Grammar nits. Remove dead words and redundant sentences. Reword a few areas to remove the

'you' which appeared in almost every other line.  One quick markup fix.
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Tom Rhodes 2002-10-05 02:15:42 +00:00
parent 57737501c3
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
<author> <author>
<firstname>Matt</firstname> <firstname>Matt</firstname>
<surname>Dillon</surname> <surname>Dillon</surname>
<contrib>Also based on tuning(7) written by </contrib> <contrib>Also based on &man.tuning.7; written by </contrib>
</author> </author>
</authorgroup> </authorgroup>
</chapterinfo> </chapterinfo>
@ -109,54 +109,43 @@
<sect3> <sect3>
<title>Base Partitions</title> <title>Base Partitions</title>
<para>When laying out your filesystem with &man.disklabel.8; <para>When laying out file systems with &man.disklabel.8;
or &man.sysinstall.8;, it is important to remember that hard or &man.sysinstall.8;, remember that hard
drives can transfer data at a faster rate from the outer drives transfer data faster from the outer
tracks than the inner. Knowing this, you should place your tracks to the inner.
smaller, heavily-accessed filesystems, such as root and Thus smaller and heavier-accessed file systems
swap, closer to the outside of the drive, while placing should be closer to the outside of the drive While
larger partitions, such as <filename>/usr</filename>, larger partitions like <filename>/usr</filename> should be placed
towards the inner. To do so, it is a good idea to create towards the inner. It is a good idea to create
partitions in a similar order: root, swap, partitions in a similar order to: root, swap,
<filename>/var</filename>, <filename>/usr</filename>.</para> <filename>/var</filename>, <filename>/usr</filename>.</para>
<para>The size of your <filename>/var</filename> partition <para>The size of <filename>/var</filename>
reflects the intended use of your machine. reflects the intended machine usage.
<filename>/var</filename> is primarily used to hold <filename>/var</filename> is used to hold
mailboxes, log files, and printer spools. Mailboxes and log mailboxes, log files, and printer spools. Mailboxes and log
files, in particular, can grow to unexpected sizes based files can grow to unexpected sizes depending
upon how many users are on your system and how long your log on how many users exist and how long log
files are kept. If you intend to run a mail server, a files are kept. Most users would never require a gigabyte,
<filename>/var</filename> partition of over a gigabyte can but remember that <filename>/var/tmp</filename>
be suitable. Additionally, <filename>/var/tmp</filename> must be large enough to contain packages.
must be large enough to contain any packages you may wish to </para>
add.</para>
<para>The <filename>/usr</filename> partition holds the bulk <para>The <filename>/usr</filename> partition holds much
of the files required to support the system and a of the files required to support the system, the &man.ports.7;
subdirectory within it called collection (recommended) and the source code (optional). Both
<filename>/usr/local</filename> holds the bulk of the files of which are optional at install time.
installed from the &man.ports.7; hierarchy. If you do not At least 2 gigabytes would be recommended for this partition.
use ports all that much and do not intend to keep system
source (<filename>/usr/src</filename>) on the machine, you
can get away with a 1&nbsp;gigabyte <filename>/usr</filename>
partition. However, if you install a lot of ports
(especially window managers and Linux binaries), we
recommend at least a two gigabyte <filename>/usr</filename>
and if you also intend to keep system source on the machine,
we recommend a three gigabyte <filename>/usr</filename>. Do
not underestimate the amount of space you will need in this
partition, it can creep up and surprise you!</para>
<para>When sizing your partitions, keep in mind the space <para>When selecting partition sizes, keep the space
requirements for your system to grow. Running out of space in requirements in mind. Running out of space in
one partition while having plenty in another can lead to much one partition while barely using another can be a
frustration.</para> hassle.</para>
<note><para>Some users who have used &man.sysinstall.8;'s <note><para>Some users have found that &man.sysinstall.8;'s
<literal>Auto-defaults</literal> partition sizer have found <literal>Auto-defaults</literal> partition sizer will
either their root or <filename>/var</filename> partitions too sometimes select smaller than adequate <filename>/var</filename>
small later on. Partition wisely and and <filename>/</filename> partitions. Partition wisely and
generously.</para></note> generously.</para></note>
</sect3> </sect3>
@ -167,64 +156,61 @@
<indexterm><primary>swap sizing</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>swap sizing</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>swap partition</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>swap partition</primary></indexterm>
<para>As a rule of thumb, your swap space should typically be <para>As a rule of thumb, the swap partition should be
double the amount of main memory. For example, if the machine about double the size of system memory (RAM). For example, if the machine
has 128&nbsp;megabytes of memory, the swap file should be has 128&nbsp;megabytes of memory, the swap file should be
256&nbsp;megabytes. Systems with lesser memory may perform better with 256&nbsp;megabytes. Systems with less memory may perform better with
a lot more swap. It is not recommended that you configure any more swap.
