diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml index 47fd9570ab..35fd3c1232 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The FreeBSD Documentation Project - $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.188 2001/05/01 17:56:53 nik Exp $ + $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.189 2001/05/04 05:11:18 dd Exp $ 1995 @@ -2755,8 +2755,7 @@ Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work, especially those that claim to be AST compatible. - Check the sio + Check the &man.sio.4; man page to get more information on configuring such cards. @@ -3012,9 +3011,8 @@ moused_flags="" paste the text. Pressing the button 3 will extend the selected region of text. If your mouse does not have the middle button, you may wish to emulate - it or remap buttons using moused options. See the - moused(8) man page for details. + it or remap buttons using moused options. See the + &man.moused.8; man page for details. @@ -3215,13 +3213,13 @@ diff -u -r1.60.2.1 -r1.60.2.2 - FreeBSD 2.2 supports SCSI changers using the ch(4) - device and the chio(1) + FreeBSD 2.2 supports SCSI changers using the + &man.ch.4; + device and the + &man.chio.1; command. The details of how you actually control the changer - can be found in the chio(1) + can be found in the + &man.chio.1; man page. If you're not using - You have to tell mount + You have to tell &man.mount.8; the type of the device that you want to mount. By default, - mount(8) + &man.mount.8; will assume the filesystem is of type ufs. You want to mount a CDROM filesystem, and you do this by - specifying the option to - mount(8). This does, of course, assume that the + specifying the option to + &man.mount.8;. This does, of course, assume that the CDROM contains an ISO 9660 filesystem, which is what most CDROMs have. As of 1.1R, FreeBSD automatically understands the Rock Ridge (long filename) extensions as well. @@ -3965,8 +3960,7 @@ quit This is a known problem with the ATI Mach 64 video card. The problem is that this card uses address 2e8, and the fourth serial port does too. - Due to a bug (feature?) in the sio(4) + Due to a bug (feature?) in the &man.sio.4; driver it will touch this port even if you don't have the fourth serial port, and even if you disable sio3 (the fourth port) which normally uses this @@ -5423,8 +5417,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr comments to show what to put in there. In post-2.2.1 and 3.0, /etc/sysconfig - was renamed to a more self-describing rc.conf + was renamed to a more self-describing &man.rc.conf.5; file and the syntax cleaned up a bit in the process. /etc/netstart was also renamed to /etc/rc.network so that all files could be @@ -5466,14 +5459,11 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr - Use the adduser - command. For more complicated usage, the pw + Use the &man.adduser.8; + command. For more complicated usage, the &man.pw.8; command. - To remove the user again, use the rmuser + To remove the user again, use the &man.rmuser.8; command. Once again, pw will work as well. @@ -5531,8 +5521,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr file system on it. You'll get long filename support, at least a 2X improvement in performance, and a lot more stability. First, you need to redo the DOS-level partitions/filesystems. You can - either use fdisk or + either use &man.fdisk.8; or /stand/sysinstall, or for a small drive that you don't want to bother with multiple operating system support on, just blow away the whole FAT partition table @@ -5703,8 +5692,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr Linux: 2.2 and later have support for ext2fs partitions. - See mount_ext2fs + See &man.mount.ext2fs.8; for more information. NT: A read-only NTFS driver @@ -5847,8 +5835,8 @@ C:\="DOS" Boot: 1:da(0,a)/kernel - On FreeBSD 2.2.5 and later, you can configure boot(8) + On FreeBSD 2.2.5 and later, you can configure + &man.boot.8; to automatically do this for you at boot time. The Both the /usr/share/syscons/keymaps and the .kbd extension are assumed by - - kbdcontrol. + &man.kbdcontrol.1;. This can be configured in /etc/sysconfig - (or - rc.conf). See the appropriate comments in this + (or + &man.rc.conf.5;). See the appropriate comments in this file. In 2.0.5R and later, everything related to text fonts, @@ -6408,8 +6394,8 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging Tweaking /etc/sendmail.cf manually is considered something for purists. Sendmail version 8 comes with - a new approach of generating config files via some m4 + a new approach of generating config files via some + &man.m4.1; preprocessing, where the actual hand-crafted configuration is on a higher abstraction level. You should use the configuration files under @@ -6728,8 +6714,8 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl in-place, with