-standard and closely tied this should be avoided as it is non-standard and closely tied
in with the way Linux-PAM dispatches service calls (which in with the way Linux-PAM dispatches service calls (which
differs greatly from the way Solaris and OpenPAM do it.) differs greatly from the way &solaris; and OpenPAM do it.)
Unsurprisingly, OpenPAM does not support this syntax.</para> Unsurprisingly, OpenPAM does not support this syntax.</para>
</section> </section>
@ -1152,7 +1151,7 @@ sshd password required pam_permit.so</programlisting>
<section id="pam-modules-unix"> <section id="pam-modules-unix">
<title id="pam-modules-unix.title">&man.pam.unix.8;</title> <title id="pam-modules-unix.title">&man.pam.unix.8;</title>
<para>The &man.pam.unix.8; module implements traditional Unix <para>The &man.pam.unix.8; module implements traditional &unix;
password authentication, using &man.getpwnam.3; to obtain the password authentication, using &man.getpwnam.3; to obtain the
target account's password and compare it with the one provided target account's password and compare it with the one provided
by the applicant. It also provides account management by the applicant. It also provides account management

View file

@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
<!ENTITY % misc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Miscellaneous FreeBSD Entities//EN"> <!ENTITY % misc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Miscellaneous FreeBSD Entities//EN">
%misc; %misc;
<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//EN">
%trademarks;
]> ]>
<article> <article>
@ -26,9 +29,15 @@
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate> <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.intel;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>This article details the method used to allow machines to install <para>This article details the method used to allow machines to install
FreeBSD using the Intel PXE method of booting a machine over a network. FreeBSD using the &intel; PXE method of booting a machine over a network.
</para> </para>
</abstract> </abstract>
</articleinfo> </articleinfo>
@ -62,7 +71,7 @@
</informaltable> </informaltable>
<para>Requires: <para>Requires:
Clients supporting the Intel PXE netboot option, an Ethernet connection. Clients supporting the &intel; PXE netboot option, an Ethernet connection.
</para> </para>
<para>Please let me know if you come across anything you have problems with <para>Please let me know if you come across anything you have problems with
@ -72,7 +81,7 @@
for you, please send email so that we can discuss terms.</para> for you, please send email so that we can discuss terms.</para>
<para>I would also like to thank &a.ps; and &a.jhb; for doing most of the <para>I would also like to thank &a.ps; and &a.jhb; for doing most of the
programming work on pxeboot, the interface to Intel's PXE (netboot) programming work on pxeboot, the interface to the &intel; PXE (netboot)
system.</para> system.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>

View file

@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
%freebsd; %freebsd;
<!ENTITY % authors PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Author Entities//EN"> <!ENTITY % authors PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Author Entities//EN">
%authors; %authors;
<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//EN">
%trademarks;
]> ]>
<article> <article>
@ -29,6 +31,13 @@
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate> <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.intel;
&tm-attrib.xfree86;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>This paper describes the approach used by the FreeBSD <para>This paper describes the approach used by the FreeBSD
release engineering team to produce a high quality package set release engineering team to produce a high quality package set
@ -81,8 +90,8 @@
installed.</para> installed.</para>
<para>The <quote>Ports Cluster</quote> for the x86 architecture <para>The <quote>Ports Cluster</quote> for the x86 architecture
currently consists of a master node (Dual Pentium III 733MHz) currently consists of a master node (Dual &pentium; III 733MHz)
and 8 slave nodes (Pentium III 800MHz) to do the actual and 8 slave nodes (&pentium; III 800MHz) to do the actual
package builds. With this configuration, a complete package package builds. With this configuration, a complete package
build takes over 24 hours. These machines are co-located with build takes over 24 hours. These machines are co-located with
the other FreeBSD Project equipment at Yahoo's corner of the other FreeBSD Project equipment at Yahoo's corner of
@ -178,7 +187,7 @@
<listitem><para>This script removes lines from an <listitem><para>This script removes lines from an
<filename>INDEX</filename> file for packages that are not present. <filename>INDEX</filename> file for packages that are not present.
It also removes the XFree86 dependencies. NOTE: you will need to It also removes the &xfree86; dependencies. NOTE: you will need to
tweak the value of the <varname>xdep</varname> variable to make sure tweak the value of the <varname>xdep</varname> variable to make sure
the version number is correct.</para></listitem> the version number is correct.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -221,7 +230,7 @@
<filename>print-cdrom-packages.sh</filename> and that it is <filename>print-cdrom-packages.sh</filename> and that it is
from the correct release.</para></listitem> from the correct release.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Check to make sure the XFree86 dependency in <listitem><para>Check to make sure the &xfree86; dependency in
<filename>scrubindex.pl</filename> has the correct <filename>scrubindex.pl</filename> has the correct
version number. You will also need to make sure this value is version number. You will also need to make sure this value is
correct in <filename>doit.sh</filename> as correct in <filename>doit.sh</filename> as

