Change most quote characters to proper <quote> tags,
or other more appropriate SGML entities.
This commit is contained in:
parent
b69352046d
commit
d690a988f5
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=12195
9 changed files with 67 additions and 68 deletions
en_US.ISO8859-1/articles
diskless-x
filtering-bridges
freebsd-questions
laptop
multi-os
pxe
storage-devices
vinum
vm-design
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@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ nb8390.com
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<sect1>
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<title>Getting the network boot programs (On the server)</title>
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<para>Compile the 'net-boot' programs that are located in
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<para>Compile the <quote>net-boot</quote> programs that are located in
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<filename>/usr/src/sys/i386/boot/netboot</filename>. You should read
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the comments at the top of the <filename>Makefile</filename>. Adjust as
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required. Make a backup of the original in case it gets foobar'd. When
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@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/bootpd bootpd /etc/bootptab</progra
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<row>
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<entry><literal>ht=ether</literal></entry>
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<entry>the hardware type of 'ethernet'.</entry>
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<entry>the hardware type of <quote>ethernet</quote>.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
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<abstract>
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<para>For those of you who do not know, DSL differs from more traditional
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connectivity methods in that the "connectivity spigot" that comes
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connectivity methods in that the <quote>connectivity spigot</quote> that comes
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out of the wall has no possibility for packet filtering. If you get
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a T1 line or some such it will come with a router that can generally
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include a packet filter. If you get ISDN or a dialup link, you also
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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
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half or defining a new space that is typically unroutable (see
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<ulink url="ftp://nis.nsf.net/internet/documents/rfc/rfc1918.txt">RFC 1918</ulink>).
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This wastes half of the useful addresses (or at least puts
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them on the "wrong" side of the router -- the thing that is
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them on the <quote>wrong</quote> side of the router—the thing that is
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doing the packet filtering that makes the inside network safe).
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Using a bridge costs some CPU cycles, but makes all of the
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problems of adding a 2nd router go away.</para>
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
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RELENG_4 and -current have had bridging support for all Ethernet
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interfaces. This does not mean that any Ethernet interface will work.
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For them to work, they have to support a working promiscuous mode for
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both reception and transmission -- that is, they have to be able to
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both reception and transmission—that is, they have to be able to
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transmit Ethernet packets with any source address, not just their own.
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In order to get good throughput, the cards should also be PCI bus
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mastering cards. The best choices still are the Intel EtherExpress Pro
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@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE</programlisting>
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<para>Before you boot the new kernel, you must make some preparations in
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<filename>rc.boot</filename> and <filename>rc.firewall</filename>. The
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default rule for the firewall is to drop all packets on the floor. You
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will want to override this by setting up the 'open' firewall in
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will want to override this by setting up the <quote>open</quote> firewall in
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<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. Put these lines in
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<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to achieve this:</para>
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@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ firewall_type="open"</programlisting>
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portions of the startup that require network access, say for DNS
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resolution. Some care must be made in picking which interface is going
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to be the configured one. In most cases, you are best to pick the
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"outside" one (that is, the interface connected to the Internet). Let's
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<quote>outside</quote> one (that is, the interface connected to the Internet). Let's
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presume for the sake of the examples to come, that
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<devicename>fxp0</devicename> is the "outside" interface, and
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<devicename>fxp1</devicename> is the "inside" one. That means that fxp0
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<devicename>fxp0</devicename> is the <quote>outside</quote> interface, and
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<devicename>fxp1</devicename> is the <quote>inside</quote> one. That means that fxp0
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should be mentioned in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>'s ifconfig
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sections, but <devicename>fxp1</devicename> should not be. The sysctl
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that turns the bridge on will make <devicename>fxp1</devicename> start
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@ -203,11 +203,11 @@ firewall_type="open"</programlisting>
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bridged and packets that are being received by the local machine. In
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general, packets being bridged are only run through ipfirewall once, not
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twice as is usually the case. Bridged packets are filtered while they
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are being received, so rules that use 'out' or 'xmit' will never match.
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I usually use 'in via' which is an older syntax, but one that makes
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are being received, so rules that use <literal>out</literal> or <literal>xmit</literal> will never match.