the original file stored with a .bak extension. - Alternatively you can use the tr + Alternatively you can use the + &man.tr.1; command: &prompt.user; tr -d '\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file @@ -6746,9 +6732,7 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl How do I kill processes by name? - Use - killall. + Use &man.killall.1;. @@ -7909,8 +7893,7 @@ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure by default. On a multi-user system, one doesn't necessarily want just any user to be able to write on the system console. For users who are logging directly onto a machine with a VTY, - the fbtab + the &man.fbtab.5; file exists to solve such problems. In a nutshell, make sure an uncommented line of the @@ -8304,22 +8287,20 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You can however enable this feature by changing the following - variable to YES in - rc.conf: + variable to YES in + &man.rc.conf.5;: gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway - This option will put the - sysctl variable + This option will put the + &man.sysctl.8; variable net.inet.ip.forwarding to 1. In most cases, you will also need to run a routing process to tell other systems on your network about your router; - FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon routed, + FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon + &man.routed.8; or for more complex situations you may want to try GaTeD (available from http://www.gated.org/ ) @@ -8412,14 +8393,13 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop If you have a local subnet (one or more local machines), but have been allocated only a single IP number from your Internet provider (or even if you receive a dynamic IP number), - you may want to look at the natd + you may want to look at the &man.natd.8; program. natd allows you to connect an entire subnet to the internet using only a single IP number. - The - ppp program has similar functionality built in via + The &man.ppp.8; + program has similar functionality built in via the switch. The alias library is used in both cases. @@ -8451,9 +8431,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop How can I setup Ethernet aliases? - Add netmask 0xffffffff to your - ifconfig command-line like the following: + Add netmask 0xffffffff to your + &man.ifconfig.8; command-line like the following: &prompt.root; ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff @@ -8467,9 +8446,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify - an additional parameter on the - ifconfig command line. The default port is + an additional parameter on the + &man.ifconfig.8; command line. The default port is link0. To use the AUI port instead of the BNC one, use link2. These flags should be specified using the ifconfig_* variables in - The Berkeley Packet Filter (bpf) + The Berkeley Packet Filter (&man.bpf.4;) driver needs to be enabled before running programs that utilize it. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: @@ -9000,9 +8977,9 @@ Znyx (2.2.x) ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348 - You should first read the - ppp man page and the You should first read the + &man.ppp.8; + man page and the ppp section of the handbook. Enable logging with the command @@ -9077,8 +9054,7 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file. If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're - running an old version of ppp + running an old version of &man.ppp.8; that doesn't understand the word HISADDR in the ppp.conf file. If your version of ppp is from before FreeBSD @@ -9156,12 +9132,10 @@ add 0 0 HISADDR the ppp.conf file, or to type it at the prompt in interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while the line is active by connecting to ppps server socket using telnet - or pppctl. - Refer to the ppp man + remap=bf>ppps server socket using + &man.telnet.1; or &man.pppctl.8;. + Refer to the + &man.ppp.8; man page for further details. @@ -9309,8 +9283,7 @@ deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was - established, ppp + established, &man.ppp.8; would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control Protocol (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and expect the client to do so. To force @@ -9558,8 +9531,7 @@ set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0 In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is actually trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, - - sendmail is the culprit. You should make sure that + &man.sendmail.8; is the culprit. You should make sure that you tell sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See the section on Mail Configuration for details @@ -9635,8 +9607,7 @@ CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6) set log +connect - This will make ppp log + This will make &man.ppp.8; log everything up until the last requested expect string. @@ -9774,8 +9745,7 @@ ATDT1234567 iface. The problem was that when that initial program calls - - connect(2), the IP number of the tun interface is + &man.connect.2;, the IP number of the tun interface is assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. Ppp then reads the packet and establishes a @@ -9799,9 +9769,8 @@ ATDT1234567 interface IP to the negotiated IP on the fly. This is essentially what the iface-alias option in the latest version of ppp is - doing (with the help of - libalias(3) and ppp's switch) - + doing (with the help of + &man.libalias.3; and ppp's switch) - it's maintaining all previous interface addresses and NATing them to the last negotiated address. @@ -10262,8 +10231,7 @@ sio1: type 16550A Again, the section on kernel configuration provides information about configuring your kernel. For a multiport - serial card, place an sio line + serial card, place an &man.sio.4; line for each serial port on the card in the kernel configuration file. But place the irq and vector specifiers on only one of the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one irq. @@ -10344,8 +10312,8 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state - devices writable only by root. The MAKEDEV + devices writable only by root. The + &man.MAKEDEV.8; script does NOT do this when it creates the device entries. @@ -10410,9 +10378,8 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointrAfter making modifications to /etc/ttys, you need to send a hangup or - HUP signal to the - init process: + HUP signal to the + &man.init.8; process: &prompt.root; kill -HUP 1 @@ -10467,10 +10434,9 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr - On your system, the programs tip - and - cu are probably executable only by On your system, the programs &man.tip.1; + and &man.cu.1; + are probably executable only by uucp and group dialer. You can use the group dialer to control who has access to your @@ -10493,8 +10459,7 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr - Actually, the man page for tip is + Actually, the man page for &man.tip.1; is out of date. There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in. Just use at=hayes in your @@ -10504,8 +10469,7 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointrBUSY, NO DIALTONE, or CONNECT 115200 will just confuse it. You - should turn those messages off when you use tip + should turn those messages off when you use &man.tip.1; (using ATX0&W). Also, the dial timeout for tip is 60 @@ -10594,10 +10558,9 @@ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: Then you can do something like tip -115200 - 5551234. If you prefer cu - over - tip, use a generic cu entry: + 5551234. If you prefer &man.cu.1; + over + &man.tip.1;, use a generic cu entry: cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: @@ -10614,8 +10577,8 @@ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ Put in an entry for tip1200 or cu1200, but go ahead and use whatever bps - rate is appropriate with the br capability. tip + rate is appropriate with the br capability. + &man.tip.1; thinks a good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for a tip1200 entry. You don't have to use 1200 bps, though. @@ -10680,8 +10643,8 @@ big-university 5551112 big-university 5551113 big-university 5551114 - - tip will try each one in the listed order, then give + &man.tip.1; + will try each one in the listed order, then give up. If you want to keep retrying, run tip in a while loop. @@ -10695,8 +10658,7 @@ big-university 5551114 CTRL+P is the default force character, - used to tell tip + used to tell &man.tip.1; that the next character is literal data. You can set the force character to any other character with the ~s escape, which means set a @@ -10725,9 +10687,8 @@ big-university 5551114 - You must've pressed CTRL+A, - tip raise character, specially + You must've pressed CTRL+A, &man.tip.1; + raise character, specially designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use ~s as above and set the variable raisechar to something reasonable. In fact, @@ -10753,10 +10714,9 @@ raisechar=^^ If you're talking to another UNIX system, you can send and receive files with ~p (put) and - ~t (take). These commands run cat and - - echo on the remote system to accept and send files. + ~t (take). These commands run + &man.cat.1; and + &man.echo.1; on the remote system to accept and send files. The syntax is: ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>] @@ -10881,16 +10841,13 @@ raisechar=^^ - - a.out + &man.a.out.5; The oldest and classic unix object format. It uses a short and compact header with a magic number at the beginning that's often used to - characterize the format (see - a.out(5) for more details). It contains three + characterize the format (see + &man.a.out.5; for more details). It contains three loaded segments: .text, .data, and .bss plus a symbol table and a string table. @@ -10923,16 +10880,14 @@ raisechar=^^ by providing a utility for branding a known ELF executable with information about the ABI it's compliant with. See the - man page for - brandelf for more information. + man page for &man.brandelf.1; + for more information. FreeBSD comes from the classic camp and has - traditionally used the - a.out format, a technology tried and proven through + traditionally used the &man.a.out.5; + format, a technology tried and proven through many generations of BSD releases. Though it has also been possible for some time to build and run native ELF binaries (and kernels) on a FreeBSD @@ -11069,10 +11024,9 @@ raisechar=^^ You have to use either or together with the - option to make this work. See the chmod - and - symlink man pages for more info. + option to make this work. See the + &man.chmod.1; and &man.symlink.7; + man pages for more info. @@ -11082,9 +11036,8 @@ raisechar=^^ specifying directories or symlinks to directories to chmod. If you want to change the permissions of a directory referenced by a - symlink, use - chmod without any options and follow the symlink + symlink, use &man.chmod.1; + without any options and follow the symlink with a trailing slash (/). For example, if foo is a symlink to directory bar, and you want to change @@ -11094,9 +11047,8 @@ raisechar=^^ &prompt.user; chmod 555 foo/ - With the trailing slash, - chmod will follow the symlink, + With the trailing slash, &man.chmod.1; + will follow the symlink, foo, to change the permissions of the directory, bar. @@ -11566,8 +11518,8 @@ raisechar=^^ To make a release you need to do three things: First, - you need to be running a kernel with the vn + you need to be running a kernel with the + &man.vn.4; driver configured in. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: @@ -11869,8 +11821,8 @@ ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) driver publicly available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to files.i386, a - sample configuration file entry, and the appropriate MAKEDEV + sample configuration file entry, and the appropriate + &man.MAKEDEV.8; code to create any special files your device uses. If you do not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml index 47fd9570ab..35fd3c1232 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The FreeBSD Documentation Project - $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.188 2001/05/01 17:56:53 nik Exp $ + $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.189 2001/05/04 05:11:18 dd Exp $ 1995 @@ -2755,8 +2755,7 @@ Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work, especially those that claim to be AST compatible. - Check the sio + Check the &man.sio.4; man page to get more information on configuring such cards. @@ -3012,9 +3011,8 @@ moused_flags="" paste the text. Pressing the button 3 will extend the selected region of text. If your mouse does not have the middle button, you may wish to emulate - it or remap buttons using moused options. See the - moused(8) man page for details. + it or remap buttons using moused options. See the + &man.moused.8; man page for details. @@ -3215,13 +3213,13 @@ diff -u -r1.60.2.1 -r1.60.2.2 - FreeBSD 2.2 supports SCSI changers using the ch(4) - device and the chio(1) + FreeBSD 2.2 supports SCSI changers using the + &man.ch.4; + device and the + &man.chio.1; command. The details of how you actually control the changer - can be found in the chio(1) + can be found in the + &man.chio.1; man page. If you're not using - You have to tell mount + You have to tell &man.mount.8; the type of the device that you want to mount. By default, - mount(8) + &man.mount.8; will assume the filesystem is of type ufs. You want to mount a CDROM filesystem, and you do this by - specifying the option to - mount(8). This does, of course, assume that the + specifying the option to + &man.mount.8;. This does, of course, assume that the CDROM contains an ISO 9660 filesystem, which is what most CDROMs have. As of 1.1R, FreeBSD automatically understands the Rock Ridge (long filename) extensions as well. @@ -3965,8 +3960,7 @@ quit This is a known problem with the ATI Mach 64 video card. The problem is that this card uses address 2e8, and the fourth serial port does too. - Due to a bug (feature?) in the sio(4) + Due to a bug (feature?) in the &man.sio.4; driver it will touch this port even if you don't have the fourth serial port, and even if you disable sio3 (the fourth port) which normally uses this @@ -5423,8 +5417,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr comments to show what to put in there. In post-2.2.1 and 3.0, /etc/sysconfig - was renamed to a more self-describing