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Update the whole chapter for Xorg. The chapter covers the installation

Browse source 
and configuration of both Xorg and XFree86 4.X with emphasis on Xorg.  A
"Moving from XFree86 to Xorg" section was also added, and some sentences
reworded.
(I may also add a NVIDIA drivers section soon)

A great thanks to Ken Tom <subd@mui.net> for his help!
This commit is contained in:
Marc Fonvieille 2004-08-26 20:19:07 +00:00
parent a80c9017b1
commit c3eef31282
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00 
svn path=/head/; revision=22131
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en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11/chapter.sgml
View file

@ -5,19 +5,47 @@
-->
<chapter id="x11">
<chapterinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Ken</firstname>
<surname>Tom</surname>
<contrib>Updated for X.Org's X11 server by </contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Marc</firstname>
<surname>Fonvieille</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</chapterinfo>
<title>The X Window System</title>
<sect1 id="x11-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title>
<para>FreeBSD uses <application>&xfree86;</application> to provide users with
a powerful graphical user interface. <application>&xfree86;</application>
is an open-source implementation of the X Window System. This chapter
will cover installation and configuration of
<application>&xfree86;</application> on a FreeBSD system. For more
information on <application>&xfree86;</application> and video hardware that
it supports, check the <ulink
url="http://www.XFree86.org/">&xfree86;</ulink> web site.</para>
<para>FreeBSD uses X11 to provide users with
a powerful graphical user interface. X11
is an open-source implementation of the X Window System that
includes both <application>&xorg;</application> and
<application>&xfree86;</application>. &os; versions up to and
including &os;&nbsp;4.10-RELEASE and &os;&nbsp;5.2.1-RELEASE
will find the default installation to be
<application>&xfree86;</application>, the X11 server released by
The &xfree86; Project, Inc. As of &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE, the
default and official flavor of X11 was changed to
<application>&xorg;</application>, the X11 server developed by
the X.Org Foundation.</para>
<para>This chapter will cover the installation and configuration
of X11 with emphasis on
<application>&xorg;</application>.</para>
<para>For more information on the video hardware that X11
supports, check either the <ulink
url="http://www.x.org/">&xorg;</ulink> or <ulink
url="http://www.XFree86.org/">&xfree86;</ulink> web
sites.</para>
<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
@ -28,8 +56,7 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to install and configure
<application>&xfree86;</application>.</para>
<para>How to install and configure X11.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -37,8 +64,7 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to use &truetype; fonts in
<application>&xfree86;</application>.</para>
<para>How to use &truetype; fonts in X11.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -53,6 +79,17 @@
<listitem><para>Know how to install additional third-party
software (<xref linkend="ports">).</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<note>
<para>This chapter covers the installation and the configuration
of both <application>&xorg;</application> and
<application>&xfree86;</application> X11 servers. For the most
part, configuration files, commands and syntaxes are identical.
In the case where there are differences, both
<application>&xorg;</application> and
<application>&xfree86;</application> syntaxes will be
shown.</para>
</note>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="x-understanding">
@ -62,32 +99,35 @@
familiar with other graphical environments, such as &microsoft.windows; or
&macos;.</para>
<para>It is not necessary to understand all of the details of various
X components and how they interact; however, some basic knowledge makes
<para>While it is not necessary to understand all of the details of various
X components and how they interact; some basic knowledge makes
it possible to take advantage of X's strengths.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Why X?</title>
<para>X is not the first window system written for &unix;, but it is the
most popular. X's original development team had worked on another
window system before writing X. That system's name was
<quote>W</quote> (for <quote>Window</quote>). X is just the next
most popularof them. X's original development team had worked on another
window system prior to writing X. That system's name was
<quote>W</quote> (for <quote>Window</quote>). X was just the next
letter in the Roman alphabet.</para>
<para>X can be called <quote>X</quote>, <quote>X Window System</quote>,
<quote>X11</quote>, and other terms. Calling X11
<quote>X Windows</quote> can offend some people;
see &man.X.7; for a bit more insight on this.</para>
<quote>X11</quote>, and a number of other terms. You may find
that using the term <quote>X Windows</quote> to describe X11
can be offensive to some people; for a bit more insight on
this, see &man.X.7;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>The X Client/Server Model</title>
<para>X was designed from the beginning to be network-centric, and
adopts a <quote>client-server</quote> model. In the X model, the
adopts a <quote>client-server</quote> model.</para>
<para>In the X model, the
<quote>X server</quote> runs on the computer that has the keyboard,
monitor, and mouse attached. The server is responsible for managing
monitor, and mouse attached. The server's responsibility includes tasks such as managing
the display, handling input from the keyboard and mouse, and so on.