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I usually use <literal>in via</literal> which is an older syntax, but one that makes
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sense as you read it. Another limitation is that you are restricted
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only to 'pass' or 'drop' for filtering bridged packets. Sophisticated
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things like 'divert' or 'forward' or 'reject' are not available. Such
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only to <literal>pass</literal> or <literal>drop</literal> for filtering bridged packets. Sophisticated
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things like <literal>divert</literal> or <literal>forward</literal> or <literal>reject</literal> are not available. Such
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options can still be used, but only on traffic to or from the bridge
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machine itself.</para>
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@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ firewall_type="open"</programlisting>
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addresses and port numbers (but with source and dest reversed, of
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course). For firewalls that have no statekeeping, there is almost no
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way to deal with this sort of traffic short of setting up proxies. But
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a firewall that can "remember" an outgoing UDP packet and for the next
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a firewall that can <quote>remember</quote> an outgoing UDP packet and for the next
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few minutes allow a response, handling UDP services is trivial. The
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example to follow shows how to do this. The truly paranoid can also set
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up rules like this to handle TCP. This allows you to avoid some sorts
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@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ ${ipfw} add deny log ip from any to any</programlisting>
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do to make sure that someone does not try and evade the packet filter by
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generating nefarious packets that look like they are from the inside.
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The problem with that is that there is at least one host on the outside
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interface that you do not want to ignore -- your router. In my
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interface that you do not want to ignore—your router. In my
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particular case, I have some machines on the outside and some on the
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inside, but I do not necessarily want the outside machines to have
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routine access to the inside. At the same time, I do not want to throw
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@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ ${ipfw} add deny log ip from any to any</programlisting>
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<para>There is a rule for passing SMTP to a mailhost if you have one.
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Obviously the whole ruleset above should be flavored to taste, and
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that is an example of a specific service exemption. Note that
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in order for 'mailhost' to work, name service lookups must work
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in order for <quote>mailhost</quote> to work, name service lookups must work
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BEFORE the bridge is enabled. This is an example of making sure
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that you enable the correct interface.</para>
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@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ ${ipfw} add deny log ip from any to any</programlisting>
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DNS server, you do not need them.</para>
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<para>Folks used to setting up IP firewalls also probably are used to
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either having a 'reset' or a 'forward' rule for ident packets
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either having a <literal>reset</literal> or a <literal>forward</literal> rule for ident packets
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(TCP port 113). Unfortunately, this is not an option with the
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bridging code, so the path of least resistance is to simply pass
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them to their destination. As long as that destination machine
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@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ ${ipfw} add deny log ip from any to any</programlisting>
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timeout).</para>
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<para>The only other thing that is a little weird that you may have noticed
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is that there is a rule to let ${us_ip} speak and a separate rule to
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is that there is a rule to let <literal>${us_ip}</literal> speak and a separate rule to
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allow the inside network to speak. Remember that this is because the
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two sets of traffic will be taking different paths through the kernel
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and into the packet filter. The inside net will be going through the
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@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ ${ipfw} add deny log ip from any to any</programlisting>
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stack to speak. Thus the two rules to handle the different cases. The
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in via ${oif} rules work for both paths. In general if you use in via
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rules throughout the filter, you will need to make an exception for
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locally generated packets, because they did not "come in" via
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locally generated packets, because they did not <quote>come in</quote> via
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anything.</para>
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</sect1>
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@ -217,8 +217,8 @@ you consider the question to be pretty technical.</literallayout>
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<listitem>
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<para>Not everybody who answers FreeBSD questions reads every message:
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they look at the subject line and decide whether it interests them.
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Clearly, it is in your interest to specify a subject. ``FreeBSD
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problem'' or ``Help'' are not enough. If you provide no subject at
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Clearly, it is in your interest to specify a subject. <quote>FreeBSD
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problem</quote> or <quote>Help</quote> are not enough. If you provide no subject at
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all, many people will not bother reading it. If your subject is not
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specific enough, the people who can answer it may not read
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it.</para>
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@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ of difficulty installing it. I have a 66 MHz 486 with 16 MB of
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memory and an Adaptec 1540A SCSI board, a 1.2GB Quantum Fireball
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disk and a Toshiba 3501XA CDROM drive. The installation works just
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fine, but when I try to reboot the system, I get the message
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``Missing Operating System''.</literallayout>
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<quote>Missing Operating System</quote>.</literallayout>
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</example>
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</sect1>
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@ -73,16 +73,16 @@
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<programlisting>
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Option "Emulate3Buttons"
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</programlisting>
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in the XF86Config file in the "InputDevice" section (for XFree86
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version 4; for version 3, put just the line "Emulate3Buttons",
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without the quotes, in the "Pointer" section.)
