Update Emergency Restore Procedure section to use the livefs CDROM
instead of a fixit floppy (the given fixit floppy build procedure does not work). I had this change on my todo list since 2003... PR: Submitted by: Reviewed by: Approved by: Obtained from: MFC after: Security:
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Marc Fonvieille
parent
2807eac095
commit
c7bf2534e7
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=36296
1 changed files with 23 additions and 181 deletions
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@ -2686,187 +2686,36 @@ sa0(ncr1:4:0): Logical unit is in process of becoming ready</screen>
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two copies of
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each.</para>
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<indexterm><primary>fix-it floppies</primary></indexterm>
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<para>Second, determine that the boot and fix-it floppies
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(<filename>boot.flp</filename> and <filename>fixit.flp</filename>)
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have all your devices. The easiest way to check is to reboot your
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machine with the boot floppy in the floppy drive and check the boot
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messages. If all your devices are listed and functional, skip on to
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step three.</para>
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<para>Otherwise, you have to create two custom bootable
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floppies which have a kernel that can mount all of your disks
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and access your tape drive. These floppies must contain:
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<command>fdisk</command>, <command>bsdlabel</command>,
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<command>newfs</command>, <command>mount</command>, and
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whichever backup program you use. These programs must be
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statically linked. If you use <command>dump</command>, the
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floppy must contain <command>restore</command>.</para>
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<indexterm><primary>livefs CD</primary></indexterm>
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<para>Second, burn a <quote>livefs</quote> CDROM. This CDROM
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contains support for booting into a &os;
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<quote>livefs</quote> rescue mode allowing the user to
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perform many tasks like running &man.dump.8;,
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&man.restore.8;, &man.fdisk.8;, &man.bsdlabel.8;,
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&man.newfs.8;, &man.mount.8;, and more. Livefs CD image for
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&os;/&arch.i386; &rel.current;-RELEASE is available
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from <ulink
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url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch.i386;/ISO-IMAGES/&rel.current;/&os;-&rel.current;-RELEASE-&arch.i386;-livefs.iso"></ulink>.</para>
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<para>Third, create backup tapes regularly. Any changes that you make
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after your last backup may be irretrievably lost. Write-protect the
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backup tapes.</para>
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<para>Fourth, test the floppies (either <filename>boot.flp</filename>
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and <filename>fixit.flp</filename> or the two custom bootable
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floppies you made in step two.) and backup tapes. Make notes of the
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procedure. Store these notes with the bootable floppy, the
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<para>Fourth, test the <quote>livefs</quote> CDROM
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you made in step two and backup tapes. Make notes of the
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procedure. Store these notes with the CDROM, the
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printouts and the backup tapes. You will be so distraught when
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restoring that the notes may prevent you from destroying your backup
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tapes (How? In place of <command>tar xvf /dev/sa0</command>, you
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might accidentally type <command>tar cvf /dev/sa0</command> and
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over-write your backup tape).</para>
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<para>For an added measure of security, make bootable floppies and two
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<para>For an added measure of security, make <quote>livefs</quote> CDROM and two
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backup tapes each time. Store one of each at a remote location. A
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remote location is NOT the basement of the same office building. A
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number of firms in the World Trade Center learned this lesson the
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hard way. A remote location should be physically separated from
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your computers and disk drives by a significant distance.</para>
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<example>
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<title>A Script for Creating a Bootable Floppy</title>
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<programlisting><![ CDATA [#!/bin/sh
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#
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# create a restore floppy
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#
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# format the floppy
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#
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PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
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fdformat -q fd0
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]
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then
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echo "Bad floppy, please use a new one"
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exit 1
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fi
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# place boot blocks on the floppy
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#
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bsdlabel -w -B /dev/fd0c fd1440
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#
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# newfs the one and only partition
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#
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newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -c 40 -i 5120 -m 5 -o space /dev/fd0a
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#
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# mount the new floppy
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#
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mount /dev/fd0a /mnt
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#
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# create required directories
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#
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mkdir /mnt/dev
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mkdir /mnt/bin
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mkdir /mnt/sbin
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mkdir /mnt/etc
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mkdir /mnt/root
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mkdir /mnt/mnt # for the root partition
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mkdir /mnt/tmp
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mkdir /mnt/var
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#
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# populate the directories
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#
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if [ ! -x /sys/compile/MINI/kernel ]
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then
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cat << EOM
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The MINI kernel does not exist, please create one.
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Here is an example config file:
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#
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# MINI -- A kernel to get FreeBSD onto a disk.
