- fdp-primer/translations 100% completed

PR:		docs/100367
Submitted by:	chinsan.tw at gmail.com
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Vanilla I. Shu 2006-07-16 10:16:28 +00:00
parent 4439291abe
commit c40b0a32e1
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=28302

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@ -36,10 +36,9 @@
<para>本章是翻譯 FreeBSD 文件(包含FAQ, Handbook, tutorials, manual pages等)的常見問題(FAQ)。</para>
<para>It is <emphasis>very</emphasis> heavily based on the translation FAQ
from the FreeBSD German Documentation Project, originally written by Frank
Gr&uuml;nder <email>elwood@mc5sys.in-berlin.de</email> and translated back to
English by Bernd Warken <email>bwarken@mayn.de</email>.</para>
<para>本文件 <emphasis>主要</emphasis> 是以 FreeBSD 德文翻譯計劃的翻譯 FAQ 為母本而來的,
原始撰稿者為 Frank Gr&uuml;nder <email>elwood@mc5sys.in-berlin.de</email> ,並由
Bernd Warken <email>bwarken@mayn.de</email> 再翻譯回英文版。</para>
<para>The FAQ is maintained by the &a.doceng;.</para>
@ -57,190 +56,152 @@
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>What do <phrase>i18n</phrase> and <phrase>l10n</phrase>
mean?</para>
<para><phrase>i18n</phrase> 跟 <phrase>l10n</phrase> 是什麼呢?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para><phrase>i18n</phrase> means
<phrase>internationalization</phrase> and <phrase>l10n</phrase>
means <phrase>localization</phrase>. They are just a convenient
shorthand.</para>
<para><phrase>i18n</phrase> 是
<phrase>internationalization</phrase> 的簡寫,而 <phrase>l10n</phrase>
則是 <phrase>localization</phrase> 的簡寫。這些都是為了書寫方便而用的簡寫。</para>
<para><phrase>i18n</phrase> can be read as <quote>i</quote> followed by
18 letters, followed by <quote>n</quote>. Similarly,
<phrase>l10n</phrase> is <quote>l</quote> followed by 10 letters,
followed by <quote>n</quote>.</para>
<para><phrase>i18n</phrase> 就是開頭為 <quote>i</quote> 後面有 18 個字母,最後接 <quote>n</quote>。
同理,
<phrase>l10n</phrase> 則是開頭為 <quote>l</quote> 後面有 10 個字母,最後接 <quote>n</quote>。</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Is there a mailing list for translators?</para>
<para>有專門給譯者參與討論的 mailing list 嗎?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Yes. Different translation groups have their own mailing
lists. The <ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/docproj/translations.html">list
of translation projects</ulink> has more information about the
mailing lists and web sites run by each translation project.</para>
<para>有啊,不同的語系翻譯者都各自有自屬的 mailing lists。這份 <ulink
url="http://www.freebsd.org/docproj/translations.html">翻譯計劃清單</ulink>
有列出各翻譯計劃的詳細 mailing lists 及相關網站。</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Are more translators needed?</para>
<para>需要更多人一起參與翻譯嗎?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Yes. The more people work on translation the faster it gets
done, and the faster changes to the English documentation are
mirrored in the translated documents.</para>
<para>當然囉,越多人參與翻譯,那麼就能夠越快翻完,而且英文版文件若有增減、更新的話,
各翻譯版也可以儘快同步囉。</para>
<para>You do not have to be a professional translator to be able to
help.</para>
<para>不一定得是專業譯者,才能參與翻譯的。</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>What languages do I need to know?</para>
<para>有要求哪些語言能力呢?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Ideally, you will have a good knowledge of written English, and
obviously you will need to be fluent in the language you are
translating to.</para>
<para>理論上,必須要對英文非常熟稔,而且很明顯地,對想翻譯的語言必須要能運用自如。</para>
<para>English is not strictly necessary. For example, you could do a
Hungarian translation of the FAQ from the Spanish
translation.</para>
<para>英文並非一定要會的。比如說,可以把西班牙文(Spanish)的 FAQ 翻譯為匈牙利文(Hungarian)。</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>What software do I need to know?</para>
<para>該學會哪些程式的使用呢?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>It is strongly recommended that you maintain a local copy of the
FreeBSD CVS repository (at least the documentation part) either
using <application>CTM</application> or
<application>CVSup</application>. The "Staying current with FreeBSD"
chapter in the Handbook explains how to use these
applications.</para>
<para>強烈建議在自己機器上也建立 FreeBSD CVS repository 的備份(至少文件部分),可以用
<application>CTM</application> 或
<application>CVSup</application> 都可以。Handbook 中的 "更新、升級 FreeBSD"
一章內有提到如何使用這些程式。</para>
<para>You should be comfortable using <application>CVS</application>.