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in the XF86Config file in the <literal>InputDevice</literal> section (for XFree86
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version 4; for version 3, put just the line <literal>Emulate3Buttons</literal>,
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without the quotes, in the <literal>Pointer</literal> section.)
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</sect1>
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<sect1>
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<title>Modems</title>
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<para>
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Laptops usually come with internal (on-board) modems.
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Unfortunately, this almost always means they are "winmodems" whose
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Unfortunately, this almost always means they are <quote>winmodems</quote> whose
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functionality is implemented in software, for which only windows
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drivers are normally available (though a few drivers are beginning
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to show up for other operating systems). Otherwise, you
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@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ Option "Emulate3Buttons"
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<devicename>pcic0</devicename>).</para>
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<para>FreeBSD currently supports 16-bit PCMCIA cards, but not
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32-bit ("CardBus") cards. A database of supported cards is in
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32-bit (<quote>CardBus</quote>) cards. A database of supported cards is in
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the file <filename>/etc/defaults/pccard.conf</filename>. Look
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through it, and preferably buy cards listed there. Cards not
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listed may also work as "generic" devices: in particular most
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listed may also work as <quote>generic</quote> devices: in particular most
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modems (16-bit) should work fine, provided they are not
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winmodems (these do exist even as PC-cards, so watch out). If
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your card is recognised as a generic modem, note that the
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@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Option "Emulate3Buttons"
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over-cautious for your modem, so you may want to play with it,
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reducing it or removing it totally.</para>
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<para>Some parts of pccard.conf may need editing. Check the irq
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<para>Some parts of <filename>pccard.conf</filename> may need editing. Check the irq
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line, and be sure to remove any number already being used: in
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particular, if you have an on board sound card, remove irq 5
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(otherwise you may experience hangs when you insert a card).
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@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Option "Emulate3Buttons"
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<command>apm -b</command> gives you battery status (or 255 if
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not supported), <command>apm -Z</command> puts the laptop on
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standby, <command>apm -z</command> (or zzz) suspends it. To
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shutdown and power off the machine, use "shutdown -p".
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shutdown and power off the machine, use <command>shutdown -p</command>.
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Again, some or all of these functions may not work very well
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or at all. You may find that laptop suspension/standby works
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in console mode but not under X (that is, the screen does not
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@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ Press Esc to continue
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multibooting Windows NT, '95, and DOS with other operating
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systems.</para>
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]]>
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<para>And Hale Landis's "How It Works" document pack contains some
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<para>And Hale Landis's <quote>How It Works</quote> document pack contains some
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good info on all sorts of disk geometry and booting related
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topics. You can find it at
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<ulink
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@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ Press Esc to continue
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<para>Your disk has a particular number of cylinders, number of
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heads, and number of sectors per cylinder-head (a
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cylinder-head also known nown as a track). Collectively this
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information defines the "physical disk geometry" for your hard
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information defines the <quote>physical disk geometry</quote> for your hard
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disk. There are typically 512 bytes per sector, and 63
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sectors per track, with the number of cylinders and heads
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varying widely from disk to disk. Thus you can figure the
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@ -35,9 +35,9 @@
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<warning>
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<para>This procedure will make the 'Server' both insecure and dangerous,
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it is best to just keep the 'Server' on its own hub and not in any way
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accessible by any machines other than the 'Clients'.</para>
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<para>This procedure will make the <quote>Server</quote> both insecure and dangerous,
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it is best to just keep the <quote>Server</quote> on its own hub and not in any way
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accessible by any machines other than the <quote>Clients</quote>.</para>
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</warning>
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<para>Terminology:</para>
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@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ RELNOTES.TXT compat1x doc packages</screen>
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<filename>PLIST</filename> which contains all the files that you wish to
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install and be incorporated into your package.</para>
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<para>You will also want files called '<filename>pre</filename>' and
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'<filename>post</filename>' in the directory, these are shell scripts
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<para>You will also want files called <filename>pre</filename> and
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<filename>post</filename> in the directory, these are shell scripts
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that you want to execute before and after your package is
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installed.</para>
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@ -277,4 +277,3 @@ RELNOTES.TXT compat1x doc packages</screen>
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it should be run and do the final configuration for you.</para>
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</sect1>
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</article>
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|
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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
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place the speed of the interface is higher, 10 or 15
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Mbits/second instead of the 5 Mbits/second of ST412 interfaced
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drives. Secondly some higher level commands are added, making
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the ESDI interface somewhat 'smarter' to the operating system
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the ESDI interface somewhat <quote>smarter</quote> to the operating system
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driver writers. It is by no means as smart as SCSI by the way.
