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547
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
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@ -63,8 +63,8 @@
<para>Be familiar with basic network terminology.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Understand the basics and purpose of a dial-up connection
and <acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
<para>Understand the basics and purpose of a dial-up
connection and <acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
@ -120,35 +120,35 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The dial-up number for the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<para>The dial-up number for the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The login name and password assigned by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<para>The login name and password assigned by the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of one or more name servers.
Normally, an <acronym>ISP</acronym> provides these addresses.
If not, use <command>enable
dns</command> in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>
and <application>ppp</application> will set the name
servers. This feature requires the <acronym>ISP</acronym>
to supporting DNS
negotiation.</para>
<para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of one or more name
servers. Normally, an <acronym>ISP</acronym> provides these
addresses. If not, use <command>enable dns</command> in
<filename>ppp.conf</filename> and
<application>ppp</application> will set the name servers.
This feature requires the <acronym>ISP</acronym> to
supporting DNS negotiation.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The following information may be supplied by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>, but
is not necessary:</para>
<para>The following information may be supplied by the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>, but is not necessary:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the default gateway.
If this information is missing
the <acronym>ISP</acronym>'s <acronym>PPP</acronym>
server will provide the correct value during
connection setup.</para>
<para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the default
gateway. If this information is missing the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>'s <acronym>PPP</acronym> server will
provide the correct value during connection setup.</para>
<para>This <acronym>IP</acronym> number is referred to as
<literal>HISADDR</literal> by
@ -166,9 +166,10 @@
<primary>static <acronym>IP</acronym> address</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has assigned a static <acronym>IP</acronym> address and
hostname, enter it. Otherwise, this information will be provided
during connection setup.</para>
<para>If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has assigned a static
<acronym>IP</acronym> address and hostname, enter it.
Otherwise, this information will be provided during
connection setup.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -191,20 +192,22 @@
<para>A number of files are edited when configuring
<command>ppp</command>. The edits
depend to some extent on whether the <acronym>ISP</acronym> allocates <acronym>IP</acronym>
addresses statically or dynamically.</para>
depend to some extent on whether the <acronym>ISP</acronym>
allocates <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses statically or
dynamically.</para>
<sect2 id="userppp-staticIP">
<title>PPP With Static <acronym>IP</acronym> Addresses</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>with static <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses</secondary>
<secondary>with static <acronym>IP</acronym>
addresses</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>If the ISP has provided an address that does not change, edit
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> as described
in the example below.</para>
<para>If the ISP has provided an address that does not change,
edit <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> as described in
the example below.</para>
<note>
<para>Lines that end in a <literal>:</literal> start in the
@ -346,10 +349,10 @@
<listitem>
<para>Identifies an entry for a provider called
<quote>provider</quote>. This could be changed
to the name of the <acronym>ISP</acronym> so
that <option>load
<replaceable>ISP</replaceable></option> can be used to start
the connection.</para>
to the name of the <acronym>ISP</acronym> so that
<option>load
<replaceable>ISP</replaceable></option> can be
used to start the connection.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@ -393,11 +396,10 @@
<term>Line 15:</term>
<listitem>
<para>If
<acronym>PAP</acronym> or
<acronym>CHAP</acronym> are used,
there will be no login at this point, and this line
should be commented out or removed. See <xref
<para>If <acronym>PAP</acronym> or
<acronym>CHAP</acronym> are used, there will be no
login at this point, and this line should be
commented out or removed. See <xref
linkend="userppp-PAPnCHAP"/> for further
details.</para>
@ -438,21 +440,18 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<listitem>
<para>Sets the interface addresses. The string
<replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable> should be
replaced by the <acronym>IP</acronym> address that the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>
has allocated. The string
<replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable> should be
replaced by the <acronym>IP</acronym> address that
the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has allocated. The
string <replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable> should be
replaced by the <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the
gateway. If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has not provided a gateway
address, use <hostid
role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. When
using a <quote>guessed</quote> address,
create an entry in
gateway. If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has not
provided a gateway address, use <hostid
role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. When using a
<quote>guessed</quote> address, create an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> as per the
instructions in <xref
linkend="userppp-dynamicIP"/>. If this line is
omitted, <command>ppp</command> cannot run in
<option>-auto</option> mode.</para>
instructions in <xref linkend="userppp-dynamicIP"/>.
