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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content=
"HTML Tidy for FreeBSD (vers 7 December 2008), see www.w3.org" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
"text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE README</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
<link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" />
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="article" title="FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE README">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"idp58648112"></a>FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE README</h2>
</div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="corpauthor">The
FreeBSD Project</h3>
</div>
<div>
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright
© 2013 The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
</div>
<div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"
title="Legal Notice"><a id="trademarks"></a>
<p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.</p>
<p>Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, and
Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation
or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.</p>
<p>Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone
and The Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United
States and other countries.</p>
<p>SPARC, SPARC64, SPARCengine, and UltraSPARC are trademarks of
SPARC International, Inc in the United States and other countries.
SPARC International, Inc owns all of the SPARC trademarks and under
licensing agreements allows the proper use of these trademarks by
its members.</p>
<p>Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to
distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those
designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was
aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed
by the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">™</span>”</span> or
the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">®</span>”</span>
symbol.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>Last modified on 2013-09-26 by gjb.</div>
</div>
<hr /></div>
<div class="toc">
<div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1.
Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#obtain">2. Obtaining
FreeBSD</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#contacting">3. Contacting the
FreeBSD Project</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#seealso">4. Further
Reading</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#acknowledgements">5.
Acknowledgments</a></span></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="abstract" title="Abstract">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage"></div>
<p>This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE.
It includes some information on how to obtain FreeBSD, a listing of
various ways to contact the FreeBSD Project, and pointers to some
other sources of information.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect1" title="1.&nbsp;Introduction">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style=
"clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1.&nbsp;Introduction</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This distribution is a snapshot of FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE, the
latest point along the 9.2-STABLE branch.</p>
<div class="sect2" title="1.1.&nbsp;About FreeBSD">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"idp59318960"></a>1.1.&nbsp;About FreeBSD</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite for AMD64
and Intel EM64T based PC hardware (amd64), Intel, AMD, Cyrix or
NexGen <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">x86</span>”</span>
based PC hardware (i386), Intel Itanium Processor based computers
(ia64), NEC PC-9801/9821 series PCs and compatibles (pc98), and
<span class="trademark">UltraSPARC</span>® machines (sparc64).
Versions for the <span class="trademark">ARM</span>® (arm),
<span class="trademark">MIPS</span>® (mips), and <span class=
"trademark">PowerPC</span>® (powerpc) architectures are currently
under development as well. FreeBSD works with a wide variety of
peripherals and configurations and can be used for everything from
software development to games to Internet Service Provision.</p>
<p>This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need to run such
a system, including full source code for the kernel and all
utilities in the base distribution. With the source distribution
installed, you can literally recompile the entire system from
scratch with one command, making it ideal for students,
researchers, or users who simply want to see how it all works.</p>
<p>A large collection of third-party ported software (the
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Ports
Collection</span>”</span>) is also provided to make it easy to
obtain and install all your favorite traditional <span class=
"trademark">UNIX</span>® utilities for FreeBSD. Each <span class=
"quote">“<span class="quote">port</span>”</span> consists of a set
of scripts to retrieve, configure, build, and install a piece of
software, with a single command. Over 24,000 ports, from editors to
programming languages to graphical applications, make FreeBSD a
powerful and comprehensive operating environment that extends far
beyond what's provided by many commercial versions of <span class=
"trademark">UNIX</span>®. Most ports are also available as
pre-compiled <span class="quote">“<span class=
"quote">packages</span>”</span>, which can be quickly installed
from the installation program.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" title="1.2.&nbsp;Target Audience">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"idp59346864"></a>1.2.&nbsp;Target Audience</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This snapshot is aimed primarily at early adopters and various
other users who want to get involved with the ongoing development
of FreeBSD. While the FreeBSD development team tries its best to
ensure that each snapshot works as advertised, 9.2-STABLE is very
much a work-in-progress.</p>
<p>The basic requirements for using this snapshot are technical
proficiency with FreeBSD and an understanding of the ongoing
development process of FreeBSD 9.2-STABLE (as discussed on the
<a class="ulink" href=
"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current" target=
"_top">FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list</a>).</p>
<p>For those more interested in doing business with FreeBSD than in
experimenting with new FreeBSD technology, formal releases (such as
9.1-RELEASE) are frequently more appropriate. Releases undergo a
period of testing and quality assurance checking to ensure high
reliability and dependability.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1" title="2.&nbsp;Obtaining FreeBSD">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style=