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ESDI is standardized by ANSI.</para>
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|
@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
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each track for actual data storage, and sector N itself is the
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spare sector. N is the total number of sectors physically
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available on the track. The idea behind this is that the
|
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operating system sees a 'perfect' disk without bad sectors. In
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operating system sees a <quote>perfect</quote> disk without bad sectors. In
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the case of FreeBSD this concept is not usable.</para>
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<para>The problem is that the translation from
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|
@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
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requested that is in the <command>bad144</command> list, a
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replacement block (also from the end of the FreeBSD slice) is
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used. In this way, the <command>bad144</command> replacement
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scheme presents 'perfect' media to the FreeBSD filesystems.</para>
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scheme presents <quote>perfect</quote> media to the FreeBSD filesystems.</para>
|
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|
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<para>There are a number of potential pitfalls associated with the
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use of <command>bad144</command>. First of all, the slice cannot
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|
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ disk wd3 at wdc1 drive 1</programlisting>
|
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instance you do not specify a head/cylinder/sector to address a
|
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particular block, but simply the number of the block you want.
|
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Elaborate caching schemes, automatic bad block replacement etc are all
|
||||
made possible by this 'intelligent device' approach.</para>
|
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made possible by this <quote>intelligent device</quote> approach.</para>
|
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|
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<para>On a SCSI bus, each possible pair of devices can communicate.
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Whether their function allows this is another matter, but the standard
|
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|
@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ disk wd3 at wdc1 drive 1</programlisting>
|
|||
|
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<para>Fast means that the timing on the bus is somewhat different, so
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that on a narrow (8 bit) bus 10 Mbytes/sec are possible instead of 5
|
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Mbytes/sec for 'slow' SCSI. As discussed before, bus speeds of 20
|
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Mbytes/sec for <quote>slow</quote> SCSI. As discussed before, bus speeds of 20
|
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and 40 million transfers/second are also emerging (Fast-20 == Ultra
|
||||
SCSI and Fast-40 == Ultra2 SCSI).</para>
|
||||
|
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|
@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ disk wd3 at wdc1 drive 1</programlisting>
|
|||
<para>A single-ended SCSI bus uses signals that are either 5 Volts
|
||||
or 0 Volts (indeed, TTL levels) and are relative to a COMMON
|
||||
ground reference. A singled ended 8 bit SCSI bus has
|
||||
approximately 25 ground lines, who are all tied to a single `rail'
|
||||
approximately 25 ground lines, who are all tied to a single <quote>rail</quote>
|
||||
on all devices. A standard single ended bus has a maximum length
|
||||
of 6 meters. If the same bus is used with fast-SCSI devices, the
|
||||
maximum length allowed drops to 3 meters. Fast-SCSI means that
|
||||
|
@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ disk wd3 at wdc1 drive 1</programlisting>
|
|||
quickly find out if your SCSI bus is electrically sound.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>If some devices on your bus use 'fast' to communicate your
|
||||
<para>If some devices on your bus use <quote>fast</quote> to communicate your
|
||||
bus must adhere to the length restrictions for fast
|
||||
buses!</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ disk wd3 at wdc1 drive 1</programlisting>
|
|||
Apple uses a 25pin D-type connecter (like the one on serial ports
|
||||
and parallel printers). Considering that the official SCSI bus
