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<see>updating-upgrading</see> <see>updating-upgrading</see>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
<para>Applying security patches in a timely manner and <para>Applying security patches in a timely manner and upgrading
upgrading to a newer release of to a newer release of an operating system are important aspects
an operating system are important aspects of of ongoing system administration. &os; includes a utility
ongoing system administration.
&os; includes a utility
called <command>freebsd-update</command> which can be used to called <command>freebsd-update</command> which can be used to
perform both these tasks.</para> perform both these tasks.</para>
<para>This utility supports binary <para>This utility supports binary security and errata updates to
security and errata updates to &os;, &os;, without the need to manually compile and install the patch
without the need to manually compile and install the patch or a or a new kernel. Binary updates are available for all
new kernel. Binary updates are available for all architectures and architectures and releases currently supported by the security
releases currently supported by the security team. The list of team. The list of supported releases and their estimated
supported releases and their estimated end-of-life dates are listed at <uri end-of-life dates are listed at <uri
xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/</uri>.</para> xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/</uri>.</para>
<para>This utility also supports operating system upgrades to
minor point releases as well as upgrades to another release
branch. Before upgrading to a new release, review its release
announcement as it contains important information pertinent to
the release. Release announcements are available from <uri
xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</uri>.</para>
<note>
<para>If a <command>crontab</command> utilizing the features
of &man.freebsd-update.8; exists, it must be disabled before
upgrading the operating system.</para>
</note>
<para>This utility also supports operating system upgrades to minor point
releases as well as upgrades to another release branch. Before
upgrading to a new release, review its release announcement
as it contains important information pertinent to the
release. Release announcements are available from <uri
xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</uri>.</para>
<note>
<para>If a <command>crontab</command> utilizing the features
of &man.freebsd-update.8; exists, it must be
disabled before upgrading the operating system.</para>
</note>
<para>This section describes the configuration file used by <para>This section describes the configuration file used by
<command>freebsd-update</command>, demonstrates how to <command>freebsd-update</command>, demonstrates how to apply a
apply a security patch and how to upgrade to a minor or major security patch and how to upgrade to a minor or major operating
operating system release, and discusses some of the considerations system release, and discusses some of the considerations when
when upgrading the operating system.</para> upgrading the operating system.</para>
<sect2 xml:id="freebsdupdate-config-file"> <sect2 xml:id="freebsdupdate-config-file">
<title>The Configuration File</title> <title>The Configuration File</title>
<para>The default configuration file for <para>The default configuration file for
<command>freebsd-update</command> works as-is. Some users may wish to tweak the default configuration <command>freebsd-update</command> works as-is. Some users may
in <filename>/etc/freebsd-update.conf</filename>, allowing wish to tweak the default configuration in
better control of the process. The comments in this file explain the available options, <filename>/etc/freebsd-update.conf</filename>, allowing
but the following may require a bit more better control of the process. The comments in this file
explanation:</para> explain the available options, but the following may require a
bit more explanation:</para>
<programlisting># Components of the base system which should be kept updated. <programlisting># Components of the base system which should be kept updated.
Components world kernel</programlisting> Components world kernel</programlisting>
<para>This parameter controls which parts of &os; will be kept <para>This parameter controls which parts of &os; will be kept
up-to-date. The default is to update the up-to-date. The default is to update the entire base system
entire base system and the kernel. Individual components can and the kernel. Individual components can instead be
instead be specified, such as specified, such as <literal>src/base</literal> or
<literal>src/base</literal> or <literal>src/sys</literal>. However, the best option is to
<literal>src/sys</literal>. However, the best option is to leave this at the default as leave this at the default as changing it to include specific
changing it to include specific items requires items requires every needed item to be listed. Over time,
every needed item to be listed. Over time, this could have disastrous this could have disastrous consequences as source code and
consequences as source code and binaries may become out of binaries may become out of sync.</para>
sync.</para>
<programlisting># Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths <programlisting># Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths
# statement will be ignored. # statement will be ignored.
IgnorePaths /boot/kernel/linker.hints</programlisting> IgnorePaths /boot/kernel/linker.hints</programlisting>
<para>To leave specified directories, such as <para>To leave specified directories, such as
<filename>/bin</filename> or <filename>/bin</filename> or <filename>/sbin</filename>,
<filename>/sbin</filename>, untouched during untouched during the update process, add their paths to this
the update process, add their paths to this statement. This statement. This option may be used to prevent
option may be used to prevent
<command>freebsd-update</command> from overwriting local <command>freebsd-update</command> from overwriting local
modifications.</para> modifications.</para>