- Whitespace cleanup. Translators can ignore this change.
This commit is contained in:
Gabor Kovesdan
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Notes:
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2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=31964
1 changed files with 167 additions and 140 deletions
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@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
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<title>Synopsis</title>
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<title>Synopsis</title>
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<indexterm><primary>serial communications</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>serial communications</primary></indexterm>
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<para>&unix; has always had support for serial communications. In fact,
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<para>&unix; has always had support for serial communications. In fact,
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the very first &unix; machines relied on serial lines for user input
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the very first &unix; machines relied on serial lines for user input
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and output. Things have changed a lot from the days when the average
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and output. Things have changed a lot from the days when the average
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@ -19,25 +20,41 @@
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which FreeBSD uses serial communications.</para>
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which FreeBSD uses serial communications.</para>
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<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
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<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>How to connect terminals to your FreeBSD
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<listitem>
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system.</para></listitem>
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<para>How to connect terminals to your FreeBSD
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<listitem><para>How to use a modem to dial out to remote
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system.</para>
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hosts.</para></listitem>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>How to allow remote users to login to your
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<listitem>
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system with a modem.</para></listitem>
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<para>How to use a modem to dial out to remote
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<listitem><para>How to boot your system from a serial
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hosts.</para>
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console.</para></listitem>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to allow remote users to login to your
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system with a modem.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to boot your system from a serial console.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para>
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<para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Know how to configure and install a new kernel (<xref
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<listitem>
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linkend="kernelconfig">).</para></listitem>
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<para>Know how to configure and install a new kernel (<xref
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<listitem><para>Understand &unix; permissions and processes (<xref linkend="basics">).</para></listitem>
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linkend="kernelconfig">).</para>
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<listitem><para>Have access to the technical manual for the
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</listitem>
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serial hardware (modem or multi-port card) that you would like
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<listitem>
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to use with FreeBSD.</para></listitem>
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<para>Understand &unix; permissions and processes (<xref
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linkend="basics">).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Have access to the technical manual for the serial hardware
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(modem or multi-port card) that you would like to use with
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FreeBSD.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect1>
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</sect1>
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@ -72,7 +89,7 @@
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<term>DCE</term>
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<term>DCE</term>
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<indexterm><primary>DCE</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>DCE</primary></indexterm>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Data Communications Equipment — your modem</para>
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<para>Data Communications Equipment — your modem</para>
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</listitem>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</varlistentry>
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@ -97,8 +114,8 @@
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<title>Cables and Ports</title>
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<title>Cables and Ports</title>
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<para>To connect a modem or terminal to your FreeBSD system, you
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<para>To connect a modem or terminal to your FreeBSD system, you
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will need a serial port on your computer and the proper cable to connect
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will need a serial port on your computer and the proper cable to
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to your serial device. If you are already familiar with your
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connect to your serial device. If you are already familiar with your
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hardware and the cable it requires, you can safely skip this
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hardware and the cable it requires, you can safely skip this
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section.</para>
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section.</para>
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@ -107,8 +124,8 @@
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<para>There are several different kinds of serial cables. The
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<para>There are several different kinds of serial cables. The
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two most common types for our purposes are null-modem cables
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two most common types for our purposes are null-modem cables
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and standard (<quote>straight</quote>) RS-232 cables. The documentation
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and standard (<quote>straight</quote>) RS-232 cables. The
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for your hardware should describe the type of cable
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documentation for your hardware should describe the type of cable
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required.</para>
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required.</para>
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<sect4 id="term-cables-null">
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<sect4 id="term-cables-null">
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@ -117,19 +134,22 @@
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<indexterm>
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<indexterm>
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<primary>null-modem cable</primary>
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<primary>null-modem cable</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</indexterm>
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<para>A null-modem cable passes some signals, such as <quote>Signal
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Ground</quote>, straight through, but switches other signals. For
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<para>A null-modem cable passes some signals, such as
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example, the <quote>Transmitted Data</quote> pin on one end goes to the
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<quote>Signal Ground</quote>, straight through, but switches other
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<quote>Received Data</quote> pin on the other end.</para>
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signals. For example, the <quote>Transmitted Data</quote> pin on
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one end goes to the <quote>Received Data</quote> pin on the other
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end.</para>
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<para>You can also construct your own null-modem cable for use with