rc.conf + was renamed to a more self-describing &man.rc.conf.5; file and the syntax cleaned up a bit in the process. /etc/netstart was also renamed to /etc/rc.network so that all files could be @@ -5466,14 +5459,11 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr - Use the adduser - command. For more complicated usage, the pw + Use the &man.adduser.8; + command. For more complicated usage, the &man.pw.8; command. - To remove the user again, use the rmuser + To remove the user again, use the &man.rmuser.8; command. Once again, pw will work as well. @@ -5531,8 +5521,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr file system on it. You'll get long filename support, at least a 2X improvement in performance, and a lot more stability. First, you need to redo the DOS-level partitions/filesystems. You can - either use fdisk or + either use &man.fdisk.8; or /stand/sysinstall, or for a small drive that you don't want to bother with multiple operating system support on, just blow away the whole FAT partition table @@ -5703,8 +5692,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr Linux: 2.2 and later have support for ext2fs partitions. - See mount_ext2fs + See &man.mount.ext2fs.8; for more information. NT: A read-only NTFS driver @@ -5847,8 +5835,8 @@ C:\="DOS" Boot: 1:da(0,a)/kernel - On FreeBSD 2.2.5 and later, you can configure boot(8) + On FreeBSD 2.2.5 and later, you can configure + &man.boot.8; to automatically do this for you at boot time. The Both the /usr/share/syscons/keymaps and the .kbd extension are assumed by - - kbdcontrol. + &man.kbdcontrol.1;. This can be configured in /etc/sysconfig - (or - rc.conf). See the appropriate comments in this + (or + &man.rc.conf.5;). See the appropriate comments in this file. In 2.0.5R and later, everything related to text fonts, @@ -6408,8 +6394,8 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging Tweaking /etc/sendmail.cf manually is considered something for purists. Sendmail version 8 comes with - a new approach of generating config files via some m4 + a new approach of generating config files via some + &man.m4.1; preprocessing, where the actual hand-crafted configuration is on a higher abstraction level. You should use the configuration files under @@ -6728,8 +6714,8 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl in-place, with the original file stored with a .bak extension. - Alternatively you can use the tr + Alternatively you can use the + &man.tr.1; command: &prompt.user; tr -d '\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file @@ -6746,9 +6732,7 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl How do I kill processes by name? - Use - killall. + Use &man.killall.1;. @@ -7909,8 +7893,7 @@ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure by default. On a multi-user system, one doesn't necessarily want just any user to be able to write on the system console. For users who are logging directly onto a machine with a VTY, - the fbtab + the &man.fbtab.5; file exists to solve such problems. In a nutshell, make sure an uncommented line of the @@ -8304,22 +8287,20 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You can however enable this feature by changing the following - variable to YES in - rc.conf: + variable to YES in + &man.rc.conf.5;: gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway - This option will put the - sysctl variable + This option will put the + &man.sysctl.8; variable net.inet.ip.forwarding to 1. In most cases, you will also need to run a routing process to tell other systems on your network about your router; - FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon routed, + FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon + &man.routed.8; or for more complex situations you may want to try GaTeD (available from http://www.gated.org/ ) @@ -8412,14 +8393,13 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop If you have a local subnet (one or more local machines), but have been allocated only a single IP number from your Internet provider (or even if you receive a dynamic IP number), - you may want to look at the natd + you may want to look at the &man.natd.8; program. natd allows you to connect an entire subnet to the internet using only a single IP number. - The - ppp program has similar functionality built in via + The &man.ppp.8; + program has similar functionality built in via the switch. The alias library is used in both cases. @@ -8451,9 +8431,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop How can I setup Ethernet aliases? - Add netmask 0xffffffff to your - ifconfig command-line like the following: + Add netmask 0xffffffff to your + &man.ifconfig.8; command-line like the following: &prompt.root; ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff @@ -8467,9 +8446,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify - an additional parameter on the - ifconfig command line. The default port is + an additional parameter on the + &man.ifconfig.8; command line. The default port is link0. To use the AUI port instead of the BNC one, use link2. These flags should be specified using the ifconfig_* variables in - The Berkeley Packet Filter (bpf) + The Berkeley Packet Filter (&man.bpf.4;) driver needs to be enabled before running programs that utilize it. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: @@ -9000,9 +8977,9 @@ Znyx (2.2.x) ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348 - You should first read the - ppp man page and the You should first read the + &man.ppp.8; + man page and the ppp section of the handbook. Enable logging with the command @@ -9077,8 +9054,7 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0 This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file. If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're - running an old version of ppp + running an old version of &man.ppp.8; that doesn't understand the word HISADDR in the ppp.conf file. If your version of ppp is from before FreeBSD @@ -9156,12 +9132,10 @@ add 0 0 HISADDR the ppp.conf file, or to type it at the prompt in interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on the fly while the line is active by connecting to ppps server socket using telnet - or pppctl. - Refer to the ppp man + remap=bf>ppps server socket using + &man.telnet.1; or &man.pppctl.8;. + Refer to the + &man.ppp.8; man page for further details. @@ -9309,8 +9283,7 @@ deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was - established, ppp + established, &man.ppp.8; would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control Protocol (LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and expect the client to do so. To force @@ -9558,8 +9531,7 @@ set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0 In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is actually trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time, - - sendmail is the culprit. You should make sure that + &man.sendmail.8; is the culprit. You should make sure that you tell sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its configuration file. See the section on Mail Configuration for details @@ -9635,8 +9607,7 @@ CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6) set log +connect - This will make ppp log + This will make &man.ppp.8; log everything up until the last requested expect string. @@ -9774,8 +9745,7 @@ ATDT1234567 iface. The problem was that when that initial program calls - - connect(2), the IP number of the tun interface is + &man.connect.2;, the IP number of the tun interface is assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. Ppp then reads the packet and establishes a @@ -9799,9 +9769,8 @@ ATDT1234567 interface IP to the negotiated IP on the fly. This is essentially what the iface-alias option in the latest version of ppp is - doing (with the help of - libalias(3) and ppp's switch) - + doing (with the help of + &man.libalias.3; and ppp's switch) - it's maintaining all previous interface addresses and NATing them to the last negotiated address. @@ -10262,8 +10231,7 @@ sio1: type 16550A Again, the section on kernel configuration provides information about configuring your kernel. For a multiport - serial card, place an sio line + serial card, place an &man.sio.4; line for each serial port on the card in the kernel configuration file. But place the irq and vector specifiers on only one of the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one irq. @@ -10344,8 +10312,8 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state - devices writable only by root. The MAKEDEV + devices writable only by root. The + &man.MAKEDEV.8; script does NOT do this when it creates the device entries. @@ -10410,9 +10378,8 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointrAfter making modifications to /etc/ttys, you need to send a hangup or - HUP signal to the - init process: + HUP signal to the + &man.init.8; process: &prompt.root; kill -HUP 1 @@ -10467,10 +10434,9 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr - On your system, the programs tip - and - cu are probably executable only by On your system, the programs &man.tip.1; + and &man.cu.1; + are probably executable only by uucp and group dialer. You can use the group dialer to control who has access to your @@ -10493,8 +10459,7 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr - Actually, the man page for tip is + Actually, the man page for &man.tip.1; is out of date. There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in. Just use at=hayes in your @@ -10504,8 +10469,7 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointrBUSY, NO DIALTONE, or CONNECT 115200 will just