If this line is omitted, <command>ppp</command>
cannot run in <option>-auto</option> mode.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@ -467,20 +466,20 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
otherwise <literal>HISADDR</literal> will not yet
be initialized.</para>
<para>When
<option>-auto</option> is not used, this line should be moved
to the <filename>ppp.linkup</filename> file.</para>
<para>When <option>-auto</option> is not used, this
line should be moved to the
<filename>ppp.linkup</filename> file.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>It is not necessary to add an entry to
<filename>ppp.linkup</filename> when using a static
<acronym>IP</acronym> address and when running ppp in <option>-auto</option>
mode as the routing table entries are already correct.
However, an
entry can be created to invoke programs after connection. This is
explained later with the sendmail example.</para>
<acronym>IP</acronym> address and when running ppp in
<option>-auto</option> mode as the routing table entries
are already correct. However, an entry can be created to
invoke programs after connection. This is explained later
with the sendmail example.</para>
<para>Example configuration files can be found in the
<filename
@ -489,28 +488,29 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="userppp-dynamicIP">
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> With Dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym>
Addresses</title>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> With Dynamic
<acronym>IP</acronym> Addresses</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym></primary>
<secondary>with dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses</secondary>
<secondary>with dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym>
addresses</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>IPCP</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>If the <acronym>IP</acronym>
address changes whenever a connection is made, configure <command>ppp</command> to
<para>If the <acronym>IP</acronym> address changes whenever
a connection is made, configure <command>ppp</command> to
negotiate the local and remote addresses. This is done by
<quote>guessing</quote> an <acronym>IP</acronym> address and allowing
<command>ppp</command> to set it up correctly using the <acronym>IP</acronym>
Configuration Protocol (IPCP) after connecting. The
<quote>guessing</quote> an <acronym>IP</acronym> address
and allowing <command>ppp</command> to set it up correctly
using the <acronym>IP</acronym> Configuration Protocol
(IPCP) after connecting. The
<filename>ppp.conf</filename> configuration is the same as
that described in <xref
linkend="userppp-staticIP"/>, with the following
change:</para>
that described in <xref linkend="userppp-staticIP"/>, with
the following change:</para>
<programlisting>17 set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0</programlisting>
@ -525,16 +525,16 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<listitem>
<para>The number after the <literal>/</literal>
character is the number of bits of the address that
ppp will insist on. Other <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses
can be used, but the
above example will always work.</para>
ppp will insist on. Other <acronym>IP</acronym>
addresses can be used, but the above example will
always work.</para>
<para>The last argument (<literal>0.0.0.0</literal>)
tells PPP to start negotiations using address
<hostid role="ipaddr">0.0.0.0</hostid> rather than
<hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid> and is
necessary for some <acronym>ISP</acronym>s. Do not use
<literal>0.0.0.0</literal> as the first argument
necessary for some <acronym>ISP</acronym>s. Do not
use <literal>0.0.0.0</literal> as the first argument
to <command>set ifaddr</command> as it prevents
PPP from setting up an initial route in
<option>-auto</option> mode.</para>
@ -544,12 +544,11 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<para>When not running in <option>-auto</option> mode,
create an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> as this file
is used after a connection
has been established. At this point,
<command>ppp</command> will have assigned the interface
addresses and it will now be possible to add the routing
table entries:</para>
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> as this file is
used after a connection has been established. At this
point, <command>ppp</command> will have assigned the
interface addresses and it will now be possible to add the
routing table entries:</para>
<programlisting>1 provider:
2 add default HISADDR</programlisting>
@ -564,8 +563,9 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<filename>ppp.linkup</filename> according to the
following rules: First, try to match the same label
as we used in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>. If
that fails, look for an entry for the <acronym>IP</acronym> address of
our gateway. This entry is a four-octet <acronym>IP</acronym> style
that fails, look for an entry for the
<acronym>IP</acronym> address of our gateway. This
entry is a four-octet <acronym>IP</acronym> style
label. If we still have not found an entry, look
for the <literal>MYADDR</literal> entry.</para>
</listitem>
@ -579,8 +579,8 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
default route that points to
<literal>HISADDR</literal>.