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<para>You can also construct your own null-modem cable for use with
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terminals (e.g., for quality purposes). This table shows the RS-232C
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terminals (e.g., for quality purposes). This table shows the
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<link linkend="serialcomms-signal-names">signals</link> and the pin
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RS-232C <link linkend="serialcomms-signal-names">signals</link>
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numbers on a DB-25 connector. Note that the standard also calls for a
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and the pin numbers on a DB-25 connector. Note that the standard
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straight-through pin 1 to pin 1 <emphasis>Protective Ground</emphasis>
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also calls for a straight-through pin 1 to pin 1
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line, but it is often omitted. Some terminals work OK using only
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<emphasis>Protective Ground</emphasis> line, but it is often
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pins 2, 3 and 7, while others require different configurations than
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omitted. Some terminals work OK using only pins 2, 3 and 7,
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the examples shown below.</para>
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while others require different configurations than the examples
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shown below.</para>
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<table frame="none" pgwide="1">
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<table frame="none" pgwide="1">
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<title>DB-25 to DB-25 Null-Modem Cable</title>
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<title>DB-25 to DB-25 Null-Modem Cable</title>
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@ -421,11 +441,11 @@
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<indexterm><primary>RS-232C cables</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>RS-232C cables</primary></indexterm>
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<para>A standard serial cable passes all of the RS-232C signals
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<para>A standard serial cable passes all of the RS-232C signals
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straight through. That is, the <quote>Transmitted Data</quote> pin on one
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straight through. That is, the <quote>Transmitted Data</quote>
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end of the cable goes to the <quote>Transmitted Data</quote> pin on the
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pin on one end of the cable goes to the
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other end. This is the type of cable to use to connect a modem to your
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<quote>Transmitted Data</quote> pin on the other end. This is
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FreeBSD system, and is also appropriate for some
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the type of cable to use to connect a modem to your FreeBSD
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terminals.</para>
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system, and is also appropriate for some terminals.</para>
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</sect4>
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</sect4>
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</sect3>
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</sect3>
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@ -445,8 +465,8 @@
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your terminal and on the FreeBSD system.</para>
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your terminal and on the FreeBSD system.</para>
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<para>Most terminals will have DB-25 ports. Personal computers,
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<para>Most terminals will have DB-25 ports. Personal computers,
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including PCs running FreeBSD, will have DB-25 or DB-9 ports. If you
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including PCs running FreeBSD, will have DB-25 or DB-9 ports. If
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have a multiport serial card for your PC, you may have RJ-12 or
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you have a multiport serial card for your PC, you may have RJ-12 or
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RJ-45 ports.</para>
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RJ-45 ports.</para>
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<para>See the documentation that accompanied the hardware for
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<para>See the documentation that accompanied the hardware for
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@ -770,9 +790,9 @@ sio3: type 16550A</screen>
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<note>
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<note>
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<para>Note that device numbers in &os; start from zero and not
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<para>Note that device numbers in &os; start from zero and not
|
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one (like they do, for instance in &ms-dos;-derived systems).
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one (like they do, for instance in &ms-dos;-derived systems).
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This means that what &ms-dos;-based systems
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This means that what &ms-dos;-based systems call
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call <devicename>COM1</devicename> is
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<devicename>COM1</devicename> is usually
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usually <filename>/dev/cuad0</filename> in &os;.</para>
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<filename>/dev/cuad0</filename> in &os;.</para>
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</note>
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</note>
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<note>
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<note>
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@ -864,11 +884,11 @@ sio3: type 16550A</screen>
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<para>The <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> file lists all of the ports
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<para>The <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> file lists all of the ports
|
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on your FreeBSD system where you want to allow logins. For example,
|
on your FreeBSD system where you want to allow logins. For example,
|
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the first virtual console <devicename>ttyv0</devicename> has an entry in
|
the first virtual console <devicename>ttyv0</devicename> has an entry
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this file. You can log in on the console using this entry. This
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in this file. You can log in on the console using this entry. This
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file also contains entries for the other virtual consoles, serial ports,
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file also contains entries for the other virtual consoles, serial
|
||||||
and pseudo-ttys. For a hardwired terminal, just list the serial
|
ports, and pseudo-ttys. For a hardwired terminal, just list the
|
||||||
port's <filename>/dev</filename> entry without the
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serial port's <filename>/dev</filename> entry without the
|
||||||
<filename>/dev</filename> part (for example,
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<filename>/dev</filename> part (for example,
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<filename>/dev/ttyv0</filename> would be listed as
|
<filename>/dev/ttyv0</filename> would be listed as
|
||||||
<devicename>ttyv0</devicename>).</para>
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<devicename>ttyv0</devicename>).</para>
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@ -907,8 +927,8 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure
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the terminal special file as it is found in
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the terminal special file as it is found in
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<filename>/dev</filename>.</para>
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<filename>/dev</filename>.</para>
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</callout>
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</callout>
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<callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col2">
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<callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col2">
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<para>The second field is the command to execute for
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<para>The second field is the command to execute for
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this line, which is usually &man.getty.8;.