confuse it. You - should turn those messages off when you use tip + should turn those messages off when you use &man.tip.1; (using ATX0&W). Also, the dial timeout for tip is 60 @@ -10594,10 +10558,9 @@ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: Then you can do something like tip -115200 - 5551234. If you prefer cu - over - tip, use a generic cu entry: + 5551234. If you prefer &man.cu.1; + over + &man.tip.1;, use a generic cu entry: cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: @@ -10614,8 +10577,8 @@ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ Put in an entry for tip1200 or cu1200, but go ahead and use whatever bps - rate is appropriate with the br capability. tip + rate is appropriate with the br capability. + &man.tip.1; thinks a good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for a tip1200 entry. You don't have to use 1200 bps, though. @@ -10680,8 +10643,8 @@ big-university 5551112 big-university 5551113 big-university 5551114 - - tip will try each one in the listed order, then give + &man.tip.1; + will try each one in the listed order, then give up. If you want to keep retrying, run tip in a while loop. @@ -10695,8 +10658,7 @@ big-university 5551114 CTRL+P is the default force character, - used to tell tip + used to tell &man.tip.1; that the next character is literal data. You can set the force character to any other character with the ~s escape, which means set a @@ -10725,9 +10687,8 @@ big-university 5551114 - You must've pressed CTRL+A, - tip raise character, specially + You must've pressed CTRL+A, &man.tip.1; + raise character, specially designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use ~s as above and set the variable raisechar to something reasonable. In fact, @@ -10753,10 +10714,9 @@ raisechar=^^ If you're talking to another UNIX system, you can send and receive files with ~p (put) and - ~t (take). These commands run cat and - - echo on the remote system to accept and send files. + ~t (take). These commands run + &man.cat.1; and + &man.echo.1; on the remote system to accept and send files. The syntax is: ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>] @@ -10881,16 +10841,13 @@ raisechar=^^ - - a.out + &man.a.out.5; The oldest and classic unix object format. It uses a short and compact header with a magic number at the beginning that's often used to - characterize the format (see - a.out(5) for more details). It contains three + characterize the format (see + &man.a.out.5; for more details). It contains three loaded segments: .text, .data, and .bss plus a symbol table and a string table. @@ -10923,16 +10880,14 @@ raisechar=^^ by providing a utility for branding a known ELF executable with information about the ABI it's compliant with. See the - man page for - brandelf for more information. + man page for &man.brandelf.1; + for more information. FreeBSD comes from the classic camp and has - traditionally used the - a.out format, a technology tried and proven through + traditionally used the &man.a.out.5; + format, a technology tried and proven through many generations of BSD releases. Though it has also been possible for some time to build and run native ELF binaries (and kernels) on a FreeBSD @@ -11069,10 +11024,9 @@ raisechar=^^ You have to use either or together with the - option to make this work. See the chmod - and - symlink man pages for more info. + option to make this work. See the + &man.chmod.1; and &man.symlink.7; + man pages for more info. @@ -11082,9 +11036,8 @@ raisechar=^^ specifying directories or symlinks to directories to chmod. If you want to change the permissions of a directory referenced by a - symlink, use - chmod without any options and follow the symlink + symlink, use &man.chmod.1; + without any options and follow the symlink with a trailing slash (/). For example, if foo is a symlink to directory bar, and you want to change @@ -11094,9 +11047,8 @@ raisechar=^^ &prompt.user; chmod 555 foo/ - With the trailing slash, - chmod will follow the symlink, + With the trailing slash, &man.chmod.1; + will follow the symlink, foo, to change the permissions of the directory, bar. @@ -11566,8 +11518,8 @@ raisechar=^^ To make a release you need to do three things: First, - you need to be running a kernel with the vn + you need to be running a kernel with the + &man.vn.4; driver configured in. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: @@ -11869,8 +11821,8 @@ ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) driver publicly available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to files.i386, a - sample configuration file entry, and the appropriate MAKEDEV + sample configuration file entry, and the appropriate + &man.MAKEDEV.8; code to create any special files your device uses. If you do not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been