|
||||
needs 50 pins you can imagine the use of this connector needs some
|
||||
'creative cabling'. The reduction of the number of ground wires
|
||||
<quote>creative cabling</quote>. The reduction of the number of ground wires
|
||||
they used is a bad idea, you better stick to 50 pins cabling in
|
||||
accordance with the SCSI standard. For Fast-20 and 40 do not even
|
||||
think about buses like this.</para>
|
||||
|
@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ disk wd3 at wdc1 drive 1</programlisting>
|
|||
certainly will. Clever external terminators sometimes have a LED
|
||||
indication that shows whether terminator power is present.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In newer designs auto-restoring fuses that 'reset' themselves
|
||||
<para>In newer designs auto-restoring fuses that <quote>reset</quote> themselves
|
||||
after some time are sometimes used.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ device cd0 at scbus? [the first ever CDROM found, no wiring]<
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|||
<para>A kernel built to the config file below will attach the first
|
||||
SCSI disk it finds to sd0, the second disk to sd1 etc. If you ever
|
||||
removed or added a disk, all other devices of the same type (disk
|
||||
in this case) would 'move around'. This implies you have to
|
||||
in this case) would <quote>move around</quote>. This implies you have to
|
||||
change <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> each time.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Although the old style still works, you are
|
||||
|
@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ device cd0 #Only need one of these, the code dynamically grows</pro
|
|||
specific target ID. This process is called device probing by the
|
||||
way.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To work around the 'slow response' problem, FreeBSD allows a
|
||||
<para>To work around the <quote>slow response</quote> problem, FreeBSD allows a
|
||||
tunable delay time before the SCSI devices are probed following a
|
||||
SCSI bus reset. You can set this delay time in your kernel
|
||||
configuration file using a line like:</para>
|
||||
|
@ -1594,7 +1594,7 @@ Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue </screen>
|
|||
|
||||
<para>Make sure you have adequate air flow around the drive,
|
||||
especially if you are going to use a fast-spinning drive. You
|
||||
generally need at least 1/2" (1.25cm) of spacing above and below a
|
||||
generally need at least 1/2” (1.25cm) of spacing above and below a
|
||||
drive. Understand how the air flows through your PC case. Most
|
||||
cases have the power supply suck the air out of the back. See
|
||||
where the air flows in, and put the drive where it will have the
|
||||
|
@ -1611,12 +1611,12 @@ Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue </screen>
|
|||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Form factor</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Most SCSI drives sold today are of 3.5" form factor. They
|
||||
come in two different heights; 1.6" (<quote>half-height</quote>) or
|
||||
1" (<quote>low-profile</quote>). The half-height drive is the same
|
||||
<para>Most SCSI drives sold today are of 3.5” form factor. They
|
||||
come in two different heights; 1.6” (<quote>half-height</quote>) or
|
||||
1” (<quote>low-profile</quote>). The half-height drive is the same
|
||||
height as a CDROM drive. However, do not forget the spacing rule
|
||||
mentioned in the previous section. If you have three standard
|
||||
3.5" drive bays, you will not be able to put three half-height
|
||||
3.5” drive bays, you will not be able to put three half-height
|
||||
drives in there (without frying them, that is).</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
|
|||
<year>2001</year>
|
||||
<holder>Robert A. Van Valzah</holder>
|
||||
</copyright>
|
||||
<pubdate>$Date: 2001-10-31 23:12:55 $ GMT</pubdate>
|
||||
<releaseinfo>$Id: article.sgml,v 1.4 2001-10-31 23:12:55 chern Exp $</releaseinfo>
|
||||
<pubdate>$Date: 2002-02-14 23:57:13 $ GMT</pubdate>
|
||||
<releaseinfo>$Id: article.sgml,v 1.5 2002-02-14 23:57:13 keramida Exp $</releaseinfo>
|
||||
</articleinfo>
|
||||
|
||||
<abstract>
|
||||
|
@ -290,14 +290,14 @@
|
|||
<foreignphrase>In Vino Veritas</foreignphrase>
|
||||
(<foreignphrase>Vino</foreignphrase> is the accusative form of
|
||||
<foreignphrase>Vinum</foreignphrase>).
|
||||
Literally translated, that is "Truth lies in wine" hinting that
|
||||
Literally translated, that is <quote>Truth lies in wine</quote> hinting that
|
||||
drunkards have a hard time lying.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>I have been using it in production on six different servers for
|
||||
over two years with no data loss.
|
||||
Like the rest of FreeBSD, <application>Vinum</application>
|
||||
provides "rock-stable performance."
|
||||
provides <quote>rock-stable performance.</quote>
|
||||
(On a personal note, I have seen <application>Vinum</application>
|
||||
panic when I misconfigured something, but I have
|
||||
never had any trouble in normal operation.)