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this line, which is usually &man.getty.8;.
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<command>getty</command> initializes and opens the
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<command>getty</command> initializes and opens the
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@ -940,13 +960,11 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure
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match.</para>
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match.</para>
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<para>For our example, the Wyse-50 uses no parity and
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<para>For our example, the Wyse-50 uses no parity and
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connects at 38400 bps. The 286 PC uses no parity and
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connects at 38400 bps. The 286 PC uses no parity
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connects at 19200 bps.</para>
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and connects at 19200 bps.</para>
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</callout>
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</callout>
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<callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col3">
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<callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col3">
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|
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<para>The third field is the type of terminal usually
|
<para>The third field is the type of terminal usually
|
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connected to that tty line. For dial-up ports,
|
connected to that tty line. For dial-up ports,
|
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<literal>unknown</literal> or
|
<literal>unknown</literal> or
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|
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@ -961,7 +979,6 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure
|
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terminal type while the 286 PC running
|
terminal type while the 286 PC running
|
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<application>Procomm</application> will be set to
|
<application>Procomm</application> will be set to
|
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emulate at VT-100. </para>
|
emulate at VT-100. </para>
|
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|
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</callout>
|
</callout>
|
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|
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<callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col4">
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<callout arearefs="co-ttys-line1col4">
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@ -1097,7 +1114,8 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure
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</sect3>
|
</sect3>
|
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|
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<sect3>
|
<sect3>
|
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<title>Characters Appear Doubled; the Password Appears When Typed</title>
|
<title>Characters Appear Doubled; the Password Appears When
|
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|
Typed</title>
|
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|
|
||||||
<para>Switch the terminal (or the terminal emulation software)
|
<para>Switch the terminal (or the terminal emulation software)
|
||||||
from <quote>half duplex</quote> or <quote>local echo</quote> to
|
from <quote>half duplex</quote> or <quote>local echo</quote> to
|
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|
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@ -1214,8 +1232,8 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure
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|
|
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<para>FreeBSD needs the <acronym>RTS</acronym> and
|
<para>FreeBSD needs the <acronym>RTS</acronym> and
|
||||||
<acronym>CTS</acronym> signals for flow control at speeds above
|
<acronym>CTS</acronym> signals for flow control at speeds above
|
||||||
2400 bps, the <acronym>CD</acronym> signal to detect when a call has
|
2400 bps, the <acronym>CD</acronym> signal to detect when a
|
||||||
been answered or the line has been hung up, and the
|
call has been answered or the line has been hung up, and the
|
||||||
<acronym>DTR</acronym> signal to reset the modem after a session is
|
<acronym>DTR</acronym> signal to reset the modem after a session is
|
||||||
complete. Some cables are wired without all of the needed signals,
|
complete. Some cables are wired without all of the needed signals,
|
||||||
so if you have problems, such as a login session not going away when
|
so if you have problems, such as a login session not going away when
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1297,23 +1315,23 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure
|
||||||
Lastly, you can place port initialization commands in the
|
Lastly, you can place port initialization commands in the
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/rc.d/serial</filename> script.</para>
|
<filename>/etc/rc.d/serial</filename> script.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>There are two schools of thought regarding dial-up modems on &unix;.