This will allow you to see what has changed between different
versions of the files that make up the documentation.</para>
<para>此外,需要熟悉 <application>CVS</application> 用法。
如此一來,你可以查閱不同版本之間的差異處。</para>
<para>[XXX To Do -- write a tutorial that shows how to use CVSup to
get just the documentation, check it out, and see what has changed
between two arbitrary revisions]</para>
<para>[XXX To Do(尚未撰稿,仍待補充) -- 寫份上手說明(tutorial)來介紹如何以 CVSup
取得文件部分,以及察看不同版本之間的差異。]</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>How do I find out who else might be translating to the same
language?</para>
<para>要怎麼找出來還有誰要跟我一起翻譯的呢?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>The <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docproj/translations.html">Documentation
Project translations page</ulink> lists the translation efforts
that are currently known about. If others are already working
on translating documentation to your language, please do not
duplicate their efforts. Instead, contact them to see how you can
help.</para>
<para><ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docproj/translations.html">文件計劃的翻譯</ulink> 這列了目前已知的各翻譯者成果
,如果已經有其他人也在做跟你一樣的翻譯工作,那麼請不要重複浪費人力,
請與他們聯繫看看還有哪些地方可以幫上忙的。</para>
<para>If no one is listed on that page as translating for your
language, then send a message to the &a.doc; in case someone else
is thinking of doing a translation, but has not announced it yet.
<para>若上面並未列出你母語的翻譯,或是也有人要翻譯但還未公開宣布的話,那麼就寄信到 &a.doc; 吧。
</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>No one else is translating to my language. What do I do?</para>
<para>都沒人翻譯為我所使用的語言,該怎麼辦?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Congratulations, you have just started the <quote>FreeBSD
<replaceable>your-language-here</replaceable> Documentation
Translation Project</quote>. Welcome aboard.</para>
<para>恭喜啊,你剛好踏上 <quote>FreeBSD
<replaceable>你的母語</replaceable> 文件翻譯計劃</quote> 的啟程之路,歡迎上船。</para>
<para>First, decide whether or not you have got the time to spare. Since
you are the only person working on your language at the moment it is
going to be your responsibility to publicize your work and
coordinate any volunteers that might want to help you.</para>
<para>首先呢,先判斷是否有妥善規劃時間,因為你只有一個人在翻而已,
因此,相關翻譯成果的公布、與其他可能會幫忙的志工們聯繫這些工作都是你的職責所在。</para>
<para>Write an email to the Documentation Project mailing list,
announcing that you are going to translate the documentation, so the
Documentation Project translations page can be maintained.</para>
<para>寫信到 &a.doc; 向大家宣布你正準備要翻譯,然後文件計劃的翻譯部分就會更新相關資料</para>
<para>If there is already someone in your country providing FreeBSD
mirroring services you should contact them and ask if you can
have some webspace for your project, and possibly an email
address or mailing list services.</para>
<para>若你的國家已經有人提供 FreeBSD 的 mirror(映設) 服務的話,那麼就先跟他們聯繫,
並詢問你是否在上面可以有網頁空間來放相關計劃資料,
以及是否可以有提供 email 帳號或 mailing list 服務。</para>
<para>Then pick a document and start translating. It is best to start
with something fairly small&mdash;either the FAQ, or one of the
tutorials.</para>
<para>然後,就開始翻文件囉,一開始翻譯的時候,先找些篇幅較短的文件會比較容易些
&mdash; 像是 FAQ 啦,或是如何上手之類的說明文章。</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>I have translated some documentation, where do I send it?</para>
<para>已經翻好一些文件了,該寄到哪呢?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>That depends. If you are already working with a translation team
(such as the Japanese team, or the German team) then they will have
their own procedures for handling submitted documentation, and these
will be outlined on their web pages.</para>
<para>這要看情況而定。 若你是在翻譯團隊內做的話(像是日本、德國)
他們會有自己內部流程來決定翻譯文件怎麼送,這些大致流程會在他們網頁上面有寫。</para>
<para>If you are the only person working on a particular language (or
you are responsible for a translation project and want to submit