View file

@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
%man; %man;
<!ENTITY % freebsd PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Miscellaneous FreeBSD Entities//EN"> <!ENTITY % freebsd PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Miscellaneous FreeBSD Entities//EN">
%freebsd; %freebsd;
<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//EN">
%trademarks;
<!ENTITY art.re.pkgs '<ulink url="../releng-packages/article.html">The Release Engineering of Third Party Packages</ulink>'> <!ENTITY art.re.pkgs '<ulink url="../releng-packages/article.html">The Release Engineering of Third Party Packages</ulink>'>
]> ]>
@ -47,6 +49,14 @@
</authorgroup> </authorgroup>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate> <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.intel;
&tm-attrib.xfree86;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>This paper describes the approach used by the FreeBSD <para>This paper describes the approach used by the FreeBSD
release engineering team to make production quality releases release engineering team to make production quality releases
@ -600,14 +610,14 @@
</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2> <sect2>
<title>Building <application>XFree86</application></title> <title>Building <application>&xfree86;</application></title>
<para><application>XFree86</application> is an important component for many desktop users. <para><application>&xfree86;</application> is an important component for many desktop users.
Prior to FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE, releases used XFree86 Prior to FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE, releases used &xfree86;
3.<replaceable>X</replaceable> by default. 3.<replaceable>X</replaceable> by default.
The easiest way to build these versions is to use the The easiest way to build these versions is to use the
<filename>src/release/scripts/X11/build_x.sh</filename> script. <filename>src/release/scripts/X11/build_x.sh</filename> script.
This script requires that XFree86 and Tcl/Tk already be This script requires that &xfree86; and Tcl/Tk already be
installed on the build host. After compiling the necessary X installed on the build host. After compiling the necessary X
servers, the script will package all of the files into tarballs servers, the script will package all of the files into tarballs
that &man.sysinstall.8; expects to find in the that &man.sysinstall.8; expects to find in the
@ -615,7 +625,7 @@
media.</para> media.</para>
<para>Beginning with FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE, &man.sysinstall.8; <para>Beginning with FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE, &man.sysinstall.8;
installs XFree86 4.<replaceable>X</replaceable> by default, as a installs &xfree86; 4.<replaceable>X</replaceable> by default, as a
set of <quote>normal</quote> packages. These can either be the set of <quote>normal</quote> packages. These can either be the
packages generated by the package-building cluster or packages packages generated by the package-building cluster or packages
built from an appropriately tagged ports tree.</para> built from an appropriately tagged ports tree.</para>
@ -673,14 +683,14 @@
release</command>. The only changes release</command>. The only changes
that should be made to the <filename>disc1</filename> directory are the addition of that should be made to the <filename>disc1</filename> directory are the addition of
a <filename>tools</filename> directory, <application a <filename>tools</filename> directory, <application
class="software">XFree86</application>, and as many popular class="software">&xfree86;</application>, and as many popular
third party software packages as will fit on the disc. The third party software packages as will fit on the disc. The
<filename>tools</filename> directory contains software that allow users to create <filename>tools</filename> directory contains software that allow users to create
installation floppies from other operating systems. This disc installation floppies from other operating systems. This disc
should be made bootable so that users of modern PCs do not should be made bootable so that users of modern PCs do not
need to create installation floppy disks.</para> need to create installation floppy disks.</para>
<para>If an alternate version of XFree86 is to be provided, then <para>If an alternate version of &xfree86; is to be provided, then
&man.sysinstall.8; must be updated to reflect the new location &man.sysinstall.8; must be updated to reflect the new location
and installation instructions. The relevant code is contained and installation instructions. The relevant code is contained
in <filename>src/release/sysinstall</filename> on -STABLE or in <filename>src/release/sysinstall</filename> on -STABLE or
@ -862,7 +872,7 @@
<para>The FreeBSD system installation and configuration tool, <para>The FreeBSD system installation and configuration tool,
&man.sysinstall.8;, can be scripted to provide automated installs &man.sysinstall.8;, can be scripted to provide automated installs
for large sites. This functionality can be used in conjunction for large sites. This functionality can be used in conjunction
with Intel's PXE[13] to bootstrap systems from the network, or with &intel; PXE[13] to bootstrap systems from the network, or
via custom boot floppies with a sysinstall script. An example via custom boot floppies with a sysinstall script. An example
sysinstall script is available in the CVS tree as sysinstall script is available in the CVS tree as
<filename>src/release/sysinstall/install.cfg</filename>.</para> <filename>src/release/sysinstall/install.cfg</filename>.</para>

View file

@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
%man; %man;
<!ENTITY % authors PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Author Entities//EN"> <!ENTITY % authors PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Author Entities//EN">
%authors; %authors;
<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//EN">
%trademarks;
]> ]>
<article> <article>
@ -22,6 +24,12 @@
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate> <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.microsoft;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>This article talks about using serial hardware with FreeBSD.</para> <para>This article talks about using serial hardware with FreeBSD.</para>
</abstract> </abstract>
@ -986,10 +994,10 @@
used at all with a given operating system or driver. These used at all with a given operating system or driver. These
differences may show up when using other drivers, or when differences may show up when using other drivers, or when
particular combinations of events occur that were not well particular combinations of events occur that were not well
tested or considered in the Windows driver. This is because tested or considered in the &windows; driver. This is because
most modem vendors and 16550-clone makers use the Microsoft most modem vendors and 16550-clone makers use the Microsoft
drivers from Windows for Workgroups 3.11 and the Microsoft drivers from &windows; for Workgroups 3.11 and the &microsoft;
MS-DOS utility as the primary tests for compatibility with &ms-dos; utility as the primary tests for compatibility with
the NS16550A. This over-simplistic criteria means that if a the NS16550A. This over-simplistic criteria means that if a
different operating system is used, problems could appear different operating system is used, problems could appear
due to subtle differences between the clones and genuine due to subtle differences between the clones and genuine