|
<para>There are two schools of thought regarding dial-up modems on
|
||||||
One group likes to configure their modems and systems so that no matter
|
&unix;. One group likes to configure their modems and systems so that
|
||||||
at what speed a remote user dials in, the local computer-to-modem
|
no matter at what speed a remote user dials in, the local
|
||||||
RS-232 interface runs at a locked speed. The benefit of this
|
computer-to-modem RS-232 interface runs at a locked speed. The benefit
|
||||||
configuration is that the remote user always sees a system login
|
of this configuration is that the remote user always sees a system
|
||||||
prompt immediately. The downside is that the system does not know
|
login prompt immediately. The downside is that the system does not
|
||||||
what a user's true data rate is, so full-screen programs like Emacs
|
know what a user's true data rate is, so full-screen programs like
|
||||||
will not adjust their screen-painting methods to make their response
|
Emacs will not adjust their screen-painting
|
||||||
better for slower connections.</para>
|
methods to make their response better for slower connections.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The other school configures their modems' RS-232 interface to vary
|
<para>The other school configures their modems' RS-232 interface to vary
|
||||||
its speed based on the remote user's connection speed. For example,
|
its speed based on the remote user's connection speed. For example,
|
||||||
V.32bis (14.4 Kbps) connections to the modem might make the modem run
|
V.32bis (14.4 Kbps) connections to the modem might make the modem
|
||||||
its RS-232 interface at 19.2 Kbps, while 2400 bps connections make the
|
run its RS-232 interface at 19.2 Kbps, while 2400 bps
|
||||||
modem's RS-232 interface run at 2400 bps. Because
|
connections make the modem's RS-232 interface run at 2400 bps.
|
||||||
<command>getty</command> does not understand any particular modem's
|
Because <command>getty</command> does not understand any particular
|
||||||
connection speed reporting, <command>getty</command> gives a
|
modem's connection speed reporting, <command>getty</command> gives a
|
||||||
<prompt>login:</prompt> message at an initial speed and watches the
|
<prompt>login:</prompt> message at an initial speed and watches the
|
||||||
characters that come back in response. If the user sees junk, it is
|
characters that come back in response. If the user sees junk, it is
|
||||||
assumed that they know they should press the
|
assumed that they know they should press the
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1391,19 +1409,21 @@ uq|V19200|High Speed Modem at 19200,8-bit:\
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>This will result in 8-bit, no parity connections.</para>
|
<para>This will result in 8-bit, no parity connections.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The example above starts the communications rate at 19.2 Kbps
|
<para>The example above starts the communications rate at
|
||||||
(for a V.32bis connection), then cycles through 9600 bps (for
|
19.2 Kbps (for a V.32bis connection), then cycles through
|
||||||
V.32), 2400 bps, 1200 bps, 300 bps, and back to 19.2 Kbps.
|
9600 bps (for V.32), 2400 bps, 1200 bps,
|
||||||
Communications rate cycling is implemented with the
|
300 bps, and back to 19.2 Kbps. Communications rate
|
||||||
<literal>nx=</literal> (<quote>next table</quote>) capability.
|
cycling is implemented with the <literal>nx=</literal>
|
||||||
Each of the lines uses a <literal>tc=</literal> (<quote>table
|
(<quote>next table</quote>) capability. Each of the lines uses
|
||||||
continuation</quote>) entry to pick up the rest of the
|
a <literal>tc=</literal> (<quote>table continuation</quote>)
|
||||||
<quote>standard</quote> settings for a particular data rate.</para>
|
entry to pick up the rest of the <quote>standard</quote>
|
||||||
|
settings for a particular data rate.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>If you have a 28.8 Kbps modem and/or you want to take
|
<para>If you have a 28.8 Kbps modem and/or you want to take
|
||||||
advantage of compression on a 14.4 Kbps modem, you need to use a
|
advantage of compression on a 14.4 Kbps modem, you need to
|
||||||
higher communications rate than 19.2 Kbps. Here is an example of
|
use a higher communications rate than 19.2 Kbps. Here is an
|
||||||
a <filename>gettytab</filename> entry starting a 57.6 Kbps:</para>
|
example of a <filename>gettytab</filename> entry starting a
|
||||||
|
57.6 Kbps:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>#
|
<programlisting>#
|
||||||
# Additions for a V.32bis or V.34 Modem
|
# Additions for a V.32bis or V.34 Modem
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1486,8 +1506,8 @@ vq|VH57600|Very High Speed Modem at 57600,8-bit:\
|
||||||
<para>For a locked-speed configuration, your
|
<para>For a locked-speed configuration, your
|
||||||
<filename>ttys</filename> entry needs to have a fixed-speed entry
|
<filename>ttys</filename> entry needs to have a fixed-speed entry
|
||||||
provided to <command>getty</command>. For a modem whose port
|
provided to <command>getty</command>. For a modem whose port
|
||||||
speed is locked at 19.2 Kbps, the <filename>ttys</filename> entry
|
speed is locked at 19.2 Kbps, the <filename>ttys</filename>
|
||||||
might look like this:</para>
|
entry might look like this:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" dialup on</programlisting>
|