<literal>HISADDR</literal> will be replaced with the
<acronym>IP</acronym> number of the gateway as negotiated by the
IPCP.</para>
<acronym>IP</acronym> number of the gateway as
negotiated by the IPCP.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
@ -602,8 +602,8 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<para>When configuring <application>ppp</application> to
receive incoming calls on a machine connected to a LAN,
decide if packets should be forwarded to the LAN.
If so, allocate the peer an <acronym>IP</acronym> address from
decide if packets should be forwarded to the LAN. If so,
allocate the peer an <acronym>IP</acronym> address from
the LAN's subnet, and use <command>enable
proxy</command> in the
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>.
@ -616,8 +616,7 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<sect2>
<title>Which getty?</title>
<para><xref linkend="dialup"/>
provides a good description
<para><xref linkend="dialup"/> provides a good description
on enabling dial-up services using &man.getty.8;.</para>
<para>An alternative to <command>getty</command> is <ulink
@ -645,15 +644,15 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<title><application>PPP</application> Permissions</title>
<para>The <command>ppp</command> command must normally be
run as the <username>root</username> user.
To instead allow <command>ppp</command> to run in
server mode as a normal user, that user
must be given permission to run <command>ppp</command>
by adding them to the <groupname>network</groupname>
group in <filename>/etc/group</filename>.</para>
run as the <username>root</username> user. To instead
allow <command>ppp</command> to run in server mode as a
normal user, that user must be given permission to run
<command>ppp</command> by adding them to the
<groupname>network</groupname> group in
<filename>/etc/group</filename>.</para>
<para>The user also needs access to one or more
sections of the configuration file using the
<para>The user also needs access to one or more sections of
the configuration file using the
<command>allow</command> command:</para>
<programlisting>allow users fred mary</programlisting>
@ -664,8 +663,8 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym>
Users</title>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Dynamic
<acronym>IP</acronym> Users</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym> shells</primary>
@ -696,9 +695,9 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup</userinput></screen>
<para>Use this script as the
<emphasis>shell</emphasis> for all of dial-up users.
This is an example from <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
for a dial-up <acronym>PPP</acronym>:</para>
<emphasis>shell</emphasis> for all of dial-up users. This
is an example from <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> for a
dial-up <acronym>PPP</acronym>:</para>
<programlisting>pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup</programlisting>
@ -715,8 +714,8 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Static <acronym>IP</acronym>
Users</title>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Static
<acronym>IP</acronym> Users</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym> shells</primary>
@ -727,10 +726,10 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</programlisting>
<acronym>IP</acronym>s create a symbolic link to
<filename>ppp-shell</filename>.</para>
<para>For example, to route /24 CIDR
networks for the dial-up customers
<username>fred</username>, <username>sam</username>,
and <username>mary</username>, type:</para>
<para>For example, to route /24 CIDR networks for the
dial-up customers <username>fred</username>,
<username>sam</username>, and
<username>mary</username>, type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam</userinput>
@ -769,8 +768,9 @@ ttyu1:
for each session. For each dial-up line enabled in
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> create an entry similar
to the one for <literal>ttyu0:</literal> above. Each
line should get a unique <acronym>IP</acronym> address from the pool of
<acronym>IP</acronym> addresses for dynamic users.</para>
line should get a unique <acronym>IP</acronym> address
from the pool of <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses for
dynamic users.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@ -779,8 +779,8 @@ ttyu1:
<para>Along with the contents of the sample
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>
above, add a section for each of the
statically assigned dial-up users:.</para>
above, add a section for each of the statically assigned
dial-up users:.</para>