less than 256&nbsp;megabytes of swap on a system and you should Less than 256&nbsp;megabytes of swap is not recommended and
keep in mind future memory expansion when sizing the swap memory expansion should be considered.
partition. The kernel's VM paging algorithms are tuned to The kernel's VM paging algorithms are tuned to
perform best when the swap partition is at least two times the perform best when the swap partition is at least two times the
size of main memory. Configuring too little swap can lead to size of main memory. Configuring too little swap can lead to
inefficiencies in the VM page scanning code as well as create inefficiencies in the VM page scanning code and might create
issues later on if you add more memory to your machine.</para> issues later if more memory is added.</para>
<para>Finally, on larger systems with multiple SCSI disks (or <para>On larger systems with multiple SCSI disks (or
multiple IDE disks operating on different controllers), it is multiple IDE disks operating on different controllers), it is
strongly recommend that you configure swap on each drive (up recommend that a swap is configured on each drive (up
to four drives). The swap partitions on the drives should be to four drives). The swap partitions should be
approximately the same size. The kernel can handle arbitrary approximately the same size. The kernel can handle arbitrary
sizes but internal data structures scale to 4 times the sizes but internal data structures scale to 4 times the
largest swap partition. Keeping the swap partitions near the largest swap partition. Keeping the swap partitions near the
same size will allow the kernel to optimally stripe swap space same size will allow the kernel to optimally stripe swap space
across the disks. Do not worry about overdoing it a little, across disks.
swap space is the saving grace of Unix. Even if you do not Large swap sizes are fine, regardless if it's not
normally use much swap, it can give you more time to recover used much. It might be easier to recover
from a runaway program before being forced to reboot.</para> from a runaway program before being forced to reboot.</para>
</sect3> </sect3>
<sect3> <sect3>
<title>Why Partition?</title> <title>Why Partition?</title>
<para> Why partition at all? Why not create one big root <para>Several users think a single large partition will be fine,
partition and be done with it? Then I do not have to worry but there are several reasons why this is a bad idea.
about undersizing things!</para>
<para>There are several reasons this is not a good idea.
First, each partition has different operational First, each partition has different operational
characteristics and separating them allows the filesystem to characteristics and separating them allows the file system to
tune itself to those characteristics. For example, the root tune accordingly. For example, the root
and <filename>/usr</filename> partitions are read-mostly, with and <filename>/usr</filename> partitions are read-mostly, without
very little writing, while a lot of reading and writing could much writing. While a lot of reading and writing could
occur in <filename>/var</filename> and occur in <filename>/var</filename> and
<filename>/var/tmp</filename>.</para> <filename>/var/tmp</filename>.</para>
<para>By properly partitioning your system, fragmentation <para>By properly partitioning a system, fragmentation
introduced in the smaller more heavily write-loaded partitions introduced in the smaller write heavy partitions
will not bleed over into the mostly-read partitions. will not bleed over into the mostly-read partitions.
Additionally, keeping the write-loaded partitions closer to Keeping the write-loaded partitions closer to
the edge of the disk, for example before the really big the disk's edge,
partition instead of after in the partition table, will will
increase I/O performance in the partitions where you need it increase I/O performance in the partitions where it occurs
the most. Now it is true that you might also need I/O the most. Now while I/O
performance in the larger partitions, but they are so large performance in the larger partitions may be needed,
that shifting them more towards the edge of the disk will not shifting them more towards the edge of the disk will not
lead to a significant performance improvement whereas moving lead to a significant performance improvement over moving
<filename>/var</filename> to the edge can have a huge impact. <filename>/var</filename> to the edge.
Finally, there are safety concerns. Having a small, neat root Finally, there are safety concerns. A smaller, neater root
partition that is essentially read-only gives it a greater partition which is mostly read-only has a greater
chance of surviving a bad crash intact.</para> chance of surviving a bad crash.</para>
</sect3> </sect3>
</sect2> </sect2>