<programlisting>ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" dialup on</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1507,8 +1527,8 @@ vq|VH57600|Very High Speed Modem at 57600,8-bit:\
|
||||||
beginning <quote>auto-baud</quote> (sic) entry in
|
beginning <quote>auto-baud</quote> (sic) entry in
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>. For example, if you added the
|
<filename>/etc/gettytab</filename>. For example, if you added the
|
||||||
above suggested entry for a matching-speed modem that starts at
|
above suggested entry for a matching-speed modem that starts at
|
||||||
19.2 Kbps (the <filename>gettytab</filename> entry containing the
|
19.2 Kbps (the <filename>gettytab</filename> entry containing
|
||||||
<literal>V19200</literal> starting point), your
|
the <literal>V19200</literal> starting point), your
|
||||||
<filename>ttys</filename> entry might look like this:</para>
|
<filename>ttys</filename> entry might look like this:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty V19200" dialup on</programlisting>
|
<programlisting>ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty V19200" dialup on</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1546,10 +1566,11 @@ stty -f /dev/cuad1.init crtscts</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>If you have a modem whose parameters may be permanently set in
|
<para>If you have a modem whose parameters may be permanently set in
|
||||||
non-volatile RAM, you will need to use a terminal program (such as
|
non-volatile RAM, you will need to use a terminal program (such as
|
||||||
Telix under &ms-dos; or <command>tip</command> under FreeBSD) to set the
|
Telix under &ms-dos; or
|
||||||
parameters. Connect to the modem using the same communications speed
|
<command>tip</command> under FreeBSD) to set the parameters. Connect
|
||||||
as the initial speed <command>getty</command> will use and configure
|
to the modem using the same communications speed as the initial speed
|
||||||
the modem's non-volatile RAM to match these requirements:</para>
|
<command>getty</command> will use and configure the modem's
|
||||||
|
non-volatile RAM to match these requirements:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<itemizedlist>
|
<itemizedlist>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1596,9 +1617,9 @@ AT&C1&D2&H1&I0&R2&W</programlisting>
|
||||||
settings in the modem, such as whether it will use V.42bis and/or MNP5
|
settings in the modem, such as whether it will use V.42bis and/or MNP5
|
||||||
compression.</para>
|
compression.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400 external modem also has some DIP switches
|
<para>The &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400 external modem also has some
|
||||||
that need to be set; for other modems, perhaps you can use these
|
DIP switches that need to be set; for other modems, perhaps you can
|
||||||
settings as an example:</para>
|
use these settings as an example:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<itemizedlist>
|
<itemizedlist>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1647,9 +1668,9 @@ AT&C1&D2&H1&I0&R2&W</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>For a locked-speed configuration, you will need to configure the
|
<para>For a locked-speed configuration, you will need to configure the
|
||||||
modem to maintain a constant modem-to-computer data rate independent
|
modem to maintain a constant modem-to-computer data rate independent
|
||||||
of the communications rate. On a &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400 external
|
of the communications rate. On a &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400
|
||||||
modem, these commands will lock the modem-to-computer data rate at
|
external modem, these commands will lock the modem-to-computer data
|
||||||
the speed used to issue the commands:</para>
|
rate at the speed used to issue the commands:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>ATZ
|
<programlisting>ATZ
|
||||||
AT&B1&W</programlisting>
|
AT&B1&W</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1660,10 +1681,10 @@ AT&B1&W</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>For a variable-speed configuration, you will need to configure
|
<para>For a variable-speed configuration, you will need to configure
|
||||||
your modem to adjust its serial port data rate to match the incoming
|
your modem to adjust its serial port data rate to match the incoming
|
||||||
call rate. On a &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400 external modem, these commands
|
call rate. On a &usrobotics; &sportster; 14,400 external modem,
|
||||||
will lock the modem's error-corrected data rate to the speed used to
|
these commands will lock the modem's error-corrected data rate to the
|
||||||
issue the commands, but allow the serial port rate to vary for
|
speed used to issue the commands, but allow the serial port rate to
|
||||||
non-error-corrected connections:</para>
|
vary for non-error-corrected connections:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>ATZ
|
<programlisting>ATZ
|
||||||
AT&B2&W</programlisting>
|
AT&B2&W</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1809,8 +1830,8 @@ AT&B2&W</programlisting>
|
||||||
<sect2>
|
<sect2>
|
||||||
<title>My Stock Hayes Modem Is Not Supported, What Can I Do?</title>
|
<title>My Stock Hayes Modem Is Not Supported, What Can I Do?</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Actually, the manual page for <command>tip</command> is out of date.