|
||||
|
@ -322,7 +322,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<para><application>Vinum</application>,
|
||||
coupled with prudent partition management, lets you
|
||||
keep "warm-spare" spindles on-line so that failures
|
||||
keep <quote>warm-spare</quote> spindles on-line so that failures
|
||||
are transparent to users. Failed spindles can be replaced
|
||||
during regular maintenance periods or whenever it is convenient.
|
||||
When all spindles are working, the server benefits from increased
|
||||
|
@ -368,7 +368,7 @@
|
|||
<application>Vinum</application>, installing FreeBSD
|
||||
without it, and then beginning to use it.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>I have come to call this whole process "bootstrapping Vinum."
|
||||
<para>I have come to call this whole process <quote>bootstrapping Vinum.</quote>
|
||||
That is, the process of getting <application>Vinum</application>
|
||||
initially installed
|
||||
and operating to the point where you have met your resilience
|
||||
|
@ -415,8 +415,8 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>Breaking up your disk space into smaller and smaller partitions
|
||||
has the benefit of allowing you to "tune" for the most common
|
||||
type of access and tends to keep disk hogs "within their pens."
|
||||
has the benefit of allowing you to <quote>tune</quote> for the most common
|
||||
type of access and tends to keep disk hogs <quote>within their pens.</quote>
|
||||
However it also causes some loss in total available disk space
|
||||
due to fragmentation.</para></note>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
@ -505,7 +505,7 @@
|
|||
<para>Keep your kernel fairly generic (or at least keep
|
||||
<filename>/kernel.GENERIC</filename> around).
|
||||
This will improve the chances that you can come back up on
|
||||
"foreign" hardware more quickly.</para>
|
||||
<quote>foreign</quote> hardware more quickly.</para>
|
||||
</tip>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The pros and cons discussed above suggest
|
||||
|
@ -708,7 +708,7 @@
|
|||
will still call
|
||||
it by whatever name it had when it was attached to
|
||||
<devicename>/dev/ad2</devicename>
|
||||
(i.e., when it was "created" or first made known to
|
||||
(i.e., when it was <quote>created</quote> or first made known to
|
||||
<application>Vinum</application>).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Since connections can change, it is best to give
|
||||
|
@ -2087,7 +2087,7 @@ ok <userinput>boot -s</userinput</screen>
|
|||
use strict;
|
||||
use FileHandle;
|
||||
|
||||
my $config_tag1 = '$Id: article.sgml,v 1.4 2001-10-31 23:12:55 chern Exp $';
|
||||
my $config_tag1 = '$Id: article.sgml,v 1.5 2002-02-14 23:57:13 keramida Exp $';
|
||||
# Copyright (C) 2001 Robert A. Van Valzah
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Bootstrap Vinum
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
|
|||
process will take a copy-on-write fault and duplicate the page in C2.
|
||||
The original page in B is now completely hidden since both C1 and C2
|
||||
have a copy and B could theoretically be destroyed if it does not
|
||||
represent a 'real' file). However, this sort of optimization is not
|
||||
represent a <quote>real</quote> file). However, this sort of optimization is not
|
||||
trivial to make because it is so fine-grained. FreeBSD does not make
|
||||
this optimization. Now, suppose (as is often the case) that the child
|
||||
process does an <function>exec()</function>. Its current address space
|
||||
|
@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
|
|||
are mapped, or processes with large runsizes (RSS) fork. Also, in order
|
||||
to keep track of swap space, a <quote>list of holes</quote> is kept in
|
||||
kernel memory, and this tends to get severely fragmented as well. Since
|
||||
the 'list of holes' is a linear list, the swap allocation and freeing
|
||||
the <quote>list of holes</quote> is a linear list, the swap allocation and freeing
|
||||
performance is a non-optimal O(n)-per-page. It also requires kernel
|
||||
memory allocations to take place during the swap freeing process, and
|
||||
that creates low memory deadlock problems. The problem is further
|
||||
|
@ -343,7 +343,7 @@
|
|||
times in order to avoid potential deadlocks. Finally, to reduce
|
||||
fragmentation the radix tree is capable of allocating large contiguous
|
||||
chunks at once, skipping over smaller fragmented chunks. I did not take
|
||||
the final step of having an 'allocating hint pointer' that would trundle
|
||||
the final step of having an <quote>allocating hint pointer</quote> that would trundle
|
||||
through a portion of swap as allocations were made in order to further
|
||||
guarantee contiguous allocations or at least locality of reference, but
|
||||
I ensured that such an addition could be made.</para>
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue