diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml
index 282fa05253..96cc6a1e99 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/l10n/chapter.xml
@@ -33,29 +33,29 @@
contributors located all over the world. This chapter discusses
the internationalization and localization features of FreeBSD
that allow non-English speaking users to get real work done.
- There are many aspects of the i18n implementation in both the system
- and application levels, so where applicable we refer the reader
- to more specific sources of documentation.
+ There are many aspects of the i18n implementation in both the
+ system and application levels, so where applicable we refer
+ the reader to more specific sources of documentation.
After reading this chapter, you will know:How different languages and locales are encoded
- on modern operating systems.
+ on modern operating systems.
How to set the locale for your login
- shell.
+ shell.
How to configure your console for non-English
- languages.
- How to use X Window System effectively with different
- languages.
+ languages.
+ How to use X Window System effectively with
+ different languages.Where to find more information about writing
- i18n-compliant applications.
-
+ i18n-compliant applications.
+
Before reading this chapter, you should:Know how to install additional third-party
- applications ().
+ applications ().
@@ -64,48 +64,51 @@
What Is I18N/L10N?
-
- internationalization
- localization
-
- localization
- Developers shortened internationalization into the term I18N,
- counting the number of letters between the first and the last
- letters of internationalization. L10N uses the same naming
- scheme, coming from localization. Combined
- together, I18N/L10N methods, protocols, and applications allow
- users to use languages of their choice.
+
+ internationalization
+ localization
+
+ localization
+
+ Developers shortened internationalization into the term
+ I18N, counting the number of letters between the first and
+ the last letters of internationalization. L10N uses the
+ same naming scheme, coming from localization.
+ Combined together, I18N/L10N methods, protocols, and
+ applications allow users to use languages of their
+ choice.I18N applications are programmed using I18N kits under
- libraries. It allows for developers to write a simple file and
- translate displayed menus and texts to each language. We strongly
- encourage programmers to follow this convention.
+ libraries. It allows for developers to write a simple file
+ and translate displayed menus and texts to each language.
+ We strongly encourage programmers to follow this
+ convention.
Why Should I Use I18N/L10N?
- I18N/L10N is used whenever you wish to either view, input, or
- process data in non-English languages.
+ I18N/L10N is used whenever you wish to either view,
+ input, or process data in non-English languages.What Languages Are Supported in the I18N Effort?
- I18N and L10N are not FreeBSD specific. Currently, one can
- choose from most of the major languages of the World, including
- but not limited to: Chinese, German, Japanese, Korean, French,
- Russian, Vietnamese and others.
+ I18N and L10N are not FreeBSD specific. Currently, one
+ can choose from most of the major languages of the World,
+ including but not limited to: Chinese, German, Japanese,
+ Korean, French, Russian, Vietnamese and others.Using Localization
- In all its splendor, I18N is not FreeBSD-specific and is a
- convention. We encourage you to help FreeBSD in following this
- convention.
+ In all its splendor, I18N is not FreeBSD-specific and is
+ a convention. We encourage you to help FreeBSD in following
+ this convention.localeLocalization settings are based on three main terms:
@@ -116,16 +119,18 @@
Language and Country Codes
+
language codescountry codes
- In order to localize a FreeBSD system to a specific language
- (or any other I18N-supporting &unix; like systems), the user needs to find out
- the codes for the specific country and language (country
- codes tell applications what variation of given
- language to use). In addition, web
- browsers, SMTP/POP servers, web servers, etc. make decisions based on
- them. The following are examples of language/country codes:
+ In order to localize a FreeBSD system to a specific
+ language (or any other I18N-supporting &unix; like systems),
+ the user needs to find out the codes for the specific country
+ and language (country codes tell applications what variation
+ of given language to use). In addition, web browsers,
+ SMTP/POP servers, web servers, etc. make decisions based on
+ them. The following are examples of language/country
+ codes:
@@ -164,32 +169,36 @@
Encodings
+
encodingsASCII
- Some languages use non-ASCII encodings that are 8-bit, wide
- or multibyte characters, see &man.multibyte.3; for more
- details. Older applications do not recognize them
- and mistake them for control characters. Newer applications
- usually do recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on the
- implementation, users may be required to compile an application
- with wide or multibyte characters support, or configure it correctly.
- To be able to input and process wide or multibyte characters, the FreeBSD Ports Collection has provided
- each language with different programs. Refer to the I18N
- documentation in the respective FreeBSD Port.
+ Some languages use non-ASCII encodings that are 8-bit,
+ wide or multibyte characters, see &man.multibyte.3; for more
+ details. Older applications do not recognize them and mistake
+ them for control characters. Newer applications usually do
+ recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on the implementation,
+ users may be required to compile an application with wide or
+ multibyte characters support, or configure it correctly.
+ To be able to input and process wide or multibyte characters,
+ the FreeBSD Ports
+ Collection has provided each language with different
+ programs. Refer to the I18N documentation in the respective
+ FreeBSD Port.Specifically, the user needs to look at the application
- documentation to decide on how to configure it correctly or to
- pass correct values into the configure/Makefile/compiler.
+ documentation to decide on how to configure it correctly or
+ to pass correct values into the
+ configure/Makefile/compiler.Some things to keep in mind are:Language specific single C chars character sets
- (see &man.multibyte.3;), e.g.
- ISO8859-1, ISO8859-15, KOI8-R, CP437.
+ (see &man.multibyte.3;), e.g. ISO8859-1, ISO8859-15,
+ KOI8-R, CP437.
@@ -199,10 +208,11 @@
You can check the active list of character sets at the
IANA Registry.
+ url="http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry.
- &os; uses X11-compatible locale encodings instead.
+ &os; uses X11-compatible locale encodings
+ instead.
@@ -211,67 +221,71 @@
I18N ApplicationsIn the FreeBSD Ports and Package system, I18N applications
- have been named with I18N in their names for
- easy identification. However, they do not always support the
- language needed.
+ have been named with I18N in their names
+ for easy identification. However, they do not always support
+ the language needed.
Setting Locale
- Usually it is sufficient to export the value of the locale name
- as LANG in the login shell. This could be done in
- the user's ~/.login_conf file or in the
- startup file of the user's shell (~/.profile,
- ~/.bashrc, ~/.cshrc).
- There is no need to set the locale subsets such as
- LC_CTYPE, LC_CTIME. Please
- refer to language-specific FreeBSD documentation for more
- information.
+ Usually it is sufficient to export the value of the
+ locale name as LANG in the login shell. This
+ could be done in the user's ~/.login_conf
+ file or in the startup file of the user's shell
+ (~/.profile,
+ ~/.bashrc,
+ ~/.cshrc). There is no need to set the
+ locale subsets such as LC_CTYPE,
+ LC_CTIME. Please refer to language-specific
+ FreeBSD documentation for more information.
- You should set the following two environment variables in your configuration
- files:
+ You should set the following two environment variables
+ in your configuration files:
- POSIX
-
- LANG for &posix; &man.setlocale.3; family
- functions
+ POSIX
+
+ LANG for &posix; &man.setlocale.3;
+ family functionsMIME
- MM_CHARSET for applications' MIME character
- set
+ MM_CHARSET for applications' MIME
+ character set
- This includes the user shell configuration, the specific application
- configuration, and the X11 configuration.
+ This includes the user shell configuration, the specific
+ application configuration, and the X11 configuration.Setting Locale Methods
- locale
- login class
+
+ locale
+ login classThere are two methods for setting locale, and both are
- described below. The first (recommended one) is by assigning
- the environment variables in login
- class, and the second is by adding the environment
- variable assignments to the system's shell startup file.
+ described below. The first (recommended one) is by
+ assigning the environment variables in
+ login class, and the
+ second is by adding the environment variable assignments
+ to the system's shell
+ startup file.