Each X application (such as <application>XTerm</application>, or
<application>&netscape;</application>) is a <quote>client</quote>. A
@ -96,8 +136,8 @@
messages such as <quote>The user just clicked on the OK
button</quote>.</para>
<para>If there is only one computer involved, such as in a home or small
office environment, the X server and the X clients will be running on
<para>In a home or small
office environment, the X server and the X clients will most likely running on
the same computer. However, it is perfectly possible to run the X
server on a less powerful desktop computer, and run X applications
(the clients) on, say, the powerful and expensive machine that serves
@ -109,7 +149,7 @@
server</quote> to be the big powerful machine down the hall, and
the <quote>X client</quote> to be the machine on their desk.</para>
<para>Remember that the X server is the machine with the monitor and
<para>It is important to remember that the X server is the machine with the monitor and
keyboard, and the X clients are the programs that display the
windows.</para>
@ -120,8 +160,9 @@
various free and commercial applications available that do exactly
that.</para>
<para>The X server that ships with FreeBSD is called
<application>&xfree86;</application>, and is available for free, under a
<para>Starting with &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE, the X server that
installs with &os; is <application>&xorg;</application>,
and is available for free, under a
license very similar to the FreeBSD license. Commercial X servers for
FreeBSD are also available.</para>
</sect2>
@ -272,64 +313,102 @@
</sect1>
<sect1 id="x-install">
<title>Installing &xfree86;</title>
<title>Installing X11</title>
<para>Before installing <application>&xfree86;</application>, decide on which
version to run. <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;3.X</application> is a maintenance
branch of <application>&xfree86;</application> development. It is very
stable, and it supports a huge number of graphics cards. However, no new
development is being done on the software. <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application>
is a complete redesign of the system with many new
features such as better support for fonts and anti-aliasing.
Unfortunately this new architecture requires that the video drivers be
rewritten, and some of the older cards that were supported in 3.X are not
yet supported in 4.X. As all new developments and support for new
graphics cards are done on that branch, <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application>
is now the default version of the X Window System on
FreeBSD.</para>
<para><application>&xorg;</application> or
<application>&xfree86;</application>may be installed on &os;.
Beginning with &os;&nbsp;5.3-RELEASE,
<application>&xorg;</application> is the default X11
implementation for &os;. <application>&xorg;</application> is
the X11 server of the X11R6.7 distribution released by the X.Org
Foundation. X11R6.7 is based on the code of
<application>&xfree86&nbsp;4.4RC2</application> and X11R6.6.
The X.Org Foundation released X11R6.7 in April 2004.</para>
<para>The FreeBSD setup program offers users the opportunity to install
and configure <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> during installation
(covered in <xref linkend="x-server">). To install and run
<application>&xfree86;&nbsp;3.X</application>, wait until after the base
FreeBSD system is installed, and then install
<application>&xfree86;&nbsp;3.X</application>. For example, to build and install
<application>&xfree86;&nbsp;3.X</application> from the ports collection:</para>
<para>The FreeBSD setup program (<application>sysinstall</application>) offers users the opportunity to install
and configure X11 during installation
(covered in <xref linkend="x-server">).</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/XFree86</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make all install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>To build and install <application>&xorg;</application> from the
ports collection:</para>
<para>Alternatively, either version of <application>&xfree86;</application>
can be installed directly from the FreeBSD binaries provided on the
<ulink url="http://www.XFree86.org/">&xfree86; web site</ulink>. A binary
package to use with &man.pkg.add.1; tool is also available for
<application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application>. When the remote fetching
feature of &man.pkg.add.1; is used, the version number of the
package must be removed. &man.pkg.add.1; will automatically fetch
the latest version of the application. So to fetch and install the
package of <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application>, simply type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r XFree86</userinput></screen>
<para>You can also use the ports collection to install
<application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application>, for that you simply need
to type the following commands:</para>
<para>To build and install <application>&xfree86;</application>
from the ports collection:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/XFree86-4</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Alternatively, X11
can be installed directly from packages.