"clear: both"><a id="obtain"></a>2.&nbsp;Obtaining FreeBSD</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This section
focuses on those ways that are primarily useful for obtaining a
complete FreeBSD distribution, rather than updating an existing
installation.</p>
<div class="sect2" title="2.1.&nbsp;CDROM and DVD">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"idp59356976"></a>2.1.&nbsp;CDROM and DVD</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM or DVD
from several publishers. This is frequently the most convenient way
to obtain FreeBSD for new installations, as it provides a
convenient way to quickly reinstall the system if necessary. Some
distributions include some of the optional, precompiled
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">packages</span>”</span>
from the FreeBSD Ports Collection, or other extra material.</p>
<p>A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the project are
listed in the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html"
target="_top"><span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Obtaining
FreeBSD</span>”</span></a> appendix to the Handbook.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" title="2.2.&nbsp;FTP">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"idp59362736"></a>2.2.&nbsp;FTP</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of its
optional packages from <a class="ulink" href=
"ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>,
which is the official FreeBSD release site, or any of its
<span class="quote">“<span class=
"quote">mirrors</span>”</span>.</p>
<p>Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in the
<a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html"
target="_top">FTP Sites</a> section of the Handbook. Finding a
close (in networking terms) mirror from which to download the
distribution is highly recommended.</p>
<p>Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact <code class=
"email">&lt;<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"
class="email" href=
"mailto:freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org">freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</code>
for more details on becoming an official mirror site. You can also
find useful information for mirror sites at the <a class="ulink"
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/hubs/"
target="_top">Mirroring FreeBSD</a> article.</p>
<p>Mirrors generally contain the ISO images generally used to
create a CDROM of a FreeBSD release. They usually also contain
floppy disk images (for applicable platforms), as well as the files
necessary to do an installation over the network. Finally mirrors
sites usually contain a set of packages for the most current
release.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1" title="3.&nbsp;Contacting the FreeBSD Project">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style=
"clear: both"><a id="contacting"></a>3.&nbsp;Contacting the FreeBSD
Project</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" title="3.1.&nbsp;Email and Mailing Lists">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"idp59383856"></a>3.1.&nbsp;Email and Mailing Lists</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>For any questions or general technical support issues, please
send mail to the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions"
target="_top">FreeBSD general questions mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>If you're tracking the 9.2-STABLE development efforts, you
<span class="emphasis"><em>must</em></span> join the <a class=
"ulink" href=
"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current" target=
"_top">FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list</a>, in order to keep abreast
of recent developments and changes that may affect the way you use
and maintain the system.</p>
<p>Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD Project is always
happy to have extra hands willing to help—there are already far
more desired enhancements than there is time to implement them. To
contact the developers on technical matters, or with offers of
help, please send mail to the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-hackers" target=
"_top">FreeBSD technical discussions mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>Please note that these mailing lists can experience <span class=
"emphasis"><em>significant</em></span> amounts of traffic. If you
have slow or expensive mail access, or are only interested in
keeping up with major FreeBSD events, you may find it preferable to
subscribe instead to the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-announce"
target="_top">FreeBSD announcements mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by anyone wishing
to do so. Visit the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo" target="_top">FreeBSD
Mailman Info Page</a>. This will give you more information on
joining the various lists, accessing archives, etc. There are a
number of mailing lists targeted at special interest groups not
mentioned here; more information can be obtained either from the
Mailman pages or the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#mailing-list" target=
"_top">mailing lists section</a> of the FreeBSD Web site.</p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class=
"important" title="Important">
<h3 class="admontitle">Important:</h3>
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Do <span class=
"emphasis"><em>not</em></span> send email to the lists asking to be
subscribed. Use the Mailman interface instead.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" title="3.2.&nbsp;Submitting Problem Reports">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"idp59407152"></a>3.2.&nbsp;Submitting Problem Reports</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are always
valued—please do not hesitate to report any problems you may find.
Bug reports with attached fixes are of course even more
welcome.</p>
<p>The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine with
Internet mail connectivity is to use the <a class="citerefentry"
href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;amp;sektion=1">
<span class="citerefentry"><span class=
"refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> command. <span class=
"quote">“<span class="quote">Problem Reports</span>”</span> (PRs)
submitted in this way will be filed and their progress tracked; the
FreeBSD developers will do their best to respond to all reported
bugs as soon as possible. <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi" target="_top">A
list of all active PRs</a> is available on the FreeBSD Web site;
this list is useful to see what potential problems other users have
encountered.</p>
<p>Note that <a class="citerefentry" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;amp;sektion=1">
<span class="citerefentry"><span class=
"refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> itself is a shell
script that should be easy to move even onto a non-FreeBSD system.
Using this interface is highly preferred. If, for some reason, you
are unable to use <a class="citerefentry" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&amp;amp;sektion=1">
<span class="citerefentry"><span class=
"refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a> to submit a bug
report, you can try to send it to the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-bugs" target=
"_top">FreeBSD problem reports mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>For more information, <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/problem-reports/"
target="_top"><span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Writing
FreeBSD Problem Reports</span>”</span></a>, available on the
FreeBSD Web site, has a number of helpful hints on writing and
submitting effective problem reports.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1" title="4.&nbsp;Further Reading">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style=
"clear: both"><a id="seealso"></a>4.&nbsp;Further Reading</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>There are many sources of information about FreeBSD; some are
included with this distribution, while others are available on-line
or in print versions.</p>
<div class="sect2" title="4.1.&nbsp;Release Documentation">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"release-docs"></a>4.1.&nbsp;Release Documentation</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>A number of other files provide more specific information about
this snapshot distribution. These files are provided in various
formats. Most distributions will include both ASCII text
(<code class="filename">.TXT</code>) and HTML (<code class=
"filename">.HTM</code>) renditions. Some distributions may also
include other formats such as Portable Document Format
(<code class="filename">.PDF</code>).</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
<li class="listitem">
<p><code class="filename">README.TXT</code>: This file, which gives
some general information about FreeBSD as well as some cursory
notes about obtaining a distribution.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><code class="filename">RELNOTES.TXT</code>: The release notes,
showing what's new and different in FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE compared to
the previous release (FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE).</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><code class="filename">HARDWARE.TXT</code>: The hardware
compatibility list, showing devices with which FreeBSD has been
tested and is known to work.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><code class="filename">ERRATA.TXT</code>: Release errata.
Late-breaking, post-release information can be found in this file,
which is principally applicable to releases (as opposed to
snapshots). It is important to consult this file before installing
a release of FreeBSD, as it contains the latest information on
problems which have been found and fixed since the release was
created.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="note"
title="Note">
<h3 class="admontitle">Note:</h3>
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">It is extremely important
to read the errata for any given release before installing it, to
learn about any <span class="quote">“<span class=
"quote">late-breaking news</span>”</span> or post-release problems.
The errata file accompanying each release (most likely right next
to this file) is already out of date by definition, but other
copies are kept updated on the Internet and should be consulted as
the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">current
errata</span>”</span> for this release. These other copies of the
errata are located at <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/" target=
"_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a> (as well as any sites
which keep up-to-date mirrors of this location).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" title="4.2.&nbsp;Manual Pages">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"idp59462320"></a>4.2.&nbsp;Manual Pages</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>As with almost all <span class="trademark">UNIX</span>® like
operating systems, FreeBSD comes with a set of on-line manual
pages, accessed through the <a class="citerefentry" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&amp;amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">man</span>(1)</span></a> command or
through the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi" target="_top">hypertext manual
pages gateway</a> on the FreeBSD Web site. In general, the manual
pages provide information on the different commands and APIs
available to the FreeBSD user.</p>
<p>In some cases, manual pages are written to give information on
particular topics. Notable examples of such manual pages are
<a class="citerefentry" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&amp;amp;sektion=7">
<span class="citerefentry"><span class=
"refentrytitle">tuning</span>(7)</span></a> (a guide to performance
tuning), <a class="citerefentry" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=security&amp;amp;sektion=7">
<span class="citerefentry"><span class=
"refentrytitle">security</span>(7)</span></a> (an introduction to
FreeBSD security), and <a class="citerefentry" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=style&amp;amp;sektion=9"><span class="citerefentry">
<span class="refentrytitle">style</span>(9)</span></a> (a style
guide to kernel coding).</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" title="4.3.&nbsp;Books and Articles">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id=
"idp59494960"></a>4.3.&nbsp;Books and Articles</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related information,
maintained by the FreeBSD Project, are the FreeBSD Handbook and
FreeBSD FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions document). On-line versions
of the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
target="_top">Handbook</a> and <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" target=
"_top">FAQ</a> are always available from the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html" target="_top">FreeBSD
Documentation page</a> or its mirrors. If you install the
<code class="filename">doc</code> distribution set, you can use a
Web browser to read the Handbook and FAQ locally. In particular,
note that the Handbook contains a step-by-step guide to installing
FreeBSD.</p>
<p>A number of on-line books and articles, also maintained by the
FreeBSD Project, cover more-specialized, FreeBSD-related topics.
This material spans a wide range of topics, from effective use of
the mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other operating
systems, to guidelines for new committers. Like the Handbook and
FAQ, these documents are available from the FreeBSD Documentation
Page or in the <code class="filename">doc</code> distribution
set.</p>
<p>A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD can be
found in the <a class="ulink" href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bibliography.html"
target="_top">bibliography</a> of the FreeBSD Handbook. Because of
FreeBSD's strong <span class="trademark">UNIX</span>® heritage,
many other articles and books written for <span class=
"trademark">UNIX</span>® systems are applicable as well, some of
which are also listed in the bibliography.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1" title="5.&nbsp;Acknowledgments">
<div xmlns="" class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style=
"clear: both"><a id=
"acknowledgements"></a>5.&nbsp;Acknowledgments</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds, if not
thousands, of individuals from around the world who have worked
countless hours to bring about this snapshot. For a complete list
of FreeBSD developers and contributors, please see <a class="ulink"
href=
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/"
target="_top"><span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Contributors
to FreeBSD</span>”</span></a> on the FreeBSD Web site or any of its
mirrors.</p>
<p>Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD users
and testers all over the world, without whom this snapshot simply
would not have been possible.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>