|
<para>Actually, the manual page for <command>tip</command> is out of
|
||||||
There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in. Just use
|
date. There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in. Just use
|
||||||
<literal>at=hayes</literal> in your <filename>/etc/remote</filename>
|
<literal>at=hayes</literal> in your <filename>/etc/remote</filename>
|
||||||
file.</para>
|
file.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1914,17 +1935,17 @@ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
|
||||||
<literal>cu1200</literal>, but go ahead and use whatever bps rate is
|
<literal>cu1200</literal>, but go ahead and use whatever bps rate is
|
||||||
appropriate with the br capability. <command>tip</command> thinks a
|
appropriate with the br capability. <command>tip</command> thinks a
|
||||||
good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for a
|
good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for a
|
||||||
<literal>tip1200</literal> entry. You do not have to use 1200 bps,
|
<literal>tip1200</literal> entry. You do not have to use
|
||||||
though.</para>
|
1200 bps, though.</para>
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
</sect2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2>
|
<sect2>
|
||||||
<title>I Access a Number of Hosts Through a Terminal Server</title>
|
<title>I Access a Number of Hosts Through a Terminal Server</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Rather than waiting until you are connected and typing
|
<para>Rather than waiting until you are connected and typing
|
||||||
<command>CONNECT <replaceable>host</replaceable></command> each time, use tip's
|
<command>CONNECT <replaceable>host</replaceable></command> each time,
|
||||||
<literal>cm</literal> capability. For example, these entries in
|
use tip's <literal>cm</literal> capability. For example, these entries
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/remote</filename>:</para>
|
in <filename>/etc/remote</filename>:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
|
<programlisting>pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
|
||||||
:cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
|
:cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1934,8 +1955,9 @@ deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
|
||||||
:dv=/dev/cuad2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:</programlisting>
|
:dv=/dev/cuad2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>will let you type <command>tip pain</command> or <command>tip
|
<para>will let you type <command>tip pain</command> or <command>tip
|
||||||
muffin</command> to connect to the hosts <hostid>pain</hostid> or <hostid>muffin</hostid>, and
|
muffin</command> to connect to the hosts <hostid>pain</hostid> or
|
||||||
<command>tip deep13</command> to get to the terminal server.</para>
|
<hostid>muffin</hostid>, and <command>tip deep13</command> to get to
|
||||||
|
the terminal server.</para>
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
</sect2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2>
|
<sect2>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1979,7 +2001,8 @@ big-university 5551114</programlisting>
|
||||||
</keycombo>
|
</keycombo>
|
||||||
Once?</title>
|
Once?</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para><keycombo action="simul"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>P</keycap></keycombo> is the default <quote>force</quote> character, used to tell
|
<para><keycombo action="simul"><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>P</keycap></keycombo>
|
||||||
|
is the default <quote>force</quote> character, used to tell
|
||||||
<command>tip</command> that the next character is literal data. You
|
<command>tip</command> that the next character is literal data. You
|
||||||
can set the force character to any other character with the
|
can set the force character to any other character with the
|
||||||
<command>~s</command> escape, which means <quote>set a
|
<command>~s</command> escape, which means <quote>set a
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2007,8 +2030,8 @@ big-university 5551114</programlisting>
|
||||||
servers.</para>
|
servers.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You can have the force character be whatever you want by
