diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/programming-tools/article.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/programming-tools/article.sgml index 3c23b4aaf4..7e9ddbe7ad 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/programming-tools/article.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/programming-tools/article.sgml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ - + - - - - + +
+ + A User's Guide to FreeBSD Programming Tools @@ -31,10 +31,9 @@ many other versions of Unix. It does not attempt to describ coding in any detail. Most of the document assumes little or no previous programming knowledge, although it is hoped that most programmers will find something of value in it - - + - + Introduction<anchor id=foo> FreeBSD offers an excellent development environment. Compilers @@ -58,9 +57,9 @@ the documentation. programming, although it does assume a basic competence with using Unix and a willingness to learn! - + - + Introduction to Programming A program is a set of instructions that tell the computer to do @@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ purpose. - + Interpreters With an interpreter, the language comes as an environment, where you @@ -107,9 +106,9 @@ original Unix philosophy was to provide lots of small utility programs that could be linked together in shell scripts to perform useful tasks. - + - + Interpreters available with FreeBSD Here is a list of interpreters that are available as - + - + Compilers Compilers are rather different. First of all, you write your @@ -248,10 +247,10 @@ for short). FreeBSD does not have an IDE as such; however it is possible to use Emacs for this purpose. This is discussed in . + - - + Compiling with <command>cc</command> This section deals only with the GNU compiler for C and C++, @@ -527,7 +526,7 @@ impunity! - + Common <command>cc</command> Queries and Problems Q. I am trying to write a program which uses the @@ -740,14 +739,14 @@ loop, for instance. If your program happens to trap SIGABRT, there are several other signals which have a similar effect. + - - -Make - +Make + + What is <command>make</command>? When you're working on a simple program with only one or two source @@ -800,9 +799,9 @@ don't use the MAKEFILE form as block capitals are often used for documentation files like README. - + - + Example of using <command>make</command> Here's a very simple make file: @@ -878,9 +877,9 @@ file include a header file. The touch command is very useful here—it changes the date on a file without you having to edit it. - + - + FreeBSD Makefiles Makefiles can be rather complicated to write. Fortunately, @@ -951,9 +950,9 @@ until you've had a bit of practice with makefiles, as they are very complicated (and if you do look at them, make sure you have a flask of strong coffee handy!) - + - + More advanced uses of <command>make</command> Make is a very powerful tool, and can do much @@ -987,13 +986,13 @@ to the file. Once you have done this, you can type Emacs, do C-h i). + - - + Debugging - + The Debugger The debugger that comes with FreeBSD is called @@ -1026,9 +1025,9 @@ in the ports collection. gdb and does not cover specialised topics such as debugging the kernel. - + - + Running a program in the debugger You'll need to have compiled the program with the @@ -1138,9 +1137,9 @@ going on. (The stack is a storage area where the program stores information about the arguments passed to functions and where to go when it returns from a function call). - + - + Examining a core file A core file is basically a file which contains the complete @@ -1191,9 +1190,9 @@ stack: a program crashes; in this case, the bazz() function was called from main(). - + - + Attaching to a running program One of the neatest features about gdb is @@ -1227,13 +1226,13 @@ Now all you have to do is attach to the child, set PauseMode to 0, and wait for the sleep() call to return! + - - + Using Emacs as a Development Environment - + Emacs Unfortunately, Unix systems don't come with the kind of @@ -1354,9 +1353,9 @@ to leave Emacs—that leaves Emacs hanging around in the background, and is only really useful if you're on a system which doesn't have virtual terminals). - + - + Configuring Emacs Emacs does many wonderful things; some of them are built in, @@ -1379,9 +1378,9 @@ started. Just copy it into your home directory and restart Emacs if it's already running; it will read the commands from the file and (hopefully) give you a useful basic setup. - + - + A sample <filename>.emacs</filename> file Unfortunately, there's far too much here to explain it in detail; @@ -1720,9 +1719,9 @@ in font-lock-auto-mode-list" - + - + Extending the Range of Languages Emacs Understands Now, this is all very well if you only want to program in the @@ -1782,10 +1781,10 @@ you can add a whizbang-mode hook (see my-scheme-mode-hook for a simple example that adds auto-indent). + - - + Further Reading @@ -1831,5 +1830,5 @@ ISBN 0-13-949876-1 - - + +
diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/programming-tools/article.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/programming-tools/article.sgml index 3c23b4aaf4..7e9ddbe7ad 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/programming-tools/article.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/programming-tools/article.sgml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ - + - - - - + +
+ + A User's Guide to FreeBSD Programming Tools @@ -31,10 +31,9 @@ many other versions of Unix. It does not attempt to describ coding in any detail. Most of the document assumes little or no previous programming knowledge, although it is hoped that most programmers will find something of value in it - - + - + Introduction<anchor id=foo> FreeBSD offers an excellent development environment. Compilers @@ -58,9 +57,9 @@ the documentation. programming, although it does assume a basic competence with using Unix and a willingness to learn! - + - + Introduction to Programming A program is a set of instructions that tell the computer to do @@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ purpose. - + Interpreters With an interpreter, the language comes as an environment, where you @@ -107,9 +106,9 @@ original Unix philosophy was to provide lots of small utility programs that could be linked together in shell scripts to perform useful tasks. - + - + Interpreters available with FreeBSD Here is a list of interpreters that are available as - + - + Compilers Compilers are rather different. First of all, you write your @@ -248,10 +247,10 @@ for short). FreeBSD does not have an IDE as such; however it is possible to use Emacs for this purpose. This is discussed in . + - - + Compiling with <command>cc</command> This section deals only with the GNU compiler for C and C++, @@ -527,7 +526,7 @@ impunity! - + Common <command>cc</command> Queries and Problems Q. I am trying to write a program which uses the @@ -740,14 +739,14 @@ loop, for instance. If your program happens to trap SIGABRT, there are several other signals which have a similar effect. + - - -Make - +Make + + What is <command>make</command>? When you're working on a simple program with only one or two source @@ -800,9 +799,9 @@ don't use the MAKEFILE form as block capitals are often used for documentation files like README. - + - + Example of using <command>make</command> Here's a very simple make file: @@ -878,9 +877,9 @@ file include a header file. The touch command is very useful here—it changes the date on a file without you having to edit it. - + - + FreeBSD Makefiles Makefiles can be rather complicated to write. Fortunately, @@ -951,9 +950,9 @@ until you've had a bit of practice with makefiles, as they are very complicated (and if you do look at them, make sure you have a flask of strong coffee handy!) - + - + More advanced uses of <command>make</command> Make is a very powerful tool, and can do much @@ -987,13 +986,13 @@ to the file. Once you have done this, you can type Emacs, do C-h i). + - - + Debugging - + The Debugger The debugger that comes with FreeBSD is called @@ -1026,9 +1025,9 @@ in the ports collection. gdb and does not cover specialised topics such as debugging the kernel. - + - + Running a program in the debugger You'll need to have compiled the program with the @@ -1138,9 +1137,9 @@ going on. (The stack is a storage area where the program stores information about the arguments passed to functions and where to go when it returns from a function call). - + - + Examining a core file A core file is basically a file which contains the complete @@ -1191,9 +1190,9 @@ stack: a program crashes; in this case, the bazz() function was called from main(). - + - + Attaching to a running program One of the neatest features about gdb is @@ -1227,13 +1226,13 @@ Now all you have to do is attach to the child, set PauseMode to 0, and wait for the sleep() call to return! + - - + Using Emacs as a Development Environment - + Emacs Unfortunately, Unix systems don't come with the kind of @@ -1354,9 +1353,9 @@ to leave Emacs—that leaves Emacs hanging around in the background, and is only really useful if you're on a system which doesn't have virtual terminals). - + - + Configuring Emacs Emacs does many wonderful things; some of them are built in, @@ -1379,9 +1378,9 @@ started. Just copy it into your home directory and restart Emacs if it's already running; it will read the commands from the file and (hopefully) give you a useful basic setup. - + - + A sample <filename>.emacs</filename> file Unfortunately, there's far too much here to explain it in detail; @@ -1720,9 +1719,9 @@ in font-lock-auto-mode-list" - + - + Extending the Range of Languages Emacs Understands Now, this is all very well if you only want to program in the @@ -1782,10 +1781,10 @@ you can add a whizbang-mode hook (see my-scheme-mode-hook for a simple example that adds auto-indent). + - - + Further Reading @@ -1831,5 +1830,5 @@ ISBN 0-13-949876-1 - - + +