<programlisting>fred:
set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255
@ -793,9 +793,10 @@ mary:
<para>The file <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>
should also contain routing information for each static
<acronym>IP</acronym> user if required. The line below would add a route
for the <hostid role="ipaddr">203.14.101.0/24</hostid>
network via the client's ppp link.</para>
<acronym>IP</acronym> user if required. The line below
would add a route for the <hostid
role="ipaddr">203.14.101.0/24</hostid> network via the
client's ppp link.</para>
<programlisting>fred:
add 203.14.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR
@ -874,8 +875,8 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT</programlisting>
<programlisting>enable passwdauth</programlisting>
<para>To assign some users a static <acronym>IP</acronym> number,
specify the number as the third argument in
<para>To assign some users a static <acronym>IP</acronym>
number, specify the number as the third argument in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.secret</filename>. See
<filename>/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.secret.sample</filename>
for examples.</para>
@ -920,8 +921,8 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
name server addresses, and a NetBIOS nameserver
host.</para>
<para>In version 2 and above, if the
<literal>set dns</literal> line is omitted,
<para>In version 2 and above, if the <literal>set
dns</literal> line is omitted,
<acronym>PPP</acronym> will use the values found in
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
@ -931,12 +932,13 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<indexterm><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm>
<para>Some <acronym>ISP</acronym>s set their system up so that the
authentication part of the connection is done using
either of the PAP or CHAP authentication mechanisms. If
this is the case, the <acronym>ISP</acronym> will not give a
<prompt>login:</prompt> prompt at connection, but will
start talking <acronym>PPP</acronym> immediately.</para>
<para>Some <acronym>ISP</acronym>s set their system up so
that the authentication part of the connection is done
using either of the PAP or CHAP authentication mechanisms.
If this is the case, the <acronym>ISP</acronym> will not
give a <prompt>login:</prompt> prompt at connection, but
will start talking <acronym>PPP</acronym>
immediately.</para>
<para>PAP is less secure than CHAP, but security is not
normally an issue here as passwords, although being sent
@ -944,12 +946,9 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
serial line only. There is not much room for crackers
to <quote>eavesdrop</quote>.</para>
<para>Referring back to <xref
linkend="userppp-staticIP"/>
or <xref
linkend="userppp-dynamicIP"/>,
the following alterations must
be made:</para>
<para>Referring back to <xref linkend="userppp-staticIP"/>
or <xref linkend="userppp-dynamicIP"/>, the following
alterations must be made:</para>
<programlisting>13 set authname <replaceable>MyUserName</replaceable>
14 set authkey <replaceable>MyPassword</replaceable>
@ -991,10 +990,10 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<term>Line 15:</term>
<listitem>
<para>The <acronym>ISP</acronym> will not normally require a login
to the server when using PAP or CHAP.
Therefore, disable the <quote>set login</quote>
string.</para>
<para>The <acronym>ISP</acronym> will not normally
require a login to the server when using PAP or
CHAP. Therefore, disable the <quote>set
login</quote> string.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
@ -1011,17 +1010,17 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<programlisting>set server /var/run/ppp-tun<replaceable>%d</replaceable> DiagnosticPassword 0177</programlisting>
<para>This will tell PPP to listen to the specified
&unix; domain socket, asking clients for the specified
password before allowing access. The
<literal>%d</literal> in the name is replaced with the
<devicename>tun</devicename> device number that is in
use.</para>
<para>This will tell PPP to listen to the specified
&unix; domain socket, asking clients for the specified
password before allowing access. The
<literal>%d</literal> in the name is replaced with the
<devicename>tun</devicename> device number that is in
use.</para>
<para>Once a socket has been set up, the &man.pppctl.8;
program may be used in scripts that wish to manipulate
the running program.</para>
</sect2>
<para>Once a socket has been set up, the &man.pppctl.8;
program may be used in scripts that wish to manipulate
the running program.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="userppp-nat">
<title>Using <acronym>PPP</acronym> Network Address
@ -1072,14 +1071,15 @@ nat port tcp 10.0.0.2:http http</programlisting>
<programlisting>hostname="foo.example.com"</programlisting>
<para>If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has supplied a static <acronym>IP</acronym> address
and name, use this name as the
<para>If the <acronym>ISP</acronym> has supplied a static
<acronym>IP</acronym> address and name, use this name as the
host name.</para>
<para>Look for the <literal>network_interfaces</literal>
variable. To configure the system to dial the
<acronym>ISP</acronym> on demand, make sure the <devicename>tun0</devicename>
device is added to the list, otherwise remove it.</para>
<acronym>ISP</acronym> on demand, make sure the
<devicename>tun0</devicename> device is added to the list,
otherwise remove it.</para>
<programlisting>network_interfaces="lo0 tun0"
ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
@ -1093,10 +1093,10 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<programlisting>ppp -auto mysystem</programlisting>
<para>This script is executed at network configuration time,
starting the ppp daemon in automatic mode. If
this machine acts as a gateway, consider including
<option>-alias</option>. Refer
to the manual page for further details.</para>
starting the ppp daemon in automatic mode. If this
machine acts as a gateway, consider including
<option>-alias</option>. Refer to the manual page for
further details.</para>
</note>
<para>Make sure that the router program is set to
@ -1126,10 +1126,10 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary><application>sendmail</application></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>The downside is that
<command>sendmail</command> is forced to re-examine the mail queue
whenever the ppp link. To automate this, include <command>!bg</command>
in <filename>ppp.linkup</filename>:</para>
<para>The downside is that <command>sendmail</command> is
forced to re-examine the mail queue whenever the ppp link.
To automate this, include <command>!bg</command> in
<filename>ppp.linkup</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>1 provider:
2 delete ALL
@ -1153,7 +1153,8 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<acronym>PPP</acronym> session, or, to configure
<command>ppp</command> to establish sessions automatically
when there is outbound traffic and
<filename>start_if.tun0</filename> does not exist, type:</para>
<filename>start_if.tun0</filename> does not exist,
type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp -auto provider</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
@ -1187,7 +1188,8 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>When using a dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym> address, create an entry in
<para>When using a dynamic <acronym>IP</acronym> address,
create an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>.</para>
</step>
@ -1295,14 +1297,12 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<para>This should display some pertinent output about the
<devicename>uart</devicename> devices. These are the COM
ports we need. If the modem acts like a standard serial
port, it should be listed on
<devicename>uart1</devicename>, or
<devicename>COM2</devicename>. If so,
a kernel rebuild is not required. When matching up, if the modem is on
<devicename>uart1</devicename>, the
modem device would be <filename
class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>.</para>
ports we need. If the modem acts like a standard serial port,
it should be listed on <devicename>uart1</devicename>, or
<devicename>COM2</devicename>. If so, a kernel rebuild is not
required. When matching up, if the modem is on
<devicename>uart1</devicename>, the modem device would be
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/cuau1</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@ -1350,8 +1350,8 @@ type '~h' for help</programlisting>
OK
<userinput>atdt<replaceable>123456789</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Use <command>at</command> to initialize the modem,
then use <command>atdt</command> and the number for the
<para>Use <command>at</command> to initialize the modem, then
use <command>atdt</command> and the number for the
<acronym>ISP</acronym> to begin the dial in process.</para>
<screen>CONNECT</screen>
@ -1362,25 +1362,23 @@ OK
<screen>ISP Login:<userinput>myusername</userinput></screen>
<para>At this prompt, return the
prompt with the username that was provided by the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<para>At this prompt, return the prompt with the username that
was provided by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<screen>ISP Pass:<userinput>mypassword</userinput></screen>
<para>At this prompt,
reply with the password that was provided by the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>. Just like logging into
&os;, the password will not echo.</para>
<para>At this prompt, reply with the password that was provided
by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>. Just like logging into &os;,
the password will not echo.</para>
<screen>Shell or PPP:<userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
<para>Depending on the <acronym>ISP</acronym>, this prompt
might not appear. If it does, it is asking whether to
use a shell on the provider or to start
might not appear. If it does, it is asking whether to use a
shell on the provider or to start
<command>ppp</command>. In this example,
<command>ppp</command> was selected in order to establish an Internet
connection.</para>
<command>ppp</command> was selected in order to establish an
Internet connection.</para>
<screen>Ppp ON example&gt;</screen>
@ -1391,8 +1389,8 @@ OK
<screen>PPp ON example&gt;</screen>
<para>We have successfully authenticated with our
<acronym>ISP</acronym> and are waiting for the
assigned <acronym>IP</acronym> address.</para>
<acronym>ISP</acronym> and are waiting for the assigned
<acronym>IP</acronym> address.</para>
<screen>PPP ON example&gt;</screen>
@ -1425,40 +1423,36 @@ OK
<sect2>
<title>Debugging</title>
<para>If a
connection cannot be established, turn hardware flow
<acronym>CTS/RTS</acronym> to off using <option>set
ctsrts off</option>. This is mainly the case when
<para>If a connection cannot be established, turn hardware
flow <acronym>CTS/RTS</acronym> to off using <option>set
ctsrts off</option>. This is mainly the case when
connected to some <application>PPP</application>-capable
terminal servers, where <application>PPP</application> hangs
when it tries to write data to the communication link, and
waits for a Clear
To Send (<acronym>CTS</acronym>) signal which may never come. When using this option,
include <option>set accmap</option>
as it may be required to defeat hardware dependent
on passing certain characters from end to end, most of the
time XON/XOFF. Refer to &man.ppp.8; for more
information on this option and how it is used.</para>
waits for a Clear To Send (<acronym>CTS</acronym>) signal
which may never come. When using this option, include
<option>set accmap</option> as it may be required to defeat
hardware dependent on passing certain characters from end to
end, most of the time XON/XOFF. Refer to &man.ppp.8; for
more information on this option and how it is used.</para>
<para>An older modem may need
<option>set parity even</option>. Parity is set at none
be default, but is used for error checkingm with a large
increase in traffic, on older modems.</para>
<para>An older modem may need <option>set parity
even</option>. Parity is set at none be default, but is
used for error checkingm with a large increase in traffic,
on older modems.</para>
<para><application>PPP</application> may not return to the
command mode, which is usually a negotiation error where
the <acronym>ISP</acronym> is waiting for
negotiating to begin. At this point, using <command>~p</command>
will force ppp to start sending the configuration
information.</para>
command mode, which is usually a negotiation error where the
<acronym>ISP</acronym> is waiting for negotiating to begin.
At this point, using <command>~p</command> will force ppp
to start sending the configuration information.</para>
<para>If a login prompt never appears,
<acronym>PAP</acronym> or
<acronym>CHAP</acronym> authentication is most likely required.
To use
<acronym>PAP</acronym> or <acronym>CHAP</acronym>, add
the following options to <application>PPP</application>
before going into terminal mode:</para>
<para>If a login prompt never appears, <acronym>PAP</acronym>
or <acronym>CHAP</acronym> authentication is most likely
required. To use <acronym>PAP</acronym> or
<acronym>CHAP</acronym>, add the following options to
<application>PPP</application> before going into terminal
mode:</para>
<screen>ppp ON example&gt; <userinput>set authname <replaceable>myusername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
@ -1472,16 +1466,15 @@ OK
replaced with the password that was assigned by the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<para>If a connection is established, but cannot seem to find any domain
name, try to &man.ping.8; an <acronym>IP</acronym>
address. If
there is 100 percent (100%) packet loss, it is
likely that a default route was not assigned.
Double check that <option>add default
<para>If a connection is established, but cannot seem to find
any domain name, try to &man.ping.8; an
<acronym>IP</acronym> address. If there is 100 percent
(100%) packet loss, it is likely that a default route was
not assigned. Double check that <option>add default
HISADDR</option> was set during the connection. If a
connection can be made to a remote <acronym>IP</acronym> address,
it is possible that a resolver address has not been added
to <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. This file
connection can be made to a remote <acronym>IP</acronym>
address, it is possible that a resolver address has not been
added to <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. This file
should look like:</para>
<programlisting>domain <replaceable>example.com</replaceable>
@ -1493,9 +1486,9 @@ nameserver <replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable></programlisting>
the <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the
<acronym>ISP</acronym>'s DNS servers.</para>
<para>To configure &man.syslog.3; to provide logging
for the <application>PPP</application> connection, make sure
this line exists in <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename>:</para>
<para>To configure &man.syslog.3; to provide logging for the
<application>PPP</application> connection, make sure this
line exists in <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>!ppp
*.* /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting>
@ -1524,14 +1517,13 @@ nameserver <replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable></programlisting>
<secondary>over Ethernet</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>This section describes how to set up
<acronym>PPP</acronym> over Ethernet
(<acronym>PPPoE</acronym>).</para>
<para>This section describes how to set up <acronym>PPP</acronym>
over Ethernet (<acronym>PPPoE</acronym>).</para>
<para>Here is an example of a working
<filename>ppp.conf</filename>:</para>
<para>Here is an example of a working
<filename>ppp.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>default:
<programlisting>default:
set log Phase tun command # you can add more detailed logging if you wish
set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
@ -1565,17 +1557,17 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting>
distinguish between different PPPoE servers attached to a
given network.</para>
<para>Any required service tag
information should be in the documentation provided by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<para>Any required service tag information should be in the
documentation provided by the <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<para>As a last resort, one could try installing the <filename
role="package">net/rr-pppoe</filename> package or port.
Bear in mind however, this may de-program your modem and
render it useless, so think twice before doing it. Simply
install the program shipped with the modem.
Then, access the <guimenu>System</guimenu> menu from the
program. The name of the profile should be listed there. It
is usually <emphasis>ISP</emphasis>.</para>
install the program shipped with the modem. Then, access the
<guimenu>System</guimenu> menu from the program. The name of
the profile should be listed there. It is usually
<emphasis>ISP</emphasis>.</para>
<para>The profile name (service tag) will be used in the PPPoE
configuration entry in <filename>ppp.conf</filename> as the
@ -1585,11 +1577,11 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting>
<programlisting>set device PPPoE:<replaceable>xl1</replaceable>:<replaceable>ISP</replaceable></programlisting>
<para>Do not forget to change <replaceable>xl1</replaceable>
to the proper device for the Ethernet card.</para>
<para>Do not forget to change <replaceable>xl1</replaceable> to
the proper device for the Ethernet card.</para>
<para>Do not forget to change <replaceable>ISP</replaceable>
to the profile.</para>
<para>Do not forget to change <replaceable>ISP</replaceable> to
the profile.</para>
<para>For additional information, refer to <ulink
url="http://renaud.waldura.com/doc/freebsd/pppoe/">Cheaper
@ -1603,12 +1595,14 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting>
<trademark class="registered">HomeConnect</trademark> ADSL
Modem Dual Link</title>
<para>This modem does not follow the PPPoE specification defined in <ulink
url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2516.html">RFC 2516</ulink>.</para>
<para>This modem does not follow the PPPoE specification defined
in <ulink
url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2516.html">RFC
2516</ulink>.</para>
<para>In order to make &os; capable of communicating with
this device, a sysctl must be set. This can be done
automatically at boot time by updating
<para>In order to make &os; capable of communicating with this
device, a sysctl must be set. This can be done automatically
at boot time by updating
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1</programlisting>
@ -1617,8 +1611,8 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1</userinput></screen>
<para>Unfortunately, because this is a system-wide setting,
it is not possible to talk to a normal PPPoE client or server
<para>Unfortunately, because this is a system-wide setting, it
is not possible to talk to a normal PPPoE client or server
and a &tm.3com; <trademark
class="registered">HomeConnect</trademark> ADSL Modem at
the same time.</para>
@ -1696,20 +1690,18 @@ ppp_profile="adsl"</programlisting>
<sect2>
<title>Using mpd</title>
<para>The <application>mpd</application> application can be used to connect to a
variety of services, in particular PPTP services. It can be installed using the
<filename role="package">net/mpd5</filename> package or port. Many ADSL
modems require that a PPTP tunnel is created between the modem
and computer.</para>
<para>The <application>mpd</application> application can be used
to connect to a variety of services, in particular PPTP
services. It can be installed using the <filename
role="package">net/mpd5</filename> package or port. Many
ADSL modems require that a PPTP tunnel is created between the
modem and computer.</para>
<para>Once installed,
configure <application>mpd</application> to suit the
provider's settings. The port places a set
of sample configuration files which are well documented in
<filename
class="directory">/usr/local/etc/mpd/</filename>.
A
complete guide to configure <application>mpd</application>
<para>Once installed, configure <application>mpd</application>
to suit the provider's settings. The port places a set of
sample configuration files which are well documented in
<filename class="directory">/usr/local/etc/mpd/</filename>.
A complete guide to configure <application>mpd</application>
is available in HTML format in <filename
class="directory">/usr/ports/share/doc/mpd/</filename>.
Here is a sample configuration for connecting to an ADSL
@ -1750,10 +1742,12 @@ adsl:
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-user">
<para>The username used to authenticate with your <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<para>The username used to authenticate with your
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-pass">
<para>The password used to authenticate with your <acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
<para>The password used to authenticate with your
<acronym>ISP</acronym>.</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
@ -1773,12 +1767,12 @@ adsl:
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-self">
<para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of &os; computer running
<application>mpd</application>.</para>
<para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of &os; computer
running <application>mpd</application>.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-mpd-ex-peer">
<para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the ADSL modem. The Alcatel
&speedtouch; Home defaults to <hostid
<para>The <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the ADSL modem.
The Alcatel &speedtouch; Home defaults to <hostid
role="ipaddr">10.0.0.138</hostid>.</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
@ -1808,10 +1802,10 @@ ng0: flags=88d1&lt;UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
<para>To use <filename role="package">net/pptpclient</filename>
to connect to a DSL service, install the port or package, then
edit <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>.
An example section of <filename>ppp.conf</filename>
is given below. For further information on
<filename>ppp.conf</filename> options consult &man.ppp.8;.</para>
edit <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. An example section
of <filename>ppp.conf</filename> is given below. For further
information on <filename>ppp.conf</filename> options consult
&man.ppp.8;.</para>
<programlisting>adsl:
set log phase chat lcp ipcp ccp tun command
@ -1824,8 +1818,7 @@ ng0: flags=88d1&lt;UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="co-pptp-ex-user">
<para>The username for the DSL
provider.</para>
<para>The username for the DSL provider.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-pptp-ex-pass">
@ -1835,9 +1828,8 @@ ng0: flags=88d1&lt;UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
<warning>
<para>Since the account's password is added to
<filename>ppp.conf</filename>in plain text form,
make sure nobody can read the contents of this
file:</para>
<filename>ppp.conf</filename>in plain text form, make sure
nobody can read the contents of this file:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chown root:wheel /etc/ppp/ppp.conf</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 600 /etc/ppp/ppp.conf</userinput></screen>
@ -1846,11 +1838,11 @@ ng0: flags=88d1&lt;UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
<para>This will open a tunnel for a <acronym>PPP</acronym>
session to the DSL router. Ethernet DSL modems have a
preconfigured LAN <acronym>IP</acronym> address to connect to. In the
case of the Alcatel &speedtouch; Home, this address is <hostid
role="ipaddr">10.0.0.138</hostid>. The router's
documentation should list the address the device
uses. To open the tunnel and start a <acronym>PPP</acronym>
preconfigured LAN <acronym>IP</acronym> address to connect to.
In the case of the Alcatel &speedtouch; Home, this address is
<hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.138</hostid>. The router's
documentation should list the address the device uses. To
open the tunnel and start a <acronym>PPP</acronym>
session:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pptp <replaceable>address</replaceable> <replaceable>adsl</replaceable></userinput></screen>
@ -1858,7 +1850,8 @@ ng0: flags=88d1&lt;UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
<tip>
<para>If an ampersand (<quote>&amp;</quote>) is added
to the end of this command,
<application>pptp</application> will return the prompt.</para>
<application>pptp</application> will return the
prompt.</para>
</tip>
<para>A <devicename>tun</devicename> virtual tunnel device