Binary packages to use with &man.pkg.add.1; tool are also available for
X11. When the remote fetching
feature of &man.pkg.add.1; is used, the version number of the
package must be removed. &man.pkg.add.1; will automatically fetch
the latest version of the application.</para>
<para>So to fetch and install the package of
<application>&xorg;</application>, simply type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r xorg</userinput></screen>
<para>The <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> package can be
installed by typing:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg-add -r XFree86</userinput></screen>
<note><para>The examples above will install the complete
<application>&xfree86;</application> distribution including the
servers, clients, fonts etc. Separate packages and ports for
different parts of <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> are also
X11 distribution including the
servers, clients, fonts etc. Separate packages and ports of X11
are also
available.</para></note>
<para>The rest of this chapter will explain how to configure
<application>&xfree86;</application>, and how to set up a productive desktop
X11, and how to set up a productive desktop
environment.</para>
<!-- Easiest way is from sysinstall for XFree86 4.X -->
<sect2 id="x-to-xorg">
<title>Moving from <application>&xfree86;</application> to
<application>&xorg;</application></title>
<para>As with any port, you should check the
<filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename> file for changes.
Included in this file are instructions for converting your
system from <application>&xfree86;</application> to
<application>&xorg;</application>.</para>
<para>Use <application>CVSup</application> to update your ports
tree prior to attempting any conversion. You will also need
to install <filename
role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename> prior to
converting your X11 installation.</para>
<para>In your <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> you will need
to add the variable <literal>X_WINDOW_SYSTEM=xorg</literal>.
This ensures that your system knows which X11 is being used.
The older <literal>XFREE86_VERSION</literal> variable has been
deprecated and has been replaced with the
<literal>X_WINDOW_SYSTEM</literal> variable.</para>
<para>Then, use the following commands:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_delete -f /var/db/pkg/imake-4* /var/db/pkg/XFree86-*</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>pkgdb -F</userinput></screen>
<para>The &man.pkgdb.1; command is part of the
<application>portupgrade</application> software and will
update various packages dependencies.</para>
<note>
<para>To build <application>&xorg;</application> in its
entirety, be sure to have at least 2GB of free space
available.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="x-config">
@ -343,16 +422,18 @@
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>&xfree86; Configuration</title>
<title>X11 Configuration</title>
<indexterm><primary>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>&xfree86;</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>&xorg;</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>X11</primary></indexterm>
<sect2>
<title>Before Starting</title>
<para>Before configuration of <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application>,
<para>Before configuration of X11
the following information about the target system is needed:</para>
<itemizedlist>
@ -365,7 +446,7 @@
<indexterm><primary>vertical scan rate</primary></indexterm>
<para>The specifications for the monitor are used by
<application>&xfree86;</application> to determine the resolution and
X11 to determine the resolution and
refresh rate to run at. These specifications can usually be
obtained from the documentation that came with the monitor or from
the manufacturer's website. There are two ranges of numbers that
@ -373,7 +454,7 @@
rate.</para>
<para>The video adapter's chipset defines what driver module
<application>&xfree86;</application> uses to talk to the graphics
X11 uses to talk to the graphics
hardware. With most chipsets, this can be automatically
determined, but it is still useful to know in case the automatic
detection does not work correctly.</para>
@ -386,36 +467,47 @@
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Configuring &xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</title>
<title>Configuring X11</title>
<para>Configuration of <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> is
<para>Configuration of X11 is
a multi-step process. The first step is to build an initial
configuration file with the <option>-configure</option> option to
<application>&xfree86;</application>. As the super user, simply
configuration file.
As the super user, simply
run:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>Xorg -configure</userinput></screen>
<para>In the case of <application>&xfree86;</application>
type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>XFree86 -configure</userinput></screen>
<para>This will generate a skeleton
<application>&xfree86;</application> configuration file in the
<para>This will generate an
X11 configuration skeleton file in the
<filename>/root</filename> directory called
<filename>XF86Config.new</filename> (in fact the directory used
is the one covered by the environment variable <envar>$HOME</envar>,
and it will depend from the way you got the superuser rights). The
<application>&xfree86;</application> program will attempt to probe
the graphics hardware on the system and will write a
<filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> (whether you &man.su.1; or
do a direct login affects the inherited supervisor
<envar>$HOME</envar> directory variable).
For <application>&xfree86;</application>, this configuration
file is called <filename>XF86Config.new</filename>. The
X11 program will attempt to probe
the graphics hardware on the system and write a
configuration file to load the proper drivers for the detected
hardware on the target system.</para>
<para>The next step is to test the existing
configuration to verify that <application>&xfree86;</application>
configuration to verify that <application>&xorg;</application>
can work with the graphics
hardware on the target system. To perform this task, the user
needs to run:</para>
hardware on the target system. To perform this task,
type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>Xorg -config xorg.conf.new</userinput></screen>
<para><application>&xfree86;</application> users will type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>XFree86 -xf86config XF86Config.new</userinput></screen>
<para>If a black and grey grid and an X mouse cursor appear,
<para>If a black and grey grid and an X mouse cursor appears,
the configuration was successful. To exit the test, just press
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
@ -423,18 +515,18 @@
<keycap>Backspace</keycap>
</keycombo> simultaneously.</para>
<note><para>If the mouse does not work, be sure the device
has been configured. See <xref linkend="mouse">
<note><para>If the mouse does not work, you will need to first
configure it before proceeding. See <xref linkend="mouse">
in the &os; install chapter.</para></note>
<indexterm><primary>&xfree86; 4 Tuning</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>X11 Tuning</primary></indexterm>
<para>Next, tune the <filename>XF86Config.new</filename>
<para>Next, tune the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> (or <filename>XF86Config.new</filename> if you are running <application>&xfree86</application>)
configuration file to taste. Open the file in a text editor such
as &man.emacs.1; or &man.ee.1;. First, add the
frequencies for the target system's monitor. These are usually
expressed as a horizontal and vertical synchronization rate. These
values are added to the <filename>XF86Config.new</filename> file
values are added to the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> file
under the <literal>"Monitor"</literal> section:</para>
<programlisting>Section "Monitor"
@ -446,7 +538,7 @@
EndSection</programlisting>
<para>The <literal>HorizSync</literal> and
<literal>VertRefresh</literal> keywords may not exist in the
<literal>VertRefresh</literal> keywords may be missing in the
configuration file. If they do not, they need to be added, with
the correct horizontal synchronization rate placed after the
<literal>HorizSync</literal> keyword and the vertical
@ -464,10 +556,13 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
Option "DPMS"</programlisting>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>XF86Config</command></primary>
<primary><filename>xorg.conf</filename></primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary><filename>XF86Config</filename></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>While the <filename>XF86Config.new</filename>
<para>While the <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> (or <filename>XF86Config.new</filename>)
configuration file is still open in an editor, select
the default resolution and color depth desired. This is
defined in the <literal>"Screen"</literal> section:</para>
@ -478,6 +573,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
Modes "1024x768"
EndSubSection
@ -486,39 +582,62 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
<para>The <literal>DefaultDepth</literal> keyword describes
the color depth to run at by default. This can be overridden
with the <option>-depth</option> command line switch to
&man.XFree86.1;.
&man.Xorg.1; (or &man.XFree86.1;).
The <literal>Modes</literal> keyword
describes the resolution to run at for the given color depth.
Note that only VESA standard modes are supported as defined by
the target system's graphics hardware.
In the example above, the default color depth is twenty-four
bits per pixel. At this color depth, the accepted resolution is
one thousand twenty-four pixels by seven hundred and sixty-eight
1024 by 768
pixels.</para>
<para>Finally, write the configuration file and test it using
the test mode given above. If all is well, the configuration
the test mode given above.</para>
<note>
<para>One of the tools available to assist you during
troubleshooting process are the X11 log files, which contain
information on each device that the X11 server attaches to.
<application>&xorg;</application> log files are in the format
of <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename>
(<application>&xfree86;</application> log files follow the
format of <filename>XFree86.0.log</filename>). The exact name
of the log can vary from <filename>Xorg.0.log</filename> to
<filename>Xorg.8.log</filename> and so forth.</para>
</note>
<para>If all is well, the configuration
file needs to be installed in a common location where
&man.XFree86.1;
&man.Xorg.1; (or &man.XFree86.1;)
can find it.
This is typically <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
<filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>.</para>
This is typically <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> or
<filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> (for
<application>&xfree86;</application> it is called
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
<filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>).</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</userinput></screen>
<para>For <application>&xfree86;</application>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp XF86Config.new /etc/X11/XF86Config</userinput></screen>
<para>Once the configuration file has been placed in a common
location, configuration is complete. In order to start
<para>The X11 configuration process is now
complete. In order to start
<application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> with &man.startx.1;,
install the <filename role="package">x11/wrapper</filename> port.
<application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> can also be started with
<application>&xorg;</application> already includes the wrapper
code and does not require the installation of the wrapper port.
The X11 server may also be started with the use of
&man.xdm.1;.</para>
<note><para>There is also a graphical tool for configuration,
&man.xf86cfg.1;, that comes with the
<application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> distribution. It
<note><para>There is also a graphical configuration tool,
&man.xorgcfg.1; (&man.xf86cfg.1; for <application>&xfree86;</application>), that comes with the
X11 distribution. It
allows to interactively define your configuration by choosing
the appropriate drivers and settings. This program can be used under console as well, just use the command <command>xf86cfg -textmode</command>. For more details,
refer to the &man.xf86cfg.1; manual page.</para></note>
the appropriate drivers and settings. This program can be invoked from the console, by typing the command <command>xorgcfg -textmode</command>. For more details,
refer to the &man.xorgcfg.1; and &man.xf86cfg.1; manual pages.</para></note>
</sect2>
@ -532,7 +651,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
<para>Configuration with &intel; i810 integrated chipsets
requires the <devicename>agpgart</devicename>
AGP programming interface for <application>&xfree86;</application>
AGP programming interface for X11
to drive the card. The &man.agp.4; driver is in the
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel since releases
4.8-RELEASE and 5.0-RELEASE. On prior releases, you will
@ -575,7 +694,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
later) and messages about unresolved symbols like
<literal>fbPictureInit</literal> appear, try adding the
following line after <literal>Driver "i810"</literal> in the
<application>&xfree86;</application> configuration file:</para>
X11 configuration file:</para>
<programlisting>Option "NoDDC"</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
@ -591,19 +710,18 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Using Fonts in &xfree86;</title>
<title>Using Fonts in X11</title>
<sect2 id="type1">
<title>Type1 Fonts</title>
<para>The default fonts that ship with
<application>&xfree86;</application> are less than ideal for typical
X11 are less than ideal for typical
desktop publishing applications. Large presentation fonts show up
jagged and unprofessional looking, and small fonts in
<application>&netscape;</application> are almost completely unintelligible.
However, there are several free, high quality Type1 (&postscript;) fonts
available which can be readily used
with <application>&xfree86;</application>, either version 3.X or
version 4.X. For instance, the URW font collection
with X11. For instance, the URW font collection
(<filename role="package">x11-fonts/urwfonts</filename>) includes
high quality versions of standard type1 fonts (<trademark class="registered">Times Roman</trademark>,
<trademark class="registered">Helvetica</trademark>, <trademark class="registered">Palatino</trademark> and others). The Freefonts collection
@ -611,9 +729,10 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
many more fonts, but most of them are intended for use in
graphics software such as the <application>Gimp</application>, and are not
complete enough to serve as screen fonts. In addition,
<application>&xfree86;</application> can be configured to use
&truetype; fonts with a minimum of effort: see the
<link linkend="truetype">section on &truetype; fonts</link> later.</para>
X11 can be configured to use
&truetype; fonts with a minimum of effort. For more details on
this, see the &man.X.7; manual page or the
<link linkend="truetype">section on &truetype; fonts</link>.</para>
<para>To install the above Type1 font collections from the ports
collection, run the following commands:</para>
@ -621,11 +740,13 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To tell the X
server that these fonts exist, add an appropriate line to the
<filename>XF86Config</filename> file (in <filename>/etc/</filename> for
<application>&xfree86;</application> version 3, or in
<filename>/etc/X11/</filename> for version 4), which reads:</para>
<para>And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To have the X
server detect these fonts, add an appropriate line to the
X server configuration file in <filename>/etc/X11/</filename>
(<filename>xorg.conf</filename> for
<application>&xorg;</application> and
<filename>XF86Config</filename> for
<application>&xfree86;</application>), which reads:</para>
<programlisting>FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/URW/"</programlisting>
@ -654,12 +775,13 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
<secondary>TrueType</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para><application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> has built in support
<para>Both <application>&xfree86;&nbsp;4.X</application> and <application>&xorg;</application> have built in support
for rendering &truetype; fonts. There are two different modules
that can enable this functionality. The freetype module is used
in this example because it is more consistent with the other font
rendering back-ends. To enable the freetype module just add the
following line to the <literal>"Module"</literal> section of the
<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> or
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> file.</para>
<programlisting>Load "freetype"</programlisting>
@ -676,7 +798,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
and copy all of the &truetype; fonts into this directory. Keep in
mind that &truetype; fonts cannot be directly taken from a
&macintosh;; they must be in &unix;/&ms-dos;/&windows; format for use by
<application>&xfree86;</application>. Once the files have been
X11. Once the files have been
copied into this directory, use
<application>ttmkfdir</application> to create a
<filename>fonts.dir</filename> file, so that the X font renderer
@ -696,7 +818,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
&prompt.user; <userinput>xset fp rehash</userinput></screen>
<para>or add a <literal>FontPath</literal> line to the
<filename>XF86Config</filename> file.</para>
<filename>xorg.conf</filename> (or <filename>XF86Config</filename>) file.</para>
<para>That's it. Now <application>&netscape;</application>,
<application>Gimp</application>,
@ -714,7 +836,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
<author>
<firstname>Joe Marcus</firstname>
<surname>Clarke</surname>
<contrib>Updated for &xfree86; 4.3 by </contrib>
<contrib>Updated by </contrib>
<!-- May 2003 -->
</author>
</authorgroup>
@ -725,14 +847,17 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
<indexterm><primary>fonts</primary>
<secondary>anti-aliased</secondary></indexterm>
<para>Anti-aliasing has been available in
<application>&xfree86;</application> since 4.0.2. However, font
<para>Anti-aliasing has been available in X11 since
<application>&xfree86;</application> 4.0.2. However, font
configuration was cumbersome before the introduction of
<application>&xfree86;</application> 4.3.0. Starting in version 4.3.0,
all fonts in <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> and
<application>&xfree86;</application> 4.3.0.
Beginning with
<application>&xfree86;</application> 4.3.0, all fonts in X11
that are found
in <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/</filename> and
<filename>~/.fonts/</filename> are automatically
made available for anti-aliasing to Xft-aware applications. Not
all applications are Xft-aware yet, but many have received Xft support.
all applications are Xft-aware , but many have received Xft support.
Examples of Xft-aware applications include Qt 2.3 and higher (the
toolkit for the <application>KDE</application> desktop),
GTK+ 2.0 and higher (the toolkit for the
@ -861,7 +986,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
your changes to be ignored.</para>
<para>The default font set that comes with
<application>&xfree86;</application> is not very
X11 is not very
desirable when it comes to anti-aliasing. A much better
set of default fonts can be found in the
<filename role="package">x11-fonts/bitstream-vera</filename>
@ -872,7 +997,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
</filename> file. Merge the contents of this file into
<filename>/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/local.conf</filename>, and the
Bitstream fonts will automatically replace the default
<application>&xfree86;</application> Serif, Sans Serif, and Monospaced
X11 Serif, Sans Serif, and Monospaced
fonts.</para>
<para>Finally, users can add their own settings via their personal
@ -1092,7 +1217,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting>
chooser and the login screens. This is where the appearance
of the login program can be modified. The format is identical
to the app-defaults file described in the
<application>&xfree86;</application> documentation.</para>
X11 documentation.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
@ -1283,7 +1408,7 @@ DisplayManager.requestPort: 0</screen>
<indexterm><primary>GNOME</primary>
<secondary>anti-aliased fonts</secondary></indexterm>
<para>Starting with version 4.0.2, <application>&xfree86;</application>
<para>X11
supports anti-aliasing via its <quote>RENDER</quote> extension.
GTK+ 2.0 and greater (the toolkit used by
<application>GNOME</application>) can make use of this
@ -1547,8 +1672,8 @@ esac</screen>
<indexterm><primary>KDE</primary>
<secondary>anti-aliased fonts</secondary></indexterm>
<para>Starting with version 4.0.2,
<application>&xfree86;</application> supports anti-aliasing via
<para>X11
supports anti-aliasing via
its <quote>RENDER</quote> extension, and starting with version 2.3,
Qt (the toolkit used by <application>KDE</application>) supports
this extension. Configuring this is described in <xref