your changes back to the FreeBSD project) then you should send your
translation to the FreeBSD project (see the next question).</para>
<para>若你是某語系的唯一翻譯者(或你是負責某翻譯計劃,並想把成果回饋給 FreeBSD 計劃)
,那麼你就應該把自己的翻譯成果寄給 FreeBSD 計劃。(細節請看下個問題)</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>I am the only person working on translating to this language, how
do I submit my translation?</para>
<para>我是該語系的唯一翻譯者,該怎麼把翻譯成果寄出去呢?</para>
<para>or</para>
<para>或者</para>
<para>We are a translation team, and want to submit documentation that
our members have translated for us?</para>
<para>我們是翻譯團隊,該怎麼把我們成員翻譯成果寄出去呢?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>First, make sure your translation is organized properly. This
means that it should drop into the existing documentation tree and
build straight away.</para>
<para>首先,請先確定你的翻譯成果組織條理分明,並可正確編譯,也就是說:
把它擺到現有文件架構內是可以正確編譯成功的。</para>
<para>Currently, the FreeBSD documentation is stored in a top level
directory called <filename>doc/</filename>. Directories below this
are named according to the language code they are written in, as
defined in ISO639 (<filename>/usr/share/misc/iso639</filename> on a
version of FreeBSD newer than 20th January 1999).</para>
<para>目前FreeBSD 文件都是放在最上層的 <filename>doc/</filename> 目錄內。
而該目錄下的則依其語系來做分類命名的,依照 ISO639 定義(<filename>/usr/share/misc/iso639</filename>
的這個 FreeBSD 版本比 1999/01/20 還新)。</para>
<para>If your language can be encoded in different ways (for example,
Chinese) then there should be directories below this, one for each
encoding format you have provided.</para>
<para>若你這個語系可能會有不同編碼方式(像是:中文)
那麼就應該會像下面這樣,來依你所使用的編碼方式細分。</para>
<para>Finally, you should have directories for each document.</para>
<para>最後,你應該建立好各文件的目錄了。</para>
<para>For example, a hypothetical Swedish translation might look
like:</para>
<para>舉例來說,假設有瑞典文(Swedish)版的翻譯,那麼應該會長像:</para>
<programlisting>doc/
sv_SE.ISO8859-1/
@ -250,162 +211,147 @@
Makefile
book.sgml</programlisting>
<para><literal>sv_SE.ISO8859-1</literal> is the name of the
translation, in
<filename><replaceable>lang</replaceable>.<replaceable>encoding</replaceable></filename>
form. Note the
two Makefiles, which will be used to build the documentation.</para>
<para><literal>sv_SE.ISO8859-1</literal> 是依照
<filename><replaceable>語系(lang)</replaceable>.<replaceable>編碼(encoding)</replaceable></filename>
的規則來建立的譯名。
請注意:其中有兩個 <filename>Makefiles</filename> 檔,它們是用來編書的。</para>
<para>Use &man.tar.1; and &man.gzip.1; to compress up your
documentation, and send it to the project.</para>
<para>然後請用 &man.tar.1; 與 &man.gzip.1; 來把你的翻譯文件壓縮起來,並寄到本計劃來。</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cd doc</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>tar cf swedish-docs.tar sv</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>tar cf swedish-docs.tar sv_SE.ISO8859-1</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>gzip -9 swedish-docs.tar</userinput></screen>
<para>Put <filename>swedish-docs.tar.gz</filename> somewhere. If you
do not have access to your own webspace (perhaps your ISP does not
let you have any) then you can email &a.doceng;, and arrange to email
the files when it is convenient.</para>
<para>接著,把 <filename>swedish-docs.tar.gz</filename> 放到網頁空間上,若你沒有自己網頁空間的話(ISP不提供)
,那麼可以該檔寄到 &a.doceng; 來。</para>
<para>Either way, you should use &man.send-pr.1; to submit a report
indicating that you have submitted the documentation. It would be
very helpful if you could get other people to look over your
translation and double check it first, since it is unlikely that the
person committing it will be fluent in the language.</para>
<para>還有,記得用 &man.send-pr.1; 以正式通知大家;你已經寄出翻譯文件了,
還有,若有人可以幫忙檢閱、複審文件的話,對翻譯品質較好,
因為這也有助於提升翻譯品質的流暢度。</para>
<para>Someone (probably the Documentation Project Manager, currently
&a.doceng;) will then take your translation and confirm that it builds.