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#
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machine "i386"
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cpu "I486_CPU"
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ident MINI
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maxusers 5
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options INET # needed for _tcp _icmpstat _ipstat
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# _udpstat _tcpstat _udb
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options FFS #Berkeley Fast File System
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options FAT_CURSOR #block cursor in syscons or pccons
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options SCSI_DELAY=15 #Be pessimistic about Joe SCSI device
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options NCONS=2 #1 virtual consoles
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options USERCONFIG #Allow user configuration with -c XXX
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config kernel root on da0 swap on da0 and da1 dumps on da0
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device isa0
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device pci0
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device fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr
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device fd0 at fdc0 drive 0
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device ncr0
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device scbus0
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device sc0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr
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device npx0 at isa? port "IO_NPX" irq 13 vector npxintr
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device da0
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device da1
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device da2
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device sa0
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pseudo-device loop # required by INET
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pseudo-device gzip # Exec gzipped a.out's
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EOM
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exit 1
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fi
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cp -f /sys/compile/MINI/kernel /mnt
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gzip -c -best /sbin/init > /mnt/sbin/init
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gzip -c -best /sbin/fsck > /mnt/sbin/fsck
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gzip -c -best /sbin/mount > /mnt/sbin/mount
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gzip -c -best /sbin/halt > /mnt/sbin/halt
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gzip -c -best /sbin/restore > /mnt/sbin/restore
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gzip -c -best /bin/sh > /mnt/bin/sh
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gzip -c -best /bin/sync > /mnt/bin/sync
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cp /root/.profile /mnt/root
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chmod 500 /mnt/sbin/init
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chmod 555 /mnt/sbin/fsck /mnt/sbin/mount /mnt/sbin/halt
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chmod 555 /mnt/bin/sh /mnt/bin/sync
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chmod 6555 /mnt/sbin/restore
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#
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# create minimum file system table
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#
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cat > /mnt/etc/fstab <<EOM
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/dev/fd0a / ufs rw 1 1
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EOM
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#
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# create minimum passwd file
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#
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cat > /mnt/etc/passwd <<EOM
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root:*:0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/sh
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EOM
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cat > /mnt/etc/master.passwd <<EOM
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root::0:0::0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/sh
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EOM
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chmod 600 /mnt/etc/master.passwd
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chmod 644 /mnt/etc/passwd
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/usr/sbin/pwd_mkdb -d/mnt/etc /mnt/etc/master.passwd
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#
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# umount the floppy and inform the user
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#
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/sbin/umount /mnt
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echo "The floppy has been unmounted and is now ready."]]></programlisting>
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</example>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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@ -2879,23 +2728,16 @@ echo "The floppy has been unmounted and is now ready."]]></programlisting>
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<para>If the hardware has been damaged, the parts should be replaced
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before attempting to use the computer.</para>
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<para>If your hardware is okay, check your floppies. If you are using
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a custom boot floppy, boot single-user (type <literal>-s</literal>
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at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt). Skip the following
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paragraph.</para>
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<para>If you are using the <filename>boot.flp</filename> and
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<filename>fixit.flp</filename> floppies, keep reading. Insert the
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<filename>boot.flp</filename> floppy in the first floppy drive and
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<para>If your hardware is okay, insert the
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<quote>livefs</quote> CDROM in the CDROM drive and
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boot the computer. The original install menu will be displayed on
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the screen. Select the <literal>Fixit--Repair mode with CDROM or
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floppy.</literal> option. Insert the
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<filename>fixit.flp</filename> when prompted.
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the screen. Select the correct country, then choose
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<guimenuitem>Fixit -- Repair mode with CDROM/DVD/floppy or
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start a shell.</guimenuitem> option and select the
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<guimenuitem>CDROM/DVD -- Use the live filesystem
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CDROM/DVD</guimenuitem> item. The tool
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<command>restore</command> and the other programs that you need are
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located in <filename class="directory">/mnt2/rescue</filename>
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(<filename class="directory">/mnt2/stand</filename> for
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&os; versions older than 5.2).</para>
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located in <filename class="directory">/mnt2/rescue</filename>.</para>
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<para>Recover each file system separately.</para>
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<indexterm>
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@ -2913,7 +2755,7 @@ echo "The floppy has been unmounted and is now ready."]]></programlisting>
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bsdlabel was damaged, use <command>bsdlabel</command> to re-partition and
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label the disk to match the label that you printed and saved. Use
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<command>newfs</command> to re-create the file systems. Re-mount the root
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partition of the floppy read-write (<command>mount -u -o rw
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partition of the disk read-write (<command>mount -u -o rw
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/mnt</command>). Use your backup program and backup tapes to
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recover the data for this file system (e.g. <command>restore vrf
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/dev/sa0</command>). Unmount the file system (e.g. <command>umount
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