Login Classes Method
- This method allows environment variables needed for locale
- name and MIME character sets to be assigned once for every
- possible shell instead of adding specific shell assignments to
- each shell's startup file. User
- Level Setup can be done by an user himself and Administrator Level Setup require
- superuser privileges.
+ This method allows environment variables needed for
+ locale name and MIME character sets to be assigned once
+ for every possible shell instead of adding specific shell
+ assignments to each shell's startup file.
+ User Level Setup can be
+ done by an user himself and
+ Administrator Level Setup
+ require superuser privileges.User Level Setup
@@ -285,12 +299,14 @@
:charset=ISO-8859-1:\
:lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:
- Traditional ChineseBIG-5 encoding
+ Traditional Chinese
+ BIG-5 encodingHere is an example of a
- .login_conf that sets the variables
- for Traditional Chinese in BIG-5 encoding. Notice the many
- more variables set because some software does not respect
- locale variables correctly for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.
+ .login_conf that sets the variables
+ for Traditional Chinese in BIG-5 encoding. Notice the
+ many more variables set because some software does not
+ respect locale variables correctly for Chinese,
+ Japanese, and Korean.
#Users who do not wish to use monetary units or time formats
#of Taiwan can manually change each variable
@@ -307,7 +323,8 @@ me:\
:xmodifiers="@im=gcin": #Set gcin as the XIM Input ServerSee Administrator Level
- Setup and &man.login.conf.5; for more details.
+ Setup and &man.login.conf.5; for more
+ details.
@@ -323,8 +340,8 @@ me:\
:lang=locale_name:\
:tc=default:
- So sticking with our previous example using Latin-1, it
- would look like this:
+ So sticking with our previous example using Latin-1,
+ it would look like this:german|German Users Accounts:\
:charset=ISO-8859-1:\
@@ -337,58 +354,65 @@ me:\
&prompt.root; cap_mkdb /etc/login.confto make new configuration in
- /etc/login.conf visible to the system.
+ /etc/login.conf visible to the
+ system.
- Changing Login Classes with &man.vipw.8;
+ Changing Login Classes with
+ &man.vipw.8;
- vipw
-
- Use vipw to add new users, and make
- the entry look like this:
+ vipw
+
+ Use vipw to add new users, and
+ make the entry look like this:user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh
- Changing Login Classes with &man.adduser.8;
+ Changing Login Classes with
+ &man.adduser.8;
- adduser
-
+ adduser
+
login class
- Use adduser to add new users, and do
- the following:
+ Use adduser to add new users,
+ and do the following:Set defaultclass =
- language in
- /etc/adduser.conf. Keep in mind
- you must enter a default class for
- all users of other languages in this case.
+ language in
+ /etc/adduser.conf. Keep in
+ mind you must enter a default
+ class for all users of other languages in this
+ case.
- An alternative variant is answering the specified
- language each time that
-Enter login class: default []:
+ An alternative variant is answering the
+ specified language each time that
+
+ Enter login class: default []:
+
appears from &man.adduser.8;.
- Another alternative is to use the following for each
- user of a different language that you wish to
+ Another alternative is to use the following for
+ each user of a different language that you wish to
add:&prompt.root; adduser -class language
- Changing Login Classes with &man.pw.8;
+ Changing Login Classes with
+ &man.pw.8;
- pw
-
- If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call it in
- this form:
+ pw
+
+ If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call
+ it in this form:&prompt.root; pw useradd user_name -L language
@@ -398,19 +422,20 @@ me:\
Shell Startup File Method
- This method is not recommended because it requires a
- different setup for each possible shell program chosen. Use
- the Login Class Method
- instead.
+ This method is not recommended because it requires
+ a different setup for each possible shell program
+ chosen. Use the Login Class
+ Method instead.MIMElocale
- To add the locale name and MIME character set, just set
- the two environment variables shown below in the
+ To add the locale name and MIME character set, just
+ set the two environment variables shown below in the
/etc/profile and/or
- /etc/csh.login shell startup files. We
- will use the German language as an example below:
+ /etc/csh.login shell startup files.
+ We will use the German language as an example
+ below:In /etc/profile:
@@ -423,11 +448,11 @@ me:\
setenv MM_CHARSET ISO-8859-1Alternatively, you can add the above instructions to
- /usr/share/skel/dot.profile (similar to
- what was used in /etc/profile above), or
- /usr/share/skel/dot.login (similar to
- what was used in /etc/csh.login
- above).
+ /usr/share/skel/dot.profile (similar
+ to what was used in /etc/profile
+ above), or /usr/share/skel/dot.login
+ (similar to what was used in
+ /etc/csh.login above).
For X11:
@@ -456,33 +481,37 @@ me:\
font8x14=font_name
font8x8=font_name
- The font_name here is taken from
- the /usr/share/syscons/fonts directory,
- without the .fnt suffix.
+ The font_name here is taken
+ from the /usr/share/syscons/fonts
+ directory, without the .fnt
+ suffix.
- sysinstall
+ sysinstallkeymapscreenmapIf required, set the keymap and screenmap for your
single C chars character set through
sysinstall.
- Once inside sysinstall, choose Configure, then
- Console. Alternatively, you can add the
- following to /etc/rc.conf:
+ Once inside sysinstall, choose
+ Configure, then
+ Console. Alternatively, you can
+ add the following to /etc/rc.conf:
scrnmap=screenmap_name
keymap=keymap_name
keychange="fkey_number sequence"
- The screenmap_name here is taken
- from the /usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps
- directory, without the .scm suffix. A
- screenmap with a corresponding mapped font is usually needed as a
- workaround for expanding bit 8 to bit 9 on a VGA adapter's font
- character matrix in pseudographics area, i.e., to move letters out
- of that area if screen font uses a bit 8 column.
+ The screenmap_name here is
+ taken from the
+ /usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps directory,
+ without the .scm suffix. A screenmap
+ with a corresponding mapped font is usually needed as a
+ workaround for expanding bit 8 to bit 9 on a VGA adapter's
+ font character matrix in pseudographics area, i.e., to move
+ letters out of that area if screen font uses a bit 8
+ column.If you have the moused daemon
enabled by setting the following
@@ -494,29 +523,31 @@ keychange="fkey_number sequence"
paragraph.
- moused
+ moused
- By default the mouse cursor of the &man.syscons.4; driver occupies the
- 0xd0-0xd3 range in the character set. If your language uses this
- range, you need to move the cursor's range outside of it. To enable
- the workaround for &os;, add the following line to
- /etc/rc.conf:
+ By default the mouse cursor of the &man.syscons.4; driver
+ occupies the 0xd0-0xd3 range in the character set. If your
+ language uses this range, you need to move the cursor's range
+ outside of it. To enable the workaround for &os;, add the
+ following line to /etc/rc.conf:mousechar_start=3
- The keymap_name here is taken from
- the /usr/share/syscons/keymaps directory,
- without the .kbd suffix. If you are
- uncertain which keymap to use, you use can &man.kbdmap.1; to test
- keymaps without rebooting.
+ The keymap_name here is taken
+ from the /usr/share/syscons/keymaps
+ directory, without the .kbd suffix. If
+ you are uncertain which keymap to use, you use can
+ &man.kbdmap.1; to test keymaps without rebooting.
- The keychange is usually needed to program
- function keys to match the selected terminal type because
- function key sequences cannot be defined in the key map.
+ The keychange is usually needed to
+ program function keys to match the selected terminal type
+ because function key sequences cannot be defined in the key
+ map.
- Also be sure to set the correct console terminal type in
- /etc/ttys for all ttyv*
- entries. Current pre-defined correspondences are:
+ Also be sure to set the correct console terminal type
+ in /etc/ttys for all
+ ttyv* entries. Current pre-defined
+ correspondences are:
@@ -566,13 +597,14 @@ keychange="fkey_number sequence"
- For wide or multibyte characters languages, use the correct
- FreeBSD port in your
+ For wide or multibyte characters languages, use the
+ correct FreeBSD port in your
/usr/ports/language
- directory. Some ports appear as console while the system sees it
- as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's for both
- X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial list of
- applications for using other languages in console:
+ directory. Some ports appear as console while the system
+ sees it as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's
+ for both X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial
+ list of applications for using other languages in
+ console:
@@ -586,18 +618,22 @@ keychange="fkey_number sequence"
Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)
- chinese/big5con
+ chinese/big5conJapanese
- japanese/kon2-16dot or
- japanese/mule-freewnn
+ japanese/kon2-16dot or
+ japanese/mule-freewnnKorean
- korean/han
+ korean/han
@@ -610,30 +646,36 @@ keychange="fkey_number sequence"
Although X11 is not part of the FreeBSD Project, we have
included some information here for FreeBSD users. For more
details, refer to the &xorg;
+ url="http://www.x.org/">&xorg;
web site or whichever X11 Server you use.
- In ~/.Xresources, you can additionally
- tune application specific I18N settings (e.g., fonts, menus,
- etc.).
+ In ~/.Xresources, you can
+ additionally tune application specific I18N settings (e.g.,
+ fonts, menus, etc.).Displaying Fonts
- X11 True Type font server
+
+ X11 True Type font
+ serverInstall &xorg; server
- (x11-servers/xorg-server),
- then install the language &truetype; fonts. Setting the correct
- locale should allow you to view your selected language in menus
- and such.
+ (x11-servers/xorg-server),
+ then install the language &truetype; fonts. Setting the
+ correct locale should allow you to view your selected
+ language in menus and such.
Inputting Non-English Characters
- X11 Input Method (XIM)
- The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard for
- all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written as XIM
- clients that take input from XIM Input servers. There are
- several XIM servers available for different languages.
+
+ X11 Input Method
+ (XIM)
+ The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard
+ for all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written
+ as XIM clients that take input from XIM Input servers.
+ There are several XIM servers available for different
+ languages.
@@ -641,44 +683,45 @@ keychange="fkey_number sequence"
Printer SetupSome single C chars character sets are usually hardware
- coded into printers. Wide or multibyte
- character sets require special setup and we recommend using
- apsfilter. You may also convert the
- document to &postscript; or PDF formats using language specific
- converters.
+ coded into printers. Wide or multibyte character sets require
+ special setup and we recommend using
+ apsfilter. You may also convert
+ the document to &postscript; or PDF formats using language
+ specific converters.
Kernel and File Systems
- The FreeBSD fast filesystem (FFS) is 8-bit clean, so it can be used
- with any single C chars character set (see &man.multibyte.3;),
- but there is no character set
- name stored in the filesystem; i.e., it is raw 8-bit and does not
- know anything about encoding order. Officially, FFS does not
- support any form of wide or multibyte character sets yet. However, some
- wide or multibyte character sets have independent patches for FFS
- enabling such support. They are only temporary unportable
- solutions or hacks and we have decided to not include them in the
- source tree. Refer to respective languages' web sites for more
- information and the patch files.
+ The FreeBSD fast filesystem (FFS) is 8-bit clean, so it
+ can be used with any single C chars character set (see
+ &man.multibyte.3;), but there is no character set name stored
+ in the filesystem; i.e., it is raw 8-bit and does not know
+ anything about encoding order. Officially, FFS does not
+ support any form of wide or multibyte character sets yet.
+ However, some wide or multibyte character sets have
+ independent patches for FFS enabling such support. They are
+ only temporary unportable solutions or hacks and we have
+ decided to not include them in the source tree. Refer to
+ respective languages' web sites for more information and the
+ patch files.DOSUnicode
- The FreeBSD &ms-dos; filesystem has the configurable ability to
- convert between &ms-dos;, Unicode character sets and chosen
- FreeBSD filesystem character sets. See &man.mount.msdosfs.8; for
- details.
+ The FreeBSD &ms-dos; filesystem has the configurable
+ ability to convert between &ms-dos;, Unicode character sets
+ and chosen FreeBSD filesystem character sets. See
+ &man.mount.msdosfs.8; for details.Compiling I18N Programs
- Many FreeBSD Ports have been ported with I18N support. Some
- of them are marked with -I18N in the port name. These and many
- other programs have built in support for I18N and need no special
- consideration.
+ Many FreeBSD Ports have been ported with I18N support.
+ Some of them are marked with -I18N in the port name. These
+ and many other programs have built in support for I18N and
+ need no special consideration.MySQL
@@ -705,14 +748,15 @@ keychange="fkey_number sequence"
Russian Language (KOI8-R Encoding)
+
localizationRussian
- For more information about KOI8-R encoding, see the KOI8-R References
- (Russian Net Character Set).
+ For more information about KOI8-R encoding, see the
+ KOI8-R References
+ (Russian Net Character Set).Locale Setup
@@ -724,8 +768,8 @@ keychange="fkey_number sequence"
:charset=KOI8-R:\
:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:
- See earlier in this chapter for examples of setting up the
- locale.
+ See earlier in this chapter for examples of setting
+ up the locale.
@@ -758,18 +802,20 @@ font8x8="cp866-8x8"
- See earlier in this chapter for examples of setting up the
- console.
+ See earlier in this chapter for examples of setting up
+ the console.Printer Setup
+
printersSince most printers with Russian characters come with
hardware code page CP866, a special output filter is needed
- to convert from KOI8-R to CP866. Such a filter is installed by
- default as /usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt.
- A Russian printer /etc/printcap entry
+ to convert from KOI8-R to CP866. Such a filter is installed
+ by default as
+ /usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt. A
+ Russian printer /etc/printcap entry
should look like:lp|Russian local line printer:\
@@ -782,16 +828,17 @@ font8x8="cp866-8x8"&ms-dos; FS and Russian Filenames
- The following example &man.fstab.5; entry enables support
- for Russian filenames in mounted &ms-dos; filesystems:
+ The following example &man.fstab.5; entry enables
+ support for Russian filenames in mounted &ms-dos;
+ filesystems:/dev/ad0s2 /dos/c msdos rw,-Wkoi2dos,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0The option selects the locale name
used, and sets the character conversion
table. To use the option, be sure to
- mount /usr before the &ms-dos; partition
- because the conversion tables are located in
+ mount /usr before the &ms-dos;
+ partition because the conversion tables are located in
/usr/libdata/msdosfs. For more
information, see the &man.mount.msdosfs.8; manual
page.
@@ -803,30 +850,30 @@ font8x8="cp866-8x8"
Do non-X locale
- setup first as described.
+ setup first as described.
If you use &xorg;,
- install
- x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic
- package.
+ install x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic
+ package.
- Check the "Files" section
- in your /etc/X11/xorg.conf file.
- The following
- line must be added before any other
- FontPath entries:
+ Check the "Files" section in
+ your /etc/X11/xorg.conf file. The
+ following line must be added before
+ any other FontPath entries:FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic"
- See ports for more cyrillic fonts.
+ See ports for more cyrillic fonts.
+
- To activate a Russian keyboard, add the following to the
- "Keyboard" section of your
+ To activate a Russian keyboard, add the following
+ to the "Keyboard" section of your
xorg.conf file:Option "XkbLayout" "us,ru"
@@ -837,36 +884,38 @@ Option "XkbOptions" "grp:toggle"For grp:toggle
the RUS/LAT switch will be Right Alt,
- for grp:ctrl_shift_toggle switch will be
- CtrlShift.
- For grp:caps_toggle
- the RUS/LAT switch will be CapsLock.
- The old CapsLock function is still
- available via ShiftCapsLock (in LAT mode
- only).
- grp:caps_toggle does not work in
- &xorg; for unknown reason.
+ for grp:ctrl_shift_toggle switch
+ will be CtrlShift.
+ For grp:caps_toggle the RUS/LAT
+ switch will be CapsLock. The old
+ CapsLock function is still available
+ via ShiftCapsLock
+ (in LAT mode only). grp:caps_toggle
+ does not work in &xorg; for
+ unknown reason.
- If you have &windows; keys on your keyboard,
- and notice that some non-alphabetical keys are mapped
- incorrectly in RUS mode, add the following line in your
- xorg.conf file:
+ If you have &windows; keys on your
+ keyboard, and notice that some non-alphabetical keys
+ are mapped incorrectly in RUS mode, add the following
+ line in your xorg.conf file:Option "XkbVariant" ",winkeys"
- The Russian XKB keyboard may not work with non-localized
- applications.
+ The Russian XKB keyboard may not work with
+ non-localized applications.Minimally localized applications
should call a XtSetLanguageProc (NULL, NULL,
- NULL); function early in the program.
- See
- KOI8-R for X Window for more instructions on
+ NULL); function early in the program.
+
+ See
+ KOI8-R for X Window for more instructions on
localizing X11 applications.
@@ -874,27 +923,31 @@ Option "XkbOptions" "grp:toggle"
Traditional Chinese Localization for Taiwan
+
localizationTraditional ChineseThe FreeBSD-Taiwan Project has an Chinese HOWTO for
- FreeBSD at
- using many Chinese ports.
- Current editor for the FreeBSD Chinese HOWTO is
- Shen Chuan-Hsing statue@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw.
-
+ FreeBSD at
+ using many Chinese ports. Current editor for the
+ FreeBSD Chinese HOWTO is Shen Chuan-Hsing
+ statue@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw.
- Chuan-Hsing Shen statue@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw has
- created the
- Chinese FreeBSD Collection (CFC) using FreeBSD-Taiwan's
- zh-L10N-tut. The packages and the script files
- are available at .
+ Chuan-Hsing Shen
+ statue@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw has created the
+
+ Chinese FreeBSD Collection (CFC) using
+ FreeBSD-Taiwan's zh-L10N-tut. The packages
+ and the script files are available at .German Language Localization (for All ISO 8859-1
Languages)
+
localizationGerman
@@ -902,8 +955,8 @@ Option "XkbOptions" "grp:toggle"
Slaven Rezic eserte@cs.tu-berlin.de wrote a
tutorial on using umlauts on a FreeBSD machine. The tutorial
- is written in German and is available at
- .
+ is written in German and is available at .
@@ -913,15 +966,17 @@ Option "XkbOptions" "grp:toggle"
localizationGreek
- Nikos Kokkalis nickkokkalis@gmail.com has written
- a complete article on Greek support in &os;. It is available as
- part of the official &os; Greek documentation, in Nikos Kokkalis nickkokkalis@gmail.com has
+ written a complete article on Greek support in &os;. It is
+ available as part of the official &os; Greek documentation, in
+ http://www.freebsd.org/doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/articles/greek-language-support/index.html.
Please note this is in Greek only.Japanese and Korean Language Localization
+
localizationJapanese
@@ -931,7 +986,7 @@ Option "XkbOptions" "grp:toggle"
KoreanFor Japanese, refer to
- ,
+ ,
and for Korean, refer to
.
@@ -939,9 +994,10 @@ Option "XkbOptions" "grp:toggle"
Non-English FreeBSD Documentation
- Some FreeBSD contributors have translated parts of FreeBSD documentation to
- other languages. They are available through links on the main site or in
+ Some FreeBSD contributors have translated parts of
+ FreeBSD documentation to other languages. They are available
+ through links on the main site or in
/usr/share/doc.