In particular, the following things will be looked at:</para>
<para>最後,會有人(可能是文件計劃總管,或是 &a.doceng; 成員)
會檢閱你的翻譯文件,並確認是否可正常編譯。此外,他們會特別注意下列幾點:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Do all your files use RCS strings (such as "ID")?</para>
<para>你的檔案是否都有用 RCS tag (像是 "ID" 之類的)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Does <command>make all</command> in the
<filename>sv_SE.ISO8859-1</filename> directory work correctly?</para>
<para><filename>sv_SE.ISO8859-1</filename> 是否可以順利 <command>make all</command> 編譯呢?</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Does <command>make install</command> work correctly?</para>
<para><command>make install</command> 是否結果有正確?</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>If there are any problems then whoever is looking at the
submission will get back to you to work them out.</para>
<para>若有問題的話,那麼檢閱者會叮嚀你,來讓這些翻譯成果可以正確使用。</para>
<para>If there are no problems your translation will be committed
as soon as possible.</para>
<para>若沒問題的話,那麼就會很快把你的翻譯成果 commit 進去了。</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Can I include language or country specific text in my
translation?</para>
<para>可以加入某語系或某國家才有的東西到翻譯內容內嗎?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>We would prefer that you did not.</para>
<para>我們希望不要這麼做。</para>
<para>For example, suppose that you are translating the Handbook to
Korean, and want to include a section about retailers in Korea in
your Handbook.</para>
<para>舉例來說,假設你正準備把 Handbook 翻譯為韓文版,
並希望把韓國零售處也加到你翻譯的 Handbook 韓文版內。</para>
<para>There is no real reason why that information should not be in the
English (or German, or Spanish, or Japanese, or &hellip;) versions
as well. It is feasible that an English speaker in Korea might try
to pick up a copy of FreeBSD whilst over there. It also helps
increase FreeBSD's perceived presence around the globe, which is not
a bad thing.</para>
<para>我們想不出來有啥原因,為什麼不把這些資訊提供給英文版呢?(或是德文、西班牙文、日文等 &hellip;)
因為,有可能英語讀者跑去韓國時,會想買 FreeBSD 相關產品。
此外,這也可以提升 FreeBSD 的可見度,很顯然的,這並不是件壞事啊。</para>
<para>If you have country specific information, please submit it as a
change to the English Handbook (using &man.send-pr.1;) and then
translate the change back to your language in the translated
Handbook.</para>
<para>若你有某國才有的資料,請(用 &man.send-pr.1; )提供給英文版 Handbook 以作為修訂
,然後再把英文版的修訂部分,翻為你要翻譯的 Handbook 吧。</para>
<para>Thanks.</para>
<para>感恩,謝謝。</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>How should language specific characters be included?</para>
<para>要怎麼把該語系特有的字元寫進去翻譯內容呢?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Non-ASCII characters in the documentation should be included
using SGML entities.</para>
<para>文件內所有的非 ASCII(Non-ASCII) 字元,都要使用 SGML entities 才能寫進去。</para>
<para>Briefly, these look like an ampersand (&amp;), the name of the
entity, and a semi-colon (;).</para>
<para>簡單來說,長相一開頭會是 &amp; 符號(&amp;),然後是該 entity 名稱,最後接上分號(;)。</para>
<para>The entity names are defined in ISO8879, which is in the ports
tree as <filename role="package">textproc/iso8879</filename>.</para>
<para>這些 entity 名稱都是 ISO8879 所制訂的,而 port tree 內則在
<filename role="package">textproc/iso8879</filename></para>
<para>A few examples include:</para>
<para>以下舉一些例子:</para>
<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>Entity</segtitle>
<segtitle>Entity名稱</segtitle>
<segtitle>Appearance</segtitle>
<segtitle>實際樣子</segtitle>
<segtitle>Description</segtitle>
<segtitle>介紹</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>&amp;eacute;</seg>
<seg>&eacute;</seg>
<seg>Small <quote>e</quote> with an acute accent</seg>
<seg>小 <quote>e</quote>,並帶尖、重音(acute accent)</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>&amp;Eacute;</seg>
<seg>&Eacute;</seg>
<seg>Large <quote>E</quote> with an acute accent</seg>
<seg>大 <quote>E</quote>,並帶尖、重音(acute accent)</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>&amp;uuml;</seg>
<seg>&uuml;</seg>
<seg>Small <quote>u</quote> with an umlaut</seg>
<seg>小 <quote>u</quote>,並帶日耳曼語系中的母音變化(umlaut)</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
<para>After you have installed the iso8879 port, the files in
<filename>/usr/local/share/sgml/iso8879</filename> contain the
complete list.</para>
<para>在裝了 iso8879 這個 port 之後,就可以在
<filename>/usr/local/share/sgml/iso8879</filename> 找到這些的詳細列表。</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Addressing the reader</para>
<para>如何稱呼讀者呢?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>In the English documents, the reader is addressed as
<quote>you</quote>, there is no formal/informal distinction as there
is in some languages.</para>
<para>在英文文件內,讀者都是以 <quote>you</quote> 來稱呼,而有些語言並沒有正式/非正式的區隔。</para>
<para>If you are translating to a language which does distinguish, use
whichever form is typically used in other technical documentation in
your language. If in doubt, use a mildly polite form.</para>
<para>若你所要翻的語言可以區別這些差異,那麼請用該語系在一般技術文件上所使用的稱呼吧。
如果容易造成困惑的話,那麼請改用較中性的稱呼來取代。</para>
<!--
摘自 http://fatpipi.cirx.org/~vanilla/rules.txt
如非必要,翻譯文章內盡量少用直接稱呼你我他的用字。
如果真的得用,就採用第三人稱(用【他】而非【你】),還有就是用複數(用【你們】而非【你】)
當然這還是得配合原文的上下語意。如果他是寫 "I" 而翻譯成 "我",則無可厚非。
但是對於文內絕大多數的"You..... you ...etc"
其實都可以把【你】簡化或是避免掉,這對閱讀時候的順暢感應該有幫助。
-->
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Do I need to include any additional information in my
translations?</para>
<para>翻譯成果內要不要附上一些其他訊息呢?</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Yes.</para>
<para>當然要。</para>
<para>The header of the English version of each document will look
something like this:</para>
<para>每份英文版原稿的開頭,通常會有像下面的內容:</para>
<programlisting>&lt;!--
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
@ -413,23 +359,19 @@
&dollar;FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/translations/chapter.sgml,v 1.5 2000/07/07 18:38:38 dannyboy Exp &dollar;
--&gt;</programlisting>
<para>The exact boilerplate may change, but it will always include a
&dollar;FreeBSD&dollar; line and the phrase <literal>The FreeBSD Documentation
Project</literal>.
Note that the &dollar;FreeBSD part is expanded automatically by
CVS, so it should be empty (just
<literal>&dollar;FreeBSD&dollar;</literal>) for new files.</para>
<para>實際上的內容可能稍有不同,但每份原稿都會附上 &dollar;FreeBSD&dollar; 這一行以及
<literal>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</literal> 宣告。
請注意:&dollar;FreeBSD 開頭的這行是會由 CVS 隨著每次異動而自動更改的,
所以,新檔案的話請保持原狀(也就是只要寫 <literal>&dollar;FreeBSD&dollar;</literal> 就好了)。</para>
<para>Your translated documents should include their own
&dollar;FreeBSD&dollar; line, and change the
<literal>FreeBSD Documentation Project</literal> line to
<literal>The FreeBSD <replaceable>language</replaceable>
Documentation Project</literal>.</para>
<para>翻譯文件中,必須都要有 &dollar;FreeBSD&dollar; 這行,並且把
<literal>FreeBSD Documentation Project</literal> 這行改為
<literal>The FreeBSD <replaceable>你的語系</replaceable>
Documentation Project</literal>。</para>
<para>In addition, you should add a third line which indicates which
revision of the English text this is based on.</para>
<para>此外,還必須加上第三行來指出你所翻譯的,到底是以英文版原稿的哪一版本為母本所做的翻譯。</para>
<para>So, the Spanish version of this file might start:</para>
<para>因此呢,西班牙文版(Spanish)的檔案開頭應該是長像這樣:</para>
<programlisting>&lt;!--
The FreeBSD Spanish Documentation Project