|
<para>You can have the force character be whatever you want by
|
||||||
specifying the following in your <filename>$HOME/.tiprc</filename>
|
specifying the following in your
|
||||||
file:</para>
|
<filename>$HOME/.tiprc</filename> file:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>force=<replaceable>single-char</replaceable></programlisting>
|
<programlisting>force=<replaceable>single-char</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
</sect2>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2116,9 +2139,9 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
|
||||||
attached, and developers who want to debug the kernel or device
|
attached, and developers who want to debug the kernel or device
|
||||||
drivers.</para>
|
drivers.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>As described in <xref linkend="boot">, FreeBSD employs a three stage
|
<para>As described in <xref linkend="boot">, FreeBSD employs a three
|
||||||
bootstrap. The first two stages are in the boot block code which is
|
stage bootstrap. The first two stages are in the boot block code which
|
||||||
stored at the beginning of the FreeBSD slice on the boot disk. The
|
is stored at the beginning of the FreeBSD slice on the boot disk. The
|
||||||
boot block will then load and run the boot loader
|
boot block will then load and run the boot loader
|
||||||
(<filename>/boot/loader</filename>) as the third stage code.</para>
|
(<filename>/boot/loader</filename>) as the third stage code.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2137,8 +2160,8 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
|
||||||
<procedure>
|
<procedure>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Connect the serial cable to <devicename>COM1</devicename> and the controlling
|
<para>Connect the serial cable to <devicename>COM1</devicename> and
|
||||||
terminal.</para>
|
the controlling terminal.</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2151,8 +2174,8 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
|
||||||
<para>Edit <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> and change
|
<para>Edit <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> and change
|
||||||
<literal>off</literal> to <literal>on</literal> and
|
<literal>off</literal> to <literal>on</literal> and
|
||||||
<literal>dialup</literal> to <literal>vt100</literal> for the
|
<literal>dialup</literal> to <literal>vt100</literal> for the
|
||||||
<devicename>ttyd0</devicename> entry. Otherwise a password will not be
|
<devicename>ttyd0</devicename> entry. Otherwise a password will
|
||||||
required to connect via the serial console, resulting in a
|
not be required to connect via the serial console, resulting in a
|
||||||
potential security hole.</para>
|
potential security hole.</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2215,9 +2238,9 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
|
||||||
This is because &ps2; mice share some hardware with the keyboard
|
This is because &ps2; mice share some hardware with the keyboard
|
||||||
and leaving the mouse plugged in can fool the keyboard probe
|
and leaving the mouse plugged in can fool the keyboard probe
|
||||||
into thinking the keyboard is still there. It is said that a
|
into thinking the keyboard is still there. It is said that a
|
||||||
Gateway 2000 Pentium 90 MHz system with an AMI BIOS that behaves
|
Gateway 2000 Pentium 90 MHz system with an AMI BIOS that
|
||||||
this way. In general, this is not a problem since the mouse is
|
behaves this way. In general, this is not a problem since the
|
||||||
not much good without the keyboard anyway.</para>
|
mouse is not much good without the keyboard anyway.</para>
|
||||||
</note>
|
</note>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2341,9 +2364,9 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
|
||||||
console configuration, both the video display and the
|
console configuration, both the video display and the
|
||||||
serial port will become the console at the same time,
|
serial port will become the console at the same time,
|
||||||
regardless of the state of the <option>-h</option> option.
|
regardless of the state of the <option>-h</option> option.
|
||||||
However, note that the dual console configuration takes effect
|
However, note that the dual console configuration takes
|
||||||
only during the boot block is running. Once the boot loader
|
effect only during the boot block is running. Once the boot
|
||||||
gets control, the console specified by the
|
loader gets control, the console specified by the
|
||||||
<option>-h</option> option becomes the only console.</para>
|
<option>-h</option> option becomes the only console.</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
</varlistentry>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2455,9 +2478,9 @@ Keyboard: no</screen>
|
||||||
you may want to do so in order to make sure things are set up
|
you may want to do so in order to make sure things are set up
|
||||||
correctly.</para>
|
correctly.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Hit any key, other than <keycap>Enter</keycap>, at the console to
|
<para>Hit any key, other than <keycap>Enter</keycap>, at the console
|
||||||
interrupt the boot process. The boot blocks will then prompt you
|
to interrupt the boot process. The boot blocks will then prompt
|
||||||
for further action. You should now see something like:</para>
|
you for further action. You should now see something like:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen>>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
|
<screen>>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
|
||||||
Default: 0:ad(0,a)/boot/loader
|
Default: 0:ad(0,a)/boot/loader
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2471,10 +2494,11 @@ boot:</screen>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>If you want the serial console but you do not see the prompt
|
<para>If you want the serial console but you do not see the prompt
|
||||||
on the serial terminal, something is wrong with your settings. In
|
on the serial terminal, something is wrong with your settings. In
|
||||||
the meantime, you enter <option>-h</option> and hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> or <keycap>Return</keycap>
|
the meantime, you enter <option>-h</option> and hit
|
||||||
(if possible) to tell the boot block (and then the boot loader and
|
<keycap>Enter</keycap> or <keycap>Return</keycap> (if possible)
|
||||||
the kernel) to choose the serial port for the console. Once the
|
to tell the boot block (and then the boot loader and the kernel)
|
||||||
system is up, go back and check what went wrong.</para>
|
to choose the serial port for the console. Once the system is
|
||||||
|
up, go back and check what went wrong.</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
</procedure>
|
</procedure>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2693,7 +2717,8 @@ console="comconsole,vidconsole"</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<procedure>
|
<procedure>
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Get the kernel source. (See <xref linkend="cutting-edge">)</para>
|
<para>Get the kernel source. (See <xref
|
||||||
|
linkend="cutting-edge">)</para>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2724,7 +2749,8 @@ console="comconsole,vidconsole"</programlisting>
|
||||||
</step>
|
</step>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<step>
|
<step>
|
||||||
<para>Recompile and install the boot blocks and the boot loader:</para>
|
<para>Recompile and install the boot blocks and the boot
|
||||||
|
loader:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /sys/boot</userinput>
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /sys/boot</userinput>
|
||||||
&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput>
|
&prompt.root; <userinput>make clean</userinput>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2771,13 +2797,13 @@ ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
|
||||||
ttyd2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
|
ttyd2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
|
||||||
ttyd3 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure</programlisting>
|
ttyd3 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para><devicename>ttyd0</devicename> through <devicename>ttyd3</devicename>
|
<para><devicename>ttyd0</devicename> through
|
||||||
corresponds to <devicename>COM1</devicename> through
|
<devicename>ttyd3</devicename> corresponds to
|
||||||
<devicename>COM4</devicename>. Change <literal>off</literal> to
|
<devicename>COM1</devicename> through <devicename>COM4</devicename>.
|
||||||
<literal>on</literal> for the desired port. If you have changed the
|
Change <literal>off</literal> to <literal>on</literal> for the
|
||||||
speed of the serial port, you need to change
|
desired port. If you have changed the speed of the serial port,
|
||||||
<literal>std.9600</literal> to match the current setting, e.g.
|
you need to change <literal>std.9600</literal> to match the current
|
||||||
<literal>std.19200</literal>.</para>
|
setting, e.g. <literal>std.19200</literal>.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You may also want to change the terminal type from
|
<para>You may also want to change the terminal type from
|
||||||
<literal>unknown</literal> to the actual type of your serial
|
<literal>unknown</literal> to the actual type of your serial
|
||||||
|
|
@ -2869,8 +2895,9 @@ start</programlisting>
|
||||||
while most systems will let you boot without a keyboard, there
|
while most systems will let you boot without a keyboard, there
|
||||||
are quite a few that will not let you boot without a graphics adapter.
|
are quite a few that will not let you boot without a graphics adapter.
|
||||||
Machines with AMI BIOSes can be configured to boot with no graphics
|
Machines with AMI BIOSes can be configured to boot with no graphics
|
||||||
adapter installed simply by changing the <quote>graphics adapter</quote> setting in
|
adapter installed simply by changing the
|
||||||
the CMOS configuration to <quote>Not installed.</quote></para>
|
<quote>graphics adapter</quote> setting in the CMOS configuration to
|
||||||
|
<quote>Not installed.</quote></para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>However, many machines do not support this option and will refuse
|
<para>However, many machines do not support this option and will refuse
|
||||||
to boot if you have no display hardware in the system. With these
|
to boot if you have no display hardware in the system. With these
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue